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LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

AT  URBANA-CHAMPAICN 

IN  MEMORY  OF 

STEWART  S.  HOWE 

JOURNALISM  CLASS  OF  1928 


STEWART  S.  HOWE  FOUNDATION 

917.731 

F64C 

1893 

I.H.S. 


une 


Vant, 
$e  it 


You  to  Get 
The  Want 
You  Want 
To  Get. 


TYPEWRITER 


The  history  of  the  REMINGTON 
shows  a  steadily  rising  tide  of 
popularity  and  success.   It  is 
absolutely  unrivaled  for  all 
essential  qualities  of  a  first- 
class  writing  machine. 


"The  Remington  Standard  Typewrit er  is  the  official 
writing  machine  of  the  Wor/d's  Columbian  Exposition." 


SEND    FOR    CATALOGUE. 


WYCKOFF,  SEAMANS  &  BENEDICT 

175  Monroe  Street,  CHICAGO. 

327  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK, 


H.  N.  COOPER  .&  Co 


ESTf\TE> 
INV&STM&NTS 


SPECIALTIES 

Residence  lots  on  and  near  the  LAKE 
SHORE  DRIVE,  south  of  Lincoln  Park. 

Residences  and  residence  lots  at  La  Grange. 

Shares  in  the  La  Grange  Land  Association. 
This  Association  has  purchased  a  large  frontage 
in  the  best  portion  of  this  elegant  suburb,  at  an 
average  of  $11.00  per  front  foot.  Years  of 
experience  in  selling  La  Grange  property  makes 
us  certain  that  more  than  100  per  cent,  can  be 
realized  by  improving  and  retailing  this  property. 
The  title  to  this  property  is  held  by  the  Chicago 
Title  and  Trust  Company  as  Trustee,  and  all 
money  is  received  and  paid  out  by  them. 

Shares  in  the  Association  are  $100  each. 

For  particulars  call  or  address, 

GITY    OFFICE  LA  GRANGE    OFFICE 

100   WASHINGTON  STREET  5TH    AWE,,   LA  GRANGE 


....TELEPHONE    5754.... 
u 


<gf"  »»*^^^ 

&>      OFFICES",^        ric.n*  **   ,    VJ> 

. .  735  ^738  J      dJEAI?B9Rfl  Si 
UNITY  BUILDING    _^ 

TELEPIfOKmtomiflf/CAG  O^ 


Intelligent  Atoning, 


can  help  you  on  this  —  it  is  our  bus- 
iness  —  our  clients  are  successful  — 
formerly  small  advertisers  are  now  among- 
the  largest  —  our  advice  brings  results. 
Estimates  and  other  information  relative  to  the  placing  of 
•*  Intelligent  Advertising"  cheerfully  furnished  intending  ad- 
vertisers. Advertisements  designed  and  proofs  submitted  free 
of  charge.  The  "Advertiser's  Guide"  to  leading  newspapers 
and  magazines  mailed  free.  ADDRESS, 

CHAS.  H.  FULLER'S  ADVERTISING  AGENCY, 

112  Dearborn  Street,  CHICAGO. 

50O  TEMPLE   COURT    BUILDING,    NEW    YORK    CITY, 

HENRY    DECKER.  MANAGER. 


ADDRESS,    UNTIL    MAY    1,    1893,    69     DEARBORN     STREET. 

rtr 


SAFEST,  FASTEST  and  FINEST  TRAINS  IN  AMERICA 

IUTN  VIA 

Baltimore  &Qi  Raw 


NEW  YORK,  PHILADELPHIA,  BALTIMORE 
AND  WASHINGTON. 

All  trains  vestibuled  from  end  to  end,  and  pro- 
tected by  Pullman's  Anti-Telescoping  Appliance, 
including  baggage  cars,  day  coaches,  parlor  cars 
and  sleepers. 


THE  BALTIMORE  &  OHIO  RAILROAD 

Maintains  a  Complete 
Service  of  Vestibuled 
Express  Trains 

BETWEEN 

NEW  YORK, 
CINCINNATI, 
ST.  LOUIS 
and  CHICAGO, 

EQUIPPED  WITH 

PULLMAN 
PALACE 

SLEEPING  CARS 
Running  Through  With- 
out Change. 

ALL 

B.  &  O.  TRAINS 

BETWEEN  THE 

EAST  AND  WEST 

— RUN  VIA — 

WASHINGTON. 


PRINCIPAL  OFFICES. 

gS^WAS^S0'^'11*"-  8£:Mvi^Ta2Mb. 

Cor 79th  &  Chestnut  Sts,  Phil,  P..  193  Clark  Street  Chicago  111. 

Cor.  Baltimore  &  Calvert  Sts.,  Bal.,  Md.      105  Broadway,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1351  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  Washington,  D.  C. 

CHAS.  O.  SCULL,  GHN-L  PAS«.  Aar 


J.  7.    ODELL.   GEN-.   MQR. 


IVID. 


IV 


MARSHALL  FIELD  ft  Co 

State  and  Washington  Streets,  Chicago. 


Probably  of  more  importance  to  ladies  than  any  other  point  of 
interest  in  Chicago,  is  the  retail  house  of  MARSHALL  FIELD  &  Co. 
Rated  as  it  is  among  the  largest  in  the  world,  it  is  by  far  the  most 
complete  and  most  handsomely  equipped  in  Chicago,  and  a  shopping 
headquarters  for  the  larger  portion  of  its  residents.  To  strangers  a 
most  cordial  welcome  is  extended.  Waiting  rooms,  check  rooms, 
retiring  rooms,  and  all  possible  conveniences  are  offered  to  those 
who  care  to  enjoy  them.  To  patrons  it  has  to  recommend  it 

LARGE  STOCK  OF  DRY  GOODS,  ETC. 
LOW  (the  lowest)  PRICES 
and  ABSOLUTE  TRUSTWORTHINESS. 


GEORGE  M.  BOGUE.  HAMILTON  B.  BOQUE.  HARRY   W.  CHRISTIAN. 

BOGUE  &  COMPANY, 

Real  Estate  floenoy 

Rooms  203  to  209  Real  Estate  Board  Building, 

59  DEARBORN  STREET,  CHICAGO- 

ESTABLISHED  1867. 


BUY  AND  SELL  REAL  ESTATE  ON  COMMISSION, 

PROPERTY  MANAGED, 

INTERESTS  OF  NON-RESIDENTS  CAREFULLY  ATTENDED  TO 
RENTS  COLLECTED,  LOANS  NEGOTIATED, 

A    LARGE    LIST   ALWAYS    ON    HAND    OF 

INVESTMENT  PROPERTIES, 

RESIDENCES,  VACANT   FOR   IMPROVING. 

ACRES  RIPE  FOR  SUB-DIVIDING. 

Agents  for  the  World  Renowned   Grant   Locomotive  Works' 

Addition  to  Chicago. 
The  only  Locomotive  Works  west  of  Pittsburg.    600  men  no-w  employed. 


MANY  HOUSES  HAVE  BEEN  BUILT— MORE  ARE  NEEDED. 
NOW  IS  THE  TIME  TO  BUY  A  LOT. 

IT  IS  THE  BEST  INVESTMENT  AROUND  CHICAGO. 


Send  for  Plat  and  get  Free  Tickets. 


LOTS,   &5OO    flND    UPWARDS. 


(ocp^rt  Opticians  .  .  .  « 


FIT  EYES  AT 


38  E.  MADISON  ST.,  CHICAGO. 


OSCAR  D.  WETHERELL,  Preset. 
MELVILLE  E.  STONE,  Vice  Pres't. 


D.  A .  MOULTON,  Cashier. 

C.  C.  SWINBORNE,  Aes't  Cashier. 


The  Globe  National  Bank 


OP  CHICAGO. 


Capita!  and  Surplus,     -      $1,080,000,00 
CENTRAL  HALL,  THE  ROOKERY, 

ADAMS  AND  LA  SALLB  STREETS. 


DIRECTORS. 


MELVILLE  E.  STONE, 
GUSTAVUS  F.  SWIFT, 
JAMES  L.  HIGH, 
BERNARD  A.  ECKHART, 
JAMES  H.  PEARSON, 
AMOS  GRANNIS, 


ALSON  E.  CLARKE, 
WILLIAM  H.  HARPER, 
SAMUEL  H.  SWEET, 
EVERETT  W.  BROOKS, 
DON.  A.  MOULTON, 
ROBERT  L.  HENRY, 


OSCAR  D.  WETHERELL. 

VII 


ESTABLISHED  1857. 

J.  B.  CHAMBERS  *  CO. 

IMPORTERS, 
DIAMONDS,  RUBIES,  SAPPHIRES, 

EWWERflLDS,  FBftRLS, 
SET,  LOOSE  «ND  MOUNTED  TO  ORDER. 


AMERICAN       WfTTGHES       FOREIGN 
JEWELRY  NOVELTIES 

STERLING  SILVER  SOUVENIR  SPOONS, 

WEDDING  AND  ANNIVERSARY  GIFTS, 

CLARK  AND  MADISON  STREETS. 

RICE  &  WHITACRE  MFG.  CO, 
Engines,  Boilers 

Steam 

Power 

Plants. 
Steam  and 
Hot  Water 
Heaters. 

47  SOUTH  CANAL  STREET 
....  GHIGAGO-.. 

VIII 


THE 

STANDARD  GUIDE 

TO 

CHICAGO 


ILLUSTRATED 


WORLD'S  FAIR  EDITION 
•893 


WRITTEN  AND  COMPILED  BY 

JOHK    J.     KLINN 


COMPILER  op  THE  OFFICIAL  GUIDE  BOOKS  TO  THE  WORLD'S 

COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION;   CONDENSED  GUIDE  TO 

CHICAGO,  HAND  BOOK  OF  CHICAGO 

BIOGRAPHY,  ETC. 


'Not  in  the  Arabian   Nights'  Entertainments,  though   bathed  in  all   the  glorious 

colorings  of  Oriental  fancy,  is  there  a  tale  which  surpasses  in 

wonder  the  plain,  unvarnished  history  of  Chicago." 


CHICAGO 
THE    STANDARD    GUIDE    CO. 

358    DEARBORN    STREET 


Entered  according-  to  the  act  of  Congress, 
BY 

THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  CO. 
JOHN  J.  FLINN,  W.  S.  SHEPPARD, 

President.  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress, 
at  Washington,  D.  C. 

All  Rights  of  Translation  Reserved. 


THE    LARGEST    ESTABLISHMENT    DEVOTED    EXCLUSIVELY    fO    HIGH    GRADfc 
LITHOGRAPHY    IN   THE   WEST. 


WM.  8.  OROUTT,  QEN.  Ma*. 


LITHOGRAPHERS^ 


BELDKN  F.  CULVER 

DEALER  ON  COMMISSION  IN 


REAL  ESTATE. 


PROPERTY  OF  NON-RESIDENTS 
TAKEN  CHARGE  OF  AND 
THEIR  INTERESTS  PROTECTED. 


CAREFUL  ATTENTION  GIVEN  rQ  fjporUnrn     Of 

TO  THE  PAYMENT  OF  TAXES  U^  1/Odl  UUJ  Ol. 

AND  SPECIAL  ASSESSMEN  TS.  CHICAGO. 

XIII 


INVESTMENTS. 
LOANS. 


RENTING. 
INSURANCE. 


XIV 


TO 

THE  CHILDREN  OF  CHICAGO 
IN  GENERAL, 

AND  TO 
MY  OWN   LITTLE  CHILDREN 

IN   PARTICULAR, 
WHO,  IF  THE   LORD  SPARES  THEM   UNTIL 

THEY  SHALL  HAVE  ATTAINED 
THE    ALLOTTED    SPAN    OF    LIFE, 

WILL  SEE  THIS  CITY 
THE  GREATEST  METROPOLIS  ON  THE  GLOBE. 

THIS   VOLUME 
IS   AFFECTIONATELY   DEDICATED 

BY 
THE  COMPILER. 


THIS  BOOK 
IS    DIVIDEDD    INTO    THRBE    F>ARTS. 


PART       I.      THE  GUIDE— TEN  TRIPS  AROUND  THE  CITY,   PAGE 
23. 

PART     II.      GENERAL  INFORMATION,  PAGE  123. 

PART  III.      THE  APPENDIX  — STATISTICAL  INFORMATION,  PAGE 
539. 


MORTGAGES  AND 
REAL  ESTATE 

INVESTMENTS 

MONEY  TO  LOAN, 


o<lt>o 


TELEPHONE,    MAIN    877. 

Oor.  TJnd.er  First  USTatiozial 

CMICAGO, 

XVII 


ANDREW  DUNNING 

Real  -Estate-  Investments 

92    LA    SALLE    STREET, 

CHICAGO. 


/  BELIEVE  I  HAVE  SOME  CHOICE  BARGAINS.      , 

IT  WILL  COST  YOU  NOTHING  TO  SEE  THEM. 


SPECIALTIES. 

ACRE  TRACTS  for  investment,  subdivision  or  syndicate 
purposes. 

Parcels  of  ten  or  more  LiOTS  at  genuine  wholesale  prices,  for 
investors,  retailers  and  builders. 

INCOME  PROPERTY  paying  eight  to  ten  per  cent.,  net. 


I  recommend  investments  in  the  NORTHWEST  SECTION  of 
Chicago,  where  prices  have  not  been  "boomed";  but  where  the 
rapid  progress  of  improvements  during  1892  and  increased  trans- 
portation facilities  warrant  the  belief  that  the  history  of  the 
Southside  is  repeating-  itself  there. 


WRITE    FOR    CIRCULARS. 

XVIII 


INDEX  TO  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAGE. 

American  Radiator  Co.'s  Sales- 
room     297 

Andrews,  A.  H.  &  Co.'s  Bldg 169 

Art  Institute 85 

Ashland  Block 29 

Ashland  Boulevard 305 

Athenaeum  Building '. .  112 

Auburn  Park,  view  in 411 

Auditorium  Bldg, Facing  Part  I 

Auditorium,Studeoakerand  Chi- 
cago Club  Bldgs 73 

Aurora  Woi-ks,  Aurora  Smelting 

and  Refining  Co 505 

Benedict,George  H.&  Co.'s  build- 
ing   211 

3erwyn,  Residence  in 413 

Jerwyn,  Suburb  of,  Railway  Sta- 
tion    277 

Bird's  Eye  View  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition. ..Facing  Preface 

Boyce  Bldg 43 

Carpenter    George    B.  &  Co.'s..  207 
C.,  B.  &  Q.    General  Ticket  Office  183 

Central  Masic  Hall 61 

Chamber  of  Commerce  Bldg 91 

Chicago  Beach  Hotel 321 

Chicago  Cripple  Creek  Gold  Min- 
ing Co 507 

Chicago    Raw    Hide    Mfg.  Co.'s 

Bldg  253 

Chicago  River,  Near  its  Mouth . .     25 

Clark  and  Randolph  Street 551 

Clark  Street,  North  from  Madi- 
son        365 

Conover  Piano  Co.'s  Office  and 

Salesroom 357 

Conover  Piano  Co.'s  Works 349 

Continental  National  BankBuild- 

ing J55 

Columbus  Buggy  Co.  Repository.  537 
Columbus  Buggy  Co.'s  Works...  467 

Columbus  Bldg.  64 

Daily  News,  Counting  Room 387 

Dale  &  Sempill's  Drug  Store 243 

Davis  &  Rankin  Bldg  &  Mfg.  Co. 

Interior 325 

Dearborn  Passenger  Station 223 

Deering  Harvesting  Works 511 

Douglas  Monument 147 

Donohue  &Henneberry (In  Front)  XL 

Drexel  Fountain 65 

Evening  Journal  Bldg. 388 

Evening  Post  Bldg 391 

First   National   Bank,  (Office  of 

Dunlap,  Smith  &  Co.) 151 

Frank's   Collateral   Loan  Bank, 

Interior 293 

Friedman,  J.  &  Co.'s  Bldg 177 

FRONTISPIECE— Chicago  Has 

Arisen Facing  Title  Page 

Garfield  Park,  A  View  in 215 

Germaiiia  Club  House 377 

Gormully    &   Jeffery  Mfg.  Co.'s 

Works 235 

Grand  Central   Station 273 

Grant  Locomotive  Works 519 


PAGE. 

Grant  Monument 120 

Great  Northern  Hotel 80 

Gross'  Suburbs,  Locations  of 418 

Gross'  Suburbs,  Views  in 421 

Hardy's   Subterranean    Scenery 

Theater  (two  views) 136 

Hartford  Bldg 38 

Haymarket  Square 373 

Herald  Bldg 113 

Herald  Office,  Interior 393 

Hill,  F.  H.  Co.'s  Bldg 285 

Home  Insurance  Bldg 142 

Hooley's  Theatre,  Interior 189 

Hotel  Pfister,  Milwaukee 485 

Illinois  Central  Railroad  Depot .  451 
Illinois    Central    Railroad   Map, 

Showing  Entrance  to  City 465 

Indian  Monument,  Lincoln  Park  317 

Inter-Ocean  Bldg 37 

John  M.  Smyth  Bldg.,  Exterior. . .  313 
John  M.  Smyth  Bldg.,  Interior  ...   117 
Kaestner,  Charles  &  Co.'s  Fac- 
tories   219 

Keeley  Institute,  Laboratory  and 

Office 329 

Keeley    Institute,    Taking    the 

Treatment .     337 

Keeley  Institute,  Waiting  for  the 

Train  333 

Kimball,  The  W.  W.,  Bldg 109 

Kimball,  W.  W.  Co.'s  Piano  and 

Organ  Works  265 

La  Grange,  Views  in 425 

Lake  Michigan,  Scene  on 69 

La  Salle  Statue 143 

La  Salle  St.,  So.  of  Randolph 361 

Lees  Bldg 137 

Libby  Prison,  National  Museum.  133 

Lincoln  Monument 309 

Lincoln  Park,   Clark  Street  En- 
trance  161 

Lincoln     Park,    Lily    Beds    and 

Schiller  Monument 249 

Manhattan  Bldg 70 

Map    Showing     Chicago's    Geo- 
graphical position 369 

Marshall    Field's    Retail    House 

(State  Street  Bldg) 187 

Masonic  Temple 53 

McCormick  Harvesting  Machine 

Co.'s  Works 261 

Me Vicker's  Theatre,  Interior  ..     125 

Mead  <fe  Coe,  Interior  of  office 526 

Medinah  Temple   198 

Michigan  Boulevard     57 

Model  Apartment  House 193 

Monadnock  Bldg         86 

Monarch  Cycle  Co.'s  Works 528 

North  Side  Water  Tower  281 

North-Western  Railway  Depot. .   105 

Oakwood  Sanitarium,  Views 530 

Orcutt  Co.'s  Bldg 239 

Owings  Bldg 30 

Palmer  House 75 

Pettibone,  P.  F.  &  Co.'s  Bldg 289 

Police  Monument 101 


XIX 


PAGE. 

Pontiac  Bldg 102 

Post  Office  and  Custom  House ...    33 

Public  Library  Bldg 81 

Pullman  Administration  Bldg. . .  157 

Pullman  Bldg 77 

Pullman,  Engine  House  and  Wa- 
ter Tower 443 

Pullman  Presbyterian  Church.. .  227 

Pullman,  The  Boulevard 439 

Prairie  Avenue 245 

Produce  Cold  Storage  Exchange.  269 

Relic  House.  353 

Remington  Typewriter  Office 257 

Ritchie,  W.  C.  &  Co.'s  Bldg 191 

Ritchie,  W.  C.  &  Co.'s,  Interior...  535 

Rock  Island  Depot 97 

Rookery  Bldg  131 

Sawyer-Goodman  Co.'s  Mills  and 

Shipping  Docks 231 

Schiller  Theatre  Bldg 129 

Security  Bldg 54 

Skandinaven  Bldg 341 

Southern  Pacific  Railway  Scenes  473 

South  Water  Street 49 

State,  North  from  Madison  St  . . .     45 
State,  South  from  Palmer  House  513 


PAGE. 

Staver  &  Abbott  Repository 537 

Stone  Bldg 126 

St.Vincent's  Infants'  Asylum          203 

Tacoma  Bldg 96 

Thayer    &    Jackson    Stationery 

Co.'s  Bldg 195 

The  Temple 89 

Thomson-Taylor  Spice  Co.'s  Bldg  165 

Title  &  Trust  Bldg     48-173 

Tribune  Bldg 41 

Union  National  Bank,  Interior..    93 

Union  Stock  Yards 301 

Union  Stock  Yards,  Clay,  Robin- 
son &  Co 495 

Unity  Bldg 24 

U.  S.  Appraiser's  Bldg 107 

Venetian  Bldg 118 

Wabash  Ave.  and  Jackson  St 381 

Western  Bank  Note  Bldg 199 

Western  Refrigerating  Company, 

Interior 345 

W.  J.   White's    Pleasm-e  Yacht, 

"Say  When  ?" 480 

Women's  Temple 59-89 

Yost  Mfg.  Co.,  Toledo,  Ohio 480 


INDEX  TO  ADVERTISERS. 


(FRONT  PART  OP  BOOK.)      PAGE. 

Andrews  &  Piper XXII 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  R.  R IV 

Bogue  &  Co VI 

Calkins,  T.  E.  Engraving  Co Ill 

Chambers,  J.  B.  &  Co VIII 

Charles  H.  Fuller's  Adv.  Agency.  Ill 

Cooper,  H.  N.  &  Co H 

Cronkrite,  B.  F.  &Co        XIV 

Donohue  &  Henneberry XXXIX 

Dunlap,  Smith  &  Co XVII 

Dunning,  Andrew XVIII 

Evening  Journal      XLI 

Field,  Marshall  &  Co V 

Fowler's  Optical  Institute VII 

Globe  National  Bank VII 

Henry  Dibblee  Co XXI 

La  Grange  Land  Association L 

Orcutt  Comp'y.  Lithographers.  XIII 
Pratt  &  Ely  (Opp.  Auditorium) 

Engraving XLIX 

Remington  Standard  Typewriter.  I 
Rice  &  Whiteacre  Mfg.  Co . .  . .  VIII 
Thomson  &  Taylor  Spice  Co ...  XLIII 

Tribune,  The  Chicago 

...  Inside  of  Front  Cover 

(BODY  AND  BACK  OP  BOOK.) 

Allen,  Gasette  &  Opdyke 560 

American  Conservatory 555 

Andrews'  "Gem"  Folding  Bed...  563 

Bearing  Engraving  Co 580 

Benedict,  George  H.  &  Co     .  574 

Bent,  George  P.,  Crown  Pianos 
and  Organs.        Inside  Back  Cover 

Carpenter,  George  B.  &  Co 565 

C.,  B.  &  Q.  Railroad 182 

Chicago  Cripple  Creek  Gold  Min- 
ing Company 583 

Chicago  Athengeum 

Inside  Back  Cover 

Chicago  Raw  Hide  Mfg.  Co 573 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pac.  Ry .  572 
Chicago  Watchmaker's  Institute  556 


PAGE. 

Chicago  &  North- Western  Ry 577 

Clarke,  B.  F. 557 

Continental  National  Bank 154 

Corn  Exchange  Bank  554 

Daily  News,  The  Chicago 386 

Dale&Sempill 242 

Dunlap  Hat 554 

Ellsworth  &  Jones 559 

Evening  Post 390 

Forsyth  Lands  579 

Gendron  Iron  Wheel  Company..  559 

Greenebaum  Sons 561 

Gross,  S.  E.  &  Co.     . .     419 

Hair?  J.  A.  &  S.  G 558 

Herald,  The  Chicago 395 

Hotel  Pfister,  Milwaukee 581 

Illinois  Central  R.  R.  Map 465 

Kaestner  &  Co 584 

Manz  &  Co 576 

Mason  &  Davis  Co 561 

Merrick's  Spool  Cotton 555 

Meyer  &Finck 567 

Michigan  Central  Railroad         . .  571 

Mid-Continent  Publishing  Co 560 

Northern  Assurance  Co 121 

Northern  Pacific  Railroad 570 

Peabody,  Houghteling  &  Co 553 

Peele,  C.  D.  M 582 

Photo-Tint  Engraving  Co  578 

Plankinton  Hotel,  Milwaukee.,..  556 

Pridmore,  W.  A 122 

Relic  House 558 

Ritchie,  W.  C.  &  Co 569 

Sawyer-Goodman  Co  562 

Southern  Pacific  Company 566 

Tourjee  Consera  vtory  of  Music . .  556 

Union  National  Bank 575 

Union  Pacific  Railway 564 

Vierling,  McDowell  &  Co 555 

White,  W.  J.  Chewing  Gum 481 

Wood  Brothers   557 

Yost  Mfg.  Co.,  Toledo,  Ohio 489 


N  \ 


ANSON  8.  HOPKINS,  B.  E.  SUNNY,  J.  G.  SANBORN, 

Pres.  and  Gen'I  Mgr.  Vice-Pres.  Sec'y  and  Treas. 


THE  HENRY  DIBBLEE  COHPANY 


ESTABLISHED   1873. 


INCORPORATED  1886. 


DESIGNERS  AND   MANUFACTURERS 
BANK  AND  OFFICE  INTERIORS   . 


FURNITURE  AND  DECORATIONS 


MANTELS,  GRATES,  TILES,  MOSAICS 


SALESROOMS  AND  MANUFACTORY 

stud.  ISO  ^v£IctLig-£irL 

CHICAGO 


CORRESPONDENCE   SOLICITED 
XXI 


Do  You  Want  a  Home  or  an  Investment 

WHERE  BY  REASON  OF  THE  ERECTION  OF  MANY  CHOICE 
RESIDENCES, 

Values  are  Rapidly  and  Legitimately  Enhancing? 

IF  SO,  DO  NOT  PURCHASE  UNTIL  YOU  HAVE  SEEN 


AIY10NG  ITS  MANY  ADVANTAGES  ARE  : 

LOCATION .    Only  nine  and  one-half  miles  from  City  Hall  on  the  C.,  B. 

&  Q.  R.  R.  and   the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Illinois 

Central. 

TRANSPORTATION.    Half-hourly  trains  make  the  run  in  twenty- 
-    eight  minutes— less  time  than  is  required  to 
reach  most  desirable  residence  districts  in  Chicago  by  street  car. 
FARE.    Only  eight  cents. 


UNIFORM    IMPROVEMENTS.    Our  building  restrictions  are  such 

-    that  every  purchaser  is  absolutely 

assured  that  his  neighborhood  can  suffer  no  detraction  by  reason  of 

interior  improvements. 
NO   SALOONS.    Liquor  is  prohibited  by  every  deed. 

WATER.    An  artesian  well  supplies  pure  excellent  water. 

SEWERS.    Sewers  are  now  laid  on  several  streets,  and  a  large  force  of 
-     men  are  completing  the  system  as  rapidly  as  the  work  can  be 

done. 
ELECTRICITY.    Street  and  house  lighting  is  by  electricity. 

CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS    and  many  social  organizations  afford  the 
—    privileges  desired  by  every  community  of 

refinement. 

HEALTH  FULNESS.    Ask  any  resident  of  BERWYN  and  he  will 
assure  you  that  the  conditions  of  air,  drainage, 
water,  etc.,  are  such  as  to  render  it  remarkably  healthful. 
FOLIAGE.    Elms  and  maples  of  twenty  years  growth  line  the  streets, 
and  are  one  of  BER  WYN'ti  greatest  attractions. 


Modern  Residences,  $3,000  to  $10,000.        Choice  Lots,  $22.00  to  $32.00  per  foot. 
PAYMENTS. 


ANDREWS  &  PIPER,  OWNERS, 

185  Dearborn  Street,  Suite  51. 

XXII 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


[SEE  ALSO  "INDEX    TO    ILLUSTRATIONS,"   "INDEX   TO   TEN  DAILY 
TRIPS,"  AND  "INDEX  TO  ADVERTISERS."] 


Abattoirs 362 

Abendpost 383 

Abstracts  of  Title 362 

Acacia  Club 260 

Academy  of  Music 123 

Academy  of  Sciences.  123 
Academy  of  Sciences 

Library 347 

Adams  Express  Bldg.  166 
Adolph  Loeb  &  Bro. . .  158 

Advance 400 

Advertising  Agencies  499 
Aeolus  Club.              . . .  260 
Alexian  Brothers  Hos- 
pital   320 

Alhambra  Theatre 123 

Allen's  Academy.        .  279 
Allen,  Cassette  &  Op- 
dyke     500 

Alley  Elev.  R.  R.     .     .247 
Amateur  Press  Club, 
The  Chicago..     ..   .267 

Ambulances 364 

American  Cities,  Pop- 
ulation of  1890     ...  380 
American     Conserva- 
tory of  Music  292 

American  Education- 
al Aid  Ass'n.         ...     210 
American    Exchange 

National  Bank.  . .  .  152 
American  Ex.  Bldg.  166 
American  Radiator 

Company 500 

American  Trust  and 

Savings  Bank.         ..   158 
Amusement  and  Rec- 
reation    123 

Anarchy      364 

Anarchist  Monument  312 
Anarchist  Revenge 

Circular 380 

Andersen  Bust..  314 
Andrews,  A.  H.  &  Co..  500 
Anshe  Maariv  Ceme- 
tery   200 

Annexation 232 

Annexed  Districts ....  232 


Apollo  Club 251 

Appendix 541 

Arbeiter  Zetiung 384 

Architectural      Iron 

Works 500 

Architectural   Sketch 

Club 251 

Area  of  Chicago 232 

Argonaut  Club 251 

Armour  Flats  ...        .  311 
Armour  Institute  Bldg  166 

Armour  Institute 300 

Armour    Institute, 

Departments  of 302 

Armour  Institute,  Ex- 
terior .    .  302 
Armour  Institute, 

Girls  Department. ..  300 
Armour  Institute, 

Gymnasium      . .  302 
Armour  Institute,  Li- 
brary  300 

Armour  Institute,  Li- 
brary  347 

Armour  Institute,  ob- 
ject of     302 

Armour  Institute,  pre- 
sentation of     302 

Armour  Institute — 
Training  School   .   .  300 

Armour  Mission 210 

Armour    Mission    Li- 
brary   ..347 

ArmourMissionTrain- 

ing  School 210 

Armstrong  Bust  . .    . .  314 

Art  Bldg  (old) 140 

Art  Collection 140 

Art  Institute,  Art  Mu- 
seum      140 

Art     Institute,    Art 

School.  .  .     142 

Art     Institute    Bldg 

(new)    166 

Art  Institute,  Collec- 
tions, etc  141 

Art  Institute,Popular- 

ityof 141 

Art  Museum 123 

Arts  and  Sciences 140 

XXIII 


Art  Students'  League.  145 

Ashland  Block 167 

Ashland  Blvd 431 

Ashland  Club 251 

Astronomical  Observ- 
atories       145 

Asylums  and  Homes..  204 
Atchison,    Topeka    & 

Santa  Fe  System...  449 
Athletic  Association.  248 
Athletic  Club  Bldg...  167 
Athletic  Club  Houses.  247 

Athenaeum  Bldg  167 

Athenaeum,  The  Chi- 
cago.             279 

Athenaeum,  The  Chi- 
cago, Library 347 

Atlantic  Hotel         ....  324 
Atlas  National  Bank.  152 

Auburn  Park 412 

Auditorium  Annex,  or 
Congress  Hotel  Bldg  171 

Auditorium  Bldg 168 

Auditorium  Hotel  ...  324 
Auditorium  Hotel  An- 
nex   324 

Auditorium  Theatre . .  123 
Augustana  Hospital.  320 

Aurora 412 

Austin 414 

A  u  s  t  r  o  -  H  ungarian 

Cemetery 200 

Avenue  Savings  Bank  158 
Ayer's  Bldg 171 


Back  Lot  Societies  of 

Evanston 259 

Baggage,  Express,Ad- 

dress& Telephones.  367 
Baggage,  How  Cared 

for. ...  364 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  R.R.  449 

Ball  Alleys      250 

Banks  and  Banking. .   149 
Banking  Business, Sta- 
tistics concerning. .  541 
Bank  of  Commerce . . .  158 
Bank  Clearings 541 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Bankers'  Club. 251 

Banks,  Condition  of, 

1892 541 

Banking     Houses    of 
Chicago,  Capital, 

Surplus,  etc.     149 

Banking    Houses    of 
Chicago,  classes  of.  149 

Banks,  National 152 

Bankers  Nat' IBank..  152 
Banks,  State  and  Pri- 
vate  156 

Banks  Worth  Visiting  364 

Banner  of  Gold 400 

Baptist  Churches 225 

Baptist  Hospital 320 

Baptist  Missionary 

Training  School 303 

Barlow's  Pavilion.  . .  124 
Base  Ball  Clubs  .  ..248 
Base  Ball  (Indoor 

Clubs) 250 

Battle  of  Gettysburg 

Cyclorama        124 

Baths,  Public  and  Pri- 
vate    364 

BethHamedrash 

Cemetery 200 

Beer  and  Breweries . .  364 
Belford's  Magazine...  400 

Belvedere  Flats 311 

Benedict,  Geo.H.&  Co  500 

Bennett  Hospital 320 

Bennett  Medical  Col- 
lege  291 

Berwyn         414 

Births,  1892 548 

Beseda  (Boh.  Reading 

Club) 259 

Bible  Institute 220 

Bi-Chloride  of  Gold,  a 

misnomer 331 

Bird's  Eye  Views    of 

Chicago 364 

Bird's  Eye  Views  ...  124 
Blaisdell  — Preisch 

Conserv.  of  Music .    294 
B'nai  Abraham  Ceme- 
tery     200 

B'nai    Shilom    Ceme- 
tery  200 

Board  of  Trade 270 

Board  of  Trade  Clear- 
ings, 1892     545 

Board  of  Trade  Cor- 
ners   364 

Board  of  Trade  Bldg..  171 
Board  of  Trade (open) 

Bldg 186 

Board  of  County  Com- 
missioners  274 

Board  of  Trade  Gal- 
lery   366 


Board  of  Trade,  Open.  366 
Boarding    Houses, 

Hints  to  Strangers. .  34 
Boat  and  Yacht  Club.  248 
Boating  andYachting  366 
Bon  Ami  Club  of  Wil- 

mette 264 

Book     and     News 

Stands 379 

Boulevards.   429 

Boyce  Building     171 

Brainard's  Musical 

World   400 

Breadstuff  Transac- 
tions   545 

Brickmaker,  The.    .   .  400 

Bridewell 233 

Bridges  and  Viaducts  233 

Brigg's  House  326 

Brother     Jonathan 

Bldg  171 

Brookdale     414 

Bryan  Block 171 

Bucket  Shops 366 

Buena      Park     S.    S. 

Yacht  Club 251 

Builders  and  Traders 

Exchange 270 

Building    Operations 

since  1881     542 

Buildings,  Architec- 
ture and  Construc- 
tion   163 

Buildings,    Cost     of 

Steel  Construction.  164 
Buildings,  the  Great, 

of  1892  542 

Buildings,  The  Great, 

Cost  of 542 

Building  and  Loan  As- 
sociations   366 

Buildings,    The    Not- 
able Structures        .  163 
Building  Society  Club  252 
Building   Transac- 
tions       542 

Bureau  of  Justice 210 

Burke's  European 

Hotel 326 

Burning  of  Chicago . .  368 


Cable  Companies.  ...  236 
Cable  Power  Houses.  241 
Cable  Railways,Char- 

acter  of     237 

Cab  Rates 32 

California     Pioneers, 

W.  Ass'n  of 263 

Calkins,T.  E.,  Engrav- 
ing Co 501 

Calumet  Bldg 172 

XXIV 


Calumet  Club 252 

Calumet  Electric  Sys- 
tem   241 

Calumet  Flats 31 1 

Calumet  Heights. ...  414 
Calvary  Cemetery  ...  201 
Cambridge  Flats  .  ...  311 
Carette  Company ,The 

Chicago 502 

Carleton  Club 260 

Carleton  Flats  311 

Carolina  Hotel 326 

Carpenter,  Geo.  B.  & 

Co 501 

Carpentry  and  Build- 
ing   401 

Casino  Club  of  Edge- 
water  264 

Catholic    (Roman) 

Churches 228 

Cavalry,  Troop  A 359 

Caxton  Bldg 172 

Cemeteries 200 

Central  Blvd  431 

Q  entral    Church 

(Swing's) 226 

Central  Detail     435 

Central  Manufactur- 
ing Block 172 

Central  Music  Hall...  124 
Central  Music  Hall 

Bldg 172 

Central  Trust  and 

Savings  Bank.   . .        158 
Central  Union  Block.  172 
Chamber    of   Com- 
merce   Bldg.      (See 

Guide) . .  172 

Chambers,  J.  B.  &  Co.  502 
Character  of  Great 

Buildings 28 

Charities 202 

Charities,  cost  of 202 

Charities,  Leading  In- 
stitutions    210 

Charities,locations  of  202 
Charities,  Miscellane- 
ous   209 

Charities,  names  and 

numbers  of 202 

Charitable  Societies  .  209 
Charles  Henrotin.   ...   158 
ChebraGemilathChas- 
adim  Ubikar  Cholim 

Cemetery... 201 

Chebra  Kadisha  Ubi- 
kar Cholim  Ceme- 
tery   201 

Chemical  Bank  Elder. .  172 
Chemical  Nat'l  Bank .  152 

Chicago  23 

Chicago  Academy  of 
Sciences 146 


•GENERAL  INDEX. 


Chicago,  area  and 
water  frontage  of  .  :26 

Chicago  as  a  Railway 
Center 448 

Chicago  Astronomical 
Society  145 

Chicago  Athenaeum..  279 

Chicago  Athenaeum 
Library 347 

Chicago  Beach  Hotel.  326 

Chicago  Bible  Society  220 

Chicago  Branch,  I.  T. 
&M.  Library 347 

Chicago.Burlington  & 
Quincy  R.  R 450 

Chicago  Carrette  Co. .  502 

Chicago  Central  Rail- 
road   452 

Chicago  City  Railway 
Company 238 

Chicago,  Climate  of...    27 

Chicago  Club 252 

Chicago  College  of 
Law 291 

Chicago  College  of 
Pharmacy 291 

Chicago  College  of  Vo- 
cal and  Instrument- 
alart  294 

Chicago  Conservatory  294 

Chicago  Cottage  Or- 
gan Co 503 

Chicago  Daily  News. .  385 

Chicago  Daily  News 
Fresh  Air  Fund 210 

Chicago,  Distance  of 
from  ether  cities 367 

Chicago  Edison  Power 
Houses .  366 

Chicago  Fire  Cyclo 
rama  ...  . .  124 

Chicago, Foreign  Born 
Citizens  in  26 

Chicago,  Foundation 
Soil  of 26 

Chicago  Free  Kinder- 
garten Association.  210 

Chicago,  General  In- 
troduction to 23-31 

Chicago  General 

Street  Ry.  Co.. 244 

Chicago,    Geographi- 
cal Position  of      .   .     24 
Chicago  Great  West- 
ern   Railway..         ..  452 
Chicago,  Harbor  of  . .     27 
Chicago,  Historical 

Sketch  of    30 

Chicago  Home  for 

Crippled  Children..  212 
Chicago      Homoeo- 
pathic Medical  Col- 
lege   291 


Chicago  Industrial         '  Chicago,  Sons  of     .... 
School  for  Girls.     ..  303  I  Chicago     Stock     Ex- 


Chicago  Kitchen  Gar- 
den Association 303 

Chicago  Lake  Traffic.    27 

Chicago  Lake  View  & 

Sub.  Ry 244 

hicago,  Length  and 
Width  of     26 

Chicago  Life  Saving 
Station 356 

Chicago  Light  356 

Chicago  Literary  Club  260 

ChicagoManualTrain- 
ing  School 303 

Chicago,  Milwaukee , 
&St.  Paul  Ry 453 

Chicago  Municipal 
Government  ...  27 

Chicago  Musical  CoP 
lege 294 

Chicago  National 
Bank 152 

Chicago  Nursery  and 
Half  Orphan  Asy- 
lum   210 

Chicago  Opera  House  126 

Chicago  Opera  House 
Block 186 

Chicago  Orphan  Asy- 
lum   212 

Chicago  Pharmaceu- 
tical College 291 

Chicago  Policlinic  ...  212 

Chicago,  Population 
of 23 

Chicago  Press  Club ...  256 

Churches,  Principal, 
Locations  of 225 

Chicago  Public  Libra- 
ry  352 

Chicago  Public  School 
System 295 

Chicago,  Rank  with 
Other  Cities 23 

Chicago, Rapid  growth 
of 24 

Chicago,  Rawhide 
Mfg.  Co.,  The 504 

Chicago  Real  Estate 
Board 270 

Chicago  Relief  and 
Aid  Society  212 

Chicago  River  and  its 
branches  24 

Chicago,  Rock  Island 

I      &  Pacific  Ry 454 

j  Chicago, Sewerage  and 
Drainage  of 27 

Chicago,  Sides  or  Div- 
isions of 24 

Chicago     Society    o  f 

Artists 144 

XXV 


change        270 

Chicago     Stock     E  x- 

change,  Business...  541 
Chicago    Theological 

Seminary -307 

Chicago    Trust    and 

Savings  Bank 158 

C.      Union     Elevator 

and  Tunnel  Co   246 

Chicago  University.    286 
Chicago      University 

Library     355 

Chicago      Veterinary 

College  ..     291 

Chicago    Watch- 
makers' Institute...  301 
Chicago     Women's 

Club     .266 

Chicago  Zouaves.    ...  360 
Chicago  &  Alton  Rail- 
road  455 

Chicago   and  Aurora 
Smelting  &  Refining 

Company 504 

Chicago    &    Calumet 

Terminal  Ry.  Co 456 

Chicago  &  Eastern  111. 

Railroad    457 

Chicago  &  Evanston 

Electric  Line 244 

Chicago  &Grand 

Trunk  Ry     457 

Chicago    &  Northern 

Pacific  R.  R 459 

Chicago  &Nor  th-     . 

Western  Ry 459 

Chicagske  Listy  ....     384 
Chickering  Music  Hall  126 

China  Town  366 

Chinese  Theatre  126 

Christian  Churches...  225 
Christian  End.  Juv.  So- 
cieties         ...    220 

Christian  End.  Soc.  of 

Cook  Co 220 

Christian  End.Unions 

of  Chicago 220 

Christian     Organiza- 
tion  220 

Chrysanthemum  Show  366 

Church  Club     260 

Churches 224 

Ch  u  r  c  hes,   Leading, 

Location  of     .         . .  225 
Churches  of  Ante-Fire 

.Days 224 

Churches,  Popular...  225 
Church  Home  for  Aged 

Persons 212 

Cicero  &  Proviso  Elec- 
tric Lines 244 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Cincinnati 479 

Cisco  Bldg 172 

City  and  County  Fi- 
nances  543 

City  and  Environs 408 

City  Charter 366 

City  Clerk's  Office- 
Salaries  229 

City  Collector's  Office 
—Salaries 229 

City  Comptroller's  Of- 
fice—Salaries. ...  229 

City  Department 
Chiefs  228 

City  Elevated  Ry.  Co.  244 

City  Engineering  De- 
partment—Salaries. 229 

City  Express,  Address 
and  Telephones.  .  .  367 

City  Feed  Offices ...   .229 

City  Fire  Department 
—Salaries 229 

City  Hall  Bldg.  (See 
Guide)  172 

City  Hall  Employes' 
Office— Salaries  ...  229 

City  Health  Depart- 
ment—Salaries   230 

City  Law  Department 
—Salaries 230 

City  Map  Department 
—Salaries 230 

City  Missionary  So- 
ciety   221 

City  Officers' Salaries.  228 

City  or  Municipal  Af- 
fairs   228 

City  Parks 233, 430 

City  Police  Court— Sal 
aries 230 

City  Police  Depart- 
ment—Salaries. 230 

City  Public  Works  De- 
partment— Salaries.  232 

City  Railway  Service, 
Cable  and  Horse 
Lines.... 236 

City  Railway  Service, 
Electric  Lines  ....  241 

City  Railway  Service, 
Elevated  Lines 246 

City  Sewerage  De- 
partment—Salaries. 230 

City  Special  Ass.  De- 
partment—Salaries. 232 

City  Street  Depart- 
ment—Salaries   232 

City  Telephones 378 

City  Telephone  De- 
partment—Salaries. 232 

Citizen,  The 401 

Citizens'  Bank  BJdg  .  172 

Clan-nae-gael  Guards  360 


Clarenden  Club 260 

Clark  Street  Theatre .  126 
Clay,  Robinson  &  Co.  494 

Cleveland .  482 

Cleveland, Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis 

Ry 461 

Clifton  House  ...  . .  326 
Clocks  of  the  City  ...  374 

Club  Libraries 347 

Clubs-Athletic,  Sport- 
ing, etc 247 

Club  s — Gentlemen's 

and  family 251 

Clubs— Literary 259 

Club  Litteraire  Fran- 

caise 259 

Clubs— Social       260 

Clubs,  State  Social  Or- 
ganizations   262 

Clubs— Suburban 261 

Clubs— Women's 266 

Cobb's  Bldg 172 

Cobb's  Library 347 

Coin,  Foreign,  How  to 

Exchange 371 

Coin,  Value  of  in  U.  S. 

Money    371 

College  of  Dental  and 

Oval  Surgery 291 

College  of  Dental  Sur- 
gery, The  Chicago..  291 
College  of  Physicians 

and  Surgeons  291 

Columbia  Nat'l  Bank.  152 
C  o  1  u  m  b  i  an  Central 

Hotel      .  ...  326 

Columbia  Theatre  ...  126 

Columbus 482 

Columbus  Buggy  Co. .  504 

Columbus  Club 252 

Columbus     Memorial 

Building 174 

Commerce  Building. .  174 
Commerce  of  Chicago  543 
Commercial  Building  174 

Commercial  Club 252 

Commercial  Ex- 
changes   268 

Commercial  E  x- 
changes,  Miscella- 
neous   271 

Commercial  Hotel 326 

Commercial  National 

Bank 152 

Commercial  National 

Bank  Bldg 174 

Como  Building 174 

Comptoir  Nationel 

d'Escompt  de  Paris.  158 
Concordia  Cemetery . .  201 
Conference  Club  of 

Evanston 264 

XXVI 


Cong,  of  N.  S.  Ceme- 
tery  201 

Congregational  Oub.  260 
Congregation  al 

Churches 225 

Congress  Hotel 324 

Connecticut,  Sons  of.  263 

Conover  Piano 503 

Continental  Hotel 326 

Continental  National 

Bank 152 

Conservatories 127 

Consulates  in  Chicago  372 
Cook  County  Chicago 

Lancers 360 

Cook    County     Court 

House 274 

Cook  County  Hospital  320 
Cook  Co'ty  Judiciary  276 
Cook  County  Normal 

School 296 

Cooper,  H.  N.  &Co..   .  506 

Corbin  Building 174 

Coroner's  Inquest,  1892  548 
Corn  Exchange  Bank.  158 
Cosmopolitan  Club  of 

Evanston 266 

Cost  of  County  Insti- 
tutions   272 

Council  Bluffs 482 

Counselman  Bldg 174 

County  Homes 408 

County  Board 274 

County  Government.  272 
County  Hospital  ..  ..  320 
County  Insane  Asylum  274 
County  Insts.— salary 

lists        272 

County  Jail     v-.  275 

County  Judiciary 276 

County    Officers,  Sal- 
aries 1892 550 

County  Poor  House . . .  275 
County  School  statist- 
ics   294 

Court  House  Bldg  (see 

Guide) 174 

Credit  Company,  The.  401 
Crerar,  The  John  Li- 
brary  348 

Crib  and  Breakwater 

Lights 356 

"Crib"   The 367 

Cricket  Clubs 248 

Criminal  Court  Bldg  174 
Cripple  Creek  Mining 

Co 50g 

Criterion  Theatre  172 

Cronin  Monument       .  314 
Cronkrite,  B.  F.  &  Co.  508 
"Crown,"  Pianos  and 
Organs 509 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Cycling,  Boating  Club 
Houses     247 

Drainage  Canal 
Channel  278 

Eleemosynary     S  u  p- 
port  234 

Cycling  Clubs.                 248 

Drainage  Canal,  cost 

Electric  Club               .    252 

Culver,  Belden  F  509 
Cummins,  B.  F.  &  Co  .  .  509 
Curling  Club   248 

of  276 
Drainage    Canal,    di- 
mensions, capacity, 

Electric  Club  Library  347 
Electric  Fountains  ...  127 
Electric  Lights     .  .  .  .,  234 

Currv,  Charles                509 

etc     .278 

Electric  Li^ht  System  234 

Drainage    Canal,    re- 

versingriver's  flo'v    278 

Elevation  of  Railroad 
Tracks                           367 

Daily  National  Hotel 

Drainage  Canal, 
scheme  of            .  .        276 

Elevators,  Grain  ...  372 

Elo-in                                    416 

Reporter               .    .  .     385 

Drainage  Canal,  sew- 

Elgin National  Watch 

Daily  News  385 

age  276 

Co  367 

Daily  News  Bldg            175 

DrainageCanal, 

Elks  Club                      ..  252 

Daily  News  Fresh  Air 

source  of  polution.  .  279 

Ellsworth  Bldg  175 

Fund   210 
Daily  Sun  TheChic'go  384 

Drainage      and    Ship 
Canal                              276 

Ellsworth's     Chicago 
Zouaves                         360 

Dakota  Flats  311 
Daniel     O'ConnelPs 
Statue  .                           314 

Drake  Fountain  314 
Dramatic  Journal, 
The  Chicago               .  401 

Ellsworth  &  Jones  515 
Ellsworth   Monument  314 
Ely  Biiilding                     175 

Danish  Lutheran  Or- 
phans'  Home  212 

Drexel  Boulevard  432 
Drexel  Fountain   ....  314 

Emergency  Hospital..  320 
Englewood     Infant 

Dauphin  Park     415 
Davis  &  Rankin  509 
Day    Nurseries    and 
Creches  205 

Dreyer,  E.  S.  &  Co.  ...  158 
Drinking  Fountains..  314 
Drives  127 
Drovers'  Journal,  The 

Nursery   .  .212 
Episcopal  Churches  .  .  226 
Episcopal    (Reformed 
Churches)  226 

Dearborn     or    North- 
Western  Observat'y  145 

Chicago     384 
Drovers'   National 

Epstean's  New  Dime 
Museum        .             .  127 

Deaths,  1892  550 
Deering,  William  &  Co  510 
De  La  Salle  Institute     280 

Bank  153 
Drunkenness,     cure 
of                                     330 

Epworth  League  221 
Equitable  Bldg  175 
Erie  Lines                         462 

Delaware,  Sons  of  ...  263 
Department     of    Mis- 

Dry Docks  367 
Dunlap  Hat,  The       .  .  515 

Erring  Woman's  Ref- 
uge    212 

souri  Headquarters  356 
Depots,  Locations  of    408 

Dunlap,  Smith  &  Co..  515 
Dunnin~r    415 

Evan.  Ass'n  of  N.  A. 
(German)           225 

DesMoines  482 
Desota  Block                   175 

Dwight,  Illinois,  The 
Keeley  Institute  330 

Evan.  Luth.  (German 
Churches)      22"6 

Detective  Agencies.  .  .   367 
Detention       Hospital 

Dwight,  Keeley  Insti- 
tute    330 

Evan.  Luth.    (Danish 
Churches)     226 

for  the  Insane  275 
Detroit                                 482 

Evan.   Luth.   (Norwe- 
gian Churches)  226 

Dexter  Bldg  175 
Dime  Savings  Bank      158 

E 

Evan.  Luth.  (Swedish 
Churches)                      226 

Diseases   Fatal   1892      550 

Eagle  The  Chicago    .  401 

Evanston                          417 

Dispatch.The  Chicago  381 
Dispensaries                    205 

Economist,  The   402 
Edgewater               .  .  .     415 

EvanstonClub  266 
Evanston  Boat  Club  .  266 

Distance    of   Chicago 
from    other    Princi- 
pal Cities  367 

Edison  Power  Houses  366 
Education—  Academic 
and  Collegiate  ...   .  279 

Evanston    Country 
Club  266 
Evanston  Live-Saving 

Dog  Exhibitions              127 

Education  —  Business 

Station      ...       .          356 

Donohue  &  Henneber- 

Colleges  .  ...290 

Evanston  Zouaves  .  .  .  360 

ryBldg.  (See  Guide)    175 
Double  Chloride  of 

Education—  Law  290 
Education     Medical      291 

Evening  Journal  389 
Evening  Post                   389 

Gold  Cure  330 
Douglas  Blvd  431 
Douglas  Club  262 
Douglas  Monument..  314 
Douglas  Park         431 
Douglas  Park  Club..     262 

Education—  Musical..  292 
Education—  Public  ...  291 
Education-  -Technical 
Training            ..      .299 
Education—  Theologi- 
cal Colleges          .  .   .  307 

Evening  Post  Bldg.  .  .   176 
Exchange  Bldg  176 
Excursion     by    Cable 
and  Electric  Cars..   128 
Excursions     by    Rail 
and  Water         127 

Downer's  Grove  415 
Dr.  Keeley's  Discovery  330 
Drainage    Canal,    fu- 
ture work  of          .278 

Eggleston  ...416 
Eighth  Day's  Trip           88 
Eleemosynary     Insti- 
tutions       234 
XXVII 

Exhibitors'  Union  Ho- 
tels    326 
Expenses   and    Reve- 
nues of  Cook  Co  272 

GENERAL  INDEX. 


Express,  Baggage, Ad- 
dress and  Telephone  367 

Express*  Companies, 
Location  and  Tele- 
phones   367 

Exposition  Graphic, 
The  . .  . .  402 


Farm  Tools,  The 403 

Farmer's  Review,The  403 
Farragut  Monument.  314 

Fat  Stock  Shows 130 

Federal  Representa- 
tion   308 

Feehanville  Training 

School 306 

Fellowship  Club 252 

Fencing   and  Boxing 

Clubs 248 

Field,  Marshall*  Co's 

Bldgs 184 

Fifth  Day's  Trip 68 

Figaro,  The 403 

Finch  Monument 315 

Fire,  The  Chicago  . .     368 

Fire  Department 310 

Fire     Dept.,   -Central 

Alarm  Office  310 

Fire     Dept.,     Central 

Engine  Houses 310 

Fire  Dept., Equipment 

and  Force 310 

Fire  Dept.,  Head- 
quarters  and  Organ- 
ization   310 

Fire    Dept.,    Pension 

Fund 311 

Fire  of  1871 368 

Fire  of  1874   370 

Fire  Losses,  1892 548 

Fire  Relics 370 

Fire  Relic  Museum.. .  130 

First  Day's  Trip 34 

First  National  Bank.  153 
First    National  Bank 

Bldg.  (see  Guide) ...  176 
First    Nat'l    Bank    of 

Englewood 153 

First  Regiment  Ar- 
mory    358 

First  Regiment 

Battery  D  359 

First  Regiment I.N.G.  358 

Fishing  Clubs 250 

Fishing  and  Summer 

Resorts 370 

Flats    or    Apartment 

Houses 311 

Floating  Hospital 320 

Foreign  Banks, 
Names  and  Loca- 
tions of...  ..  152 


Foreign  Book  Club  . .  267 
Foreign  Cities,  Popu- 
lation of 380 

Foreign  Coin,  value  of 

in  U.S.  Money 371 

Foreign     Consuls    in 

Chicago         372 

Foreign    Mails,  Clos- 
ing of... 436 

Foreign  Money  Order 

System 437 

Foreigners,  Informa- 
tion for  in  regard  to 

Coin.  371 

Foreman  Bros  . .    159 

Forest    Home    Ceme- 
tery  201 

Foundlings  Home 212 

Frazer&  Chalmers...  516 
Free  Employment 

Bureaus,  306 

Free  Hospitals 208 

Free  Kindergartens..  206 
Free  Labor  Bureau...  212 

Free  Library 352 

Free  Nurses 206 

Free  Reading  Rooms.  352 
Free    Sons    of  Israel 

Cemetery 201 

Freie  Presse 392 

Friedman,  J.  &  Co  ...  516 
Fort  Dearborn  Memo- 
rial Statue 315 

Fort   Dearborn  Nati- 
onal Bank 153 

Fort  Sheridan  358 

Fortnightly    Club    of 

Chicago 267 

Fortnightly    Club    of 

Evanston.          267 

Forty  Club 254 

Fountains,  Monu- 
ments, Statues, 312 

Fourth  Day  'a  Trip. . . ,    60 
Fowler,  E.  S.  &  W.  S...  516 

Fox  Lake  417 

French  Literary  Club  259 
Fruit  Buyers  Associ- 
ation  271 

Fruit  and  Vegetable 

Dealers  Association  271 
Fuller,     Charles     H., 
Advertising  Agency  499 

Fullerton  Block  176 

Fulton  St.  Market 372 

Furniture,  The 403 


Gaff  Bldg 176 

Gage  Park 432 

Galena      482 

Galesburg    482 

XXVIII 


Garfield  Blvd 432 

Garfleld  Park     432 

Garfield  Park  Museum  148 

Gar?baldi  Guards 360 

Garrett  Biblical  Insti- 
tute   284 

Gault  House 326 

Gendron    Iron  Wheel 

Co      517 

Geographical  Center.  234 
German  American  Mil- 
ler, The 403 

German  Hospital 322 

German   Lutheran 

Cemetery 201 

German  Old  Peoples 

Home 213 

German  Press  Club..  254 
German  Veterans  ...  360 
Germania  Manner- 

chorClub 254 

Generous Chicagoans  372 

Gillespie  Bldg  176 

Gillette*  Taylor 517 

Girls'  Industrial 
School.South  Evans- 
ton  304 

Girl's  Mutual  Benefit 

Club 268 

GlenEllyn 417 

Glenwood      Training 

School..- :..  306 

Globe,  The  Daily 385 

Globe  National  Bank.  153 
Globe  Savings  Bank . .   159 
Gold  Cure,  spurious  .  331 
Goodrich  Line  Steam- 
ers   346 

Good  Samaritan  So- 
ciety   213 

Goose  Island 372 

Gore's  Hotel 326 

Gormully    &    Jeffery 

Mfg.  Co 517 

Graceland  Cemetery.  201 
Graham  and  Morton 

Trans.  Co 344 

Grand  Boulevard,  ...  432 
Grand  Opera  House  .  130 
Grand  Pacific  Hotel..  326 
Grand  Pacific  Hotel 

Bldg 176 

Grand  Trunk  Ry 462 

Grain  Elevators   372 

Grain     Elevators, 

Capacity  of 546 

Grain,  Flour  and  Pro- 
duce Statistics  546 

Grain,  Flour  and»Pro- 
duce  Transactions..  545 

Grant  Club 254 

Grant  Locomotive 
Works  ..,518 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Grant's    Statue 

Galena 315 

Grant's  Statue,  Lin- 
coln Park  315 

Graphic,  The 403 

Great  Buildings  of 

Chicago 163 

Great  Buildings,  How 

Constructed  28 

Great  Buildings,Steel 

Frame  System 28 

Great  Buildings  o  f 

1892 542 

Great  Clocks  of  the 

City 374 

Great  Northern  Hotel  327 
Great  Northern  Hotel 

Bldg  176 

Greenebaum  Sons, 

Bankers 159 

Gross,  Samuel  E., 

Personal  Sketch  of .  420 

Grossdale  417 

Gross  Park 422 

Grosse  Point  Lights  356 
Groveland  Apartment 

Bldg 311 

Groveland  Building..  176 
Guardian  Angel 

Orphan  Asylum  ...  213 
GuaranteeCo  ofN.  A.  159 
Guide  to  all  Parts  of 

theCity 34 

Guide,  First  Day  34 

Guide,  Second  Day . . .  43 
Guide,  Third  Day....  52 
Guide,  Fourth  Day ...  60 

Guide,  Fifth  Day 68 

Guide,  Sixth  Day  ....  76 
Guide,  Seventh  Day . .  79 
Guide,  Eighth  Day ...  88 
Guide,  Ninth  Day....  99 
Guide, Tenth  Day.  ...  110 

Gun  Clubs 250 

Gunning,  R.  J.  &  Co...  520 

H 

Hack  Rates ..     32 

Hahnemann  Hospital  322 
Hahnemann  Medical 

College 291 

Halls  of  Science 146 

Hamilton  Club     254 

Hammond ...  422 

Hammond  Library ...  347 

Hand-Ball  Courts 250 

Hans  Christian  Ander- 
sen Monument 316 

Harbor  Lights  ...  356 
Harbor,  The  Chicago.  374 
Harding  Bldg 176 


Hardy's    Subterra- 
nean Theatre  137 

Hardy's  Theatre 138 

Hartford  Bldg  176 

Harvard  Club 262 

Harvard  University 

Club 254 

Harvey 423 

Ha verly's  Casino 131 

Havlin's  Theatre 131 

Hay  market  Bldg...  .  178 
Haymarket  Massacre  374 
Haymarket  Square...  374 
Haymarket  Theatre..  131 
Hebrew  Benev.  Soc'y 

Cemetery .    201 

Hebrew  Charity Ass'n  213 
Hell  Gate  Crossing  ..  374 
Helping  Hand,  The..  213 
Henry  DibbleeCo.,The  520 

Herald  Bldg 178 

Herald,  The  Chicago.  392 
Hermitage  (change  to 

"Waubansee")  Club  254 
Hibernian  Rifles.  ..  360 
Highland  Park  Club..  266 

Hill,  F.  H.  Co 520 

Hinsdale   423 

Hirsch  Monument  . .  316 
Historical  Society  Li-  348 

brary 

Historical    Society 

Rooms         131 

Holy    Family  Orphan 

Asylum 213 

Home  for  Cripples 214 

Home  for  Incurables.  214 
Home    for   Self -Sup- 
porting Women 214 

Home  for  the  Friend- 
less  214 

Home  for  Unemployed 

Girls 214 

Homes  for  Working 

Women. 214 

Home  Insurance  Bldg.  178 
Home  Missionary  and 
ChurchExt.  Soc'y..     221 

Home  Nat'l  Bank 153 

Homoeopathic  Hospt'l  320 
Home  of  Industry  ...  216 
Home  of  Providence. .  216 
Home  of  the  Aged.  . .  216 
Honore  Bldg.  (See 

Guide)        179 

Hooley's  Theatre 131 

Horse  Associations  . .  250 
Horse  Market     .   .     . .  374 
Horse  Ry.  Companies  236 
Horse  Show,  the  Chi- 
cago   131 

Hospitals 319 

Hospital  Bldprs 179 

XXIX 


Hospitals,    Character  319 

of 

Hospitals,     complete 

list  of  208 

Hospitals    for    Women 

and  children 320 

Hotels 324 

Hotel     Accommoda- 
tions   324 

Hotel  Brevoort 327 

Hotel  Bldgs.. 179 

Hotels,  ch  aracter  of . .  324 

Hotel  de  Lincoln 311 

Hotel  Drexel     327 

Hotel  Endeavor 327 

Hotel  Grace 327 

Hotels,  hints  to  stran- 
gers     32 

Hotel  Pfister,  Milwau- 
kee   484 

Hotel  Thomson 327 

Hotel  Vendome 311 

Hotel  Wellington  ....  327 

Hotel  Woodruff 327 

Houghton  Flats 311 

House  of  Correction . .  233 
House    of    the    Good 

Shepherd 216 

Rowland  Block 179 

Hide  and  Leather  Na- 
tional Bank 153 

Hyde  Park  Club  254 

Hyde  Park  Conserva- 
tory    .  280 

Hyde  Park  Hotel 327 

Hyde    Park    Literary 

Club 268 

Hyde    Park    Lyceum 

Library 348 

Hull  House  216 

Humboldt  Blvd 432 

Humboldt  Park 432 

Humboldt  Statue.          316 
Hunting,  Fishing  and 

Gun  Clubs 250 

Hussars,  The  Chicago.  359 


Ideal  Club 262 

Idlewild  Club  of  Evan- 

ston 266 

Illinois  Asylum  for 
Feeble  Minded  Chil- 
dren   478 

Illinois  Central    Hos- 
pital for  the  Insane,  478 
Illinois  Central  R.  R..  463 
Illinois  Chart.  Eye  and 

Ear  Infirmary 478 

Illinois  Club 254 

Illinois  College  of 
Pharmacy 291 


GENERAL  IXDEX. 


Illinois  Eastern  Hos- 
pital for  the  Insane.  478 
Illinois    Institute  for 

Deaf  and  Dumb         479 
Illinois    Institute  for 

the  Blind 478 

Illinois     National 

Guard 358 

Illinois N.  ETospital 

for  the  Insane  479 

Illinois  School  of  Agri. 
and  Manual  Train- 
ing School  for  Boys.  306 
Illinois  School  Statis- 
tics      295 

Illinois  Soldiers'  and 

Sailors'  Home  479 

Illinois  Soldiers' 

Orphans'  Home 479 

Illinois  Staats  Zei- 

tung 392 

Illinois S.  Hospital 

for  the  Insane     ...  479 
Illinois  S.Penitentiary  479 
Illinois  State  Peniten- 
tiary           479 

Illinois  State   Reform 

School  479 

Illinois    Steel    Com- 
pany   521 

Illinois  Towns     487 

Illinois  Tract  Library  348 
Illinois  Trust  and  Sav- 
ings Bank     159 

Imports,  Value  of 549 

Illinois     Women's 

Press  Association  .  268 
Independ't  Churches.  226 
Indian     Groupe,  Lin- 
coln Park  316 

Indiana  Club 255 

Indiana,  Sons  of 263 

Indiana  Towns 487 

Indianapolis  482 

Indoor    Base    Ball 

Clubs 250 

Industrial   Bank  of 
Chicago  ...  ...   159 

Industrial  School  for 
Girls    .  ...  303 

Industrial  Training 

Schools  216 

Industries  of  Chicago  544 
Inebriate  Asylums  . . .  320 
Inebriety  a  Disease..  339 

Inebriety,  Cure  of 330 

Ingleside  Flats 311 

Ingraham  Free  Hos- 
pital    322 

Inland  Architect 404 

Inland  Printer 404 

Insane    and   Paupers 
of  Cook  County 548 


Insane     Asylum, 

County 274 

Insane  Detention  Hos- 
pital  275 

Institute  of  Building 

Arts 280 

Insurance    Exchange 

Bldg 179 

Inter-Ocean  Bldg  179 

Inter-Ocean,  The 394 

Inter-State  Exposition  375 

Interior,  The 404 

Internal  Revenue  Col- 
lections   549 

International  Bank...  160 
International    Money 

Order  System 437 

Intramural  Service. . .  236 
Intramural  Traffic,  in- 
crease of 237 

Iowa  Towns 487 

Iron  Age,  The 404 

Iroquois  Club 255 

Irving  Club  of  Irving 

Park 266 

Irving  Park 423 

Irving,  Green  &  Co. . .  521 

Isabella  Bldg 179 

Ivanhoe    Club    of 

Evanston 266 

Ivanhoe  Flats 311 


Jackson 483 

Jackson  Blvd 433 

Jackson  Park 433 

Jail  Diet 375 

Jail,  The  Countv 275 

James  H.Walker  Bldg  179 
Jefferson  Park  ..  423 

Jenkins,  Kreer&Co..  522 
Jewish  Synagogues..  226 
Jobbing  Business  of 

Chicago 544 

John  A.  Logan  Club. .  255 
John  Brown's  Fort. . .  132 
John  Crerar  Library . .  348 
John  M.  Smyth  Bldg..  179 
John  V.  Farwell  Bldg  180 

Joliet 423 

Josephinum,  The  280 

Journal,  Evening  ....  389 
Judiciary  of  Cook 

County 276 


Kaestner,  Chas.  <fc  Co.  522 

Kansas  City 483 

K  e  e  1  e  y    Institute- 
Branches  336 

XXX 


K  e  e  1  e  y    Institute- 
Daily  Life  at  Dwight  340 
K  e  e  1  e  y    Institute- 
Diseases  Treated. . .  332 
K  e  e  1  e  y    Institute— 
Dr.  Keeley's  Discov- 
ery     330 

Keeley  Institute — 
General  Informa- 
tion    330-343 

Keeley  Institute- 
Important  Informa- 
tion  334 

Keeley    Institute- 
Inebriety  a  Disease  339 
Keeley    institute-^ 

Ladies'  Home 335 

Keeley  Institute- 
Location  of  Parent 

House 330 

Keeley    Institute — 

Mild  Treatment,  ..  336 
Keeley  Institute — 

Parent  House 335 

Keeley     Institute — 

Patients 342 

Keeley,    Institute- 
Result  of  Treatment  334 
Keeley     Insti  tute— 
Rules  and    Regula- 
tions      338 

Keeley  Institute,The.  330 

Keeley  League 343 

Keeley  Remedies — 
Fraudulent  Imita- 
tions    331 

Keeley  Remedies- 
Government  recog- 
nition of  334 

Keeley    Remedies — 

How  Discovered  332 
Keeley  Remedies— 

Spurious  GoldCTires  331 
Keeley  Remedies,  The  332 
Keeley,  The  Leslie  E. 

Co 336 

Kenilworth  Flats 311 

Kenosha 423 

Kent  Bldg 180 

Kenwood  Club 255 

Kenwood  Institute ...  282 
Kenwood  Physical 

Observatory 145 

Keokuk     483 

Kimball  Hall  Bldg....   180 
Kimball,  The   W.  W. 

Bldg 180 

Kimball,  W.W.  Co....   522 
King  Alfonso  Hotel. ..  327 
Kitchen  Garden  Ass'n  303 
Knickerbocker  Monu- 
ment       316 

Koch  Bldg 180 


GEXEKAL   ISDEX. 


Kohl    &    Middleton's  463 

Museum 133 

Kosciusko  Monument  312 
Kuh,  Nathan  &  Fisher 
Bldg 180 


Labor  Library 348 

Labor  Temple 180 

Lafayette  Bldg 180 

Lafayette  Club     262 

Lager  Beer  Riots 375 

La  Grange 424 

La  Grange  Club  . .   . .  266 
Lake  and  River  Fron- 
tage   234 

Lake  Bluff 424 

Lake   Excursions 344 

Lake  Forest 424 

Lake  Forest  Univer- 
sity   282 

Lake  Geneva  Fresh 

Air  Association  . .  .212 
Lake  M.  and  Lake  S. 

Trans.  Co        346 

Lake  Shore  &  Michi- 
gan Southern  Ry 466 

Lake  Shore  Drive ...   .  433 

Lake  Steamers 344 

Lake  Street  Elevated 

R.R 246 

LakeTides 343 

Lake  Trips  (short)....  344 

Lake  Trips  (long) 384 

Lakes  and  Rivers  in 

Chicago 234 

Lakeside  Bldg 180 

Lakeside  Club 255 

Lake  Villa 424 

Lakota  Hotel  327 

Lakota  Hotel  Bldg. 
(misspelled  "Dako- 
ta")   175 

La  Salle  Bldg 180 

La  Salle  Club 255 

La  Salle  Monument. ..  316 

Law  Building 180 

Law  Institute  Library  348 
Leading  and   popular 

Preachers 224 

Leading  and  popular 

Ministers 224 

Leavenworth 483 

Lees  Building 180 

Legal  Adviser 404 

Leiter  Bldg   (see 

Guide) 180 

Leland  Hotel 327 

Leland  Hotel  Bldg.. ..  181 
Lemont ,  424 


Lemont  Stone  Quar- 
ries   : . .  375 

Length  and  Width  of 

Chicago 234 

Lexington  Hotel 328 

Lexington  Hotel  Bldg  181 
Lewis  Institute  .  .  282 
Libby  Prison  National 

War  Museum 132 

Libraries— Free    346 

Libraries  of  Chicago.  346 
Libraries,  volumes 

contained  in 346 

Library  Club 259 

Life  Saving  Stations..  356 
Light  Hose,  The  Chi- 
cago  356 

Lighthouses 356 

Lighting  the  city 236 

Lincoln 483 

Lincoln  Club 255 

Lincoln  Park 433 

Lincoln  Park  Palace 

Apartment  House..  311 
Lincoln  Monument...  316 
Lincoln  Nat'l  Bank ...  153 
Lincoln  Street  M.  E. 

Free  Library 384 

Linnaen  Hospital...    .  322 
Literary  Club,The  Chi- 
cago   260 

Little  Hell        375 

Live  Stock  Market ....  490 
Live  Stock   Transac- 
tions    546 

Location  of  Chicago 
with  regard  to  other 
principal  cities.  ..  367 

Lodging  Houses 376 

Logan  Statue 316 

Longest  Street 236 

Lotus  Social  Club 262 

Louisiana,  Sons  of. . .  263 

Louisville 483 

Louisville,   New    Al- 
bany &  Chicago  Ry.  468 
Luddington  Bldg...    .  181 
Luggage,  How  Cared 

For 364 

Lumber    Business   of 

Chicago       376 

Lumber  District  376 

Lumber  Trade  Jour- 
nal   404 

Lumbermen's  Asso. . .  271 
Lyceum  Theatre  134 

M 

Mac-Donald,  Charles..  524 
Madison  Hall  Bldg...  181 
Madison  Street  Opera 

Houfte 134 

XXXI 


Mail,  The  Evening ...     384 

Maine,  Sons  of 263 

Major  Block   .    .    181 

Mailer's  Bldg 181 

Mailer's   Jackson   St 

Bldg    181 

Manhattan  Bldg 184 

Manual   Training 
School  for  Boys,  The 

Chicago 303 

Manual  Training 
Schools  and  Colleges  299 

Manz  &  Co 523 

Margaret  Etter  Creche 

Kindergarten 217 

Marine  Bldg 184 

Marine  Interests 547 

Marine  Traffic   o  f 

Chicago 517 

Market  Squares 376 

Marquette  Club 255 

Marquette  Hotel 328 

Marriages       378 

Marriage  Licenses.   .  549 
Marshall  Field  &  Co's 

New  Retail  Bldg....  184 
Marshall  Field  &  Co's 

Retail  Bldg  ...  184 

Marshall  Field  &  Co's 

Wholesale  Bldg 184 

Marshall  Field  &  Co's 

Old  Wholesale  Bldg.  184 
Martha  Washington 

Home         320 

Mason  &  Davis  Co ....  523 
Masonic  Orphan's 

Home        217 

Masonic  Temple  Bldg 

(See  Guide) 184 

Massachusetts  Society  263 

Mayer  Bldg 185 

Mayors  of  Chicago 378 

Mayor  and  City  Coun- 
cil  228 

May  wood 424 

McCormick  Block. ...     185 
McCoy's  European 

Hotel 328 

McCormick    Harvest- 
ing Co  524 

McGormick    Theolog- 
ical Seminary  ...   .  307 
McCormick  The  o. 

Semy.  Library 348 

Me Vicker's  Theatre..  134 
Me Vicker's  Theatre 

Bldg 185 

Mead&  Coe 527 

Meadowcrof t  Bros . .   .  160 
Medical   Club,  Sotith 

Side 25(5 

Medinah  Temple  Bldg  185 
Mercantile  Bldg 185 


GENERAL,  INDEX. 


Merchant's  Bldg 185 

Merchant's  Loan  and 

Trust  Co    160 

Merchant's    National 

Bank 153 

Mercy  Hospital 322 

Metal  Worker,  The...  405 
Methodist  Church  Blk  185 
Methodist    Epis.  (Bo- 
hemian Churches) ..  226 
Methodist    Episcopal 

Churches 226 

Methodist  Epis.  (Ger- 
man Churches) ....  226 
Methodist  Epis.  (Nor- 
wegian Churches) . .  228 
Methodist  Epis. (Swed- 
ish Churches) 228 

Metropolitan     E 1  e  v  . 

R.  R 247 

Metropolitan     N  a  t '  1 

Bank 156 

Meyer  &    Finck,  Mil- 
waukee    484 

Michael    Reese    Hos- 
pital  322 

Michigan  Ave.  Blvd..  434 
Michigan  Central ...  .  468 

Michigan  Towns 487 

Michigan,  Sons  of 263 

Mid-Continent    Pub- 
lishing Co 527 

Midway  Plaisance          434 

Military     356 

Military  Organiza- 

tions 359 

Milk  Suppy  of  Chicago  378 

Milwaukee         483 

Milwaukee  Ave.  Elev. 

Road 246 

Milwaukee  Ave.  State 

Bank   160 

Ministers,leading  and 

popular 224 

Minneapolis 486 

Minneola  Bldg 185 

Minneola  Club 262 

MinnettClub 262 

Minstrels        134 

Minuette  Club 262 

Miscellaneous     Infor- 
mation   362 

Monadnock  Bldg  (See 

Guide) 185 

Monadnock    Building 

Annex 185 

Monarch  Cycle  Co 527 

MontaukBldg     186 

Montreal    Hotel,    The  328 

Morgan  Park  426 

Morgan  Park  Theo. 

Senary.  Library 348 

Morgue 236 


Monon  Bldg 186 

Moody 's  Church 226 

Morris  Porter  Hos- 
pital  322 

Mosher  Hotel        328 

Mosher  Hotel  Bldg  ..  186 
Mount  Greenwood 

Cemetery 201 

Mount  Hope  Cemetery  201 
Moses  Montefiore 

Cemetery 201 

Mount  Olive  Cemetery  202 
Mount  Olivet  Ceme- 
tery   202 

Mulligan  Monument. .  316 

Munchausen  Club 262 

Municipal    Govern- 
ment .  228 

Municipal  Telephones  378 
Museum  of  Antiquities  148 
"Music" 405 

N 

Naperville 427 

National  Bank  of  Am- 
erica   156 

Nafl  Bank  of  Illinois  156 
Nat'l  Bank  of  the  Re- 
public   156 

Nat'l    Banks,  capital, 

surplus  of ,  etc 149 

Nat'l    Banks,    names 

and  locations  of . . .  149 
Nat'l  Builder,  The ....  405 
Nat't  Conservatory  of 

Music 294  i 

Nat'l     Homeopathic 

College 292  | 

Nafi  Hotel  Reporter.  385 
Nationalists'   Club     .  265 
Nat'l  Live  Stock  Bank  156 
Nat'l  Political  Conven- 
tions in  Chicago 378 

Natural  Gas 378 

Natural  History  Mu- 
seum    134 

Naval  Academy 306 

Nederlander,De  405 

Newberry  Library...  350 

New  Era  Bldg 186 

News  and  Book  Stands  379 
News  Boys  and  Boot 

Blacks  Home 217 

Newsboys'  Club 262 

Newspaper     Circula- 
tion  383 

Newspaper  Libraries.  351 
Newspaper  Mail  Mat- 
ter  383 

Newspapers     383 

Newspaper  Tele- 
phones       378 

XXXII 


Newspapers —Week  1  y 
and  other  Publica- 
tions  400 

News  Record.The  Chi- 
cago   396 

New  York,  Sons  of...  263 

New  Windsor  Theatre  134 

Ninth  Day's  Trip 99 

Nixon  Bldg 186 

Norden 405 

Normal  School,  Cook 
Co 296 

North  Chicago  Street 
Railway  Co 238 

Northern  Assurance 
Co.  of  London.  529 

Northern  Pac.  Ry 470 

Northern  Trust  Co....  162 

North  Pac.  Asso 263 

North  Shore  Club  ...  262 

North  Shore  Electric 
Line 244 

North  Side  Turner 
Hall 140 

North-Western  Chris- 
tian Advocate  405 

Northwestern  College 
of  Dental  and  Oval 
Surgery 284 

Northwestern  Law 
School 284 

Northwestern  Medi- 
cal School 284 

North-Western  N  a  - 
tional  Bank  .  ...  156 

Northwestern  Ora- 
torical League  283 

Northwestern  School 
of  Pharmacy 284 

Northwestern  Univer- 
sity   283 

Northwestern  Univer- 
sity Library 351 

Northwestern  Univer- 
sity, Schools  and 
Colleges 283-284 

Northwestern  Library 
Bldg 284 

Northwestern  L  u  m  - 
bermen  405 

Nurses,  Training 
Schools  for 206 


Oakland  Club 255 

Oakland  Nat'l  Bank . .  156 

Oak  Park   427 

Oak  Park  Club 266 

Oaks  Club  of  Austin . .  266 
Oakwood  Boulevard  . .  434 
Oakwoods  Cemetery . .  203 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


Oakwood     Springs 

Sanitarium 529 

Occident 406 

Odd  Fellows  Orphans 

Home  217 

Office  Buildings,  etc..   163 

Ogden  Boulevard 434 

Ogden  Residence 379 

Ogden  Statue 318 

Ohavey      S  c  h  o  1  o  m 

Cemetery      202 

Ohio  Society 264 

Old  Colony  Building..   186 
Old  People's  Home  ...  217 

Old  University 379 

Olio  Club 268 

Olympic  Theatre 134 

Omaha         486 

Omnibuses 379 

Ontario  Flats     .    312 

Open  Board  of  Trade.  271 
Open  Board  of  Trade 

Bldg 186 

Opera  House  Block...  186 
Orange  Judd,  Farmer.  406 
Orcutt  Company, The.  531 
Orrington  Lunt  Libr- 
ary      284 

Otis  Bldg 188 

Ottawa  Club  262 

Outdoor  Sports 379 

Outlying  Chicago 407 

Owings  Building   (See 

Guide) 188 

Owings,  F.  P.  Block..   188 
Oxford  Bldg 188 


Packing  Companies..  494 
Packing  Town,  Sights 

iii  496 

Pain's  Pyrotechnic 

Spectacles  140 

Palace  Coach  379 

Palette  Club 268 

Palmer  House  328 

Palmer  House  Bldg. . .  188 

Papyrus  Club  260 

Park  Club 255 

Park  Commissionei-s.  429 

Park  Concerts 1X5 

Park  Conservatories.  430 

Park  System 429 

Park  Theatre  135 

Parks  and  Public 

Squares 430 

Parks  and  Squares 

(area)  ...  430 

Parks,  How  to  Reach 

Them 429 

Parks,  North  Side  ...  430 
Parks,  South  Side 429 


Parks,  West  Side...  .  430 
Part    II— General   In- 
formation   123 

Pasteur  Institute...    292 
Peabody,Houghteling 

&  Co  ..    .   .. 162 

Peck  Bldg 188 

Pennsylvania  Lines..  473 
Pensions  Paid  in  Chi- 
cago          549 

Pennsylvania,  Sons  of  264 
People's    Church 

(Thomas') 226 

People's  Institute 380 

People's  Theatre 135 

Permanent  Circus 135 

Peterson  &  Bay 162 

Pettibone,  Mulliken  & 

Co.'s  Works     531 

Pettibone,  P.  F.  Co 532 

Piister  Hotel,  Milwau- 
kee    484 

Phoenix  Bldg 188 

Phoanix  Club 256 

Photo-tint     Eng.    Co. 

The  533 

Plankington     House, 

Milwaukee 484 

Plaza  Apartment  Bldg  312 
Police  Bureau  of  Iden- 
tification   435 

Police  Department...  435 
Police   Detective   De- 
partment  435 

Police  Force,  charac- 
ter of  435 

Police  Force,  strength 

of 435 

Police  Headquarters.  435 

Police  Matrons 435 

Police  Monument  318 

Police  Patrol  System . .  436 
Policemen's     Benevo- 
lent Association         436 
Polytechnic  Schools 

and  Colleges  299 

Pontiac  Building  (See 

Guide) 188 

Poor  House,The  Coun- 
ty            275 

Population  of  Ameri- 
can Cities        380 

Population  of  Foreign 

Cities 380 

Popxilation    of  Towns 

around  Chicago .  487 

Population  Statistics, 

1892    ...  549 

Portland  Block 188 

Postage,  Rates  of        .  437 
Postal  Money  Order 

System    438 

Postal  Officers  438 

XXXIII 


Post,  Evening 389 

PostOffire 436 

Post  Office  Branches..  436 
Post  Office  Building 

(See  Guide)    188 

Post  Office  Foreign 

Mails 436 

Post   Office    Informa- 
tion   436 

Post   Office    Jurisdic- 
tion of 436 

Post  Office  Statistics, 

1892     519 

Potomac     Apartment 

Bldg 188 

Potomac     Apartment 

House .312 

Poverty  in  Chicago...  236 
Practitioners  Club...  256 

Prairie  Farmer 406 

Prairie  Flats     312 

Prairie  State  National 

Bank 156 

Preachers,       Leading 

and  Popular 242 

Presbyt'n  Churches..  228 
Presbyterian  Hospital  323 
Press  Club  Library....  352 
Press  Club  of  Chicago.  256 

Presto,  The 406 

Pridmore,  W.  A  . . .  .532 
Private  Banks,Names 

and  Locations  of....  150 
Produce  Exchange...  271 
Provident  Hospital . .  323 
Public  Charity  .  .  .236 
Public  Deaf  Mute 

School 298  • 

Public  Houses 382 

Public  Institute  Li- 
braries    354 

Public  Kindergartens  298 
Public  Library         ...     &52 
Public  Library  Bldg..   188 
Public  Manual  Train- 
ing Schools  296 

Public  Night  Schools  299 
Public  School  Attend- 
ance, Teachers,  etc.  296 
Public    School  Build- 
ings    .  298 

Public  School  Fads  .  295 
Public  Schoolfor  Blind 

Children 299 

ublic    School  Organi- 
zation  298 

Public  School,  Physi- 
cal Culture 298 

Public  School  Rooms    298 
Public  School  Salaries  299 
Public  School  Statis- 
tics  550 

Public  School  System  295 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Public  School  System, 
cost  of 296 

Public  School  Tea- 
chers    299 

Public  Schools,  Com- 
pulsory Education..  296 

Public-Spirited  Chi- 
cagoai  s 372 

Pulaski  Hall  380 

Pullman 427 

Pullman  Building' 189 

Pullman,  General  In- 
formation Concern- 
ing  438-448 

Pullman,  Guide  to 438 

Pullman  Memorial 
Statue 315 

Pullman  Palace  Car 
Company 448 

"Pullman  Palace  Car 
Company,  Business 
of 448 

Pullman  Palace  Car 
Works 438 

Pullman  Putlic  Libra- 
ry   354 


Quincy 486 


Race  Tracks 135 

Racine 427 

Railroad  Accidents  in 

Illinois 552 

Railroad  Earnings, 

Accidents,  etc..  ..  550 
Railroads  and  Where 

They  Lead  To 448 

Railroads  entering 

Chicago 448 

Railroads  in  Illinois, 

Statistics  of. 552 

Railway  Age,  The.  .  406 
Railway  Brotherhood 

Hospital 323 

Railway  Stations 408 

Rand-McNally  Bldg..  190 

Ravenswood 427 

Ravenswood  Public 

Library 354 

Real  Estate  Board ....  270 
Real  Estate  Board 

Bldg 190 

Real  Estate  Sales,  1892  542 
Real  Estate  Transac- 
tions    542 

Real  Estate  Transfers  542 

Reaper  Block  190 

Reform  and  Religious 

Societies...  ..  477 


Relic  House  Curiosi- 
ties   370 

Relic     House,    Loca- 
tion, etc 380 

Relics   of   the   Great 

Fire 370 

Remington       Type- 
writer  533 

Republic  Life  Bldg.. . .  190 
"Revenge Circular"..  380 

Reynolds  Bldg 190 

Rhode  Island  Society  264 

Rice  &  Whitacre 534 

Richelieu  Hotel 328 

RialtoBldg 190 

Riot  of '77 382 

Ritchie,  W.  C.  &  Co...  534 

River  Forest 427 

Riverside ..427 

Rouges'  Gallery  435 

Roman    Catholic 

Churches 228 

Rookery  Bldg 190 

"  Rookery,"  origin  of 

Name 382 

Rosehill  Cemetery  ...  202 
Rosenberg  Fountain.  318 
Roslyn  Place  Apart- 

mentHouse 312 

Royal  Insur.  Bldg 192 

Rubens    Bldg 192 

Rush  Medical  College.  292 

Ryder  Club      262 

Ryerson  Monument..  316 

S 

Salaries  of  Mayor  and 

Chief  City  Officers..  228 
Salaries    of    Subordi- 
nate City  Officers...  229 
Saloons  in  Chicago...  382 

Saracen  Club 260 

Saratoga  Hotel 328 

Sat.  Evening  Herald..  407 
Savings  Banks, names 

and  locations  of     ..    150 
Sawyer-Goodman  Co.  534 

Schaffner&Co  162 

Schiller  Bldg  192 

Schiller  Hotel        328 

Schiller  Monument...  318 

Schiller  Theatre 135 

School  Children's  Aid 

Society 218 

School   for  Deaf   and 

Dumb 218 

School  of  Oratory 284 

School   of  Sacred  Li- 
terature   222 

Scientific   and    other 

Societies 477 

Scottish  Guards 360 

XXXIV 


Second  Day's  Trip 43 

Second  Reg't,  Band..  359 
Second Reg't Armory.  359 
Second  Reg't,  I.  N.  G.  359 

Security  Bldg 193 

Servite  Sisters  Indus'l 

Home  for  Girls 218 

Seventh  Day's  Trip ...     79 
Seven  O'clock  Club . . .  256 
Shakespeare  Monu- 
ment     318 

Sheridan  Club     256 

Sheridan  Road 382 

Sheridan  Statue 318 

Sherman  House 328 

Sherman  House  Bldg.  329 

Shields  Statue 168 

Ship  Canal 317 

Ship    Canal,    general 

plan  of 276 

Shipping,  Statistics..  547 
Sinai  Con.  Cemetery. .  202 

Single  Tax  Club 256 

Sixth  Day's  Trip 76 

Skandinaven,  The 396 

Sky-Scrapers 382 

Slaughter,  A.  O.  &Co.  163 
Smyth,  John  M.  Bldg.  179 

Societies 477 

Society  for  the  Pro.  of 
Phys.Cult.  and  Cor- 
rect Dress 268 

Soldiers  Monument. . .  319 

Sons  of  Chicago 263 

Sons  of  Connecticut . .  263 

Sons  of  Delaware 263 

Sons  of  Indiana 263 

Sons  of  Louisiana 263 

Sons  of  Maine 263 

Sons  of  Massachusetts  263 

Sons  of  Michigan 263 

Sons  of  New  York        .  263 

Sons  of  Ohio 264 

Sons  of  Pennsylvania  264 
Sons  of  Rhode  Island.  264 
Sons  of  Vermont  . .  .  264 
South  Chicago  Public 

Library 354 

South  Englewood  427 

South  Evanston 428 

South  H  a  1  s  t  e  d  St. 

Bridge 382 

South  Side  Electric 

Lines   . . .      238 

South  Side  Medical 

Club  256 

South  Side  Railway 

Service 238 

South  Side  rapid  Tran- 

sitRy 247 

South  Water  Street 

Commercial  Club...  258 
Southern  Hotel 328 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Southern  Pacific  R.  R. 

'  System 472  j 

St.  Boniface  Cemetery  202 
St.    Elizabeth's     Hos- 
pital     323 

St.  Ignatius  College  . .  286 
St.  Ignatus  College 

Library 354 

St.  Joseph     486 

St.   Joseph's    Asylum 

for  Boys  218 

St.   Joseph's  Prov. 

Orphan  Asplum 218 

St.  Joseph's  Home 218 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital.  323 
St.    Joseph's    Female 
Orphan  Asylum  . .  .  218  | 

St.  Louis   486 

St.  Luke's  Free  Hos- 
pital   323 

St.  Mary's  Block 194 

St.    Mary's    Training 
School  for  Boys....  306 

St.  Paul 487 

St.  Pauls  Home  for 

News  Boys 281 

St.  Vincent's  Asylum.  323 
St.  Vincent's  Matern- 
ity Hospital 323 

St.  Xavier's  Academy  286 
Staats  Zeitung  Bklg. .  194 
StaatsZeitung.Thelll.  392 

Standard,  The 407 

Standard  Club  258 

Standard  Theater 137 

State    Banks,    Names 

and  Locations  of 150 

State   Bank    of  C h  i- 

cago 163 

State  Institutions....  478 
State  Reformatory  for 

Boys     306 

Statistical  I  n  f  o  r  in  a- 

tion 541 

Statistics,  Miscellane- 
ous   548 

Staver  &  Abbott  Mfg. 

Co  536 

Steam  Railroads  Sub- 
urban Service 237 

Stock  Exchange 270 

Stock  Exchange Bldg.  194 
Stock  Exchange  Bldg 

(New) 194 

Stock  Yards 490 

Stock  Yards  Transac- 
tions         546 

Stone  Bldg  194 

Strangers,  Advice  to..  31 
Street  Car  Companies  236 

Studebaker  Bldg 194 

Springfield         487 

Springfield  Bldg 191 


Subterranean  Theater  137 
Suburban  Chicago....  407 

Suburban  Railway 

Lines  and  Depots     .  408 
Suburban  Steam  Rail- 
way Service     . .    ....  237 

Suburban  Theaters...  138 
Suburban  Towns         .  409 
Suburban  Towns,  Dis- 
tance and  how  to 

Reach   409 

Sunset  Club 258 

Sunday  Post 397 

Sunday-School  Librar- 
ies  355 

Swedish  Theo.  Semin- 
ary   28-1 ; 

T 

Tacoma  Bldg 194  ! 

Talcott  Fountain 319 

Tattersalls'  Club 251 

Tattersalls'  Horse  Ex- 
change   271 

Taxable  Val.  of  Cook 

Co.  Property  ...  276 
Technological  Inst...  148 
Telegraph  Service  ...  382 

Telephone  Bldg 194 

Telephones  .    .  .382 

Telephones.  Gen'l  Ex.  367 
Telephones,  Local  Ex.  367 
Telephones,Municipal  378 
Telephones,  News- 

paper 378 

Temperance     Temple 

(see  Guide)  ...  .  194 
Temple  Coxirt  Bldg.. .  194 

Temple,  The 194 

Ten   Daily   Trips 

Around  the  City  ...     34 

TennisClubs         251 

Tenth  Day's  Trip 110 

Teutonic  Bldg  ....  196 
Thayer  &  Jackson 

Stationery  Co 536 

Theatre  Trains 383 

Third  Day's  Trip  ..  52 
Thirty-Fifth  St.  Blvd..  434 
Thomas  Orchestra...  140 
Thomson -Tayl  or 

Spice  Co 538 

Tides  in  the  Lake 383 

Times  Bldg     196 

Times,  The  Chicago..  398 
Timmerman  Opera 

House     138 

Tippecanoe  Club 258 

Title,  Abstracts  of  ...  362 
|  Title  and  Trust  Bldg..  196 

i  Toledo    487 

Tourjee    Conserv.   of 

Music 294 

XXXV 


Towns    Around    Chi- 
cago, How  to  Reach 

Them 487 

Trade  of  Chicago,  1892  543 
Trade  of  Chicago 

since  1850 543 

Trader's  Bldg 196 

Training    School    for 

Boys,  Glen-vood 306 

Tremont  House 328 

Tremont  House  Bldg.  196 
Tribune  Bldg  ....  196 
Tribune,  The  Chicago  398 
Tributary  Cities  and 

Towns 479 

Tues.  Reading  Club. .  260 
Twentieth  Century 
Club.. 260 

u 

U.  S.  Appraisers  Bldg.  196 
U.     S.     Army    Head- 
quarters   356 

U.  S.  Courts  in  Chi- 
cago    310 

U.  S.  Custom  House 

Bldg 196 

U.  S.  Express  Bldg ....  196 
U.  S.  Marine  Hospital  324 
U.  S.  Officers  in   Chi- 
cago  310 

UlichEvan.  Luth. 

Orphan  Asylum 218 

Uncle  Tom's  Cabin  134-140 

Union  Bldg      196 

Union    Business  Col- 
lege   290 

Union    Catholic    L  i  - 

brary 385 

Union  Club 258 

Union  College  of  Law.  295 
Union  League  Club ...  215 
Union  League  Club 

Library.. 355 

Union    National 

Bank 95,156 

Union  Pacific  System  474 

Union  Park     434 

Union  Signal 407 

Union  Stock  Yards  .  490 
Union  Stock  Yards, 

Clay,  Robinson  &  Co  494 
Union    Stock    Yards, 

Desci'iption  of 490 

Union     Stock    Yards 

Exchange  ....  494 

Union    Stock    Yards, 

Guide  to     490 

Union     Stock    Yards 

Transactions 546 

Union   Stock    Yards, 

Wood  Bros 496 

Union  Veteran  Club, .  258 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Unity  Bldg 197 

Uniting  City  and 

County 236 

University  of  Chicago  286 
University  of  Chicago, 

Bldgs 288 

University  of  Chicago, 

Donations  to  ...  287 
University  of  Chicago, 

General  Status 

of 286-288 

University  of  Chicago 

Library 355 

University  of  Chicago, 

List  of  Bequests 287 

University  of  Chicago, 

New    Departure    in 

Education 288 

University  of  Chicago, 

Preparatory  School.  290 
University  of  Chicago 

Rockefeller  Gifts...  287 
University  of  Chicago 

Observatory 146 

University  of  Chicago, 

The  Faculty 288 

University  of  Chicago, 

The  Yerkes  Gift  ...  287 
University,  The  Old, . .  379 
University  of  Illinois  .  290 
University  of  Illinois. 

Alumni  Club  258 

University  Club  258 

University  School 290 

Universalist,  The 407 


Valuation  of  Taxable 
Cook  Co.  Property . .  276 

Van  Buren  Bldg 197 

Venetian  Bldg 197 

Vendome  Hotel  Bldg . .  197 

Vermont,  Sons  of 264 

Vessels,  Arrivals  and 

Clearances 547 

Vessels  Built  in  Chi- 
cago ....    548 

Vessels  owned  in  Chi- 
cago    548 

Veteran    Clubs  and 

Society  362 

Victor  Hugo  Monu- 
ment          319 

Victo  ria  Hotel 328 

Vierling,  McDowell  & 

Co. 500 

Villages  near  Chicago  407 

Virginia  Hotel 328 

Virginia  Hotel  Bldg  .  197 

Visitors  Arrival 31 

Vital  Statistics    550 

Von  Linne   Statue 319 

Vulcan  Iron  Works..  538 


w 

Wabash  R.  R.  Com- 
pany           476 

Waifs'.  Mission  220 

Waldheim Cemetery..  202 

Walker  Museum 149 

Ward  Area  of  Chicago  233 
Washington  Blvd  . .  .434 
Washington  Heights.  428 
Washington  Park  .  434 
Wash'gton  Park  Club.  259 
Washingtonian  Home  320 
Watchmaker's  Insti- 
tute.  304 

Water  Supply,  T  e  m  - 

perature 499 

Water    Towers,    Des- 
cription of 499 

Water  Works  ..497 

Water     Works,    Des- 
cription of 489 

Water    Works,    Four 
Mile     Tunnel     and 

Crib 497 

Water  Works,  How  to 

Reach  Them      .    ...  497 
Water  Works,  Pump- 
ing   Station 497 

Water  Works,  Source 

of  Supply.  ...  498 

Waubansee  Club  (see 
Hermitage  Club....  254 

Waukegan 428 

Waukesha 428 

Waverly  Theatre 140 

Wax  Works 140 

Webster  Club. 262 

Wentworth  Monum'nt  319 
Wesley  Hospital  .  324 
West  Chicago  Street 

Railroad  Co 240 

West     End    Women's 

Club 268 

West     Side    Theatre 

Bldg     197 

West.    Asso.    of    Cal. 

Pioneers  263 

Western  Ave.  Blvd ....  434 
Western  Bank  Note 

and  Eng.  Co.,  The. . .  538 
Western    Bank-  Note 

Bldg 197 

Western  Industry, 

Wealth  and  Trade . .  499 
Western     Refrigerat- 
ing Co 539 

Western  Reserve  Ho- 
tel       330 

Western    Theological 

Seminary 308 

Western  Theo.  Semy. 

Library 355 

XXXVI 


West  Twelfth  St.  Blvd  434 
Western  Wheel  Wks..  539 

Wheeler  Bldg .198 

White,  W.  J.  Chewing 

Gum  Factory  ...  539 
White  W.  J's  Yacht. . .  540 

Whitechapel  Club 259 

Whiting,  Indiana 428 

Wholesale  Bldgs    198 

Wholesale      Business 

of  Chicago 544 

Willard  Hall   383 

William  of  Orange 

Statue 319 

Wilmette 429 

Wilson  Bldg 198 

Winnetka 429 

Wisconsin  Central 

Lines 476 

Wisconsin  Towns 487 

Woman's  Christian 

Temp.  Union (Nat'l)  224 
Woman's  Hospital  324 
Woman's  Temple  (See 

Guide)    ...         194 

Women's  Christian 
Temp.  Union  (Cen- 
tral)   222 

Women's  Club,  The 

Chicago 266 

Women's    Club    of 

Evanston .268 

Women's  Medical  Col- 
lege   292 

Women's  Medical 

School 292 

Women's  Suffrage 

Club 268 

Wood  Brothers 496 

Woodlawn  Park  Club.  266 
World's  Fair  Hotel. ...  330 


Yerkes' Fountain, The  319 
Yerkes'  Telescope  . . .  146 

Yost  Mfg.  Co 540 

Young  Men's  Ch.  Assn  222 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Bldg 198 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Libraries.  355 
Young  Men's  Christ'n 

Asso.  (Scand.) 222 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  of  Engle- 

wood  Bldg 200 

Y  o  u  n  g  Women's 

Christian  Assoc....   222 


Z  i  o  11    Congregation 

Cemetery 202 

Zouaves,  The  Chicago  360 
Zouaves,  Ellsworth  .  360 
Zouaves.TheEvanston  360 
Zoologica1  Gardens . .  104 


INDEX  TO  THE  TEN  DAILY  TRIPS. 

PAGE. 

THE  GUIDE.— TEN  DAILY  TRIPS  ABOUND  THE  MARVELOUS  CITY.  .  .  ?...       28 

INTRODUCTION.— CHICAGO— ITS  RANK  WITH  OTHER  GREAT  CITIES- 
PRESENT  POPULATION — INCORPORATION  AND  LOCATION,  page  23. 
RAPID  GROWTH— SIDES  OR  DIVISIONS,  page  24.  DIVISION  POPULA- 
TION—FOREIGN-BORN CITIZENS— CENSUS  STATISTICS— PRIVATE  AND 
PAROCHIAL  SCHOOLS— AREA  AND  WATER  FRONTAGE— LENGTH  AND 
WIDTH  OF  THE  CITY— GEOLOGICAL— THE  i  FOUNDATION  SOIL— TOPO- 
GRAPHY, page  26.  SEWERAGE  AND  DRAINAGE— CLIMATE— HARBOR  OP 
CHICAGO— MARINE  STATISTICS— MUNICIPAL  GOVERNMENT— SALARIES 
OF  MUNICIPAL  OFFICERS,  page  27.  ARCHITECTURE— CHARACTER  OF 
GREAT  BUILDINGS— How  GREAT  BUILDINGS  ARE  CONSTRUCTED— THE 
STEEL  FRAME  SYSTEM,  page  28.  HISTORICAL,  page  30.  FIRE  OF  1871— 
FIRE  IN  1874 31 

THE  ARRIVAL,  page  31.  Hack  Rates— Cab  Rates— Hotels  in  Chicago- 
Family  Hotels— Good  rooms,  page  32.  A  private  boarding  house 34 

FIRST  DAY.— Starting  from  the  Adams  st.  steps  of  the  Post  Office— We 
look  about  us — Three  times  burned  out — Workings  of  the  Post  Office — 
The  Federal  Ruin— H.  H.  Honore— His  Career  and  Children- 
Kinsley's— Railway  Ticket  Office  District— Scalpers— Lakeside  Build- 
ing— Owings  Building — Washington  Hall — Secret  Societies — Adams 
Express  Building — Commercial  National  Bank — Stock  Exchange — 
European  Hotels — Typical  Restaurants — The  Working  Girls  of  Chi- 
cago—First  National  Bank— The  Tribune  Corner— "School  Section" 
Property  34 

SECOND  DAY.  — Dearborn  and  Madison  Sts.— The  Hartford  Building- 
Home  of  the  Inter-Ocean — Portland  Block — Grannis  Building — Bank- 
ing Houses  on  Dearborn  St. — The  Unity  Building — McCormick 
Block — Boyce  and  University  Buildings — Tremont  House— Dearborn 
St.  Bridge — A  Manufacturing  District — The  Odor  of  Soap — View 
down  Dearborn  St.  from  the  Viaduct— Through  the  Crush  of  S.  Water 
St.— The  Fruit,  Vegetable  and  Poultry  Market— Busy  Scenes— State 
St.  from  the  Bridge— What  Potter  Palmer  Did  for  it 43 

THIRD  DAY.— The  Great  Masonic  Temple— Twenty  Stories  High— De- 
scription of  the  Exterior  and  Interior — The  Magnificent  Vestibule— A 
City  in  Itself —Masonic  Halls— From  the  Roof  Garden— Four  States 
Within  the  Range  of  Our  Vision— The  City  of  Chicago  Spread  Out 
Before  us  Like  an  Open  Book — Birdseye  Views  to  the  North,  West  and 
South — Points  of  Interest— Studying  the  Geography,  Topography  and 
Architecture  of  the  City  at  an  Elevation  of  nearly  Three  Hundred 
Feet 52 

FOURTH  DAY,— The  Elevator  Service  of  the  Masonic  Temple— A  De- 
scription that  Fits  all  the  Great  Buildings — Marvelous  Speed — Recent 
Improvements— Interesting  Figures— Central  Music  Hall— Music 
Colleges— The  Young  Lady  Pupils— Termini  of  the  Horse  and  Cable 
Car  Lines— Marshall  Field  &  Co.— The  New  Building— Something 
About  the  House— The  Great  Retail  Stores  of  State  St.— Corner  Drug 
Stoi-es — What  They  Do  in  Chicago — Buck  &  Raynor's  arid  South  to 
Adams  St 60 

FIFTH  DAY.— State  St.  South  of  Adams— Some  Great  Houses- -Siegel, 
Cooper  <fe  Go's — A  Bazaar  of  All  Nations — Taking  a  Marginal  View  of 
Old  "Cheyenne"— The  Auditorium— Description  and  History  of  the 
XXXVII 


PAGE. 

Great  Structure — Looking1  up  at  it  from  the  Lake  Front — Looking 
Down  from  Its  Tower— Another  Birdseye  View— The  Chicago  Har- 
bor—Four Mile  Crib — Future  of  the  Basin — A  Line  of  Magnificent 

Public  Buildings— The  Auditorium  Hotel  and  Annex  Building 68 

SIXTH  DAY.— Wabash  Ave.— A  Thoroughfare  in  a  State  of  Transition- 
Changes  of  Recent  Years — Residences  Give  Way  to  Business  Blocks 
—The  Handsomest  Street  in  Chicago— Special  Lines  of  Trade  Group- 
ed—The Carriage  District,  Varnish  District,  etc.— Kimball  Building 
and  Kimball  Hall— A  Popular  Composer— Grea  t  Millinery  and  Grocery 
Houses— Gunpowder  and  Cigars 76 

SEVENTH  DAY.— The  City  Hall  and  Court  House— History  of  these 
Great  Buildings — The  Court  House  Bell — What  the  Structures  Cost 
—A  Trip  Through  City  Hall— The  Health,  Detective,  Fire  Alarm, 
Mayor's  Offices,  etc. — The  Central  Station — Reporters'  Room— The 
Public  Library— Over  to  the  Court  House— The  Recorder's,  Sheriff's, 
Coroner's,  Treasurer's,  and  Other  Offices — The  Courts — Divorce  Day 
—Motley  Crowds  in  Attendance 79 

EIGHTH  DAY.— Down  La  Salle  from  Lake  st.— An  Avenue  of  Commercial 
Palaces  —  Marine  Building  —  Jackson  Hall — Metropolitan  Block — 
"Uncle  Jesse"  and  "Uncle  Phil  "—Merchants'  Building — Union 
Building — Chamber  of  Commerce  Building — Its  Beautiful  Interior — 
Marble,  Mosaics  and  Bronze— Tacoma  Building— Otis,  Major,  Repub- 
lic. Bryan  Buildings — The  Temple — Description  of  the  Beautiful 
Structure  —  Calumet  and  Home  Insurance  Buildings —The  Union 
National  Bank  —  Armour  &  Co. — The  Rookery  — Board  of  Trade  Dis- 
trict   88 

NINTH  DAY.— The  Board  of  Trade  District  After  the  Fire— A  Tough 
Neighborhood  —  Through  "Cheyenne"  and  the  "Levee" — In  the 
Depths  of  the  Slums  —  South  Clark  st.  Dives  —  Lodging  Houses — 
"Reconstructed  Cheyenne  "—The  Great  Structures  of  S.  Dearborn  st. 
— A  Thoroughfare  Lined  with  Sky  Scrapers — Chinatown — North  on 
Clark  st.  —  Gambling  Houses  —  Would-be  Sports  —  Bunco  Steerers— 
Confidence  Men — Dale  <fe  Sempill's  Corner — A  Great  Meeting  Place — 
Survey  from  Clark  and  Madison  sts.— North  on  Clark  st.  to  the 
Bridge....- 99 

TENTH  DAY.— A  Circuit  Around  the  Business  Center,  Through  the 
Wholesale  Dry  Goods  District,  Winding  up  on  the  West  Side— The 
Savings  Bank  Failures — Newspaper  Row — Arend's  Kumyss — Great 
Jobbing  Houses— Over  the  Madison  St.  Bridge— Looking  Toward  the 
Setting  Sun— Section  Lines— The  John  M.  Smyth  Building— A  great 
Establishment— The  Haymarket— The  Halsted  St.  Corner— By  Cable 
Car— End  of  Our  Ten  Days' Journey 101 

[See  "GENERAL  INDEX."] 


XXXVIII 


DONOHUE  & 

HENNEBERRY 


Printers 
Engravers 
Publishers 
Book  Binders  and 
School  Supplies 

of  all  kinds 


407=425  Dearborn  Street 

Chicago 


xx  :: 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

DONOHUE  &  HENNEBERRY  BUILDING,  407-425  DEARBORN  ST. 
[See  "Guide.'1] 


CHICAGO 
EVENING 
JOURNAL 


IB  the  Oldest  Newspaper  in  Chicago,  and 
the  Best  Family  Paper  in  the  Northwest. 

It  is  Republican  in  Politics  and  contains 

^m  LATEST  MARKET  REPORTS 

|     J  FULL  TELEGRAPHIC  SERVICE 

ALL  THE   LOCAL   NEWS 

Without  sensationalism,  or  matter  that  cannot  safely 
be  read  by  any  member  of  the  family. 

It  is  the  favorite   Family  Paper   of    the  World's 
Fair  City. 

JOHN  R.  WILSON, 

Publisher. 


XLI 


ALEX.  M.  THOMSON,  PRES. 
E.  A.  DOWNS,  V.-PRES.  JAS.  THOMSON,  SEC'Y  AND  TRHAS. 


THOMSON  &  TAYLOR  SPICE  Go. 


-IMPORTERS  OF- 


Coffees,  Spices,  Indigos,  Seeds 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 

ROAST  AND  GROUND  COFFEES,  SPICES, 

FLAVORING  EXTRACTS, 
DRY  AND  LIQUID  BLUING,         HOPS  AND  SAGE. 


66,  63.  70,  72    MICHIGAN    AVENUE,  COR.   LAKE, 

CHICAGO. 

XLIII 


OTUART     STATIONERY    OO. 


245  antf  247  State  Street,  near  Jackson 

CHICAGO 


ACCOUNT    BOOK 

For  Bankers,  Manufacturers,  Merchants, 
Railroads,  Insurance  Companies,  Etc. 
Largest  assortment  of  high  grade  blank 
books.  Special  forms  to  order  on  short 
notice. 

GOOD  PRINTING 

Everything  needed  for  office  or  advertising 
purposes.  Bank  and  commercial  work 
of  every  kind. 


LITHOGRAPHING 

Checks,  drafts  certificates  of  deposit,  stock  certificates,  bills  of 
ef  change,  investment  bonds,  etc. 

STATIONERY 

O  nplete  office  outfits.  We  are  headquarters  for  everything  in  this 
line,  and  understand  thoroughly  the  requisites  of  a  banking 
office  or  mercantile  counting  room. 

First  Class  Stock,  Fine  Work  and  Reasonable  Prices 


fHAYER    &    JACKSON    STATIONERY    CO.,    CHICAGO 

XLIV 


PREFACE  TO   EDITION   FOR   1893. 


Changes,  which  in  an  ordinary  city  and  under  ordinary  circumstances 
it  would  require  half  a  century  to  bring  about,  have  occurred  in  Chicago 
since  the  first  volume  of  THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  was  compiled  three  years  ago. 
Our  population  has  grown  from  1,098,576  to  over  1,500,000.  Magnificent  new 
buildings  covering  miles  of  frontage  have  been  erected.  Some  of  the  leading 
streets  and  one  entire  section  of  the  city  have  undergone  a  complete  meta- 
morphosis. A  city  of  palaces  has  arisen  in  Jackson  Park.  New  transporta- 
tion lines,  urban  and  suburban,  have  been  established,  and  the  old  oneshave 
been  extended  and  improved.  A  hundred  new  hotels  have  sprung  out  of  the 
ground  as  if  by  magic.  Places  of  amusement  have  quadrupled  in  number. 
The  land-marks  of  three  years  ago  have  disappeared  to  make  room  for 
structures,  the  like  of  which  are  to  be  found  nowhere  else,  and  in  the  busi- 
ness center  of  the  city  entire  squares  have  been  completely  transformed. 

I  have  endeavored  to  keep  pace  with  the  changes  and  improvements 
occurring  on  every  side.  The  present  volume  is  a  complete  revision  of  THE 
STANDARD  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  Experience  has  taught  me  that  in  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  book  many  alteratians  might  be  made  which  would  increase  its 
value  to  the  public.  I  have  made  these  alterations,  while  preserving  in 
every  instance  the  features  which  made  the  editions  of  1891  and  1892  popular 
at  home  and  abroad.  Thousands  of  new  and  interesting  facts  are  introduced 
without  increasing  the  bulk  of  the  volume. 

I  have  not  deemed  it  advisable  to  include  in  this  volume  anything  in  the 
nature  of  a  guide  to  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition.  That  could  not  be 
done  without  greatly  increasing  the  size  of  the  book,  or  intruding  upon  the 
space  allotted  to  departments  having  special  reference  to  Chicago.  The 
Standard  Guide  Company  issues  guides  to  the  World's  Fair,  of  my  compila- 
tion, which  fully  cover  the  great  exposition  and  all  it  contains  in  handy  forms 
and  at  popular  prices. 

Once  again  I  acknowledge  cheerfully  and  publicly  the  invaluable  serv- 
ices rendered  me,  all  unconsciously  perhaps,  by  the  writers  for  the  Chicago 
press.  They  have  penetrated  and  scoured  every  nook  and  corner,  byway 
and  highway,  of  this  great  city,  to  obtain  information  for  the  readers  of 
their  newspapers,  and  I,  in  turn,  have  sifted,  condensed  and  arranged  this 
information  for  the  readers  of  THE  STANDARD  GUIDE.  In  this  connection,  I 
also,  want  to  thank  the  officers,  and  especially  the  secretaries,  of  public  and 
private  institutions,  clubs,  societies,  etc.,  for  much  valuable  information 
furnished  me,  and  for  the  uniform  courtesy  with  which  they  have  received 
and  treated  my  appeals  for  assistance  in  this  compilation. 

THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO,  I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  say,  has  met 
with'a  most  gratifying  reception.  It  has  been  successful  beyond  my  antici- 
pations. Whatever  it  is,  it  represents  my  best  thoughts  and  my  best 
energies. 

CHICAGO.  1893.  JOHN  J.  FLINN, 


GUIDES  AND  HAND=BOOKS. 

THE  TIMELY  AND  POPULAR    PUBLICATIONS   OF  THE  STAN- 
DARD GUIDE  COMPANY. 

RETAIL. 

The    Standard    Guide    to    Chicago  (fully  illustrated,    flexible 

cloth) $1 .00 

The   Standard   Guide   to   Chicago  (fully   illustrated,  flexible 

morocco) 2.00 

Guide  to  Chicago  (limp  cloth,  partly  illustrated) 50 

Complete  Guide  to  Chicago  (cloth,  condensed  edition) 25 

Guide  to.  Chicago  (paper,  condensed  edition) 10 

Hand-Book  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  (fully  illus- 
trated, paper) 50 

Hand-Book  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  (fully  illus- 
trated, cloth) 75 

Hand-Book  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  (fully  illus- 
trated, morocco) 1 .00 

Guide  to  the  World's  Fair  Grounds  and  Buildings  (illustrated, 

paper,  English  edition) 10 

Guide  to  the  World's  Fair  Grounds  and  Buildings  (illustrated, 

paper,  German  edition) 10 

Guide  to  the  World's  Fair  Grounds  and  Buildings  (illustrated, 

paper,  French  edition) 10 

The  Best  Things  to  be  Seen  at  the  World's  Fair  (fully  illus 

trated,  paper) 25 

Souvenir  Views  from  the  World's  Fair  (beautiful  engravings).        .10 

Souvenir  Views  from  Chicago  (beautiful  engravings) 10 

IN    PREPARATION. 

Flinn's  Hand-Book  of  Chicago  Biography  (illustrated  with 

portraits,  cloth)  2 . 50 

Flinn's  Hand  Book  of  Chicago  Biography  (illustrated  with 

portraits,  sheep) 3 . 30 

Flinn's  Hand-Book  of  Chicago  Biography  (illustrated  with 

portraits,  morocco) 5 . 00 

All  of  the  above  publications,  with  the  exception  of  the  con- 
densed guides,  are  beautifully  illustrated  and  embellished  with  maps. 
Peddlers,  agents,  retail  and  wholesale  dealers  supplied.  ADDRESS, 

FLINN   &  SHEPP^RD, 

(The  Standard  Guide  Company.) 

358  Dearhorn  Street,  -  CHICAGO,  U.  S.  A. 

XLVI 


EDWARD  S.  ELY.  JACOB  C.  PRATT. 

PRATT  &  ELY 

REAL  ESTATE  AGENTS 
132  LA  SALLE  ST. 
*^.  CHICAGO. 

and  management  of  Chicago  and  adjacent  Real  Estate, 
tals,  insurance,  and  attending  to  all  details. 

r  of  carefully  answering  all  questions  as  to  Chicago  and 
state. 

fe  loans  without  expense  to  the  lender. 

are  protected  by  prompt  payment  of  taxes,  and  keep  the 
made  through  us,  fully  informed  as  to  all  matters  regard- 
for. 

Arith  us  any  property  you  have  for  sale  or  for  rent. 

ence  as  to  the  opportunities,  in  Chicago,  for  safe  invest- 
tisfactory  income. 

XLIX 

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» 

LA  GRANGE  LAND  ASSOCIATION 

TELEPHONE,  MAIN  5333. 
132  La  Salle  Street,  CHICAGO. 

CAPITAL,  $2,000,000. 

20,000  SHARES,  $100   EACH. 


CHICAGO  TITL.E  &  TRUST  COMPANY,  Trustee. 


This  Association  controls  over  80,000  front  feet  of  choice  residence  and 
business  property,  costing  less  than  $10  per  foot,  which  can  be  retailed 
at  $30  per  foot  and  upward. 

The  land  is  located  in  the  beautiful  village  of  LA  GRANGE,  one  of 
Chicago's  choicest  suburbs,  which  is  on  the  west  of  Chicago,  and  distant 
from  the  center  of  Chicago  only  27  minutes  via  the  C.,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R. 

LA  GRANGE  is  improved  in  a  thorough  and  substantial  manner,  with 
complete  sewer,  water  and  electric-lig-ht  systems;  beautiful  trees  and 
macadamized  streets. 

LA  GRANGE  has  a  population  of  more  than  5,000  people,  which  is 
rapidly  increasing.  (For  further  descriptive  matter  of  LA  GRANGE,  see 
page  424  of  "THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.") 

THE  LA  GRANGE  LAND  ASSOCIATION  is  formed  upon  a  plan 
to  erect  buildings  for  rent,  which  vvri  11  earn  dividends  upon  all  shares,  thus 
enabling1  the  Association  to  hold  its  large  estate  through  the  Trustee,  The 
Chicago  Title  &  Trust  Company ,  and  to  sell  the  property  gradually  as  the 
growth  of  Chicago  and  La  Grange  make  it  required  by  the  public,  in  this 
manner  obtaining  the  best  prices. 

The  shares,  which  are  $100  each,  will  prove  a  very  profitable  invest- 
ment. 

The  Trustee,  The  Chicago  Title  &  Trust  Company,  cash  capital,  $1,500,- 
000,  receives  and  pays  out  all  money,  and  signs  and  issues  the  certificates 
Of  shares  of  THE  LA  GRANGE  LAND  ASSOCIATION. 

Any  one  who  will  carefully  investigate  the  property,  and  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Association,  will  become  convinced  of  the  investment  value  of 
the  shares,  and  that  the  Association  is  formed  on  a  basis  of  trusteeship, 
which  secures  to  the  investor  a  proper  administration  thereof. 

Full  particulars  given  and  property  shown  by  the 

LA  GRANGE  LAND  ASSOCIATION, 
E.  HUNTIN3TON  PRATT,  132  LA  SALLE  STREET, 

SECRETARY.  CHICAGO. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 
E.  HUNTINGTON  PRATT, 

HENRY  N.  COOPER, 

GEORGE  I.  TALBOT, 

DANIEL  W.  BALDWIN, 

JACOB  C,  PRATT. 


Pf\RT  1. 


THE    GUIDE— TEN    DAILY   TRIPS  AROUND  THE 
MARVELOUS  CITY. 


CHICAGO. 

Not  in  the  Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments,  though  bathed  in  all  the 
glorious  colorings  of  Oriental  fancy,  is  there  a  tale  which  surpasses  in  won- 
der the  plain,  unvarnished  history  of  Chicago.  And  it  is  probable  that  even 
the  elastic  credulity  of  childhood,  which  from  generation  to  generation  has 
accepted,  without  question,  the  impossible  adventiires  of  Aladdin,  Ali  Baba 
and  Sinbad  the  Sailor,  would  be  sorely  strained  if  confronted  with  the  story 
which  the  most  prosaic  historian  of  this  remarkable  city  is  called  upon  to 
tell.  Chicago  is  one  of  the  wonders  of  modern  times.  Her  progress 
amazes  mankind.  There  is  not  on  record  an  achievement  of  human  intellect, 
skill  and  industry  that  will  bear  comparison  with  the  transformation  of  a 
dismal  swamp,  in  the  midst  of  a  trackless  desert,  within  the  span  of  a  human 
life,  into  one  of  the  mightiest  and  grandest  cities  on  the  globe.  Chicago, 
ITS  RANK  WITH  Cook  County,  State  of  Illinois,  United  States  of  America,  is 

OTHER  GREAT    the  second  city  on  the  American  continent  in  point  of  pepu- 

CITIES.          lation  and  commerce.  Among  the  cities  of  the  civilized  world, 

it  is  only  outranked  in   population  by  London,  Paris  and  New  York,  in  the 

order  named.    The  U.  S.  census  taken  in  June,  1890,  placed  the  number  of 

inhabitants   at    1,098,576.     The    school    census,  taken   at  the  same    time, 

generally  believed   to    be   far  more    reliable,    increased    the   number   to 

PRESENT         1,208,669.    Since   then   new  districts  have   been  annexed  to 

POPULATION.  the  city,  and  the  former  ratio  'of  increase  has  been  more 
than  maintained,  so  that  a  conservative  estimate  of  the  population  of 
Chicago,  in  the  summer  of  1893,  brings  the  figures  up  to  1,500,000. 
The  City  of  Chicago,  incorporated  March  4,  1837,  comprised  "the  district 
of  country  in  the  County  of  Cook,  etc.,  known  as  the  east  l/2  of  the  south- 
west %  of  section  33,  township  40  north,  range  14  east  ;  also  the  east  %  of 
sections  6,  7,  18  and  19,  all  of  fractional  section  3,  and  of  sections  4,  5,  8,  9  and 
INCORPORATION  fractional  section  10  (except  the  southwest  fractional  % 
AND  LOCATION,  thereof,  occupied  as  a  military  post,  until  the  same  shall 
become  private  property),  fractional  section  15;  sections  16,  17,  20  21,  and 
fractional  section  22,  township  39  north,  range  14  east."  Since  then  there 


24 


GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 


have  been  twelve  extensions  of  the  city  limits.    The  rapid  growth  of  Chicago 
RAPID  has  been  an  enigma  to  those  who  have  not  intelligently  inves- 

GROWTH.  tigated  the  conditions  which  have  led  to  it.  In  reality  it  has 
only  kept  pace  with  the  country  of  which  it  is  the  natural  commercial  cen- 
ter. Situated  as  it  is  on  the  southwest  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  in  41  '  r?2'  X. 
at.  and  87°  52'  W.  long.,  854  miles  from  Baltimore,  the  nearest  point  on  the 

Atlantic  seaboard,  and  '^,417 
miles  from  the  Pacific  ocean, 
directly  on  the  highways  from 
East  to  West  and  from  the 
Great  Northwestern  States  to 
the 

GEOGRAPHICAL  Atlantic ;  hav- 
POSITION.  ing  all  the  ad- 
vantages of  a  seaport  town 
combined  with  those  of  a 
great  inland  feeder,  it  is  not 
to  be  wondered  at  that  within 
the  space  of  half  a  century  it 
grew  from  a  mere  hamlet  to 
the  dimensions  of  a  great 
metropolis.  Before  we  take 
up  our  daily  trips  around  the 
city,  there  ai'e  a  few  points 
which  I  desire  to  impress 
upon  your  mind,  so  that  you 
may  have  an  intelligent  un- 
derstanding of  the  magni- 
tude, geography,  commerce 
and  architecture  of  the  city, 
as  well  as  of  the  divisions  of 
population. 

CHICAGO  RIVER  The    m  a  i,n 
AND  ITS        stem    of     the 
BRANCHES.      Chicago  river, 
with  its  two  branches,  north 
and  south,  divide  the  city  of 
Chicago   into    three    "Divis- 
ions," or  "Sides,"    viz.:    the 
South  Side,  or  South    Divis- 
ion; West  Side,  or  West  Division;  North  Side,  or  North  Division.    Popularly 
.SIDES  OR        the  term  "Sides"  is  used.    The  municipal  term  is  "Divis- 
DIVISIONS.       ion,"  while  legally  they  are  called  "Towns."  that  is,  before 
annexations  were  made,  the  South,  West  and  North  Divisions  were  separate 
townships.    New  townships  have  since  been  added  to  each  of  the  sides.  For 
instance,  Hyde  Park  and  Lake  have  been  added  to  the  South  Division,  Lake 
View  to  the  North,  and  a  portion  of  Cicero  and  Jefferson  to  the  West  Division. 


UNITY  BUILDING.— See  Buildings. 


26  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

The  population  of  the  South  Division,  according  to  the  school  census  of 
DIVISION        1892,  was  515,736;  of  the  West  Division,  645,428;  of  the  North 
POPULATION.      Division,  276,846.    Germans  lead  among  the  foreign  born  peo- 
ple of  Chicago;  the  Irish  come  next  and  are  followed  by  the  Scandinavians, 
Bohemians  and  Poles.    Every  nationality  on  earth  is  represented  here.    It 
FOREIGN-BORN    is  claimed  that  fully  one-third  of  the  population  is  of  for- 
CITIZBNS.       eign  birth.     Nearly  two-thirds  are  of  direct  foreign  origin. 
CENSUS          The  persons  over  21  years  of  age  number  895,847;  under  21 
STATISTICS.      years,  542,163;  between  14  and  21,  138,616;    between  6  and  14, 
191,180;  between  4  and  6,  68,280;  under  4  years,  144,085.    The  number  between 
12  and  21  years,  not  able  to  read  or  write  English,  was  4,458;  the  number 
under  21  years,  obliged  to  work   and   who   could  not  attend  school,  was 
41,946;  the  number  between  7  and  14  who  do  not  attend  school,  was  8,732. 
PRIVATE  AND    The  number  in  kindergartens  was  4,968 ;  number  in  private 
PAROCHIAL       schools,  6,575;  number  in  church  or  parochial  schools,  51,442; 
SCHOOLS.        number  in  business  colleges,  9,271 ;   number  of  colored  per- 
sons of  all  ages,  19,754;  number  of  Mongolians  of  all  ages,  1,476.    Chicago,  in 
1835,  had  an  area  of  2.55  square  miles ;  in  1893  ithas  an  area  of  182  square  miles. 
AREA  AND        The  city  has  a  frontage  on  Lake  Michigan  of  22  miles,and  a  riv"- 
WATER          er  frontage  of  about  58  miles,22>4  miles  of  which  are  navigable. 
FRONTAGE.       The  distance  between  N.  Seventy -first  St.,  being  the  northern 
city  limits,  and  One  hundred  and  Thirty-ninth,  being  the  southern  city  limits, 
is  24  miles.    The  city  at  its  broadest  point  is  10.5  miles  in  width.    State  st.  is 
LENGTH  AND     the  longest  thoroughfare  in  the  city,  running  from  North 
WIDTH  OF  THE  ave.  on  the  North  side,  to  the  southern  city  limits,  18  miles. 
CITY.  Eighty-seventh  is  the  longest  street  running  east  and  west, 

extending  the  entire  width  of  the  city.  The  geographical  center  of  the  city 
of  Chicago  is  located  at  the  intersection  of  Ashland  ave.  and  Thirty-ninth 
st.  The  site  of  the  business  portion  of  Chicago  was  originally  a  marsh.  It 
is  believed  that  Lake  Michigan  covered  at  one  time  almost  the  entire  sur- 
GEOLOGICAL.  face  occupied  by  the  present  city.  Beneath  the  marshy  soil 
is  a  blue  clay,  and  underneath  this  is  a  quicksand.  A  leading  engineer 
maintains  that  Chicago  is  built  upon  a  crust  less  than  thirty  feet  thick,  and 
that  the  weight  of  the  massive  structures  which  have  been  and  are  being 
erected,  may  prove  sufficient  at  some  time  to  break  through.  The  result 
would  be  a  disintegration  of  the  foundation  soil  upon  which  these  buildings 
now  stand  and  a  general  collapse.  This  view,  however,  is  not  entertained 
THE  by  engineers  generally,  although  the  crust  theory  is  admit- 

FOTJNDATION     ted.    Water  is  struck  at  a  depth  of  about  eight  feet.    Found- 
SOIL.  ations  are  made  generally  by  driving  long  piles  into  the  soggj 

soil  or  by  overlaying  it  with  steel  rails  crossed  and  recrossed,  which 
are  filled  in  with  cement,  so  as  to  secure  a  uniform  pressure. 
The  city  of  Chicago  is  level,  but  not  fiat.  There  are  considerable  rises  here 
and  there,  the  most  noticeable  being  the  ridge  which  traverses  the  southern 
TOPOGRAPHY,  portion  west  of  Hyde  Park  to  the  Indiana  line.  All  difficulties 
in  the  way  of  sewering  have  been  overcome  long  since  by  skillful  engineering. 
The  Chicago  river  which  originally  emptied  into,  now  flows  from  the  lake. 


THE   GUIDE.  2? 

The  sewage  is  carried  by  the  river,  in  great  part,  to  a  canal  which  conducts 
SEWERAGE       it  through  the  interior.  It  finally  finds  its  way  into  the  Illinois 
AND  DRAINAGE,  and  Mississippi  rivers.    The  drainage  of  the  city  is  an  inter- 
esting subject,  and  the  plans  for  future  work  in  this  connection  are  of  great 
magnitude  and  involve  the  expenditure  of  many  millions.    The  climate  of 
CLIMATE.        Chicago  is   healthful   and   beautiful,  though  the  weather 
sometimes  goes  to  extremes  in  summer  and  winter.    The  air  is  cool   and 
bracing  through  most  of  the  summer  and  hot  nights  are  very  rare.      The 
mean  barometric  pressure  during  a  period  of  ten  years  was  discovered  by 
the  U'  S.  Signal  Office  to  have  been  29.303  inches ;  the  mean  annual  tempera- 
ture, 40.068;    the  mean  annual  precipitation,  36.64  inches,   and  the  mean 
annual   humidity  of    the    air,  70.9,   100  representing  complete  saturation. 
The  maximum  annual  precipitation  averaged  about  46  inches  during  this  per- 
iod. The  highest  mean  temperature  was  51.40  degrees,  the  lowest  45.42  degrees. 
HARBOR  OF      The  Chicago  River  is  an  unattractive  stream,  but  a  view 
CHICAGO.         from  one  of  the  bridges  which  cross  it,  during  the  season  of 
navigation,  is  interesting.    The  scenes  at  Rush  St.,  Clark  St.,  Dearborn  St., 
Wells  st.,  Lake  St.,  Randolph  St.,  Washington  st.,  Madison  st.,  Adams  St., 
Jackson  st.,  Van  Buren  st.  or  Twelfth  st.  bridges  are  nearly  always  animated. 
It  will  be  a  surprise  to  the  stranger,  whether  American  or  foreign,  to  learn 
MARINE          that  the  arrivals  and  clearances  of  vessels  at  Chicago  harbor 
STATISTICS,      exceed  those  of  New  York  by  fully  50  per  cent. ;  that  they  are 
nearly  as  many  as  those  of  Baltimore,  Boston  and  New  York  combined,  and 
that  they  are  a  fraction  of  over  60  per  cent,  as  many  as  all  the  arrivals  and 
clearances    in  Baltimore,  Boston,  New  York,  New  Orleans,  Philadelphia, 
Portland  and  San  Francisco.     Chicago  has  also  fully  25  per  cent,  of  the 
entire  lake  carrying  trade,  as  compared  with  the  total  arrivals  and  clear- 
ances in  Buffalo,  Detroit,  Duluth,  Erie,  Huron,  Grand  Haven,  Milwaukee, 
Ogdensburgh,  Sandusky  and  Marquette.     The  government  of  the  city  of 
MUNICIPAL       Chicago  is  vested  in  a  Mayor,  elected  for  two  years,  salary 
GOVERNMENT.    $7,000;  and  a  city  council  <?om posed  of  68  aldermen,  or  two 
from  each  of  the  34  wards,  who  receive  a  per  diem  for  actual  services,  the 
total  of  wThich  amounts  to  about  $20,000  annually.    One  alderman  is  elected 
for  each  ward  in  alternate  years.    The  mayor  is  assisted  in  the  performance 
D  SALARIES  or     of  his  duties  by  heads  of  departments  and  bureaus,  as  follows : 
MUNICPAL        Comptroller,  salary  $5,000;  Treasurer,  including  assistants, 
OFFICERS.        $25,000,  and  interest  on  city  deposits,  his  right  to  the  latter 
being  in  dispute;  City  Clerk,  $3,500;  Commissioner  of  Public  Works,  $5,000; 
City  Engineer,  $3,500;  Counsel  of  Corporation,  $6,000;  City  Attorney,  $5,000; 
Prosecuting  Attorney,  $4,000;  General  Superintendent  of  Police,  $5,000;  Chief 
Marshal  of  Fire  Department,  $5,000;  Superintendent  of  Fire  Alarm  Telegraph, 
$3,675;  Commissioner  of  Health,  $4,000;  City  Collector,  $4,000;  Superintendent 
of  Special  Assessments,  $3,500;  Superintendent  of  Street  Department,  $3,500: 
Mayor's  Secretary,  $2,500;  Mayor's  Assistant  Secretary,  $1,500.    The  muni- 
cipal government  of  Chicago  is  conducted  upon  a  more  economical  scale 
than  that  of  any  great  city  in  the  world.    The  salaries  paid  its  highest  and 
most  important  officials  do  not  compare  in  amount  with  the  salaries  received 


28  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

by  lea-Tin^  employes  of  corporations  or  of  prominent  commercial  houses. 
ARCHITECTURE.  The  architecture  of  the  city  of  Chicago  is  striking  and  pecul- 
iar. It  has  been  the  subject  of  world-wide  discussion  for  several  years  past. 
The  term,  "Chicago  architecture,"  has  become  a  familiar  one  to  the  archi- 
tects of  the  universe,  ana  a  word  coined  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  the 
idea,  "Chicagoesque,"  has  now  come  into  common  use.  The  traveled  stran- 
ger, to  whom  the  great  cities  of  the  world  are  familiar, -however  he  may 
become  impressed  with  the  manners  and  customs  of  our  people,  or  with 
their  methods  of  doing  business,  and  however  loath  he  may  be  to  admit  the 
justice  of  our  claims  to  pre-eminence  in  other  respects,  must  acknowledge 
that  this  is  the  best  built  city  in  the  universe  to-day.  For  nearly  twenty 
years,  or  since  the  great  fire  of  1871  swept  over  the  business  center  of  the 
city  and  laid  it  in  ruins,  architecture  in  Chicago  has  been  steadily  advanc- 
CHARACTER  OF  ing,  until  we  are  enabled,  in  this  World's  Fair  year,  to  point 
GREAT  out  some  of  the  grandest  achievements  of  the  art  to  be 
BUILDINGS.  found  on  the  face  of  the  earth.  The  character  of  the  great 
buildings  erected  dimng  recent  years  in  Chicago  demonstrates  that  archi- 
tects have  i-isen  to  the  highest  plane  of  constructive  knowledge.  It  is  not 
enough  to  use  the  material  guaranteed  by  the  maker,  but  Chicago's  archi- 
tects themselves  employ  engineers  for  the  special  purpose  of  examining  and 
testing  each  and  every  piece  and  passing  their  individual  opinion  upon  it, 
HOW  GREAT  in  a  written  report,  and  only  such  as  is  accepted  by  these 
BUILDINGS  ARE  engineers  is  used  in  the  buildings.  So  essential  and  neces- 

CONSTRUCTED.  sary  is  this  department  of  architectural  engineering  consid- 
ered, that  specialists  are  sent  to  the  mills  which  furnish  the  iron  and  steel 
structural  shapes  and  beams  for  buildings,  and  the  metal  is  not  only  tested 
in  the  ingot,  but  the  strength  of  resistance  is  ascertained  for  every  finished 
beam.  The  result  of  all  this  gives  to  Chicago  buildings  which  are  not  only 
theoretically  safe,  but  known  to  absolute  certainty  to  be  safe  down  to 
the  last  cubic  foot  of  masonry  and  the  last  cubic  inch  of  steel.  In  this 
respect  Chicago  is  unique,  and  it  is  a  common  remark  in  eastern  and  for- 
eign cities,  among  those  actively  engaged  in  building,  that  Chicago  to-day 
erects  the  best  built  structures  ever  known,  and  with  the  notable  dis- 
tinction that  she  does  it  with  the  closest  economy  in  material  and  time. 
That  is  to  say,  that  it  is  a  fact  that  in  Chicago  buildings  the  quality  is  bet- 
ter, the  distribution  of  material  is  more  skillful  and  the  buildings  are  natur- 
ally more  reliable.  The  buildings  have  all  been  constructed  fire-proof  to  a 
degree  surpassing  those  erected  under  old  methods.  Not  only  ai-e 
steel  and  iron  used  for  supports,  for  girders  and  for  joists,  but  they 
are  covered  with  fire-clay,  which  is  so  disposed  that  air  chambers 
are  left  next  to  the  iron  or  steel  in  every  case,  making  it  impos- 
sible for  the  metal  to  be  overheated  even  by  the  hottest  fires. 
THE  While  many  of  the  largest  and  handsomest  of  Chicago's 

STEEL  FRAME    buildings  are  constructed    solidly  of  stone,  a  new  system 

SYSTEM.        has  found  much  favor  here,and  is  being  generally  followed  now 

in  the  construction  of  the  mammoth  buildings  known  as  "sky-scrapei-s"  which 

have  given  Chicago  a  new  celebrity.    This  is  known  as  the  steel'  frame  sys- 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

ASHLAND  BLOCK,  N.  E.   COR.  CLARK  AND  RANDOLPH  STS. 
[See  Page  167.] 


GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 


tern,  the  structure  proper  being  erected  from  the  foundation  entirely  inde- 
pendent of  the  walls,  which  consist  of  a  mask  of  terra-cot ta  or  other  mater- 
ial, not  intended  to  serve  as  a  support  for  the  edifice  in  any  way.  The  floors 
consist  of  steel  beams  with  arched  terra  cotta  tile- work  filled  in  between 
them,  and  covered  either  with  the  usual  floor  boards,  or  with  ornamental 
tiles  or  mosaic  woi'k.  The  partitions  are  built  of  hollow  terra  cotta  tiles. 
As  little  wood  as  possible  is  used,  so  that  these  tall  structures  are  as  nearly 

fire-proof  as  they  can  be 
made.  Owing1  to  the  character 
of  the  ground  on  which  Chi- 
cago is  built,  the  construction 
of  the  foundations  of  large 
buildings  is  a  much  more 
serious  problem  than  in  most 
large  cities.  Water  is  en- 
countered at  a  very  slight 
depth  below  the  surface  of 
the  ground.  Piling  was  at 
first  used,  but  experience  de- 
monstrated that  it  did  not 
form  a  satisfactory  founda- 
tion. The  method  now  em- 
ployed is  the  formation  of  a 
solid  sub-structure  of  steel 
beams  or  rails  and  concrete. 
The  steel  pieces  laid  cross- 
wise are  of  a  length  propor- 
tioned to  the  weight  they 
will  have  to  sustain,  and  are 
imbedded  in  concrete.  Other 
beams  or  rails  are  then  laid 
lengthwise,  with  concrete 
filled  in,  and  thus  several 
layers  are  placed  in  position 
until  the  foundation  is  com- 
pleted. Hundreds  of  tons  of 
steel  may  thus  be  imbedded 
in  Chicago  earth  before  the 
walls  of  a  building  are  on 
a  level  with  the  surface. 

And  now,  something  about  Chicago's  history.  It  is  a  wonderful  story, 
HISTORICAL,  though  a  brief  one.  The  salient  facts  are :  Chicago  was  first 
settled  about  1779,  its  first  settler  being  a  fugitive  San  Domingoan  slave 
named  Point  De  Sable.  It  was  known  as  Chicago  Portage  for  many  years. 
The  original  name  of  the  city  was  Checagow,  as  pronounced  by  the  French. 
Its  earliest  residents  were  French  Canadian  fur  traders.  Its  first  citizen  of 
prominence  was  John  Kinzie.  Fort  Dearborn  was  constructed  here  in  1803. 


OWINGS  BUILDING.— See  Buildings. 


THE   GUIDE.  31 

It  was  destroyed  during1  the  war  of  1812  by  the  Indians  in  August  of  that 
year,  after  the  garrison  had  been  massacred  on  the  Lake  shore  in  the  loca- 
lity of  the  neighborhood  now  known  as  Oakland.  The  fort  was  rebuilt  in 
1814.  Illinois  was  admitted  to  the  union  in  1818.  Chicago  was  incorporated 
as  a  city  on  March  4,  1837.  Three  and  a  third  square  miles  of  this  city  were 

FIRE  OF  1871.  burned  over  in  1871 ;  17,450  buildings  were  destroyed ;  98,500 
persons  were  rendered  homeless ;  200  were  killed  and  the  direct  and  imme- 
diate loss  was  over  $190,000,000.  The  insurance  recovered  amounted  to 
$44,000,000.  One  year  after  the  fire  many  of  the  best  business  blocks  in  the 
city  were  rebuilt ;  five  years  after  the  fire  the  city  was  handsomer,  archi- 
tecturally speaking,  than  ever;  ten  years  after  the  fire  all  traces  of  the 

FIRE  IN  1874.  calamity  had  disappeared.  The  second  great  fire  in  Chicago 
occurred  on  July  14,  1874.  This  conflagration  swept  over  a  district  south  of 
Twelfth  st.  and  east  of  State  St.,  which  had  escaped  the  fire  of  '71.  Although 
18  blocks,  or  60  acres,  were  burned  over,  and  although  600  houses  were  des- 
troyed and  the  loss  was  close  to  $4,000,000,  the  calamity  was  never  as  deeply 
regretted  as  it  would  have  been  had  the  district  been  a  safe  one  near  the 
heart  of  the  city.  The  houses  were  nearly  all  wooden  and  were  a  continual 
menace.  This  district  was  soon  rebuilt  in  a  substantial  manner.  There  have 
been  at  intervals  labor  and  communistic  riots  in  Chicago.  Nothing  that  has 
occurred,  however,  has  served  to  check  the  wondroiis  growth  and  prosper- 
ity of  the  city. 

Nearly  every  subject  touched  in  the  above  epitome,as  well  as  every  subject 
touched  in  the  following  daily  trips  around  the  city,  is  referred  to  elsewhere 
in  this  volume,  more  exactly  and  sometimes  in  greater  detail.  I  believe  I 
have  now  given  you  such  information  as  will  enable  you  to  understand 
many  of  the  things  which  it  will  be  my  pleasure  to  tell  you  of  during  our 
daily  excursions. 


THE  f\RRIW\L. 

From  whatever  direction  you  may  come,  before  your  train  reaches  the 
city,  you  will  be  approached  by  one  of  Parmelee's  uniformed  agents,  who 
will,  if  you  desire  it,  take  up  your  railroad  baggage  checks,  giving  you 
checks  or  receipts  in  exchange  for  the  same,  and  undertake  to  deliver  your 
trunks  or  small  baggage  to  any  hotel  or  to  any  part  of  the  city  within  the  old 
limits  for  fifty  cents.  Or,  he  will  give  you  checks  for  the  transfer  of  your  bag- 
gage to  any  of  the  railroad  depots  in  the  city  from  which  it  may  be  re-checked 
to  any  of  the  suburban  villages  or  towns  within  or  without  the  corporate  lim- 
its of  the  city.  Each  additional  trunk,  twenty-five  cents.  For  fifty  cents  he  will 
give  you  a  ticket  which  will  entitle  you  to  transfer  by  omnibus  or  transfer 
coach  to  any  other  railroad  depot,  or  to  any  hotel  in  the  center  of  the  city. 
The  Parmelee  company  is  perfectly  responsible  and  its  agents  may  be  trusted 
fully.  The  stranger  arriving  in  Chicago  for  the  first  time,  if  in  doubt  as  to 
the  course  to  be  pursued,  on  leaving  the  train  should  consult  the  uniformed 
depot  agents,  or  depot  policemen,  who  may  be  depended  upon  for  reliable 
information.  Hansom  cabs,  coupes,  hacks,  carriages,  etc.,  have  stands  out- 


32  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

side  every  depot.    Before  entering  a  vehicle,  make  an  arrangement  with  the 
driver,  so  that  there  may  be  no  misunderstanding. 

Hack  Rates.— For  conveying,  one  or  two  passengers  from  one  railroad 
depot  to  another,  or  for  a  distance  not  exceeding  a  mile,  $1.00;  for  conveying 
one  or  t\vo  passengers  any  distance  over  one  mile  and  less  than  two  miles, 
$1.50;  for  each  additional  passenger  of  same  party  or  family,  50  cents;  for 
two  passengers  any  distance  exceeding  two  miles,  $2.00.  For  each  addi- 
tional passenger  of  same  party  or  family,  50  cents ;  children  between  5  and 
14  years  of  age,  half  fare.  For  use  per  day  of  hackney  coach  or  other  vehicle 
drawn  by  two  horses,  with  one  or  more  passengers,  $8.00.  For  use  of  any 
such  vehicle  by  the  hour,  with  privilege  of  going  from  place  to  place  and 
stopping  as  often  as  may  be  required,  first  hour,  $2.00;  each  additional  hour, 
or  fraction  thereof,  $1.00.  Traveling  baggage  carried  free. 

Cab  Bates. — An  ordinance  passed  by  the  city  council  in  November,  1892, 
provides  that  the  rates  of  fare  to  be  demanded  by  the  owners  or  drivers  of 
cabs  or  other  vehicles  drawn  by  one  horse  or  other  animal  for  the  convey- 
ance of  passengers,  shall  not  be  more  than  50  cents  a  mile,  or  fraction 
thereof,  for  one  or  two  passengers,  and  25  cents  for  each  additional  passen- 
ger for  the  first  mile  or  fraction  thereof.  The  charge  by  the  hour  shall  not 
exceed  75  cents,  and  25  cents  additional  for  each  quarter  hour  after  the  first 
hour.  In  the  case  of  a  vehicle  being  engaged  by  the  hour  and  discharged  at 
a  distance  from  its  stand,  the  driver  will  have  the  right  to  charge  for  the 
time  necessary  to  return  to  his  stand.  In  case  of  attempted  imposition  or 
exorbitant  charges,  call  a  policeman. 

Hotels  in  Chicago  may  be  divided  into  three  classes.  The  first-class 
includes  such  houses  as  the  Auditorium,  Richelieu,  Leland,  Great  Northern, 
Victoria,  Palmer,  Grand  Pacific,  Sherman,  Tremont,  Wellington,  etc.,  etc. 
The  second-class  includes  such  houses  as  Gore's,  Kuhn's,  Windsor,  Grand 
Union,  Saratoga,  Brevoort,  Burke's,  etc.  The  third-class  includes  the  cheap 
grade  of  hotels  to  be  found  on  Clark  and  State  sts.  and  Wabash  ave.  on  the 
South  side,  Madison,  Van  Buren  and  other  streets  on  the  West  side,  and  on 
Wells,  Clark  and  other  streets  on  the  Noi-th  side.  First-class  rates,  $3.00 
per  day  and  up ;  second-class  rates,  $2.00  per  day  and  up ;  third-class  rates, 
$1.00  per  day  and  up.  Outside  of  either  of  the  classes  mentioned  above  there 
are  a  large  number  of 

Family  Hotels,  so  called,  because  they  cater  less  to  commercial  transients 
than  to  regular  hotel  boarders.  Among  these  might  be  mentioned  the  Drexel, 
Woodruff,  Hyde  Park,  Holland,  Lexington,  Metropole,  Virginia,  Plaza,  etc. 
Arrangements  are  usually  made  for  accommodations  at  the  family  hotels  for 
terms  running  from  a  week  to  a  month.  The  visitor  must  bear  in  mind  that 
the  hotels'of  Chicago  are  divided,  in  a  general  sense,  into  two  classes— those 
conducted  on  the  American  and  those  conducted  on  the  European  plan.  In 
the  American  hotels  the  rate  per  day  includes  table  fare  also ;  in  the  Euro- 
pean hotels  the  rate  per  day  covers  rooms  only. 

Good  Rooms  in  the  leading  European  hotels,  or  hotels  where  rooms  and 
meals  are  paid  for  separately,  can  be  obtained  for  from  $1.00  to  $3.00  per 
day.  At  many  respectable  hotels  of  an  unpretentious  class  good  rooms  may 


J 


34  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

be  had  from  50-to  75  cents  per  day.  Restaurant  meals  may  be  had  at  from 
25  to  50  cents.  Hotel  meals  are  serve-.!  at  from  50  cents  to  $1.00.  Should  you 
prefer 

A  Private  Boarding  House,  you  will  have  no  difficulty  in  finding  one  where 
you  may  procure  a  room  with  board  at  from  $5.00  to  $10  per  week.  At  the 
latter  figure,  excellent  accommodations  may  be  obtained  in  any  of  the  best 
neighborhoods  of  the  city.  Boarding  houses  may  be  found  advertised  in 
large  numbers  in  the  daily  newspapers.  If  you  advertise  for  a  boarding 
house,  you  will  receive  numerous  responses.  Select  some  place,  if  possible, 
south  of  Twenty-second  st.,  and  east  of  Wabash  ave. ;  don't  be  afraid  of 
going  too  far  south;  North  of  Chicago  ave.,  and  east  of  Wells  st.;  don't  be 
afraid  of  going  north  or  northeastward ;  west  of  Ashland  ave.,  or  south  of 
Madison  to  Jackson  or  north  of  Madison  to  Park  ave. ;  the  farther  west  the 
better.  Don't  be  afraid  of  getting  away  from  the  center  of  the  city.  Rapid 
transit  is  available  in  all  sections  and  points  of  interest  are  brought  within 
easy  access  by  cable  and  elevated  railroads.  Having  installed  yourself  at 
a  hotel,  a  boarding  house,  or  at  the  home  of  a  friend,  and  put  your 
affairs  in  order,  you  will  doubtless  be  prepared,  and  even  anxious  to  seethe 
city.  If  you  will  follow  me  during  the  next  10  days  I  will  try  to  point  out 
everything  of  interest  and  to  give  you  all  the  information  I  have  been  able 
to  collect  concerning  the  places  we  visit  and  the  sights  we  see. 


FIRST    DfVY. 

Starting  from  the  Adams  st.  Steps  of  the  Post  Office— We  Look  About  Us— 
Three  Times  Burned  Out — Workings  of  the  Post  Office — The  Federal 
Ruin— H.  H.  Honore— His  Career  and  Children  —  Kinsley's— Railway 
Ticket  Office  District— Scalpers— Lakeside  Building— Owings  Building- 
Washington  Hall— Secret  Societies— Adams  Express  Building— Commer- 
cial National  Bank— Stock  Exchange— European  Hotels— Typical  Res- 
taurants—The Working  Girls  of  Chicago— First  National  Bank— The 
Tribune  Corner— " School  Section"  Property. 

We  will  make  our  starting  point  the  first  morning  of  our  journey  on  the 
front  steps  of  the  custom  house  and  post  office,  between  Clark  and  Adams 
sts.  There  is  no  spot  in  the  city  as  unlike  Chicago  as  this.  We  are  in  front 
of  the  least  Chicagoesque  structure  that  could  have  been  selected.  As  time 
goes  here,  it  was  only  a  short  while  ago  that  this  building  was  erected  by 
the  United  States  Government.  The  great  fire  of  1871  had  swept  everything 
before  it  in  the  city's  center.  Granite  and  iron  melted  in  its  path.  The  great 
stone  structure  then  occupied  as  a  post  office,  on  the  N.  W.  Cor.  of  Dearborn 
and  Monroe  sts.,  went  down  on  that  fateful  Sunday  night.  When  the  smoke 
had  cleared  away  the  granite  walls  were  standing  but  the  interior  was 

A  Mass  of  Ruins.— A.  little  later  an  enterprising  theatrical  manager  util- 
ized the  walls  as  a  frame  for  a  theater.  On  that  corner  stood 

The  Adelphi.—It  proved  to  be  the  most  commodious  theatrical  auditorium 
we  had  in  Chicago  for  many  years.  It  became  Haverly's  theater  later  on, 


THE  GUIDE.  35 

and  Patti  sang  from  its  stage  before  an  audience  composed  of  the  elite  of 
Chicago.  Still  later  on  the  First  National  bank  secured  a  lease  of  the 
grounds  (it  is  "school  section"  property  and  the  fee  belongs  to  the  munici- 
pality) and  erected  the  present  magnificent  First  National  bank  building  on 
the  site.  The  stone  used  in  the  bank  building  is  the  same  that  walled  in  the 
the  old  post  office.  After  the  fire  the  post  office  was  moved  to  Wabash  ave., 
south  of  Twelfth  st.  Here  it  was  again  burned  out  in  the  fire  of  1874.  The 
next  move  was  into  the 

Honore  Block  directly  opposite  us  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Adams  and 
Dearborn  sts.  Here,  during  Christmas  week  of  1877,  the  Post  Office  was 
again  burned  out.  The  fire  which  drove  the  post  office  out  of  the  building 
was  one  of  the  most  wicked  ever  witnessed  in  Chicago.  The  weather  was 
intensely  cold.  During  its  progress  the  firemen  moved  around  encased  in 
crystallized  vapor,  and  had  all  the  appearance  of  animated  icicles.  The 
water  congealed  almost  before  it  reached  the  burning  building,  and,  striking 
the  walls,  it  formed  magnificent  figures  in  ice  on  every  window  cap  and 
cornice.  The  figures  in  ice  were 

Fantastic  and  Beautiful,  and  the  moonlight  streaming  down  upon  the 
building  produced  colors  which  gave  the  structure  the  appearance  of  a 
scene  from  the  Arabian  Nights.  Driven  out  of  the  Honore  Block,  the  post 
office  secured  quarters  in  the  uncompleted  building  before  which  we  are 
now  standing.  Architecturally  and  mechanically  this  great  structure  has 
been  a  failure  from  the  first.  Although  costing  in  the  neighborhood  of 
$5,000,000,  it  has  been  an  eyesore  to  the  people  of  Chicago,  a  perfect  blot  upon 
the  architectural  beauty  of  the  city,  and  inconvenient,  inadequate  and 
nnsafe  for  the  purposes  to  which  it  is  dedicated.  When  erected  it  was  sup- 
posed to  be  large  enough  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  Chicago  postal  service 
for  fifty  years  to  come.  Inside  of  ten  years  it  proved  to  be  too  small.  Before 
the  roof  was  on  the  walls  began  to  settle  unevenly;  apertures  through 
which  the  daylight  and  moonlight  streamed,  were  noticeable.  Before  it  was 
a  year  in  service  the  girders  sprung  and  the  costly  tile  flooring  began  to 
loosen  up  and  clatter  beneath  the  feet  of  the  thousands  who  daily  thronged 
the  immense  lobbies.  Aside  from 

The  General  Post  Office  and  its  branches,  there  are  about  sixty  indepen- 
dent post  offices  within  the  corporate  limits  of  the  city  of  Chicago,  each  one 
having  its  own  postmaster,  and  each  one  reporting  directly  to  the  Post  Office 
Department  at  Washington.  The  Postmaster  receives  $6,000  per  annum ;  the 
salaries  of  the  Assistant  Postmaster  and  his  Superintendents  of  Departments 
run  from  $2,400  to  $3,000.  The  salaries  of  clerks  and  accountants  run  from 
$800  to  $1,700,  while  the  salaries  of  carriers  run  from  $600  to  $1,000,  according 
to  length  of  service.  Uncle  Sam  is  an  exacting  employer  and  not  a  particu- 
larly generous  one.  In  no  department  of  the  government  are  his  servants 
paid  well.  Yet,  positions  in  the  post  office  are  sought  after,  and  he  has  no 
difficulty  in  securing  good  men  at  the  prices  named.  The  hours  are  long.  In 
this  post  office  particularly  the  work  is  very  hard,  and  the  employes  for 
the  most  part  are  confined  during  working  hours  to  very  unhealthy 
quarters.  They  have  built  some  iron  and  glass  annexes  on  the  Dearborn  st. 


36  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

front,  in  order  to  secure  more  room.  But  under  no  circumstances  can  the 
present  building  be  made  to  accommodate  the  business  properly  and  a  great 
new  post  office  building,  to  be  located  probably  on  the  lake  front,  is  among 
the  certainties  at  an  early  day.  Yoii  will  notice  that  there  is  a  perfect 
stream  of  life  flowing  through  these  lobbies.  All  around  you  are  signs  which 
direct  you  to  the  windows  or  to  the  departments  you  are  in  search  of. 
Through  the  carriers  entrance,  you  may  look  in  upon  the  distributing  depart- 
ment. That  is  a  busy  hive  in  there.  The 

Distributors  and  the  Carriers  whom  you  see  loading  up  for  their  trips,  are 
bright  looking,  active  men  and  pleasant  fellows,  as  a  rule.  Hourly  deliver- 
ies are  now  made  in  some  portions  of  the  business  center.  Some  of  these 
carriers  have  all  they  can  do  to  serve  one  of  the  great  office  buildings.  In 
some  of  the  great  office  buildings,  two  and  three  carriers  are  constantly 
employed  delivering  the  'mails.  The  days  have  long  since  passed,  in  Chi- 
cago, when  one  cai*rier  can  serve  a  district  covering  a  block  in  the  business 
center.  The  early  morning  mail  is  sent  out  by  a  carrier  who  takes  letters 
only.  He  is  immediately  followed,  over  the  same  route,  by  another  carrier 
who  takes  registered  letters.  Another  follows  him  with  newspapers,  pack- 
ages, etc.  It  used  to  be,  in  the  old  days,  that  the  carrier  would  deliver  his 
route  and  refill  his  bag  with  letters  from  the  boxes  on  his  way  back  to  the 
post  office.  Now  wagons  are  employed  in  the  latter  branch  of  the  service. 
It  is  not  an  unusual  thing  for 

A  Ton  of  Mail  to  be  taken  from  one  of  the  office  buildings  in  a  day.  The 
carrier  no  longer  collects  the  mail.  He  reports  back  to  the  office  for  his  next 
trip  as  speedily  as  possible.  Neither  does  he  find  time  to  arrange  the  mail 
for  his  route.  He  finds  it  arranged  for  him  by  persons  employed  for  that 
purpose.  If  he  has  been  too  long  upon  his  trip,  or  does  not  report  back  on 
time,  he  is  fined.  There  are 

Automatic  Clocks  in  the  office.  As  he  leaves  he  takes  a  key  from  the  "  in '' 
hook,  turns  it  in  the  clock  and  hangs  it  on  the  "out  "  hook.  This  registers 
the  exact  moment  of  his  leaving  the  office  and  the  exact  moment  of  his 
returning.  It  keeps  his  record.  If  he  has  wasted  any  time  during  the  day, 
it  is  discovered  at  night  and  he  is  "  docked  "  for  it.  No,  I  would  not  advise 
any  young  man  to  seek  employment  in  the  post  office.  Down  stairs  is  the 
newspaper  department.  To  the  left  are  the  money  order  and  registry  depart- 
ments. To  the  right  are  the  delivery  windows,  lock  boxes,  mailing  chutes, 
retail  and  wholesale  stamp  departments,  etc.,  etc.  To  our  right  as  we  turn 
toward  Adams  st.  again,  is  the  Postmaster's  office  and  next  door  to  him 
may  be  found  the  assistant  postmaster.  At  the  top  of  the  building  is  the 
chief  post  office  inspector,  the  personal  representative  of  the  Postmaster 
General.  We  are  again  on  the  steps  of  what  has  come  to  be  called 

"  The  Federal  Ruin."— I  mentioned  the  fire  in  the  Honore  biiilding.  The 
Honore  building  is  now  the  Marquette  hotel.  That  is  011  the  corner  to  onr 
right.  In  the  old  days  H.  H.  Honoi-e  was  one  of  Chicago's  most  prominent 
men.  He  was  an  optimist  in  real  estate  matters.  Had  he  been  in  the  mar- 
ket a  few  years  later  he  might  perhaps  have  been  known  as  a  plunger.  He 
was  a  man  of  great  ideas.  He  believed  in  Chicago's  future.  He  believed 


[Engraved  for  the  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

THE  INTER-OCEAN  BUILDING,  MADISON  AND  DEARBORN  STS. 
[See  "  Newspapers."] 


38 


GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 


that  there  was  nothing  too  good  or  too  great  for  her.  He  was  right,  but  he 
was  a  little  ahead  of  his  time.  He  built  the  Honore  block.  It  was  a  marvel 
of  architectural  beauty  in  those  days,  and  was  considered  one  of  the  great- 
est buildings  of  America.  It  is  still  a  handsome  building,  but  it  is  dwarfed 
by  the  magnificent  structures  which  have  risen  in  its  neighborhood. 

H.  H.  Honore  built  the  structure  on  the  same  side  of  Dearborn  st.  just 
one  block  above,  now  known  as  the  Howland  block.  He  was  one  of  the  pro- 
jectors of  Ashland  blvd.  on  the  West  side,  and  when  he  laid  out  that  beauti- 
ful residence  avenue,  people  said  he  was  mad.  It  was  so  far  away  from  the 

center  of  the  city.  He  was 
the  originator  of  the  idea 
which  has  since  prevailed  so 
universally,  of  makftig  a 
street,  an  avenue  or  a  boule- 
vard, or  creating  a  suburb, 
before  offering  property 
along  its  line  or  within  its 
limits  for  sale.  With  this 
idea,  he  brought  treesalready 
full  grown  from  the  interior 
and  planted  them  along  Ash- 
land blvd.  He  laid  out  the 
street,  the  parkways  and  put 
in  the  stone  walks.  He  drew 
a  line  beyond  which  no  build- 
ing should  project.  He  made 
it  compulsory  on  the  part  of 
purchasers  that  no  building 
below  a  certain  cost  should 
be  erected.  He  was  just  on 
the  point  of  receiving  the 
reward  which  his  great  enter- 
prise and  phenomenal  fore- 
thought deserved,  when 

The  Crash  of  '73  struck 
the  city  like  a  tornado,  and 


HAKTFORD  BUILDING — See  Buildings. 


shattered  the  fortunes  of 
thousands  of  Chicago's  best 
and  brightest  business  men.  H.  H.  Honore  never  fully  recovered. 
Many  who  went  .down  with  him  managed  to  pull  through,  and  are  to-day 
among  our  wealthiest  men.  He  died  not  very  long  ago.  His  sons  are  now 
in  the  real  estate  business  in  this  city.  Bertha  Honore  Palmer,  wife  of 
Potter  Palmer  (the  millionaire  hotel  man  and  property  owner)  and  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  World'sColumbian  Exposition, 
a  cultured,  distinguished  and  beautiful  woman,  is  his  daughter.  Another 
daughter  is  the  .wife  of  U.  S.  Minister  Frederick  Grant,  now  representing 
this  Government  at  the  Court  of  Vienna.  Directly  opposite  us  is 


THE   GUIDE.  39 

Kinsley's.—  Everybody  in  Chicago,  rich  and  poor,  knows  Kinsley's. 
Kinsley's  is  a  landmark.  The  poor  know  it,  because  they  hear  so  milch 
about  it,  and  not  because  of  any  personal  experience  they  ever  had  with  it. 
It  is  the  Delmonico's  of  Chicago.  Mr.  Kinsley  has  been  what  is  known  as  a 
caterer  to  the  epicurean  taste  of  tipper  tendom  in  Chicago  for  a  great  many 
years.  He  accumulated  a  great  deal  of  money  by  serving  swell  meals  to 
swell  people,  or  people  who  wanted  to  be  known  as  swells.  It  has  been  for 
many  years,  and  is  now,  quite  the  thing  to  drop  into  that  structure  with  the 
yellow  awnings  and  pay  $7.50  for  a  dinner  that  you  might  get  some  place 
else  for  perhaps  $2.25,  or  less.  This  reminds  me  that  within  a  stone's  throw 
of  us,  are  now  located  the 

Ticket  Offices  of  all  the  great  trunk  lines  of  railways  centering  in  Chicago. 
The  movement  down  this  way  began  about  five  years  ago,  and  it  has  con- 
tinued until  the  old  railway  ticket  center,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Sherman 
House,  is  almost  deserted  by  agents.  But  from  Jackson  st.,  around  the  cor- 
ner, or  the  Grand  Pacific  hotel  to  the  Court  House,  on  both  sides  of  Clark  St., 
you  will  find  all  of  the  ticket  offices  with  a  very  fair  sprinkling  of  scalpers, 
offices.  The  scalper  does  a  thriving  business.  His  signs  are  hanging  on 
the  outer  walls.  He  has  cheap  tickets  for  everywhere.  He  will  buy  your 
tickets,  if  you  have  any  to  sell,  and  give  you  a  fair  price  for  them.  If  you 
want  a  mileage  ticket,  you  can  get  it,  and  he  will  show  you  how  to  work 
yourself  off  on  the  conductor  under  any  alias.  To  our  left  also,  but  diagon- 
ally across  from  the  C.,  B.  &  Q.,  building,  is  the 

Lakeside  Building.— I  am  not  a  very  old  man  nor  a  very  old  Chicagoan, 
but  I  can  remember  the  time  when  the  Lakeside  building  was  the  one  great 
business  structure  in  this  section  of  the  city.  It  may  be  called  the  pioneer 
of  office  buildings.  For  many  years  it  was  too  far  removed  from  the  center 
to  be  popular,  and  about  the  time  that  the  center  itself  moved  toward  the 
south,  it  became  too  old  to  be  popular.  It  is  an  old-fashioned  structure ;  that 
is,  it  is  an  old-fashioned  structure  from  a  Chicago  point  of  view.  It  was  put 
up  after  the  great  fire  of  '71.  It  is  hard  to  realize  now  that  even  at  that  late 
date  passenger  elevators,  or  "lifts,"  as  you  call  them  abroad,  were  not  intro- 
duced into  buildings.  The  Lakeside  building  had  no  passenger  elevator 
until  three  or  four  years  ago.  If  you  wanted  to  go  to  the  roof  you  had  to 
climb  the  stairway.  From  the  beginning  it  seems  to  have  been  the  center 
for  siibscription  book  publishers.  It  was  for  many  year,  and  continues  to 
be  yet,  to  a  certain  extent,  the  rendezvous  for  book  agents.  Here  you  may 
find  the  book  agent  off  duty,  if  it  could  be  imagined  that  anybody  would  look 
^for  a  book  agent  for  any  reason  or  under  any  circumstances.  The  book 
agent  may  be  seen  in  the  Lakeside  building  in  fatigue  uniform.  He  does  not 
wear  his  satchel  nor  his  insinuating  smile..  Beneath  the  Lakeside  building 
is  a  magnificent  restaurant  conducted  by  Mr.  George  Williams,  familiarly 
and  pleasantly  knor.vn  to  the  politicians  of  Cook  county.  To  our  right,  diag- 
onally across  from  the  Marquette  hotel,  is  the 

Owings  Building.— This  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  the  great  office 
buildings.  Its  architecture  is  peculiar,  and  the  piqued  formation  of  its  roof 
distinguishes  it  very  strongly  from  its  surroundings.  The  facade  is  striking 


40  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

and  unique.  The  work  over  the  main  entrance  is  particularly  attractive, 
the  carving  being  some  of  the  finest  to  be  seen  on  any  building  in  the  city. 
To  the  south  of  the  Owings  building  are  a  number  of  office  structures,  all 
great  in  size  but  of  no  particular  prominence  among  the  magnificent  struc- 
tures which  are  to  be  seen  in  this  neighborhood.  On  the  opposite  corner  of 
Dearborn  and  Adams  sts.  is  "The  Fair"  one  of  the  great  general  merchan- 
dise establishments  of  Chicago.  Opposite  "The  Fair"  in  the  center  of  the 
block  on  Adams  st.  is  an  unpretentious  looking  building  known  as 

Washington  Hall. — The  name  has  very  little  signification  when  one  comes 
to  consider  the  objects  to  which  this  building  is  devoted.  It  is  one  of  many 
buildings  of  the  same  character  in  Chicago.  It  is  a  structure  divided  into 
halls  of  various  sizes  for  the  accommodation  of  secret  societies.  Washington 
and  Lincoln  halls  are  two  of  the  largest.  Here  there  are  secret  society  meet- 
ings every  night  in  the  week.  The  lodges  rent  the  halls  for  one,  two,  three 
or  four  nights  a  month,  as  the  case  may  be.  In  these  halls  there  are  nightly 
meetings  of  Masons,  Odd  Fellows,  Knights  of  Pythias,  Knights  and  Ladies  of 
Honor,  Red  Men,  Foresters,  Order  of  the  Iron  Hall,  Royal  League,  Patriotic 
Sons  of  America  and  benefit  societies.  Chicago  has  over  one  thousand 
lodges  of  secret  societies.  The  Masonic,  of  course,  is  the  oldest  and  most 
respectable;  the  Odd  Fellows  come  next;  the  Knights  of  Pythias  next.  The 
Foresters  are  very  strong  and  so  is  the  Royal  Arcanum.  Mutual  benefit 
associations,  with  insurance  departments,  are  very  popular  among  the  peo- 
ple. We  have  now  taken  in  everything  of  interest  to  our  right  and  left  as  far 
as  our  vision  extends.  Let  us  take  a  walk  north  from  Adams  on  Dearborn 
st.  Passing  the  Dearborn  street  front  of  the  Fair,  we  reach  the 

Adams  Express  Building.  This,  was  among  the  first  of  the  great  office 
structures  erected  here.  It  is  a  modern  building  in  every  respect  and  ele- 
gantly finished  from  bottom  to  top.  The  building  is  owned  by  the  Adams 
Express  company,  and  the  general  office  of  the  company  is  located  on  the 
first  floor.  The  next  is  the  Commercial  National  bank  building,  another 
beautiful  structure  of  the  modern  class.  The  main  floor  is  occupied  by  the 

Commercial  National  Bank. —  Bankers  and  brokers  occupy  the  lower 
floors.  The  upper  portion  of  the  building  is  given  over  to  miscellaneous 
office  tenants  The  Commercial  Natjonal  bank  counting  room  is  worthy  of 
a  visit.  The  interior  is  beautiful.  Across  the  street  on  the  opposite  corner 
is  the  Stock  Exchange  building.  The  lower  story  of  this  structure  is 
given  up  entirely  to  stock  operators  and  brokers. 

The  Stock  Exchange  has  quarters  here  and  I  would  advise  a  visit  to  one 
of  its  morning  sessions.  Stock  operation  has  grown  immensely  in  Chicago 
within  recent  years.  Nearly  everything  in  the  speculative  line  is  listed 
here  now.  The  operations  in  local  stocks,  and  particularly  in  street  railway 
shares,  are  frequently  very  extensive.  Immediately  north  of  the  Stock 
Exchange  is  the  Saratoga  hotel.  This  and  the  Windsor,  just  above,  are  the 

Favorite  Stopping  Places  of  the  better  class  of  country  merchants  and 
shoppers.  The  small  towns  within  a  radius  of  500  miles  contribute  largely 
to  the  patronage  of  the  Saratoga  and  the  Windsor.  While  I  am  on  this  sub- 
ject I  might  mention  the  Grand  Union,  which  is  directly  opposite  the  Wind- 


~ 


43  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

sor.  The  prices  charged  for  rooms  run  from  $1.00  to  $2.50  per  day.  The  three 
hotels  mentioned  are  conducted  exclusively  on  the  European  plan  and  the 
g-uests  take  their  meals,  as  a  rule,  in  the  Saratoga  or  the  Thompson  restau- 
rants. The  Saratoga  is 

A  Typical  Chicago  Restaurant  as  regards  its  size  and  the  manner  in  which 
it  is  conducted.  Such  restaurants  are  numerous  in  Chicago.  They  are 
suitable  for  the  reception  of  all  classes,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  and  are  con- 
ducted on  that  thoroughly  independent  American,  or,  to  put  it  more  plainly, 
Chicago  principle,  which  distinguishes  them  from  restaurants  in  any  other 
city  in  the  country.  Probably  nowhere  else  can  young  girls  or  young  ladies 
shopping  down  town  or  employed  in  offices  or  stores,  enter  a  restaurant 
without  exciting  less  attention  than  in  Chicago.  Young  men  and  women," 
and  old  men  and  women  for  that  matter,  jostle  each  other  in  the  struggle  for 
existence  and  independence  in  Chicago.  Dtiring  business  hours,  at  least, 
young  men  and  women  meet  upon  a  common  level.  The  courtesy  which 
distinguishes  the  American  in  all  his  relations  with  womankind,  whether 
in  the  drawing  room  or  on  the  palace  railway  car,  extends  to  the  daily 

Relations  betiveen  the  Sexes  in  Chicago.  The  shop  girl,  the  stenographer 
or  the  female  bookkeeper  is  treated  with  as  much  consideration  as  the 
daughter  of  the  merchant  prince  or  millionaire.  Familiarity,  such  as  one 
would  suppose  might  follow  the  constant  intercourse  of  the  sexes,  does  not 
breed  contempt  in  Chicago  business  circles  where  men  and  women  are 
thrown  together.  The  self-respecting  girl  is  respected  everywhere,  and  the 
Chicago  young  man  is  always  ready  to  take  off  his  hat  to  the  young  woman 
who  carries  herself  as  a  young  lady,  whether  she  works  behind  the  counter 
or  at  the  typewriter.  But  this  is  a  digression. 

Thompson's  Restaurant  is  a  peculiar  institution.  Originally  occupying 
one  store  room  in  the  Tribune  Building,  it  has  extended  down  the  block  to 
the  alley.  I  don't  pretend  to  say  how  many  thousand  men  and  women  are 
fed  here  every  day.  If  I  should  say  six^thousand  people  take  their  luncheons 
here  between  the  hours  of  11  and  3  o'clock  daily,  I  don't  think  that  the  figure 
would  be  an  exaggeration.  Across  the  street  from  the  Stock  Exchange  is  the 

First  National  Bank  Building. — It  is  a  magnificent  structure.  It  is  not 
nearly  as  high  as  many  of  the  buildings  I  will  point  out  to  you,  nor  are  there 
as  many  architectural  adornments  to  be  found  on  its  facade.  But  it  has  an 
air  of  strength  and  solidity  which  must  excite  your  admiration.  You  would 
griess  it  to  be  a  bank  building  even  if  I  hadn't  told  you  so.  Let  us  go  inside. 
We  find  ourselves,  after  passing  up  a  low  flight  of  marble  stairs,  standing  at 
the  entrance  of  what  is  claimed  to  be  the  largest,  most  convenient,  and  most 
elegant  banking  room  in  the  world.  Mr.  Gage  was  the  first  choice  of  the 
projectors  and  stockholders  in  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  for  its 
head.  He  was  its  first  president.  He  positively  declined  to  serve  a  second 
year  because  of  the  immense  amount  of  business  uf  a  private  character 
pressing  upon  him.  He  was,  however,  from  the  inception  of  the  enterprise 
to  its  successful  conclusion,  what  may  properly  be  called  Its  right-hand 
man.  On  the  S.  E.  cor.  of  Madison  and  Dearborn  sts.  stands  the 


THE   GUIDE. 


Tribune  Building.— [See  "Newspapers.'1]  This  building  and  all  the  other 
buildings  on  the  block  surrounded  by  Dearborn,  Madison,  State  and  Monroe 
sts.  occupy  what  is  known  as  school  section  property.  In  the  early  days 
sections  of  land  were  set  apart  in  every  township  as  school  property,  the 
revenues  from  which  were  to  be  devoted  to  the  free  education  of  children. 
This  was  a  wise  and  a  patriotic  provision.  The  system  has  obtained 
thi'oughout  nearly  all  the  states  of  the  union,  but  particularly  in  the  West. 

As  the  needs  of  the  school 
boards  increased  and  the 
erection  of  buildings  in  local- 
ities away  from  the 

School  Sections  became 
necessary,  much  of  this  prop- 
erty had  to  be  parted  with. 
The  money  derived  from 
sales  was  devoted  to  the 
erection  of  school  buildings, 
and  to  r  ^eeting  the  expenses 
of  public  education.  As 
Chicrgo  grew,  the  property 
became  immensely  valuable 
and  the  disposition  to  part 
with  it  very  materially  less- 
ened. The  valuable  blocks 
and  lots  were  retained.  The 
use  of  the  property  upon 
which  the  First  National 
bank  stands  was  given  to  the 
U.  S.  Government  to  accom- 
modate the  custom  house  and 
post  office.  When  the  Gov- 
e  r  n  me  n  t  abandoned  that 
site  it  reverted  to  the  city 
and  became  a  part  of  the  so- 
c  ailed  "school  section." 
All  of  this  property  is  leased 
by  the  city-to  the  holders  and 
is  subject  to  periodical  ap- 
praisements. The  revenue 

derived  from  it  is  very  great,  but,  of  course,  not  sufficient  to  meet  the 
present  expenses  of  public  education  in  this  city.  Of  public  education  and 
what  it  costs  I  will  tell  you  in  another  part  of  the  book. 


BOYCE  BUILDING.—  See  Buildings. 


SECOND    DflY, 

Dearborn  and  Madison  Sts.— The  Hartford  Building— Home  of  the  Inter- 
Ocean — Portland  Block — Grannis  Building — Banking  Houses  on  Dear- 


44  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

born  St.— The  Unity  Building— McCormick  Block— Boyce  and  University 
Buildings — Tremont  House— Dearborn  St.  Bridge  —  A  Manufacturing 
District — The  Odor  of  Soap — View  Down  Dearborn  St.  from  the  Viaduct- 
Through  the  Crush  of  South  Water  St.— The  Fruit,  Vegetable  and  Poultry 
Market— Busy  Scenes— State  St.  from  the  Bridge— What  Potter  Palmer 
Did  for  It. 

The  intersection  of  Dearborn  and  Madison  sts.,  where  we  parted  yester- 
day, is  one  of  the  busiest  in  the  city.  The  great  new  buiding  which  rises  on 
the  southwest  corner  is  known  as 

The  Hartford. — On  this  corner  a  magnificent  structure  was  erected 
immediately  after  the  great  fire  of  1871.  It  was  architecturally  ornate  and 
presented  many  features  which  made  it,  in  its  exterior,  pleasing  to  the  eye. 
The  facade  was  relieved  here  and  there  by  beautiful  ornamentation  and  statu- 
ai\y.  It  was  one  of  the  old  pattern  buildings,  however,  the  first  story  being 
raised  several  feet  above  the  sidewalk.  Like  many  others  of  this  character, 
it  had  to  make  way  before  its  time  for  the  mammoth  office  structures  which 
are  now  found  in  the  business  center  of  the  city.  The  old  building  would 
have  been  an  ornament  to  any  city.  It  is  spoken  of  as  old,  whereas  at  the 
time  of  its  destruction  it  had  not  lived  through  twenty  years.  The  building 
which  takes  its  place,  as  you  see,  is  an  elegant  structure.  The  first  story  is 
of  stone  and  the  remainder  of  the  fourteen  stories  of  terra  cotta.  It  cost 
over  $600,000.  The  first  floor  was  rented  before  the  foundations  were  laid, 
for  $60,000  per  annum.  It  is  occupied  by  the  Chemical  National  bank.  On 
the  opposite  corner  is  the 

Inter-Ocean  Building. — [See  "Newspapers."]  The  corner  which  is  siir- 
mounted  by  a  clock  tower  was  built  in  to  give  a  harmonious  appearance  to  the 
wings  which  front  on  Dearborn  and  Madison  sts.  The  buildings  which  are  thus 
united  wei*e  entirely  reconstructed  with  the  view  of  giving  the  Inter-Ocean 
a  home.  This,  of  course,  was  the  principal  object,  but  another  was  the  trans- 
formation of  what  had  become  old-fashioned  buildings,  into  a  modern  office 
structure.  The  Inter-Ocean  business  office  on  the  corner  is  one  of  the  most 
attractive  in  the  city.  I  have  nothing  of  particular  interest  to  tell  you  con- 
cerning the  buildings  in  the  block  north  of  Madison  st ,  until  we  come  to  the 
Portland  Building  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Washington 
sts.  This  is  an  imposing  structure  of  modern  design.  Built  soon  after  the 
fire,  the  Portland  block  stands  as  a  monument  to  the  energy  of  capitalists 
whose  faith  in  the  future  of  Chicago  was  not  shaken  by  that  overwhelming 
misfortune.  They  had  no  scruples  about  placing  $200,000  in  this  structure, 
which  has  always  ranked  as  a  popular  building  for  the  old  and  conservative 
men  engaged  in  professional  and  mercantile  pursuits.  Next  door  is  the 

Grannis  Building  —Here  is  to  be  found.on  the  first  floor,  the  National  Bank 
of  Illinois,  of  which  Mr.  George  Schneider  is  President.  This  is  one  of  the 
most  substantial  financial  institutions  in  the  country.  The  banking  room 
is  worthy  of  a  visit.  Radical  improvements  in  the  Equitable  building  on 
the  corner  directly  opposite  are  contemplated  as  this  edition  goes  to  press. 
On  the  northeast  corner  is  the  banking  house  of 


40  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

E.  S.  Dreyer  c€  Co. — Mr.  Dreyer  is  among  the  most  prominent  of  Chicago's 
private  bankers.  He  is  an  advanced  thinker  and  is  prominent  in  real  estate 
matters.  On  the  northwest  corner  is  the  private  banking  house  of  Meadow- 
croft  Bros.,  an  old  established  and  reliable  concern.  Just  north  of  E.  S. 
Dreyer's  is  the  Stewart-Clark  building,  and  adjoining  this  is  the  Chemical 
bank  building,  a  handsome  structure,  owned  by  the  Abstract  Safety  Vault 
Company.  We  now  come  to 

The  Unity  Building,  a  sixteen  story  structure  of  steel  and  glass  and  one 
of  the  most  graceful  specimens  of  modern  commercial  architecture  to  be 
seen  here.  This  building  bears  a  name  which  is  familiar  to  all  old  Chica- 
goans.  The  former  Unity  building  was  considered  a  first-class  office  structure 
after  the  great  fire,  but  it  soon  passed  into  the  fourth  or  fifth  class.  The  Unity 
building  is  noted  particularly  for  its  beautiful  golden  vestibule,  and  the 
marble  stairways  which  rise  on  either  side.  Every  floor  in  the  building  is 
finished  alike  in  marble.  The  entire  building  is  heated  and  lighted  with 
electricity  for  tenants.  It  is  the  property  of  the  present  governor  of  the 
State  of  Illinois.  A  great  new  skyscraper  will  be  erected  to  adjoin  this  build- 
ing after  the  Fair.  This  building  will  take  the  place  of 

The  McCormick  Block  which  stands  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Randolph 
and  Dearborn.  The  McCormick  block  has  for  many  years  been  the  home  of 
large  real  estate  concerns,  advertising  agencies  and  weekly  newspapers.  It 
long  stood  out  in  bold  relief  as  one  of  the  finest  office  buildings  in  Chicago. 
Lately  it  had  to  be  entirely  renovated  in  order  to  secure  tenants.  It  has 
many  modern  improvements  now,  but  still  lacks  the  essential  attractions  of 
a  first-class  office  building.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  street,  the  southwest 
coraer  of  the  alley  between  Washington  and  Randolph  sts.  stands 

The  Boyce  Building.— This  structure  replaces  the  old  Stewart-Bentley 
building,  which  was  biiilt  soon  after  the  fire.  On  the  opposite  corner  of  the 
alley  is  the  University  Club  building,  an  elegant  business  structure,  the  top 
floors  of  which  are  occupied  by 

The  University  Club,  a  club  made  up  of  the  graduates  of  the  various 
universities  resident  in  Chicago.  On  the  N.  W.  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Ran- 
dolph sts.  is 

The  Borden  Block,  another  of  the  great  structures  which  have  been 
thrown  into  the  shade  by  the  skyscrapers.  To  our  right  as  we  go  north  on 
Deai'born  st.  is 

The  Tremont  House,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  buildings  we  have  to  pre- 
sent to  the  visitor,  although  it  is  by  no  means  considered  now  a  modern 
building.  The  Tremont  House  dates  back  to  the  time  when  Chicago  was 
little  more  than  a  village.  It  has  three  times  been  destroyed  by  fire.  The 
present  building,  from  an  architectural  point  of  view  as  well  as  from  an 
artistic,  is  far  more  pleasing  to  the  eye  than  many  of  the  greater,  though 
rather  bare  and  bald  structures  which  have  been  erected  in  its  vicinity. 
The  old  style  ornamentation  of  the  exterior  is  a  relief  to  one  who  is  com- 
pelled to  gaze  upon  the  severe  plainness  of  many  of  the  most  important 
buildings  of  the  city.  The  hotel  has  long  been  a  favorite  one  for  families, 
although  it  caters  to  commercial  guests.  It  is  furnished  beautifully  and 


THE   GUIDE.  47 

has  250  rooms.  The  property  belongs  to  the  Couch  estate.  The  .hotel  is 
conducted  by  Alvin  Hurlburt  and  W.  S.  Eden,  who  are  also  managers  of  the 
Great  Northern,  farther  down  the  street.  We  have  now  reached  a  point  on 
Dearborn  st.  \vhei*e  interest  in  the  buildings  ceases.  A  ^lock  farther  to  the 
north  South  Water  st.  is  reached,  and  that  is  an  interesting  thoroughfare 
for  the  visitor  at  any  time  of  the  day  or  at  any  season  of  the  year.  I  speak 
of  it  later  on.  We  might  pass  over 

The  Dearborn  St.,  Bridge  which  will  carry  us  into  the  North  side.  Over 
the  bridge  it  is  Dearborn  ave.  The  street  from  the  bi'idge  to  Chicago  ave., 
which  intersects  it  about  a  half  mile  to  our  north,  has  fallen  into  that  state 
of  transition  where  the  resident  householder  drops  out  and  the  boarding 
house  keeper  steps  in.  Dearborn  ave.,  on  either  side  is  lined  with  boarding 
houses  of  the  good,  bad  and  indifferent  classes.  There  is  a  nice  view  of  the 
river  front  from  the  Dearborn  St.,  bridge.  From  this  point  you  can  see  the 
crowd  surging  across  the  State  st.  bridge  on  the  east  and  the  Clark  st. 
bridge  on  the  west.  If  you  walk  to  the  next  corner  to  'the  north,  and  then 
in  an  easterly  direction,  you  will  be  taken  into  a  great  center  of  industry 
where 

The  Odor  of  Soap  largely  prevails.  All  through  this  district  are  manu- 
facturies  and  warehouses,  mostly  of  that  character  which  employ  heavy 
trucks  and  drays,  and  which,  in  turn,  contribute  to  the  tearing  up  of  pave- 
ments and  the  production  of  mud.  I  will  not  ask  you  to  penetrate  this  sec- 
tion now,  but  you  can  do  so  at  your  leisure.  From  Kinzie  and  Dearborn  sts.  to 
the  north  pier  there  are  some  immense  establishments  which  are  worthy  of 
a  visit,  the  most  notable  being  on  River  st.  where  Kirk's  great  soap  fac- 
tory is  located.  The  Dearborn  st.  viaduct  and  bridge  are  at  a  considerable 
elevation  above  the  common  street  level  of  the  city.  From  the  bridge  or 
viaduct  you  have 

A  Magnificent  View  south  on  Dearborn  St.,  north  on  Dearborn  ave.,  or 
east  or  west  along  the  river  front.  To  your  left  you  see  the  towering  struct- 
ures of  the  grocery  district.  The  site  of  old  Fort  Dearborn  is  covered  now 
with  massive  buildings,  almost  wholly  devoted  to  the  grocery  and  kindred 
lines  of  trades.  Pointing  skyward  above  them  all  is  the  great  Masonic  Tem- 
ple, with  its  twenty  stories  surmounted  by  a  roof  garden.  People  walking  on 
the  roof  of  this  building  taking  a  bird's  eye  view  of  the  city  below,  look  like 
flies  at  this  distance.  The  great  Unity  Building  down  Dearborn  st  ,  is 

A  Towering  Silhouette  against  the  leaden  sky,  The  Ashland  block,  on  the 
Cor.  Clark  and  Randolph  sts.,  and  the  Schiller  building,  both  to  your  right, 
the  great  Monadnock  structure  further  to  the  south,  and  the  equally  great 
Manhattan,  still  further  down,  with  the  shadowy  forms  of  the  Monon  and  the 
Pontiac,  all  rise  before  you.  If  the  atmosphere  is  clear,  you  have  a  full  per- 
spective of  Dearborn  st.  to  the  Polk  st.  depot,  with  its  graceful  tower,  a 
thoroughfare  that  is  lined  with  more  great  buildings  than  any  other  perhaps 
in  the  world.  But,  retracing  our  steps,  we  will  endeavor  to  penetrate  one 
block  at  least  of 

South  Water  Street.— This  street  for  a  half  a  dozen  blocks  is  given  over 
wholly  to  the  vegetable,  fruit  and  poultry  trade.  It  is  the  great  market  of 


•IN 


GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 


distribution  for  the  fruit  growers  of  the  south  and  west,  and  for  the  market 
gardeners  and  the  poultry  raisers  of  all  sections  of  the  country.  We  find  it 
in  a  state  of  blockade,  as  usual.  It  is  a  matter  of  surprise  to  people  unac- 
quainted with  this  street  that  a  wagon  or  a  human  being,  having  once  got- 
ten into  the  tangle,  can  possibly  ever  get  out  of  it.  It  would  be  ail  your  life 
is  worth  to  venture  down  the  middle  of  it,  and  you  can  only  pass  along  the 
sidewalks  by  climbing  over  fruit  boxes,  chicken  crates  and  barrels.  There 
is  a  mixed  odor  here  of  strawberries,  onions,  California  grapes,  Florida 

oranges,  pickles,  saner- 
kraut,  hay,  wet  straw,  fish 
and  eggs  of  uncertain  age. 
The  warehouses  on  the 
north  side  of  the  street  back 
upon  the  river,  which,  of 
course,  proves  to  be  a  valu- 
able adjunct  to  the  business 
done  here.  The  river  is 

A  Mighty  Sewer,  and 
serves  to  carry  away  a 
great  deal  of  the  perishable 
matter  that  has  perished, 
in  transit  or  in  stock.  All 
business  done  along  here 
is  strictly  "on  commis- 
sion." The  fruit  growers, 
vegetable  growers,  market 
gardeners  and  poultry 
raisers  of  the  South  and 
West  consign  their  produce 
for  sale  here.  Generally  it 
is  sold  at  the  market  price 
before  night  sets  in,  and 
the  net  results  are  for- 
warded with  striking 
promptness  before  the  biisi- 
ness  of  the  day  is  ended.  A 
day's  business  constitutes 
an  epoch  on  South  Water 
st.  Every  day  opens 

practically  with  a  new  stock  on  hand  and  closes  with  remittances  to  the 
consignors.  The  produce  received  this  morning,  particularly  if  it  is  perish- 
able, must  be  sold  out  and  removed  at  some  price  before  night.  Along 
here,  particularly  as  we  approach  the  corner  of  State  st.,  are  the  great 

Italian 

Depots  for  Oranges  and  Bananas.— These  are  wholesale  supply  houses. 
Immense  quantities  of  tropical  and  semi-tropical  fruit  are  distributed  in 
Chicago.  Refrigerator  cars  bring  these  fruits  from  the  Atlantic,  the  Gulf 


TITLE  AND  TRUST  BUILDINGS. —  SEE  BUILDINGS. 


50  GUIDE    TO   CHICAGO. 

and  Pacific  ports.  Throug-hcmt  the  summer  long-  trains  arrive  from  California 
and  Louisiana  loaded  down  exclusively  with  fruits  or  melons.  It  is  not  an 
unusual  thing  for  75  and  100  car  loads  of  California  pears  and  peaches  to 
arrive  in  a  single  day.  Business  opens  up  on  South  Water  st.  long  before 
the  city  in  general  is  awake.  Through  the  small  hours  of  the  night  the 
refrigerator  cars  lying  in  the  railroad  yards  are  being  emptied  into  trucks. 
These  trucks  convey  the  fruit  and  vegetables  to  the  South  Water  st.  com- 
mission men.  Here,  as  early  as  3  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the  street  is 

Alive  with  Buyers  and  Sellers.— Marketing  is  done  for  the  great  hotles  of 
Chicago  usually  before  daylight.  The  thousands  of  fruit  stands  throughout 
the  city  obtain  their  supplies  here,  as  well  as  the  thousands  of  vegetable 
dealers,  before  the  business  of  the  city  is  under  way.  There  are  long  hours 
for  everybody  doing  business  on  South  Water  st.  Proprietors  and  employes 
are  usually  at  their  posts  from  4  o'clock  in  the  morning  until  6  o'clock  in  the 
evening.  The  butter  and  egg  exchange,  the  produce  exchange,  the  rooms  of 
the  Fruit  Growers'  Association,  where  heavy  transactions  take  place,  are 
all  located  in  this  vicinity.  The  great  meat  markets  of  the  city  are  located 
elsewhere,  and  we  wrill  come  to  them  by  and  by.  Now  let  us  start  from 

The  State  Street  Bridge,  and  before  we  are  through  with  this  day's  trip 
we  will  endeavor  to  do  a  portion,  at  least,  of  the  great  retail  thoroughfare 
of  Chicago.  State  St.,  as  it  opens  out  before  us  from  the  slight  elevation  on 
which  we  stand,  is  one  of  the  grandest  commercial  arteries  in  the  world.  In 
the  introduction  to  these  trips  I  have  mentioned  the  fact  to  you  that 

State  St.  is  the  longest  thoroughfare  in  the  city,  extending  as  it  does, 
from  North  ave.  to  the  southern  limits,  a  distance  of  eighteen  miles.  We 
have  nothing  to  do  with  State  St.,  north  of  the  bridge  to-day.  It  is  of  State 
st.  to  the  south  that  I  want  to  speak.  There  are  streets  in  Paris,  especially 
those  converging  from  the  Grand  Opera  House,  which,  by  reason  of  the 
unifoi-mity  of  the  style  of  architecture  so  closely  adhered  to  during  the  last 
empire,  present  a  more  pleasing  view  at  first  sight,  than  does  State  st.,  from 
this  point.  This  very  uniformity  in  style  soon  becomes  tiresome,  and  the 
visitor  is  half  inclined  to  wish  that  it  were  broken  here  and  there,  no  matter 
how. 

If  You  Are  from  Paris,  State  st.  will  remind  you  of  the  Avenue  de  1'Opera, 
or  of  the  Avenue  Malsherbes,  from  the  steps  of  the  Madelaine ;  if  from  Berlin, 
Friedrich  Strasse  or  Leipzieger  Strasse  will  be  recalled  to  your  mind ;  If 
from  Vienna,  you  will  see  a  resemblance  to  some  sections  of  the  Ring 
Strasse;  if  from  London,  Regent  st.  may  be  suggested;  if  from  Dublin, 
a  part  of  Sackville  st.,  although  you  will  miss  the  Nelson  monument.  All  cf 
the  great  streets  of  the  world  to-day  bear  a  strikli_,>  resemblance  to  each 
other,  although  there  is  in  reality  a  vast  difference  between  them.  But  let 
us  be  moving.  On  our  left,  between  the  river  and  South  Water  st.,  is 

The  Central  Market,  about  the  nearest  approach  we  have  in  these  days 
to  a  public  market  house  in  Chicago.  This  is  in  the  nature  of  a  shamble, 
conducted  to  some  extent  on  the  English  system.  It  has  not  proved  altogether 
popular  or  successful.  We  pass  South  Water  st.  and  pause  for  a  momen  t 
to  look  east  and  west.  It  is  confusion  on  either  side.  Moving  south  we  po-— 


THE    GUIDE.  51 

the  great  wholesale  grocery  establishment  of  Reid,  Murdoch  &  Co.  This  is 
their  principal  but  not  their  only  warehouse.  East  of  here,  on  Michigan 
ave.,  extending-  to  Central  ave.,  they  have  several  large  warehouses.  We 
pass  a  number  of  pi-ominent  concerns,  among  them  the  immense  glass  and 
queensware  house  of  Pitkin  &  Brooks,  at  the  N.  E.  Cor.  State  and  Lake  sts. 
We  pass 

Lake  Street,  formerly  the  great  retail  street  of  the  city.  Before  the  fire 
Lake  st.  was  what  State  st.  is  to-day.  The  principal  dry  goods  houses  were 
located  upon  it.  It  is  now  given  over  to  the  hardware,  cutlery,  leather,  rub- 
ber and  machinery  trades.  We  are  now  in  the  center  of  what  was  formerly 
the  South  Market  square  of  the  city.  Here,  in  other  days,  stood  a  market 
house  after  the  fashion  of  the  time,  in  which  was  located  a  police  station  and 
a  volunteer  fire  company's  apparatus.  [See  "  Market  Squares."]  The  fact  that 
this  portion  of  State  st.  was 

Once  a  Market  Square,  accounts  for  its  great  width.  But  it  does  not 
explain  how  the  street  came  to  be  widened  as  far  south  as  Madison  st.  There 
was  a  movement  on  foot  years  ago  to  increase  the  width  of  the  street  to  the 
south  line  of  Madison.  Meetings  of  citizens  and  special  meetings  of  the  city 
council  were  held  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  this  scheme.  Resolutions 
were  adopted  and  meaningless  ordinances  were  passed,  looking  to  the 
desired  end.  A  certain  man  owned  the  greater  part  of  the  frontage  on  the 
west  side  of  State,  between  Madison  and  Randolph  sts.,  where  all  those  ele- 
gant buildings  are  standing  now.  Property  was  not  quite  so  valuable  then 
as  it  is  now,  but  a  lot  on  State  st.  represented  a  small  fortune  even  in  those 
days.  The  man  who  owned  this  frontage  was  a  quiet,  thoughtful  business 
man  then,  as  he  is  now.  His  name  was  and  is 

Potter  Palmer.— While  the  citizens  meetings  and  the  city  council  meet- 
ings were  passing  resolutions  and  enacting  meaningless  ordinances,  Mr. 
Palmer  was  developing  a  plan  for  the  widening  of  State  St.,  in  his  own 
mind.  This  plan  was  a  simple  one.  He  carried  it  out  by  presenting  the  city 
of  Chicago  with  the  frontage  taken  from  his  own  lots  necessary  to  give  this 
section  of  State  st.  a  uniform  width.  It  was  done  so  quickly  and  so  quietly 
that  the  citizens  and  the  city  council  were  taken  by  surprise.  The  sacrifice 
made  by  Mr.  Palmer  for  the  public  good  was  a  great  one.  Every  foot  of  the 
property  he  so  generously  gave  away  represented  a  large  sum  of  money. 
Nobody  has  ever  heard  him  speak  of  it,  however;  only  old  citizens  remember 
it  now.  Potter  Palmer's 

Public  Spirit  and  generosity  made  State  st.  what  it  is  to-day,  for  if  it  had 
not  been  widened  the  retail  business  would  have  long  since  sought  another 
avenue  not  far  away ;  and  while  I  am  on  this  subject  I  want  to  say  to  you, 
not  exactly  what  I  think  about  Potter  Palmer,  but  what  all  Chicagoans,  who 
know  anything  aboxit  the  man,  feel.  His  influence  has  always  been  a  mighty 
if  a  silent  force  in  the  development  of  this  great  city.  He  has 

-L\V'<v/'  Lost  Faith  in  Chicago. — Time  and  again  his  counsel,  his  judgment 
and  his  purse  have  saved  the  credit  of  the  community  abroad.  When  the 
reaction  which  followed  the  civil  war  set  in,  when  values  became  demor- 
alized, when  the  shrinkage  in  prices  destroyed  the  capital  of  sonic  of  the 


52  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

strongest  houses  in  existence  here,  Potter  Palmer  stood  as  firm  as  a  rock 
between  our  merchants  and  bankruptcy,  and  induced  their  creditors  to 
make  fair  and  honorable  terms.  After  the  great  fire,  though  one  of  the 
heaviest  sufferers,  he  was  among  the  first  to  step  into  the  debris  and  pro- 
claim that  Chicago  should  not  only  be  rebuilt,  but  that  she  should  arise 
from  her  ashes  greater  and  grander  than  ever.  The  story  of  the 

Rebuilding  of  the  Palmer  House,  which  we  will  see  further  down  the 
street,  if  properly  told  would  read  like  a  fairy  tale.  By  day  and  by  night, 
under  the  blaze  of  the  sun,  and  in  the  glare  of  torches  and  calcium  lights, 
the  work  never  ceased  until  the  magnificent  structure  was  completed. 
Practically  penniless  then,  and  for  years  afterward,  Potter  Palmer  com- 
manded unlimited  credit  at  home  and  abroad.  The  man's  integrity  was  his 
capital,  and  it  secured  for  him  the  means  whereby  he  has  been  enabled, 
during  the  past  twenty  years,  not  only  to  retrieve  the  fortune  he  had  lost  in 
a  single  night,  but  to  build  up  a  new  and  a  greater  one. 


THIRD    Df\Y. 

The  Great  Masonic  Temple— Twenty  Stories  High— Description  of  the  Exter- 
ior and  Interior— The  Magnificent  Vestibule— A  City  in  Itself— Masonic 
Halls — From  the  Roof  Garden — Four  States  Within  the  Range  of  Our 
Vision — The  City  of  Chicago  Spread  Out  Before  Us  Like  an  Open  Book — 
Birdseye  Views  to  the  North,  West  and  South — Points  of  Interest — Study- 
ing the  Geography,  Topography  and  Architecture  of  the  City  at  an  Ele- 
vation of  nearly  Three  Hundred  Feet. 

To-day  we  devote  to  the  great  Masonic  Temple,  towering  skyward  above 
us.  This  is  the  highest  building  in  Chicago.  The  roof  garden  at  the  top  is 
three  stories  higher  than  the  tower  of  the  Auditorium.  It  is  the  most  mar- 
velous stucture,  taken  as  a  whole,  in  the  center  of  the  business  district.  The 
site  it  covers  measures  170  feet  on  State  st.  by  114  feet  on  Randolph  st.,  and  is 
entirely  surrounded  by  streets  and  alleys.  The  building,  twenty  stories  or 
265  feet  high,  rests  on  cement  and  iron  foundations,  extending  far  out  into 
the  adjacent  thoroughfares,  and  the  superstructure  is  of  steel  and  perfectly 
Fire- Proof  from  Bottom  to  Top.^-The  first  three  stories,  as  you  see,  are 
faced  with  dressed  red  Montello  granite  from  Wisconsin,  with  glimpses 
of  carving,  the  corners  being  ornamented  with  electral  layers.  The  remain- 
ing stories  are  faced  with  gray  brick  that  is  indistinguishable  from  granite, 
each  measuring  4x5x14  inches.  Between  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
stories  terra  cotta  of  the  same  shade  is  used.  No  particular  style  of  archi- 
tecture can  be  predicated  of  this  building,  though  the  arches  visible  on  some 
parts  of  the  gigantic  facade  suggest  the  Romanesque.  The  design  presents 
a  faint  resemblance  of  a  main  building  in  the  center  with  wings  on  each 
side.  These  wings  terminate  in  steep  gables  on  the  east  and  west  fronts, 
connected  by  the  steep  roof  of  the  central  portion  of  the  structure.  There 
are  seventeen  stories  below  the  cornice  and  three  above  it.  The  windows  of 
the  second  and  sixteenth  stories  are  combined  in  gro  ips  of  two  with  deep 


I 


[.Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

MASONIC  TEMPLE,  STATE  AND  RANDOLPH  ST$. 

[See  "  Guide."] 


54 


GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 


Roman  arches.    The  seventeenth  story  is  treated  separately  from  the  rest 
of  each  facade. 

The  Entrance  is  through  an  immense  granite  arch  28  feet  wide  and  42 
feet  high,  in  the  center  of  the  State  st.  front.    This  gorgeous  edifice  has  a 

magnificent  interior  court, 
the  floor  of  which  measures 
90  feet  north  and  south  by 
45  feet  east  and  west.  The 
walls  of  this  court  are 
faced  from  bottom  to  top 
with  different  colored  mar- 
bles and  at  the  east  side  of 
it  a  bronze  staircase  as- 
cends from  the  ground 
floor  to  the  roof.  The  in- 
terior finish  of  the  building 
is  of  mosaic  floors,  mai'ble 
and  onyx  walls  and  old  oak 
wood- work.  East  of  the 
court,  disposed  in  a  semi- 
circle, are  fourteen  pass- 
enger and  two  freight  eleva- 
tors, running  from  the 
basement  to  the  top  and 
making  the 

Round  Trip  Every  Three 
Minutes. — Thewhole  build- 
ing is  heated  by  steam  and 
supplied  with  electrical 
and  pneumatic  connections 
in  great  profusion.  The 
basement  is  devoted  to  an 
immense  cafe,  with  its 
appurtenances  and  wait- 
ing rooms,  toilet  rooms, 
coal  rooms  and  boiler 
rooms.  Perhaps  the  most 
surprising  and  interesting 
thing  that  can  be  said  about 
this  magnificent  building 
is  that  every  floor  of  it 
from  the  pavement  to  the 
eleventh  floor  inclusive  is 
SECURITY  BUILDING.— See  Buildings.  Fitted  up  for  Shops.— 

There  are  also  four  shop- 
like  booths  on  the  floor  of  the  court.  Above  the  sixteenth  floor,  and  beneath 
the  roof,  everything  is  sacred  to  Masonry.  On  the  seventeenth  floor,  the 
entire  south  wing,  50x109  feet  in  size,  is  devoted  to  a 


THE   GUIDE.  55 

Drill  Hall  for  the  Knights  Templar.— The  similar  space  on  the  north  wing 
is  divided  between  the  Blue  Lodge  rooms.  The  intermediate  room  on  the 
State  st.  front,  40x83  feet  in  size,  is  a  banqueting  hall.  On  the  eighteenth 
floor,over  the  drill  hall,  is  a  gorgeous  consistory  room,  with  arched  roof  and 
galleries  on  three  sides.  Over 

The  Banqueting  Hall  are  parlors.  Over  the  Blue  Lodge  rooms,  is  the 
Apollo  Commandery  Preceptory.  In  the  remaining  two  stories  are  a  num- 
ber of  smaller  rooms.  Even  here  the  description  does  not  end,  for  on  the 
roof  of  the  building  there  are 

Hanging  Gardens  covered  with  a  glass  roof  and  walls  thrjt  rival  the 
abode  of  the  gods.  We  will  probably  find  refreshments  up  there,  but  every- 
thing that  inebriates  is  remorselessly  excluded.  From  this  roof  garden  may 
be  obtained  the  most 

Comprehensive  View  of  Chicago  and  vicinity  within  the  reach  of  the 
visitor.  It  will  take  us  an  hour  or  two  to  go  through  the  shops  fronting  for 
eleven  stories  on  the  interior  court.  Here  we  find  bazars  o* 'every  descrip- 
tion, millinery  and  jewelry  shops,  hairdressers'  establishments,  elegantly 
fitted  up  offices  of  physicians  who  make  specialties  of  ear  and  eye  diseases, 
and  offices  of  professional  men  generally.  A  half  day  really  ought  to  be 
given  to  a  study  of  the  Masonic  Temple.  We  will  take  one  of  the  elevators. 
By  paying  25  cents  each  we  are  admitted  to 

The  Roof  Garden  at  the  top.  To  the  east  stretches  the  blue  waters  of 
Lake  Michigan.  We  can  plainly  discern  the  outlines  of  the  Michigan  coast 
on  the  other  side  of  the  horse-shoe  bend.  To  the  south  is  the  shore  line  of 
Indiana.  In  front  of  us  and  for  miles  to  the  north,  is  the  shore  line  of  Illi- 
nois. In  the  dim  distance,  but  clearly  visible,  is  the  shoreline  of  Wisconsin. 
So  that 

Four  States  of  the  American  Union  are  within  the  range  of  our  vision. 
Michigan  City  is  plainly  visible  across  the  lake,  as  is  also  South  Chicago 
and  the  numerous  manufacturing  suburbs  of  the  great  Calumet  region. 

The  White  City  in  Jackson  Park  is  almost  at  our  feet.  Jackson  Park 
itself  looks  very  contemptible  compared  with  the  vast  area  of  territory  be- 
neath our  gaze.  The  great  buildings  of  the  World's  Fair,  look  like  toy 
houses.  The  Manufactures  and  Liberal  Arts  building,  which  is  large 
enough  to  accommodate  the  houses  and  inhabitants  of  a  village  of  five  thous- 
and people,  looks  little  larger  than  a  shed  and  not  much  more  attractive. 
The  Illinois,  Government  and  Administration  buildings  with  their  beautiful 
and  graceful  towers  look  squatty  and  mean.  The  great 

Neticork  of  Railroad  lines  at  our  feet  resemble  silken  threads,  and  the 
trains  moving  along  the  lake  shore  on  the  Illinois  Central  look  ridiculously 
small.  The  buzz  of  the.  great  city  reaches  us  here,  but  it  is  simply  a  buzz. 
We  are  away  from  the  roar  and  jumble  and  confusion  of  the  streets  below. 
To  the  north,  and  almost  beneath  our  feet  also,  are  the  Chicago  ave.  Water' 
Works,  the  beginning  of  the  great  Lake  Shore  Drive.  The  Lake  Shore  Drive 
is  -.imply  a  country  road  as  we  look  at  it  from  this  point,  and  it  runs  into 
^'Icoln  Park  which  appears  to  be  only  a  moderate  sized  bit  of  forest  and 
*  rubbery.  Beyond  is  lake  View  and  Edgewater, 


56  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

We  Can  See  the  Cemeteries  of  Graceland  and  Rose  Hill  plainly.  There  is 
Ravenswood,  Rogers  Park  and  Evanston.  Those  large  dark  spots  are  the 
University  buildings.  Beyond  on  the  lake  shore  is  Wilmette,  Winnetka  and 
we  can  imagine  at  least,  that  we  see  Lake  Forest,  Kenosha  and  Waukegan. 
Now  let  us  turn  our  backs  on  Lake  Michigan  and  take 

A  Birdseye  Vieiv  of  the  city.  I  will  try  to  point  out  for  you  the  objects 
and  places  of  greatest  interest.  A  little  to  the  northwest,  apparently  jxist 
below  us,  is  the  central  station  of  the  North- Western  railway.  This  is  the 
railway  which  penetrates  the  great  suburban  districts  to  the  north,  north- 
west and  west  of  Chicago.  You  can  plainly  discern  the  broad  black  path- 
ways over  which  its  tracks  run  and  diverge  from  the  depot  at  the  corner  of 
Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.  The  tracks  leading  to  the  right  pass  in  a  northeasterly 
direction  toward  the  lake  shore.  Where  you  see  a  plainly  denned  spur  run- 
ning toward  the 

North  Branch  of  the  River  away  out  in  a  north  westerly  portion  of  thecitj-, 
is  Clybourne  Junction,  where  the  Wisconsin  Division  of  the  road  begins. 
From  this  point  the  Milwaukee  Division,  after  crossing  the  river  at  Deering 
station,  takes  an  almost  northeasterly  direction,  passing  through  Gross 
Park,  Ravenswood,  Rose  Hill,  Rogers  Park,  South  Evanston,  Evanston  and 
Wilmette,  and  from  this  point  to  Milwaukee  the  road  hugs  the  lake  shore. 
The  district  which  this  division  of  the  North-Western  penetrates  for  15  miles 
north  of  Chicago  proper  you  will  notice  is  dotted,  almost  covered,  with  subur- 
ban residences.  This  is  destined  to  be  to  Chicago  what  the  Hudeon  River 
district  is  to  New  York. 

lieyond  Lincoln  Park  to  the  left  you  see  the  marble  monuments  and  tomb- 
stones of  Rose  Hill  reflecting  the  sunlight.  To  the  north  you  behold  another 
cemetery  close  to  the  lake  shore.  This  is  Calvary.  Closer  to  you  is  Graceland 
and  severa'l  smaller  cemeteries  used  by  foreigners  as  their  special  burying 
grounds.  The  roadway  which  passes  by  these  cemeteries  is  Clark  st.  for  a 
distance  and  then  Evanston  av.  It  finally  becomes  Chicago  av.  until  it  leaves 
Evanston  when  it  is  known  as  the  Milwaukee  road.  In  olden  times  this  road 
from  Chicago  hundreds  of  miles  northward  was  known  as  the  Green  Bay 
road.  It  is  the  road  traversed  by  the  pioneers  and  early  settlers  of  the  north- 
v/est.  Near  the  Clybourne  Junction  on  the  bank  of  the  river  are  the  great 
,gricultural  implement  works  of  the 

William  Deering  Company. — This  is  called  Deering  station.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  great  terra  cotta  and  brick  works,  and  down  the  river  about 
a  half-mile  southeast  from  the  Deering  works  you  can  plainly  discern  the 
North  Chicago  rolling  mill  of  the  Illinois  Steel  company.  This  is  one  of  the 
greatest  steel  works  in  the  world.  On  the  banks  of  the  north  branch  of  the 
river  are  distilleries,  breweries  and  immense  elevators.  You  can  plainly 
see  the 

Name  of  Armour  on  one  of  these  elevators.  This  is  the  greatest  grain 
storage  warehouse  in  the  city.  Another  line  of  railroad  crosses  the  North- 
Western  track  at  the  Kinzie  street  bridge  and  penetrates  the  great  manufac- 
turing districts  of  the  North  side,  finally  emerging  into  the  country  at 
Buena  Park.  This  line  passes  through 


58  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Beautiful  Edgeirater,  Birchwood  and  other  elegant  suburbs  directly  on 
the  lake  shore,  before  it  meets  and  runs  parallel  with  the  North-Western 
road  at  Evanston.  This  is  the  Evanston  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
<fe  St.  Paul  railway.  You  will  notice  that  the  river  makes  a  curve  to  our 
right,  apparently  surrounding  a  strip  of  territory  extending  qxiite  a  distance 
to  the  northwest.  This  strip  is  surrounded  by  docks  and  is  covered  with  . 
immense  lumber  yards  and  coal  sheds.  It  is  known  as 

Goose  Island,  and  you  will  plainly  see  why  it  has  been  given  that  pecu- 
liar name.  It  is  shaped  almost  precisely  like  the  body  of  a  goose.  The  time 
is  not  very  far  back  when  property  on  Goose  Island  might  have  been  pur- 
chased very  cheaply,  but  it  is  now  valuable.  Every  inch  of  it  is  covered.  You 
can  easily  distinguish  the  tower  of  the  North  side  water  works.  This  was  for 
years  the  principal  pumping  station  of  Chicago's  water  system.  Directly 
opposite  to  it,  out  in  the  lake,  is 

The  Original  Crib. — A  tunnel  leads  under  the  lake  from  the  crib  to  the 
water  works,  and  another  tunnel  under  the  city  from  this  water  works  to 
the  West  side  pumping  station  at  the  foot  of  Ashland  ave.  This  is  only  one 
of  several  tunnels  through  which  lake  water  is  now  conveyed  to  Chicago. 
[See  "  Water  Works."]  Close  to  the  North  side  water  works  is  the  steeple  of 
The  Roman  Catholic  Cathedral.— Near  by  is  the  Sacred  Heart  Convent, 
following  Chicago  ave.  westwardly  you  notice  a  peculiarly  shaped  brick 
building  on  the  corner  of  LaSalle  ave.  This  is 

Moody' 's  Tabernacle,  a  church  built  for  and  named  after  the  great  evan- 
gelist, by  his  admirers  in  Chicago.  It  is  conducted  on  the  Evangelistic  plan 
and  has  one  of  the  largest  Sundayschools  in  the  city.  Not  very  far  on  this 
side  of  it  is  the  beautiful  little 

St.  Vincent's  Asylum  for  foundlings  and  deserted  children.  Beyond,  and 
almost  directly  to  the  west,  are  the  buildings  of  the  McCormick  Seminary 
the  Presbyterian  University  of  Chicago.  Out  in  this  direction,  and  beyond 
the  crowded  city,  we  see  the  suburbs  of  Maplewood,  Avondale,  Grayland, 
and  to  the  extreme  northwest  the  Bohemian  cemetery. 

Looking  Westwardly,  we  can  trace  the  line  of  boulevards  which  connects 
the  western  parks  with  the  south  and  north  park  systems.  This  is  Humboldt 
Park  to  the  right,  Garfield  Park  directly  to  our  west,  and  Douglass  Park  to 
our  left.  Out  in  this  direction  you  see  numerous  suburbs,  among  which  are 
Austin  and  Oak  Park.  West  of  Garfield  Park  are 

The  Grant  Locomotive  Works,  and  to  the  left  are  the  lines  of  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  <fe  Quincy,  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  and  other  railroad 
lines.  Coming  nearer  toward  the  center  of  the  city,  we  can  plainly  see 
Western  ave.,  which  for  many  years  was  a  sort  of  boundary  line.  Now  there 
appears  to  be  as  much  of  the  city  west  as  there  is  east  of  it.  We  notice  a 
boulevard  extending  almost  from  the  river  to  Garfield  Park.  That  is  Wash- 
ington blvd.  The  green  spot  about  a  mile  from  the  river  is  Union  Park. 
From  this,  running  south  to  Twelfth  st.  blvd.,  is  Ashland  blvd.,  the  most 
beautiful  of  the  West  side  residence  avenues.  A  little  to  the  left  and  east  of 
Union  Park  is  Jefferson  Park.  The  latter,  as  well  as  Union  Park,  you  will 
notice,  is  well 


THE 


59 


Surrounded  by  Church  Spires.— That  is  the  Union  Park  Congregational 
church,  which  rises  from  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Ashland  blvds.  It 
has  one  of  the  largest  congregations  in  the  city.  South  of  it  is  the 

Third  Presbyterian  Church,  a  beautiful  edifice.  Following  Ashland  blvd. 
to  the  south,  we  see  the  West  side  pumping  works,  and  here  we  find  our- 
selves gazing  into  the  great  lumber  district  of  the  city,  which  occupies  many 
square  miles  of  territory.  To  the  east  and  south  are  the 

Union  Stock  Yards.— Those  buildings  are  the  great  packing  houses,  and 
the  long  lines  of  pens  are  plainly  visible.  Directly  north  of  the  Union  Stock 
Yards  is  Bridgeport,  and  north  of  this,  on  Twelfth  St.,  we  see  the  steeple  of 

The  Jesuit  Church.— The 
Bridgeport  and  Union  Stock 
Yards  districts  are  given  up 
almost  wholly  to  manufac- 
tories. Down  there  are  the 
great  glue  works,  soap  works, 
rendering  mills,  packing  houses 
and  cold  storage  warehouses, 
all  connected  nearly  or  re- 
motely with  the  live  stock 
trade.  At  Bridgeport  begins 
the 

Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal 
which  runs  parallel  with  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  railway 
through  the  great  quarries  of 
Lemont.  Along  this  line  is  to 
be  constructed  the  great  shir) 
and  drainage  canal.  Coming 
down  a  little  closer  we  catch 
a  glimpse  of  Halsted  st.  and 
our  eye  is  attracted  to  the 
stately  buildings  which  rise  to 
the  west  of  it  on  Madison  st. 
On  the  left  side  is 

The  John  M.  Smyth  Build- 
ing and  on  the  right  the  Haymarket  building.  Closer  still  is  the  river 
spanned  by  swinging  bridges  at  intervals  and  filled  with  shipping.  Now 
we  are  in  the  heart  of  the  South  side,  and  the  great  structures  of  the 
business  portion  of  city  are  seen  on  every  side.  The  fourteen  story  struc- 
ture to  our  left  is  the  Security  building  on  the  cor.  of  Fifth  ave.  and  Madi- 
son st.  One  block  east  is  the  Tacoma  building,  also  fourteen  stories  in 
height.  South  of  it  is  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  building, 
on  La  Salle  st.,  a  beautiful  structure,  and  south  of  that  is 

The  Woman's  Temple. — Then  comes  the  Calumet  building,  the  Home 
Insurance  building,  the  Insurance  Exchange,  the  Rookery,  the  great  build- 
ings of  the  Board  of  Trade  district,  the  Board  of  Trade  building  itself,  the 


WOMANS'  TEMPLE.— See  Buildings. 


60  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Rialto  and  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  depot.  In  a  parallel  line 
with  these  buildings,  a  little  to  the  right  are  the  Ashland,  Schiller,  Unity, 
Chicago  Opera  House,  Cook  County  Abstract,  Hartford,  Chamber  of  Com- 
mei-ce,  Monadnock,  Great  Northern,  Manhattan,  Monon,  Ellsworth  and 
Pontiac  buildings.  Farther  towards  the  east  and  beginning  almost  at  our 
feet  are  the  Central  Music  Hall,  Marshall  Field's  retail  house,  Venetian  and 
Columbus  buildings  and  the  great  Leiter  building  occupied  by  Siegel,  Cooper 
&  Co.  farther  to  the  south.  The  great 

Hotel  Edifices  and  Churches  of  the  South  side,  lining  Michigan,  Wabash 
aves.  and  State  st.,  as  well  as  the  beautiful  boulevards  which  connect  with 
Washington  and  Jackson  Park,  and  the  magnificent  residences  of  Prairie 
and  Calumet  aves.  and  Michigan  blvd.  are  plainly  seen.  Jackson  Park 
with  its 

World 's  Fair  Buildings  and  Midway  Plaisance  with  its  villages,  natatori- 
ums  and  towers,  Washington  Park  and  Washington  Park  race  course  appear 
to  be  only  a  stone's  throw  away.  To  the  south  of  Washington  Park,  which 
is  plainly  recognizable  by  its  great  grand  stand,  is  Oak  woods  Cemetery.  To 
the  right  is  Englewood,  to  the  left  Grand  Crossing  and  South  Chicago. 
Further  south  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Calumet  is 

Beautiful  Pullman  and  opposite  to  it  is  Irondale.  Around  about  Lake 
Calumet  are  numerous  manufacturing  suburbs.  The  little  body  of  water  to 
the  east  is  Hyde  Lake.  Just  east  of  that  is  Wolf  Lake,  a  part  of  which  is 
within  the  limits  of  Chicago  and  a  part  in  the  State  of  Indiana.  East  of  this 
again  is  Lake  George.  I  would  advise  you  to  spend  an  hour  or  so  on  this 
roof  studying  the  geograjhy  of  the  city  and  taking  in  the  points  of  interest 
as  you  can  only  see  them  irom  this  elevation. 


FOURTH     DfVY. 

The  Elevator  Service  of  the  Masonic  Temple — A  Description  that  Fits 
All  the  Great  Buildings— Marvellous  Speed  — Recent  Improvements- 
Interesting  Figures— Central  Music  Hall— Music  Colleges— The  Young 
Lady  Pupils— Termini  of  the  Horse  and  Cable  Car  Lines— Marshall  Field  & 
Co. — The  New  Building — Something  About  the  House — The  Great  Retail 
Stores  of  State  St.— Corner  Drug  Stores— What  They  Do  in  Chicago- 
Buck  &  Raynor's  and  South  to  Adams  St. 

I  believe  you  obtained  a  very  fair  idea  of  the  "lay"  of  the  city  from  the 
roof  garden  of  the  Masonic  Temple.  Before  we  abandon  that  building  alto- 
gether, and  continue  our  trip  down  State  St.,  I  think  I  ought  to  tell  you 
something  of  its  passenger  elevator  system.  Largest  of  any  single  elevator 
plant  in  the  world,  it  leaves  behind  that  of  any  other  in  Chicago.  Even  those 
of  the  great  Eiffel  tower,  of  Paris,  and  the  World  building,  of  New  York,  do 
not  compare  with  it.  The  passenger  elevator  systems  in  operation  in  the 
great  office  buildings  of  Chicago  are  all  interesting.  In  our  trips  around  the 
city  I  will  not  stop  hereafter  to  talk  of  them  to  you,  but  will  make  this 
description  and  information  concerning  the  Masonic  Temple  system  answer 


62  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

for  all.  In  construction  ;he  system  is  to  a  certain  extent  similar  to  that  in 
use  in 

The  Eiffel  Tower,  but  with  a  new  and  important  contrivance,  the  inven- 
tion of  Kemierly  Bryan,  chief  engineer  of  the  Hale  Elevator  company,  whose 
system  was  used  in  the  Eiffel  tower.  The  Eiffel  tower  has  two  elevators. 
The  Temple  has  seventeen — fourteen  for  passengers  and  three  for  freight. 
The  fourteen  elevators  are  capable  of  carrying  seventy  thousand  persons 
every  day  at  the  least  calculation.  They  are  run  on  the  hydraulic  principle 
and  the  pumping  apparatus  used  in  connection  therewith  is  capable  of 
supplying  water  every  day  to  a  town  of  sixty  thousand  inhabitants.  This 
calculation  is  made  on  the  basis  of  the  water  supply  of  most  large  cities. 
The  Masonic  Temple  elevators  do  not  run  so  high  as  those  of  the  Eiffel  tower, 
but  they  go  higher  than  those  of  the  other  great  office  buildings  of  this  city, 
including  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  the  Rookery,  the  Auditorium  tower, 
and  than  those  in  the  Philadelphia  City  Hall  tower  and  the  World  building 
dome  in  New  York  city.  In  the  Eiffel  tower  the  distance  run  by  the  eleva- 
tors was  480  feet ;  in  the  Temple  the  distance  is  258  feet.  The  machines  in 
the  Eiffel  tower  were  built  to  carry  7,500  pounds  weight  each  trip,  but  there 
were  only  two  of  them.  In  the  Temple  the  fourteen  are  intended  to  carry 
2,500  pounds  each  every  trip. 

The  Wire  Ropes  used  in  the  Masonic  Temple  elevators  would,  if  stretched 
out,  reach  a  distance  of  sixteen  miles.  There  are  also  used  chains  in  con- 
nection with  them  that  would  in  one  length  stretch  over  a  distance  of  3,920 
feet.  The  amount  of -water  that  passes  through  the  pumping  machines  every 
day  would  make  a  trout  pond  240  feet  long,  100  feet  wide  and  5  feet  deep. 
The  water  which  goes  through  the  cylinders,  however,  is  not  wasted.  It  is 
constantly  circulated  between  the  cellar  and  roof  of  the  big  building.  Down 
in  the  cellar  there  is  tank  room  for  30,000  gallons  of  water;  the  roof  is 
intended  to  store  20,000  gallons.  Three 

Great  Pumping  Machines,  capable  of  accommodating  60,000  people  with 
water  are  constantly  engaged  pumping  the  water  to  the  roof,  down  from 
which  it  again  descends,  exerting  a  hydraulic  pressure  of  140  pounds  to 
the  square  inch  to  set  the  cars  flying  on  their  trips.  The  term  flying  is  hardly 
too  strong  to  express  the  speed  of  the  elevators.  They  go  up  and  down  at 
the  rate  of  750  feet  a  minute,  or  nearly  9  miles  an  hour.  Each  elevator  makes 
a  trip  every  three  minutes,  and  each  trip  covers  516  feet.  If  the  distance 
covered  by  the  fourteen  passenger  elevators  were  in  a  continuous  line,  it 
would  reach  to  a  length  of  7,224  feet.  The  elevators  make 

Twenty  Trips  an  Hour. — One  of  the  main  points  in  the  elevators  in  an 
economic  way  is  a  contrivance  to  balance  the  enormous  weight  of  the  sus- 
pending ropes.  In  ordinary  elevators  considerable  hydraulic  power  is  wasted 
in  lifting  the  ropes.  This  is  called  a  dead  weight.  To  offset  this,  chains  con- 
nected with  weights  are  attached  to  the  bottom  of  the  cars  so  that  a  counter- 
poise is  always  maintained  between  the  ropes  and  the  chains,  no  matter  at 
what  point  the  car  may  be  during  transit.  This  and  the  securing  of  abso- 
lute safety  in  traveling,  starting  and  stopping  were  some  of  the  big  problems 
to  be  considered  in  the  running  of  elevators  to  such  a  height.  The  gravity 
wedge 

Safety  Apparatus  is  used.  This  is  an  attachment  that  if  the  ropes  should 
break  will  be  forced  into  the  wooden  guides  and  stop  the  downward  force 
of  the  car.  The  more  heavily  laden  the  car  is  the  more  strongly  will  the 
safety  apparatus  be  thrust  into  the  guides  and  the  more  firmly  wrill  it  hold. 
The  cars  are  of  iron,  handsomely  designed,  and  each  is  six  feet  square.  So 
much  for  the  Masonic  elevator  service.  The  service  of  many  of  the  other 
great  buildings  of  the  city  will  attract  your  attention  and  admiration  on  our 
rounds.  The  service  in  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  building,  the  Rookery 
building,  the  Woman's  Temple,  the  Unity  building,  the  Manhattan  building, 
the  Monadnock  building,  and  in  fact  in  all  of  the  great  office  buildings  is 
perfect.  Notwithstanding  that  hundreds  of  thousands  of  people  are  carried 
daily  in  these  elevators,  and  that  during  business  hours  they  are  fr  quently 
crowded, 


THE   OtTIPE.  63 

Accidents  Are  Very  Rare. — When  they  occur,  they  are  almost  invariably 
due  to  the  carlessness  of  passengers,  who  leave  the  car  before  it  stops,  or 
attempt  to  enter  it  while  in  motion.  Leaving  the  Masonic  Temple  behind 
us  we  come  to 

Central  Music  Hall  on  the  opposite  corner  of  State  and  Randolph  sts. 
This  elegant  structure  was  erected  by  a  number  of  public  spirited  capital- 
ists, whose  interest  was  aroused  by  the  late  George  B.  Carpenter,  a  brilliant 
and  indefatigable  young  man,  who  had  accomplished  almost  a  life's  work 
in  the  way  of  creating  and  encouraging  a  taste  for  a  high  order  of  musical 
and  literary  entertainments  in  Chicago,  before  he  was  stricken  down.  He 
lived  to  see  the  Central  Music  Hall  dream  realized,  but  passed  away  before 
he  could  reap  the  reward  of  his  labors.  His  death  was  mourned  by  his  as- 
sociates, and  regretted  by  the  entire  community.  The  Central  Music  Hall 
(See  "Buildings"  and  "Amusements")  like  other  structures  in  this  city, 
which  a  few  years  ago  were  looked  upon  and  pointed  out  with  justifiable 
pride,  is  to-day,  speaking  from  an  architectural  point  of  view, 

Cast  Into  the  Shade,  by  newer  and  more  magnificent  edifices;  but,  never- 
theless, it  will  remain  for  many  years  to  come  an  ornament  to  the  neighbor- 
hood in-  which  it  stands.  Walking  south  we  pass  the  great  retail  houses 
which  we  see  on  either  side  of  the  street,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach.  These 
have  all  grown  up  during  a  remai'kably  brief  period.  The  oldest  of  them, 
in,  comparison  with  European  houses,  are  merely  in  their  infancy.  This  is 

A  Busy  Street. — We  will  have  to  stand  close  to  the  edge  of  the  sidewalk, 
or  be  carried  along  by  the  crowd.  I  don't  think  you  ever  saw  so  many  well 
dressed  people  anywhere.  Most  of  them  are  ladies.  There  is  a  good  deal  of 
what  the  world  calls  style  to  be  seen  along  here  at  all  hours  of  the  day.  Just 
now  the  young  ladies  are  pouring  out  of 

The  Chicago  College  of  Music,  located  in  the  Central  Music  Hall  building. 
This  institution  is  conducted  under  the  management  of  Dr.  F.  Ziegfeld  and  a 
board  of  directors  consisting  of  Dr.  H.  W.  Thomas,  William  M.  Hoyt,  Gen. 
Charles  Fitz  Simons,  Dr.  Philip  H.  Matthei,  N.  K.  Fairbank,  W.  W.  Kimball, 
J.  Harlev  Bradley,  Julius  Rosenthal  and  F.  Ziegfeld,  Jr.  The  faculty  is  a 
large  one  and  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  best  in  the  country.  The  college  has 
graduated  some  of  the  leading  musicians  of  the  country.  The  young  ladies 
you  see  coming  out  now  evidently  belong  to  the  junior  class.  Every 
one  of  them  carries  a  roll  of  music  bound  up  in  a  patent  leather  case 
in  Jier  dainty  hand.  This  evening,  should  you  chance  to  be  on  one  of 
the^, venues  or  boulevards,  you  will  hear  her  entertaining  her  fond  parents, 
or  perhaps  her  fond  lover,  with  some  elementary  exercises.  Young  ladies, 
I  believe, 

No  LongerPlay  the  "Maiden's  Prayer''''  or  the  "Monastery  Bells,"  as  they 
did  in  my  time.  I  hear  that  they  have  dropped  even  the  "Thunderstorm" 
which  used  to  involve  the  crossing  of  hands  and  the  screwing  of  the  hurri- 
cane pedal  to  the  parlor  floor.  Chicago  is  quite  a  musical  center.  There  are 
a  number  of  very  large  conservatories  of  music  located  here.  One  of  the 
largest  is  to  be  found  in  the  Auditorium  building.  Here  young  ladies  and 
gentlemen  are  trained  for  the  concert  hall  and  the  stage.  While  we  are  here 
I  might  as  well  tell  you  that  this  is  the  starting  point  or  termini  of  nearly 
all  the  South  and  West  side 

Horse  and  Cable  Car  Lines  and  of  many  of  the  north  side  lines.  We  find 
ourselves  in  front  of  the  dry  goods  palace  with  the  name  of 

Marshall  Field  &  Co.— This  house  is  familiarly  known  to  the  ladies  of 
Chicago  and  the  West,  as  Field's.  You  have  heard  of  Field's  before.  Every- 
body in  this  country  has,  and,  in  commercial  circles  at  least,  the  house  is 
known  throughout  the  civilized  world.  It  is  not  only  the  greatest  dry  goods 
establishment  in  this  country,  but  the  greatest  first-class  dry  goods  establish- 
ment in  the  universe.  This  is  the  State  st.  front  of  the  establishment.  It 
extends  from  the  Central  Music  Hall  to  the  corner  of  Washington  st.  FieM's 
extends  the  entire  length  of  the  block  on  Washington  st.  to  Wabash  ave. 
The  building  erected  here  for 


GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 


Field,  Letter  &  Co.,  after  the  great  fire  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1877. 
The  Singer  Sewing  Machine  company,  which  owned  it,  rebuilt  the  structure 
It  was  purchased  by  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.  shortly  afterward.  It  has  been  pro- 
nounced one  of  the  most  elegant  of  our  commercial  buildings.  Architect- 
urally, it  is  a  handsome  structure,  being  relieved  by  ornamentation  which 
adds  greatly  to  its  beauty.  When  it  was  rebuilt,  there  was  not  a  dry  goods 
concern  in  Chicago,  it  was  thought,  which  had  capital  sufficient  to  under- 
take the  renting  of  it,  with  the  exception  of  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.  That  was 

less  than  fifteen  years  ago. 
Now  there  are  several  dry 
goods  houses  occupying 
more  space  than  i  s  con- 
tained within  this  single 
building.  Marshall  Field 
&  Co.,  although  they  have 
added  the  floors  of  adjoin- 
ing buildings  from  time  to 
time,  long  since  found 
themselves  badly  crowded 
within  its  walls.  Hence  the 
erection  of 

The  New  Building  on 
Wabash  ave.  and  Wash- 
ington st.,  with  which  this 
is  connected  by  a  marble- 
lined  tunnel  beneath  and 
by  arches  over  Holden 
Place,  the  alley  which  sepa- 
rates the  two.  The  new 
Field  building  is  nine 
stories  high.  It  covers  a 
ground  space  150x108  feet 
and  is  of  thoroughly  fire 
proof  construction.  It  is 
a  handsome  steel  frame 
structure,  faced  with 
pressed  brick  and  terra 
cotta.  Fluted  and  polished 
granite  blocks  are  used 
for  the  first  three  stories. 
All  the  most  modern 
methods  of  construction, 
combining  strength  and 
beauty,  were  used  in  the 
erection  of  this  building. 
The  type  of  architecture  is 
what  is  known  as 

Th  e  Spanish  Renaiss- 
ance.— There  are  handsome 
entrances  from  three 
fronts.  In  the  interior  are 
a  dozen  elevators,  some  of 
which  are  used  exclusively 
for  the  upper  five  stoi'ies. 
The  structure  is  practically 


COLUMBUS  BUILDING.— See  Buildings. 


two  buildings.  The  first  four  stories  are  used  for  mercantile  purposes  and 
the  upper  five  stories  are  arranged  for  offices.  The  cost  of  this  addition  to 
the  Field  retail  store  was  about  $800,000.  The  wholesale  house  of  Marshall 
Field  &  Co.  is  located  on  Fifth  ave.,  Adams,  Franklin  and  Quincy  sts.,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  massive  and  beautiful  structures  in  the  wholesale  center. 
The  latter  building  should  be  visited  by  all  means.  We  will  see  it  later 
on.  Something  of 


GG  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

The  Business  of  Marshall  Field  <f-  Co.  may  be  interesting  to  you.  Twenty 
years  ago  it  was  the  leading  di-y  goods  house  in  the  West  and  its  annual 
business  amounted  to  about  $8,000,000.  This  business  amounts  to  about 
$50,000,000  annually  now.  No  other  house  in  the  country  can  approach 
these  figures.  The  field  covered  by  the  vast  trade  of  Marshall  Field  &  Co.  is 
the  West  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  the  South  to  the  Gulf.  New  York  houses 
control  the  eastern  market.  Marshall  Field,  the  senior  member  of  the  firm, 
is  credited  with  being  worth  $25,000,000.  You  are  now  in 

The  Fashionable  Retail  Center  and  to  your  left  and  right  as  you  pass 
south  are  some  of  the  most  attractive  retail  stores  in  the  United  States. 
But,  before  passing  on,  let  me  call  your  attention  to 

The  Columbus  Building,  the  elegant  structure  on  the  S.  E.  Cor.  of  State 
and  Washington  sts.  This  is  one  of  the  newest  of  our  great  edifices  and  is 
intended  as  a  memorial  of  the  Columbus  quadri-centennial.  It  is  thirteen 
stories  high  and  is  magnificently  finished,  both  as  regards  its  interior  and 
exterior.  Its  cost  was  $800,000.  The  establishment  of 

Carson,  Pirie,  Scott  &  Co.,  on  the  S.  W.  Cor.  of  Washington  and  State 
sts.,  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  dry  goods  houses  in  the  city.  This  was  for- 
merly "Gossage's,"  by  which  name  it  became  celebrated  throughout  the 
entire  West.  Carson,  Pirie,  Scott  <fe  Co.  were  the  owners  and  managers  of 
the  store  for  several  years  before  the  name  of  "  Gossage  "  was  dropped  to 
make  room  for  their  own.  In  the  meantime  they  had  established  themselves 
as  a  retail  dry  goods  firm  by  conducting  a  first-class  house  on  the  West  side, 
and  later  one  of  the  largest  and  most  fashionable  concerns  in  the  city  at  the 
N.  E.  Cor.  of  Wabash  ave.  and  Adams  St.,  the  building  now  occupied  by 
Revell,  the  furniture  merchant. 

The  Old  li  Gossage"  House  was  but  a  small  concern  in  comparison  with 
the  mammoth  institution  that  now  covers  about  half  a  block — five  acres  of 
flooring.  No  visitor  to  Chicago,  male  or  female,  should  fail  to  enter  the  mag- 
nificent silk-room  of  this  house,  which  is  situated  on  the  corner.  This  depart- 
ment covers  the  site  of  the  First  National  bank  building  of  other  days.  The 
structure  was  remodeled  at  an  enormous  cost  by  Carson,  Pirie,  Scott  &  Co., 
and  the  first  floor  fitted  up  as  the  most 

Magnificent  Silk  Salesroom  in  the  world.  All  that  taste,  money  and  inge- 
nuity could  do  was  brought  into  play  here,  and  the  result  is  a  veritable  mar- 
ble hall  such  as  but  few  of  the  stately  palaces  of  the  old  world  can  equal  in 
grandeur.  The  entire  establishment  is  tastefully  fitted  up  and  ranks  among 
the  most  reliable,  as  well  as  the  most  fashionable  dry  goods  houses  in  the 
country.  On  the  same  side  of  the  street,  just  south,  is  the  large  general  store 
of 

Fish,  Joseph  &  Co.,  which  enjoys  a  large  patronage.  This  was  formerly 
Pardi'idge's  main  store.  Next  door  south  is  the 

Boston  Store. — The  greatest  bargain  establishment  of  this  section.  This 
store  is  crowded — thronged  is  a  better  word — from  morning  until  night.  On 
the  opposite  side  of  State  st.  are  Stevens'  silk  house,  Wilson  Bros,  (who 
insist  upon  selling  what  they  call  "gent's"  furnishing  goods),  and  Man- 
del  Bros,  dry-goods  house.  The  latter  extends  through  to  Wabash  ave.  In 
the  next  block  are  a  large  number  of  dry-goods,  boot  and  shoe,  kid  glove  and 
musical  houses,  all  of  which  may  be  termed  first-class,  but  none  of  which 
rise  exactly  to 

The  Dignity  of  Eminence  in  their  peculiar  lines.  Here  is  the  cheap  jewelry 
center  also,  where  platedThings  will  be  found  that  will  pass  muster  almost 
in  any  crowd,  but  you  want  to  stand  on  the  corner  for  a  while  and  notice 
the  surging  tides  of  humanity  which  sweep  by  here  from  all  points  of  the 
compass.  Are  there 

Corner  Drug  Stores  where  you  come  from?  No?  Well,  you  don't  know 
how  convenient  they  are!  Here  in  Chicago  we  have  sevei'al  corner  drug 
stores— several  hundred,  I  should  say.  It  is  a  cold  corner  that  hasn't  got  its 
drug  store!  Do  they  all  sell  drugs  exclusively?  Oh,  dear,  no!  They  sell 
drugs  least  of  all.  The  drug  stores  of  Chicago  haven't  gone  quite  so  far  as 


THE   GUIDE.  67 

the  dry  goods  stores,  but  their  range  is  long  and  their  field  is  wide.  As  yet 
they  have  not  begun  to  handle  anvils  or  agricultural  implements,  but  the 
tendency  is  in  that  direction.  The  modern  Chicago  drug  store  deals  in  cut- 
lery, amateur  painter's  supplies,  dispenses  mineral  waters,  liquids  of  all 
shades  and  of  every  degree  of  specific  gravity;  handles  face  powders  and 
postage  stamps ;  receives  orders  for  daily  papers ;  communicate  telephone 
messages;  orders  coal  or  calls  a  carriage;  acts  as  an  advertising  agency; 
solicits  book  orders ;  keeps  constantly  on  hand  a  large  and  varied  assort- 
ment of  society  stationery,  sells  chewing  gum ;  has  a  large  cigar  patronage ; 
keeps  a  city  directory ;  provides  a  waiting  room  for  people  who  have  engage- 
ments with  each  other ;  carries  on  a  traffic  in 

Bottled  Goods  for  Family  Use;  and  sometimes  fills  prescriptions.  And 
they  do  all  these  things  well.  There  has  lately  been  a  cry  raised  against 
the  druggists  because  it  is  claimed  that  prescriptions  cannot  be  correctly 
or  safely  compounded  by  a  young  man  who  is  called  away  from  his  mortar 
every  few  minutes  to  change  a  dime,  sell  a  stick  of  gum,  or  order  a  cab  by 
telephone.  Yet  but  few  of  us  die  annually  from  prescription  clerks'  mistakes. 
At  least,  if  many  of  us  die  from  this  cause,  we  don't  know  it.  Of  course, 
there  are  a  number  of  sudden  deaths  here  dai'y,  and  a  disease  frequently 
takes  a  strange  turn,  which  even  the  physician  cannot  account  for,  after 
the  medicine  he  prescribed  is  administered ;  but  it  wouldn't  be  fair  to  say 
that  the  prescription  clerk  was  responsible  for  these  things  until  we  had 
positive  proof  of  it.  This  positive  proof  we  may  be  able  to  obtain  in  the 
next  world,  perhaps.  Certainly  not  in  this.  But  we  are  now  in  one  of  the 
best  known  corner  drug  stores  in  Chicago.  This  is  called 

Buck  &  Baynor's  Corner. — I  wouldn't  undertake  to  tell  you  how  many 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  people  have  met  here,  or  in  front  of  this  little  drug 
store,  by  appointment.  There  are  two  such  places  in  the  city.  The  other  is 
Dale  &  Sempill's,  on  the  N.  E.  cor.  of  Clark  and  Madison  sts.  We  will  meet 
there  later  on.  But  I  suppose  that  it  wouldn't  be  out  of  the  way  to  estimate 
that  a  thousand  persons  meet  on  this  corner  by  previous  engagement  every 
day.  They  meet  for  all  sorts  of  purposes.  Ladies  who  are  shopping  and 
who  lose  each  other  in  the  crowd,  have  a  tacit  agreement  that  they  will 
meet  here  at  a  certain  hour.  Ladies  meet  their  husbands  here  in  order  to 
get  a  supply  of  pin  money.  Ladies  sometimes  meet  the  husbands  of  other 
ladies  here.  Lovers  meet  sweethearts  here.  Men  meet  men  here  (but  not 
often).  It  ic  a  general  rendezvous — a  public  trysting- place.  Opposite 
Bnck  &  Raynor's  is 

Schlessinger  cfe  Mayer's  dry  goods  house,  which  has  grown  wonderfully 
during  recent  years,  and,  judging  from  the  crowds  which  we  see  passing  in 
and  out  of  its  doorways,  seems  to  be  receiving  a  very  liberal  share  of 
patronage  just  now.  On  the  same  side  of  the  street,  farther  down,  are  some 
fashionable  shoe  houses,  and  near  the  corner  is  the  Palais  Royal  glove 
store,  conducted  extremely  on  the  Parisian  plan.  Just  west  of  Buck  &  Ray- 
nor's, on  Madison  st.,  is 

Me  Vicker's  Theatre,  the  oldest  and  one  of  the  best  theatrical  houses  in 
the  city  (see  "  Amusements"),  on  the  first  floor  of  which  is  Plow's  caiidy  and 
soda  water  establishment,  quite  a  favorite  resort.  Opposite  Me  Vicker's  is 
the  Madison  Street  theatre,  a  place  of  amusement  of  the  hysterical  order, 
which  commands  a  large  patronage  from  young  men  and  women  of  the  hys- 
terical class.  The  attractions  produced  are  usually  those  which  are  long 
on  exclamation  points  and  short  on  wardrobes.  It  is  the  aim  of  the  Chicago 
managers  to  please,  and  this  place  pleases  a  very  large  class.  Just  east  of 
State,  on  Madison  St.,  is  Abbot's  art  supply  house,  and  the  celebrated  optic- 
ian establishment  of 

Fowler  Bros.,  places  which  you  should  visit.  Just  below  Buck  &  Ray- 
nor's corner,  on  State  St.,  is  Frank  Bros',  dry  goods  house,  a  large  establish- 
ment of  good  standing,  and  next  we  pass  a  number  of  attractive  fronts, 
(among  them  that  of  Burley  &  Co.,  a  gi'eat  queenswai-e  house),  reaching  at 
the  N.  W.  Cor.  State  and  Monroe  sts.  the  great  musical  instrument  estab- 
lishment of 


68  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Lyon  d-  Healy. — This  is  a  place  worth  entering  and  you  ought  to  do  so  at 
the  close  of  our  day's  trip.  Diagonally  opposite  is 

The  Palmer  House,  occupying  the  greater  part  of  the  block  (see  "Hotels"). 
This  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  buildings  in  Chicago  and  has  always  been 
admired  by  visitors.  I  would  suggest  that  you  step  inside  to  take  a  view  of 
the  rotunda  from  the  Entresol  balcony,  and  of  the  beautiful  parlors  and  the 
bridal  chamber  on  the  second  floor.  Opposite  the  Palmer,  on  Monroe  St.,  is 
the  old  club  house  of  the  Chicago  club  (see  "Clubs"),  now  occupied  by  the 
Columbus  chib.  Under  the  Palmer  are  elegant  retail  stores.  Opposite,  on 
the  S.  W.  Cor.  of  State  and  Monroe  sts.,  is  the  Columbus  dry  goods  house,  and 
adjoining  it  is 

The  Bee  Hive,  a  popular  dry  goods  establishment.  The  next  places  of 
interest  we  come  to  occupy  three  of  the  corners  at  the  intersection  of  State 
and  Adams  sts. — "The  Fair,"  the  "Leader,"  and  Berry's  candy  palace.  "The 
Fair"  I  have  already  spoken  of.  "The  Leader"  is  conducted  on  a  similar 
plan.  Berry's  candy  palace  is  quite  a  gorgeous  institution.  There  is  per- 
haps a  little  too  much  gorgeousness  about  it  to  suit  your  taste.  In  the  base- 
ment below  is 

The  American  Restaurant,  also  given  over  to  sumptuous  display.  If  you 
step  down  here  you  will  find  yourself  walled  in,  as  it  were,  with  mirrors. 
The  entire  interior  appears  to  be  covered  with  looking-glasses,  and  for  a 
moment  you  are  blinded  with  the  glare  of  reflected  electricity.  It  is  a  first- 
class  restaurant.  You  will  probably  desire  to  visit  some  of  the  places  which 
I  have  pointed  out  to  you.  I  leave  you  to  do  so  at  your  leisiare. 


FIFTH  Df\Y. 

State  St.  South  of  Adams— Some  Great  Houses— Siegel,  Cooper  &  Co.'s— A 
Bazaar  of  All  Nations— Taking  a  Marginal  View  of  Old  "Cheyenne"— 
The  Auditorium — Description  and  History  of  the  Great  Structure — 
Looking  up  at  it  from  the  Lake  Front — Looking  Down  From  Its  Tower 
— Another  Birds-Eye  View — The  Chicago  Harbor — Four  Mile  Crib — 
Future  of  the  Basin— A  Line  of  Magnificent  Public  Buildings— The 
Auditorium  Hotel  and  Annex  Building. 

State  st.  is  interesting  all  the  way  down,  but  only  during  the  past  year 
or  two  have  the  great  retail  houses  considered  it  a  desirable  thoroughfare 
south  of  Adams  st.  Now  the  tendency  is  strongly  in  this  direction.  There 
are  numerous  first-class  houses  in  the  next  two  blocks.  We  pass  a  number 
of  them  before  reaching  Spaulding's  jewelry  and  art  establishment,  on  the 
S.  E.  Cor.  of  Jackson  st. ;  we  pass  the  great  Stationery  and  Job  Printing 
House  of 

Tfiayer  &  Jackson;  we  pass  numerous  furniture  and  art  stores,  and  at 
the  corner  of  Van  Buren  st.  we  come  to  the  immense  general  merchandise 
house  of 

Siegel,  Cooper  &  Co.— This  concern  occupies  the  Leiter  building,  which 
extends  from  Van  Buren  to  Congress  st.,  and  back  to  the  alley  between  State 
st.  and  Wabash  ave.,  covering  an  entire  block.  It  is  eight  stories  high,  and 
has  a  greater  floor  area  than  any  other  retail  house  in  the  city.  The  build- 
ing is  of  massive  granite  blocks  and  is  severely  plain  in  its  exterior.  It  is 
relieved,  however,  by  the  beautiful  line  of  immense  plate  glass  windows 
which  encircle  the  entire  first  floor,  and  in  which  magnificent  displays  of 
dry-goods,  stationery,  books,  toys,  and  novelties  of  all  kinds  are  made. 
Siegel,  Cooper  &  Co.  have  arranged  the  interior  in  a  unique,  convenient  and 
pleasing  manner.  You  will  be  interested  in  here  for  it  is  a  veritable 


>  r-i 

X  E? 
•4 

53 


GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 


Bazaar  of  all  Nations.-l  believe  you  will  agree  with  me  that  it  is  the  great- 
est establishment  of  the  kind  under  one  roof  you  have  ever  seen.  It  really 
contains  as  much  as  an  ordinary  local  exposition.  Everything  from  a  pound 
of  porterhouse  steak  to  a  sealskin  sacque,  or  from  a  spool  of  cotton  to  a 
complete  outfit  of  furniture  and  carpeting  for  a  hotel,  may  be  purchased 
here.  There  are  employment  agencies,  dental  parlors  and  barber  shops 
here.  There  is  also  a  magnificent  restaurant  in  the  basement,  Van  Buren 
st.  front.  It  will  require  considerable  of  your  time  to-day  to  walk  through 
the  floors  of  this  immense  establishment.  If  we  move  down  State  st.  to  the 
corner  of  Congress  we  will  obtain  a  view  of  the  section  of 

Old  "Cheyenne"  which 
has  not  undergone  any  very 
material  change  for  the  bet- 
ter, but  which  is  destined 
within  a  few  -years  to  be  one 
of  the  best  built  sections  of 
the  city.  Just  below  us  on  the 
left  are  the  Peoples  and  Park 
Theatres  two  places  of  amuse- 
ment given  over  to  the  pro- 
duction  of  the  sensational 
drama.  On  the  other  side  of 
the  street'are  Dime  Museums. 
Nearly  every  block  has  its 
variety  theatre  or  concert 
hall.  Saloons  of  a  question- 
able or  unquestionable 
character  seem  to  have  a 
monopoly  of  the  street  front- 
age. Down  here 

Black  and   White  mingle 

Bl  K3  tSH  H  W  09  H  El  81  f  HI  almost  indiscriminately. 
V  HI  KM  HEElElS  fit  Wl  HI  Ml  The  upper  floors  of  the  stores 
at.  lIEi  Hi9Po|  Hra  HI  H  which  are  not  given  over  to 
1  WPB^iffli3HHb!ri|  r-o-oms,  furnished  and  un- 
363  1  3  -a  furnished,  are  occupied  as 

I  HB'-ffifll'ilSH.RPlR    m     hotels.    A  short  distance  be- 
[J  I   SrJ'  Wj1*^.  '  *  -    tiVILjn'7s*g!)yi!iy|0»n  jZi     low    is   Harrison   St.,    which 
.  tU  Eflfe rali£Tite^KMNHiiBEMBa     runs  from  the  lake  to  the 

prairie  west  of  the  city. 
Then  comes  Polk  st.,  and 
about  a  block  and  a  h  a  1  f 
from  the  corner  is  the  Dear- 
born  or  Polk  st.  station, 
where  a  large  number  of  rail- 
roads have  their  terminals. 
|  See  Railroads  and  Railroad 
Depots.]  The  railroads  em- 
ploy great  numbers  of 
colored  porters  and  these 

have  their  rooms  or  their  boarding  houses  in  the  vicinity.  Tiirning 
down  Congress  St.,  we  pass  the  present  terminus  of  the  Elevated  railway, 
which  will  take  you  to  the  southern  portion  of  the  city  or  to  the  World's 
Fair  grounds.  [See  "  City  Railways."]  A  loop  is  to  be  built  farther  northjfor 
the  accommodation  of  passengers  over  this  line.  On  the  next  corner  to  our 
left  below  and  extending  for  an  entire  block,  is 

The  Famous  Auditorium.— [See  "  Buildings."]  This  building  is  described 
elsewhere,  but  I  may  give  you  a  few  facts  concerning  the  beautiful  and 
mammoth  structure  here.  It  has  a  total  street1  frontage  on  Wabash  ave., 
Michigan  ave.  and  Congress  st.  of  710  feet;  height  of  main  building  (10  stories), 
145  feet ;  height  of  tower  above  main  building  (8  floors),  95  feet ;  height  of  Ian- 


MANHATTAN  BUILDING.— See  Buildings. 


THE   GUIDE.  71 

tern  tower  above  main  tower  (2  floors),  30  feet;  total  height,  270  feet;  size  of- 
tower,  70x41  feet;  the  foundations  cover  almost  two  and  a  half  times  greater 
area; 

Weight  of  Entire  Building,  110,0(ky  tons;  weight  of  tower,  15,000  tons; 
exterior  material,  first  and  second  stories  granite,  balance  of  building  stone ; 
interior  material,  iron,  brick,  terra  cotta,  marble,  hardwood  finish,  etc.; 
cost  of  iron  work,  about  $600,000;  number  of  brick  in  building,  17,000,000; 
mimber  of  square  feet  of  Italian  marble  mosaic  floors,  50,000  (containing 
about  50,000  pieces  of  marble,  each  put  in  by  hand);  number  of  square 
feet  of  terra  cotta  (arches  and  partitions),  800,000;  number  of  square  feet  of 
wire  lath,  175,000;  number  of  square  feet  of  plate  glass,  60,000;  number  of 
miles  of  gas  and  water  pipes,  25;  mimber  of  miles  of 

Electric  Wires  and  Cable,  230  ;number  of  miles  of  steel  cable  for  remov- 
ing scenes  on  stage,  1 1 ;  number  of  electric  .ights,  10,000;  number  of  dynamos, 
11;  number  of  electric  motors  for  driving  ventilating  apparatus  and  other 
machinery,  13;  number  of  hydraulic  motors  for  driving  machinery,  4 ;  num- 
ber of  boilers,  11;  number  of  pumping  engines,  21 ;  number  of  elevators,  13; 
number  of  hydraulic  lifts  for  moving  stage  platforms,  26.  The  Auditorium 
building  includes;  1st — The  Auditorium,  permanent  seating  capacity,  over 
4,000;  for  conventions,  etc.,  (for  which  the  stage  is  utilized)  about  8,000.  2d — 
Recital  hall,  seats  500.  3d — Business  portion  consists  of  stores  and  136  offices, 
part  of  which  are  in  the  tower.  4th — Tower  observatory,  to  which  the  pub- 
lic are  admitted  (25  cents  for  adults,  15  cents  for  children).  The 

United  States  Signal  Service  occupies  part  of  'he  seventeenth,  eighteenth, 
and  nineteenth  floors  of  the  tower.  These  departments  of  the  building  are 
managed  by  the  Chicago  Auditorium  association.  5th — Auditorium  hotel; 
400  guest  rooms.  The  grand  dining  room  (175  feet  long)  and  the  kitchen, 
are  on  the  top  floor.  The  magnificent  banquet  hall  is  built  of  steel,  on  trusses 
spanning  120  feet  over  the  Auditoriiim.  [See  "Auditorium  Hotel."]  The  hotel 
is  leased  and  managed  by  the  Auditorium  Hotel  company,  J.  H.  Breslin,  of 
New  York,  president;  R.  H.  Southgate,  vice-president  and  manager.  The 
Auditorium  has 

Several  Entrances,  but  the  main  one  is  on  Congress  st.  The  arches  spring 
from  four  marble  columns  whose  immense  size  is  lost  sight  of  in  the  general 
effect.  Passing  through  the  bronze  doors,  the  spectator  finds  himself  in  a 
court  whose  beauties  compare  with  anything  in  the  building.  Marble, 
bronze  carvings,  stained  glass  and  gold  have  been  fashioned  into  a  design 
worthy  of  the  structure  of  which  it  forms  a  part.  The  floor  is 

Inlaid  with  Marble  Mosaic  work  in  intricate  designs.  Huge  polished 
shafts  of  glittering  marble  are  set  off  by  carvings  and  bronzes.  A  thousand 
people  are  easily  accommodated  in  it.  The  idea  of  the  construction  of  a 
great  building  of  this  character  was  first  made  public  before  the  Commer- 
cial Club,  in  an  address  delivered  by  Ferdinand  W.  Peck,  the  originator  of 
the  enterprise,  May  29,  1886.  The  idea  was  received  with  great  favor  at 
once,  and,  on  December  4th,  of  the  same  year,  a  stock  company  was  organ- 
ized to  carry  it  into  execution.  There  are  now  nearly  300  citizens  among  the 
stockholders.  We  can  see 

The  Auditorium  at,  Its  Best  from  a  point  in  the  Lake  Front  Park  on  a 
line  with  Polk  st.  From  this  location  an  almost  perfect  perspective  can  be 
obtained.  The  walls  loom  up  over  the  surrounding  buildings  like  some 
great  cliff  over  the  scraggy  pines  which  cling  around  its  base.  The  tower 
is  seen  in  its  true  proportions  and  stands  out  sombre  and  grim.  It  requires 
no  stretch  of  the  imagination  to  picture  the  muzzles  of  guns  protruding 
from  the  windows  beneath  the  masonry  of  the  cornice.  From  the  Lake  the 
Auditorium  and  the  Masonic  Temple  are  the  first  objects  that  break  the 
monotony  of  the  horizon,  as  the  incoming  steamer  plows  its  way  toward 
the  city.  The 

Vieicfrom  the  Tower,  seventeen  stories  above  the  street  level,  is  in  many 
respects  more  enchanting  than  that  from  the  Masonic  Temple  roof  garden. 
It  will  cost  you  25  cents  to  be  admitted  to  the  balconies  of  the  tower,  but  it 


72  GUIDE    TO   CHICAGO. 

is  worth  the  money  and  the  time  you  may  give  it.  Two  thousand  square 
miles  of  water  are  spread  out  before  you  from  the  point  of  observation. 
Michigan  City,  half  hid  by  the  sand  hills,  which  line  the  eastern  coast,  is 
plainly  revealed  on  a  clear  day.  South  Chicago  lays  almost  at  your  feet. 
Evanston  is  in  view,  and  its  University  buildings  can  be  picked  out  by  those 
familiar  with  the  place.  Below  you  is  the  city 

A  Seeming  Ocean  of  Smoke,  with  half  obscured  buildings,  showing  their 
domes  and  battlements  out  of  the  clouds,  as  if  vainly  striving  for  one  breath 
of  fresh  air.  Out  over  the  lake  the  air  is  clear  as  the  blue  of  the  sky  above 
it,  and  undefiled  as  the  waves  which  curl  into  foam  below  it.  Michigan  blvd. 
melts  away  into  a  perspective,  in  which  the  long  lines  of  lamp-posts  and 
shade  trees  merge  into  nothingness.  Over  a  lumdred  and  fifty  feet  below  is 
the  broad  roof  of  the  Auditorium  and  the  skylights  which  surmounts  the 
hall.  The  spii*e  of  the  average  church  would  not  reach  that  skylight.  Here 
it  is  that  the  United  States  signal  service  has  established  its  station.  It  may 
be  considered  safe  to  say,  that  the  local  station  occupies  the  highest  arti- 
ficial altitude  of  any  in  the  country.  I  cannot  very  well  drag  you  away  from 
the  Auditorium  tower  until  I  shall  have  pointed  out  to  you 

The  Four  Mile  Crib,  from  which  Chicago  may  now  be  supplied  with 
130,000,000  gallons  of  water  d'aily,  in  addition  to  her  stipplies  through  the 
other  tunnels,  if  this  quantity  should  be  requii'ed.  [See  "  Water  Works."  |  And 
I  must  point  out  to  you  also  the  roofs  of  the  great  structures  in  our  vicinity, 
for  but  little  more  than  the  roofs  can  be  seen.  To  our  right  down  there,  on 
the  lake  front,  is  the  new  depot  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  [See  "Rail- 
road Depots."]  It  is  a  handsome  structure.  Follow  the  track  with  your  eye 
along  the  shore  to  the  north,  passing  the  beautiful 

Arf  Institute  [See  "  Buildings"],  and  you  will  see  the  last  evidence  of  the 
great  Chicago  fire.  That  pile  of  debris  at  the  foot  of  Lake  st.  is  all  that 
remains  of  the  old  Illinois  Central  depot,  destroyed  in  the  fire  of  1871. 
Extending  into  the  Lake  is  the  north  pier.  At  the  extremity  of  it  is  Chicago 
Light.  [See  "  Lighthouses."]  You  see  a  queer  craft  moored  to  the  pier. 
This  is  the  Argonaut,  the  home  of  the  Argo  club.  [See  "  Clubs."]  The  great 
pier  at  our  feet  was  constructed  for  the  accommodation  of  the 

Henry  Syndicate  Steamers,  which  had  the  privilege  granted  them  of  land- 
ing passengers  from  the  city  at  the  World's  Fair.  You  obtain  a  splendid  view 
from  here  of  the  numerous  excursion  steamers  and  sailing  craft,  either  mov- 
ing up  or  down  the  basin,  or  moored  to  the  shore.  That  long,  dark  line  you 
see  running  parallel  with  the  shore  is  called 

The  Government  Breakwater,  or  Pier. — It  was  constructed  at  an  immense 
expense  to  the  National  treasury  for  the  protection  of  our  shore  line.  It  was 
also  designed  to  inclose  a  harbor,  but  Chicago  has  long  since  outgrown  a 
harbor  of  this  size.  For  years  the  ownership  of  a  large  portion  of  the  sub- 
merged land  in  this  basin,  or  harbor,  was  in  dispute  between  the  city  of 
Chicago  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  company.  It  was  taken  from  court 
to  court  until,  in  the  autumn  of  1892,  it  was 

Decided  in  Favor  of  the  City  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States, 
a  legal  victory  that  gave  widespread  satisfaction  in  Chicago.  The  case,  as 
finally  decided,  granted  the  ownership  to  Chieago  of  the  land  along  the  lake 
front,  together  with  the  part  of  the  harbor  extending  from  the  north  pier  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river,  soTith  for  a  distance  of  about  one  and  four-fifth  miles, 
and  from  the  shore  one  mile  into  the  lake.  This  constitutes  an  area  of  about 
1,050  acres  and  is  valued  at  873,000,000.  It  was  decided  that  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral was  entitled  only  to  its  right  of  way  of  200  feet  along  the  lake  shore. 
Riparian  rights  were  denied  it  but  some  property  which  it  acquired  by  fill- 
ing, or,  rather,  which  it  reclaimed  from  the  lake  at  great  expense,  during  the 
litigation,  was  finally  granted  the  company.  I  have  given  the  valuation  of 

The  Submerged  Lands  above  at  about  $73,000,000.  This  is  about  the 
figure  placed  vipon  it  by  real  estate  appraisers,  at  its  value  in  case  it  were 
thrown  into  the  market,  divided  into  blocks,  lots,  etc.  A  much  higher  valu- 
ation, however,  is  placed  upon  it  by  others.  The  pi-obability  is  that  it  will 


f^K^4 


74  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

never  be  thrown  into  the  city  for  sale  as  business  property.  There  was 
much  talk  of  filling'  it  or  piling:  it  for  the  accommodation  of  the  World's  Fair 
buildings  when  the  question  of  a  site  was  being  discussed,  but  for  various 
reasons  the  idea  was  abandoned.  There  has  been  much  talk  of  construct- 
ing 

Docks  for  Shipping  along  the  shore  line,  but  this  has  also  met  with  gen- 
eral disfavor.  It  is  believed  that  if  the  docks  were  constructed  on  the  outer 
edge,  and  warehouses  erected  in  connection  with  them,  the  traffic  thus  cre- 
ated and  centered  here  would  cause  such  a  congestion  in  the  heart  of  the 
city  as  to  greatly  interfere  with  the  ti-ansaction  of  business.  It  is  more  than 
probable  that  the  great  basin  will  be  filled  in  and 

Transformed  into  a  Beautiful  Park  to  be  connected  with  the  present 
Lake  Front  Park  by  viaducts  over  the  railroad  tracks,  which  latter  will  be 
sunk  far  below  their  present  grade.  This  would  be  a  realization  of  a  Chi- 
cago dream.  Her  people  have  long  wanted  such  a  park  near  the  center  of 
the  city.  Great  public  buildings  will  rise  from  the  present  Lake  Front  Park, 
facing  on  Michigan  blvd.  The  Art  Institute  is  there  already;  below  it  to 
the  left,  covering  the  site  of  old  Dearborn  Park  is  the 

New  Public  Library  Building.— The  new  Post-Office  and  Custom  House 
will  be  erected  probably  opposite  the  Library.  The  Crearar  Library  is  to 
be  located  on  Michigan  blvd.  in  this  vicinity.  A  great  museum,  to  be  filled 
with  treasures  from  the  Columbian  Exposition,  will  be  erected  close  by. 
There  are  already  on  the  boulevard  in  this  section,  the  Auditorium,  the 
Chicago  Club  building,  the  Victoria  Hotel,  the  Richelieu  Hotel,  the  Leland 
Hotel,  the  Art  Institute  already  alluded  to,  the  Athletic  Club  House,  the 
Pullman  building, 

The  Press  Club  Building,  the  Public  Library  and  other  beautiful  struct- 
ures  of  a  public  or  semi-public  character,  which  constitute  a  frontage  of 
marble,  granite,  terra  cotta,  brick,  steel  and  glass  such  as  you  have  not 
seen  and  will  no :  see  in  any  other  city  in  the  world.  To  see  these  buildings 
we  will  have  to  get  down  to  the  street  level,  but  you  will  be  anxious  to  view 
the  Auditorium  theatre  lobbies;  perhaps  you  will  care  to  visit  Professor 
Kayzer's  conservatory  of  music.  At  any  rate  you  will  not  leave  the  Audi- 
torium until  you  shall  have  seen  the  hotel.  That  great  building  on  the  cor- 
ner is  the 

Auditorium  Hotel  Annex,  or  Congress  hotel.  It  is  ten  stories  high.  The 
exterior  features  are  three  round  bays  running  up  through  the  building  and 
a  heavy  overhanging  cornice.  This  graceful  structure  was  erected  to 
accommodate  the  overflow  from  the  Auditorium  hotel.  The  building  is 
thrown  entirely  into  suites,  parlors  and  sleeping  rooms.  The  two  buildings 
are  connected  by  a  beautiful  marble-lined  and 

Electric  Illuminated  Tunnel  under  Congi-ess  st.  Before  leaving  the  Audi- 
torium hotel,  I  will  ask  you  to  note  the  magnificent  rotunda  with  its  gor- 
geous pillars  and  frescoing,  the  elegant  parlors,  and  the  banquet  and  dining 
halls  at  the  top  of  the  building.  You  may  take  the  elevators  to  any  floor. 
No,  you  will  not  be  intei'fered  with.  It  is  a  public  house,  and  all  that  is 
asked  of  you  is  that  you  conduct  yourselves  as  you  would  in  a  private  house. 
[See  "Auditorium,"  "Auditorium  Theatre,"  "Auditorium  Hotel,"  and  "Audi- 
torium Hotel  Annex."]  When  you  shall  have  visited  these  hotels,  we  might 
take  a  stroll  through  the  Lake  Front  Park,  from  which  we  will  obtain  a 
splendid  view  of  the  Michigan  boulevard  frontage,  as  far  south  as  Lake  Park 
row.  Leaving  the  Auditorium  we  walk  north  on  Michigan  ave.,  passing  the 
beautiful  Studebaker  building  [see  "Buildings"],  the  old  Art  Institute  [see 
"Buildings"],  the  Victoria,  Richelieti  and  Leland  hotels  [see  "Buildings  " 
and  "  Hotels  "J ,  the  Chicago  Athletic  Club  building,  and  on  oiir  right  the 
magnificent 

New  Art  Institute.— [See  "  Buildings."]  This  building  is  one  that  will 
cause  you  to  pause  for  a  while.  We  pass  on  our  left  the  great  Pullman 
building.  [See  "Buildings"  and  " Pullman, "|  the  Chicago  Fire  cyclorama, 
and  at  Washington  St.  we  come  to  the  new  Public  Library  building.  [See 
"Buildings."]  It  is  not  necessary  for  rne  to  give  you  descriptions  of  these 


THE   GUIDE. 


nt  structures.  Turn  over  the  pages  and  you  will  find  them  all 
described  in  alphabetical  order.  If  we  go 

Xorth,  of  Randolph  tff."fff,  on  Michigan  ave.,  we  will  land  in  the  heart  of 
the  grocery  district,  or  wo  may  find  ourselves  on  the  Rush  st.  bridge,  from 
which  we  can  see  the  docks  of  the  Goodrich  and  Graham  &  Morton  and  other 
lake  steamship  companies.  [See  "  Water  Transportation."]  A  pleasant  trip 
across  the  lake  to  St.  Joseph,  Mich.,  or  up  the  lake  to  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  may 
be  taken  any  morning  or  any  evening  from  these  docks.  The  steamers  are 
built  for  rough  service  because  weather  as  stormy  as  any  experienced  on  the 
ocean  is  frequently  met  with  on  the  lake.  They  are  elegantly  furnished  and 
are  perfectly  safe. 

A  Trip  to  Milwaukee  should  be  taken  by  all  means  before  you  leave  the 
city.  Start  in  the  morning,  if  possible.  If  the  day  is  clear,  you  will  have  a 
splendid  view  of  the  entire  water  front  of  Chicago  from  the  lake.  All  the  way 
to  Milwaukee  the  steamer  keeps  within  sight  of  the  shore,  and  you  will  see 
the  beautiful  suburbs  which  dot  the  coast  between  the  two  cities.  Milwaukee 
is  in  itself  worthy  of  a  visit.  It  is  beautifully  situated,  rising  to  quite  an 
elevation  above  Lake  Michigan.  [See  "Tributary  Cities  and  Towns."  |  If  we 


THE  PALMER  HOUSE.— See  Buildings. 

walk  west  on  Randolph  st.,  and  south  on  Wabash  ave.  we  will  still  be  in  a 
section  of  the  wholesale  district  given  over  to  heavy  merchandise.  On  the 
corner  of  Randolph  st.  and  Wabash  ave.  is  the  great  lithographing  estab- 
lishment of 

The  Orcutt  Company.— Across  the  avenue  is  the  wholesale  grocery  house 
of  Franklin,  McVeagh  &  Co.  Should  we  follow  Wabash  ave.  to  the  north  we 
would  land  at  the  Rush  st.  bridge  again.  I  won't  take  you  down  this  way, 
because  the  streets  are  filled  with  heavy  wagons,  the  drivers  are  not  in  the 
best  of  humor  always,  and  the  sidewalks  as  a  rule  ai-e  pretty  well  covered 
with  barrels  and  boxes  and  merchandise  of  a  miscellaneous  character,  which 
is  being  handled  on  skids  between  the  wagons  and  the  warehouse  fronts. 
There  are  some  great  concerns  in  this  section,  among  the  foremost  being  the 
Hibbard,  Spencer  &  Bartlett  company,  dealers  in  hardware  and  cutlery. 
There  are  great  grocery  houses  and  drug  houses  down  this  way.  If  we  go 
north  as  far  as  River  st.  we  will  come  to  the  house  of  Hoyt  &  Company, 
upon  which  we  will  find  an  inscription  telling  us  that  it  occupies  the 


70  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Site  of  Old  Fort  Dearborn.— Beyond  is  the  great  soap  factory  of  the  Kirks, 
alluded  to  before.  I  will  leave  you  here  to  decide  for  yourself  whether  it  is 
worth  while  to  take  the  risk  of  being  crushed  to  death  or  run  over,  but  before 
parting  with  you  I  would  suggest  that  you  visit  some  of  these  great  ware- 
houses if  you  would  like  to  get  an  idea  of  the  methods  pursued  by  Chicago 
business  men.  You  will  be  treated  courteously,  but  don't  get  in  the  way. 


SIXTH  Df\Y. 

Wabash  Ave— A  Thoroughfare  in  a  State  of  Transition— Changes  of  Re- 
cent Years— Residences  Give  Way  to  Business  Blocks— The  Handsom- 
est Street  in  Chicago— Special  Lines  of  Trade  Grouped— The  Carriage 
District,  Varnish  District,  etc— Kimball  Building  and  Kimball  Hall— A 
Popular  Composer— Great  Millinery  and  Gi-ocery  Houses— Gunpowder 
and  Cigars. 

Dickens  tells  us  in  one  of  his  novels  of  a  London  thoroughfare  which  at  the 
time  of  his  story  was  passing  through  that  unhappy  stage  of  transition  when 
people  had  begun  to  abandon  it  as  a  residence  street,  but  as  yet  other  people 
had  not  looked  upon  it  as  a  desirable  avenue  for  trade.  For  nearly  twenty 
years  Wabash  ave.  has  been  going  down  hill  as  a  i-esidence  street.  There  has 
never  been  any  doubt  but  that  some  day  it  would  become  one  of  the  great" 
est  commercial  avenues  of  the  city ;  yet  up  to  five  years  ago  the  process  of 
transformation  south  of  Van  Buren  st.  was  exceedingly  slow.  For  many 
years  the  ground  laid  bare  by  the  great  fire  of  July,  1874,  was  permitted  to 
lie  vacant,  the  owners  being 

Uncertain  as  to  the  Future. — There  was  no  demand  for  handsome  resi- 
dences north  of  Twenty-second  st.  and  rentals  sufficient  to  justify  the  erec- 
tion of  large  business  blocks  could  not  be  obtained.  The  ground  was  too 
valuable  for  small  buildings,  so  that  the  street  remained  at  a  standstill.  The 
Auditorium  enterprise,  however,  attracted  attention  to  South  Wabash  ave., 
and  during  the  past  years  real  estate  transactions  on  that  thoroughfare 
have  been  very  active.  Down  on  this  avenue,  but  too  far  south  for  our  pur- 
poses, is  Havlin's  cozy  theatre,  and  here,  near  Sixteenth  st.,  is  the  Libby 
Prison  museum.  You  will  probably  visit  both  of  these  places,  as  well  as  the 
numerous  houses  of  entertainment  which  are  open  day  and  night  along  this 
thoroughfare.  Among  these  are  the  cycloramas,  the  Battle  of  Getty.sburg 
being  an  established  attraction ;  the  John  Bi'own  fort,  the  Subterranean 
theatre,  Haverly's  casino,  etc.  [See  "Amusements."]  Elegant  buildings-are 
making  their  appearance  all  through  this  section  now.  They  are  not  of  the 
sky  scraper  order,  but  they  are  architecturally  beautiful  and  meet  a  demand 
which  is  growing  in  this  vicinity  for  retail  houses.  I  have  always  looked 
upon  Wabash  ave.  as 

The  Finest  Business  Street  in  Chicago.— It  is  of  greater  uniform  width 
than  any  of  the  others  in  the  center  of  the  city  and  the  buildings  north  of 
Congress  st.  are  almost  of  uniform  height.  Looking  north  from  the  Audito- 
rium, magnificent  buildings  line  the  avenue  on  either  side  as  far  as  the  eye 
can  reach.  Some  of  the  most  beautiful  commercial  structures  in  the  city  are 
to  be  seen  along  here.  To  the  south  and  north  of  the  Auditorium  building 
we  pass  through  the  carriage  district.  It  is  remarkable  how  the  different 
departments  of  trade  finally  become  consolidated.  Here  we  find  one  carriage 
repository  after  another.  Then  we  step  right  into  the  varnish  district,  where 
a  score  of  firms  are  engaged  in  the  varnish,  paint  and  oil  traffic.  Another 
distinctive  district  merges  into  this.  It  is  occupied  by  dealers  in  marble  and 
wooden  mantels,  picture  mouldings,  etc,,  and  here,  between  241  and  263,  we 
find  ourselves  in  a  hive  of  subscription  book  publishers.  But  don't  be^fright- 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
THE  PULLMAN  BUILDING,  S.  W.  COR.  MICHIGAN  AVE.  AND  ADAMS  ST. 

[See  Pages  74  -189.] 


78  GUIDE    TO    CHICAGO. 

ened.  The  safest  place  on  the  battle-field  is  under  the  ammunition  wagon' 
We  must  hurry  along  here.  The  show  windows  :<_iv  seductive  and  \\on> 
meant  to  detain  us.  Let  us  drop  into  the  different  store-rooms  and  see  the 
displays  of  books,  paintings,  engravings,  ornamental  marble  work,  fine  fur- 
niture, etc.,  etc., which  are  temptingly  arranged  all  along  here.  We  reach  the 
magnificent 

W.  W.  Kimball  building,  in  which  is  located  Kimball  hall,  one  of  the 
finest  structures  on  the  avenue.  [See  "Kimball  Hall." j  The  Kimball  and 
the  building  adjoining  are  occupied  by  music  teachers  principally,  and  by 
persons  connected  with  the  imisic  trade.  Kimball  hall  is  upstairs,  over  the 
handsome  warerooms  of  the  W.  W.  Kimball  Company.  Passing  up  the  ave- 
nue we  stand  here  and  there  admiringly  in  front  of  the  picture  store  and  iur- 
niture  store  windows,  of  which  there  are  many,  and  we  find  the  day  wearing 
rapidly  away  as  we  pass  from  Wirts  &  Sholle's  into  O'Brien's  art  gallery. 
Although  State  st.  has  monopolized  the  retail  dry  goods  trade  for  many 
years, 

James  H.  Walker  &  Co.  have  so  established  themselves  down  here  now 
that  customers  leave  the  big  thoroughfare  to  the  west  naturally  and  no 
longer  feel  that  they  are  going  out  of  their  way  when  they  step  over  to 
Wabash  ave.  Alexander  H.  Revell's  furniture  house  is  close  by.  Before  we 
leave  this  corner  of  Adams  st.,  I  want  to  call  your  attention  to  the  establish- 
ment of  the 

Root  &  Sons  Music  Company.— This  house  was  founded  by  the  popular 
composer,  George  F.  Root,  whose  songs  you  have  either  sung  yourself  or 
listened  to  in  the  good  old  days.  It  is  one  of  the  largest  music  houses  in  the 
country.  At  No.  204  we  find  Brentano's,  the  Chicago  branch  of  one  of  the 
leading  book  and  periodical  houses  of  the  world.  Brentano's  establish- 
ments may  be  found  in  London,  Paris  and  New  York.  Here  you  will  find  any- 
thing that  is  standard  in  foreign  and  domestic  literature,  guide-books, 
periodicals,  newspapers,  etc.  The  next  block  is  given  over  to  picture  stores, 
photographers,  publishers,  fancy  goods  dealers,  cloak  and  suit  estab- 
lishments, etc.,  and  the  windows  are  all  attractive.  The  great  millinery 
house  of 

Keith  &  Co.  is  at  our  right  as  we  pas.s  up,  and  it  seems  to  be  the  gather- 
ing place,  just  at  present,  of  all  the  milliners  in  the  country.  They  are  here 
making  their  fall  purchases.  One  after  another  now  we  pass  smaller  but  no 
less  attractive  millinery  stores,  that  branch  of  trade  having  found  a  center 
in  this  vicinity.  Yes,  they  are  all  wholesale  houses,  exclusively.  S.  A. 
Maxwell's  well  known  house  is  passed,  and  in  the  vicinity  are  a  number  of 
publishers  and  fancy  goods  stores.  The  monotony  is  broken  by  the  great 
family  grocery  house  of 

Charles  H.  Slack.— This  is  a  concern  of  genuine  Chicago  proportions. 
It  i*  one  of  the  largest,  handsomest  and  most  complete  retail  grocery 
houses  on  the  continent.  The  show  windows  are  themselves  a  treat.  Now 
we  pass  the  headquarters  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society  and 
the  American  Tract  Society,  and  we  find  ourselves  entering  the  great  pub- 
lishing and  book  house  of 

A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.,  which  has  grown  up  with  Chicago  and  occupies 
a  position  second  to  few  of  the  great  publishing  concerns  of  the  world. 
Here  you  will  find  several  floors  of  wide  area  given  over  to  the  display  of 
books  and  high  class  engravings.  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.  publish  extensively 
themselves  and  are  prepared  to  furnish  anything  from  a  single  volume  to 
an  outfit  for  a  public  library.  This  is  a  great  resort  for  people  of  literary 
taste,  and  I  am  proud  to  say  that  Chicago  people  of  literary  taste  are  very 
numerous.  There  is  a  large  number  of  interesting  houses  along  here. 
Here  is 

The  Tobey  Furniture  Company,  which  is  one  of  the  most  conspicuovis  con- 
cerns on  the  avenue,  partly  because  it  is  one  of  the  largest,  partly  because 
of  its  beautiful  front  and  partly  because  of  its  elegant  window  display.  This 
building  was  occupied  for  a  longtime  as  the  branch  house  of  A.T.  Stewart  & 


TIIK    C.UIDK.  79 

Co.  That  firm  came  out  West  with  the  idea  that  it  would  dose  up  a  number 
of  the  «rreat  Chicago  houses  which  were  outline  oft'  its  business  behind  the  • 
ears.  Finding  that  it  couldn't  close  up  the  Chicago  houses  it  did  the  next 
best  thing  and  closed  up  itself.  Afterward  the  great  store  rooms  were  occu- 
pied as  a  wholesale  hardware  concern,  now  out  of  existence,  bxit  it  remained 
for  the  Tobey  Company  to  give  the  corner  life  and  animation,  and  it  is  now 
one  of  the  establishments  which  is  making  Wabash  ave.  a  popular  street. 
Across  the  street  is  an  establishment  well  known  throughout  the  country 
and  in  Europe,  where  its  buyers  are  often  met  with.  This  is  the  house  of 

D.  B.  Fisk  &  Co. — Magnificent  both  as  to  exterior  and  to  interior.  It  is  a 
wholesale  millinery  house  of  the  highest  order,  antl  goods  are  shipped  from 
here  north,  south,  east  and  west  in  quantities  which  I  wouldn't  dare  to  esti- 
mate. But  wherever  you  go  you  hear  of  D.  B.  Fisk's  millinery,  and  wherever 
D.  B.  Fisk's  millinery  goes  the  loving  husband  and  the  indulgent  father  pays 
the  freight.  On  the  corner  diagonally  opposite  is  the  China,  glass,  porcelain, 
Dresdenware,  etc.,  etc.,  establishment  of 

French,  Potter  &  Wilson.— The  window  display  is  magnificent,  but  it  is 
only  a  hint  of  the  beautiful  and  the  pretty  and  the  costly  things  to  be  seen 
inside.  Nearly  everything  here  is  imported.  There  are  some  beautiful  lamps, 
some  charming  vases,  some  elegant  dinner  and  tea  sets;  but  we  must  move 
on  for  the'present.  You  can  come  back  and  take  your  own  time  later  in 
the  day.  We  now  come  to  the  business  college  of  Bryant  &  Statton.  This 
institution  has  turned  out  more  thoroughly  equipped  young  business  men 
than  any  other  in  the  country  Many  of  the  most  successful  merchants  in 
Chjcago  to-day  have  received  their  training  here.  It  will  be  worth  your 
while  to  go  up  and  take  a  stroll  through  the  college.  We  are  now  on  the 
outskirts  of  the  wholesale  grocery  district,  and  we  begin  to  see  evidences  of 
it  in  the  nvimber  of  cigar  signs,  gunpowder  signs,  etc.  I  don't  know  why 
gunpowder  and  wholesale  groceries  should  always  flock  together,  but  they 
do.  There  are  some  stove  establishments  and  wholesale  drug  stores  and 
chemist  supply  houses  here,  but  we  are  in  the  midst  of  the  wholesale  tobacco 
and  cigar  men  generally  speaking,  and  these  go  hand  in  hand  with  the  men 
who  handle  teas,  coffees,  sugar  and  molasses.  Here  is  the  Frazer  Lubrica- 
tor Company,  of  which  Mr.  George  B.  Swift,  formerly  Commissioner  of  Public 
Works,  is  president,  and  a  perfect  row  of -tea  houses.  In  Doggett's  building, 
at  No.  34,  there  is  about  a  hundred  commission  firms  doing  business  in  every 
branch  of  trade  related  nearly  or  remotely  to  the  grocery  business— from 
minced  meats  to  tallow  candles. 


SEVENTH    Df\Y 

The  City  Hall  and  Court  House— History  of  these  Great  Buildings— The  Court 
House  Bell— What  the  Structures  Cost— A  Trip  Through  City  Hall— The 
Health,  Detectives,  Fire  Alarm,  Mayor's  Offices,  Etc.—  The  Central  Sta- 
tion—Reporters' Room— The  Public  Library— Over  to  the  Court  House— 
The  Recorder's'  Sheriff's,  Coroner's,  Treasurer's  and  Other  Offices— The 
Courts — Divorce  Day — Motley  Crowds  in  Attendance. 

To-day  we  make  the  City  Hall  our  starting  point.  This  building,  and  the 
Cook  Coiinty  Court  House  adjoining,  stand  upon  the  site  of  the  Court  House 
destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of  1871.  The  old  Court  House  stood  in  the  center 
of  the  block  and  was  surrounded  by  a  green  lawn  in  the  nature  of  a  park. 
It  was  a  handsome  building  as  buildings  went  in  those  days,  and  had  a 
tower  in  which  there  was  a  clock  and  a  great  bell.  This  bell  rang  out  in  dole- 
ful peals  on  the  fatal  Sunday  night  in  October,  1871,  almost  up  to  the  moment 
the  tower  became  enveloped  in  flames.  After  the  fire  the  bruised  and 


80 


GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 


Battered  Bell  was  taken  from  the  ruins  by  an  enterprising  firm  and 
worked  up  into  souvenirs — watch  charms,  breast  pins,  etc.,  which  found  a 
ready  sale  and  commanded  good  prices.  So  great  was  the  demand  that 
several  hundred  tons  of  old  bell  metal  were  consumed  in  supplying  it  before 
the  intelligent  public  began  to  suspect  that  there  was  anything  wrong.  The 
foundations  of  the  new  Court  House  were  laid  in  1875.  The  labor  troubles 
incident  to  the  hard  times  in  1877  induced  the  city  government  to  begin  work 
on  the  City  Hall  in  that  year.  The  building  was  commenced  under  the 
administration  of  Mayor  Heath  and  finished  under  the  administration  of 
Mayor  Harrison.  It  is 

A  Stately  Pile,  as  you  perceive,  and  its  architecture  would  be  called 
Grecian  by  a  person  not  over  particular  in  regard  to  such  matters.  Although 

its  general  style  has 
been  subjected  to 
much  severe  criti- 
cism, it  is  some- 
thing in  its  favor  to 
say  that,  notwith- 
standing the  numer- 
ous magnificent 
piles  which  have 
been  erected  in  its 
neighborhood  dur- 
ing recent  years,  it 
is  still  t'ne  most 
Striking  and,  alto- 
gether, the  hand- 
somest structure  in 
the  city.  These  re- 
marks are  applic- 
able, of  course,  to 
the  Court  House, 
which  indesigmand 
finish  differs  very 
little  from  the  City 
Hall.  If  anything, 
the  Court  House  is 
a  little  the  hand- 
somer of  the  two, 
because  the  city  was 
retrenching  when 
the  City  Hall  was 
being  constructed, 
and  a  number  of 
costly  details  which 
entered  into  the 
Court  House  were 
dropped.  The  City 
Hall  building  as  it  is 
to-day  cost,  exclus- 
ive of  the  ground 
upon  which  it  stands,  very  nearly  $1,800,000.  The  cost  of  the  Court  House 
exceeds  the  figure  by  nearly  $1,000,000,  but  that  much  money  additional  didn't 
go  into  the  structure.  A  great  part  of  it  was  used  in  bribery,  in  election 
expenses  and  in  riotous  living. 

If  the  Walls  Could  Speak  they  would  tell  the  story  of  the  most  corrupt 
period  in  the  history  of  Cook  county  politics.  Some  of  the  living  ex-county 
commissioners,  by  the  way,  could,  if  they  felt  inclined,  tell  it  just  as  well. 
But  this  is  a  digression.  The  City  Hall  occupies  half  the  block  bounded  by 
Washington  st.  on  the  south,  Randolph  st.  on  the  north,  La  Salle  st.  on  the 
west  and  Clark  st.  on  the  east.  We  enter  it  from  the  Washington  st.  side, 
passing  into  the  tunnel-like  corridor  which  runs  the  entire  length  of  the  base- 


GREAT  NORTHERN  HOTEL.— See  Buildings. 


82  OTTDK    TO    CHTCAfiO. 

ment  from  Washington  to  Randolph  st.  The  first  offices  to  our  left  ar?  +hose 
occupied  by 

The  Health  Department.— Here  the  Commissioner  of  He?ith,  a  gentleman 
appointed  by  the  Mayor  is  in  charge.  He  has  a  large  corps  of  assistants, 
and  from  those  rooms  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  city  is  supposed  to  be 
regulated.  The  health  department  looks  after  ou_  back-yards,  our  back 
alleys  and  our  back  streets,  where  nobody  else  appears  to  be  interested.  It 
also  takes  a  peep  into  our  great  factories,  sees  that  work-shops  are  not 
over-crowded,  and  protects  the  better  classes  from  infection  arising  out  of- 
the  districts  occupied  by  the  other  classes-  It  also  vaccinates  us  on  demand, 
and  sends  us  to  the  small-pox  hospitals  at  times,  if  we  have  neglected  the 
modern  precaution  of  inoculation.  But  small-pox  in  Chicago  is  very  rare, 
and  the  "  pest  house  "  keeper  of  late  years  has  been  living  a  life  of  ease  and 
drawing  the  salary  of  a  sinecure.  If  you  will  step  inside  they  will  tell  you 
that  Chicago  is  the  healthiest  city  on  earth.  Only  eighteen  out  of  every 
thousand  of  us  die  or  get  run  over  or  fall  down  elevator  shafts  every  year. 
Just  across  the  corridor  to  your  right  is  the 

City  Detective  Office. — The  people,  and  more  especially  the  newspapers,  of 
Chicago,  are  inclined  to  be  cynical.  You  will  probably  hear  that  the  city 
detectives  are  organized  for  the  purpose  of  allowing  criminals  to  escape, 
and  that  the  safest  place  for  a  thief  is  under  the  very  nose  of  one  of  the 
municipal  sleuths,  but  you  must  pay  no  attention  to  this  kind  of  talk,  for, 
while  the  detectives  capture  thousands  of  rogues  every  year,  they  are  sel- 
dom spoken  of  unless  in  connection  with  the  escape  of  some  criminal.  The 
city  detectives  do  a  great  deal  of  really  creditable  work  that  the  public  is 
never  informed  of.  The  real  clever  men  in  the  detective  department  are 

Modest  and  Unknown,  so  that  when  somebody  points  out  to  you  on  the 
street  a  person  with  the  make-up  of  a  Vidoq  and  calls  him  one  of  the  shrewd- 
est sleuths  on  the  force,  you  may  assume  that  this  person  is  a  detective  for 
parade  purposes  only.  Inside  the  detective  department  is 

The  "  Sweat-Box,"  where  criminals.or  suspected  criminals,  are  subjected 
to  the  "pumping"  process  before  they  are  regularly  committed.  Some  out- 
rages have  been  committed  in  this  same  "sweat-box,"  and  it  isn't  popular 
with  the  people.  It  smacks  of  the  inquisition,  and  the  methods  sometimes 
pursued  in  "pumping"  prisoners  are  repugnant  to  the  American  idea  of 
fair  play.  The  detectives  dress  in  plain  clothing.  They  are  generally  picked 
from  the  police  force  proper  and  are  presumed  to  be  intelligent  men.  Across 
the  corridor  to  the  left  is  the 

Central  Police  Station — This  is  in  reality  a  sub-station  of  the  First  pre- 
cinct, but  at  the  same  time,  by  reason  of  its  situation,  is  the  most  important 
police  station  in  the  city.  In  olden  times  —  that  is,  about  thirty  years 
ago — when  Lake  st.  was  the  leading  thoroughfare  of  the  city,  the  handsom- 
est men  on  the  police  force  were  detailed  for  duty  upon  its  crossings.  These 
men  composed  what  came  to  be  known  as 

"  The  Lake  Street  Squad."— Later  on,  as  the  city  grew  and  other  streets 
became  as  great  as  Lake  and  even  greater,  additional  details  of  a  like  charac- 
ter were  drawn  from  the  force  proper.  Then  the  railroad  depots  and  bridges 
demanded  men.  Finally  the  various  squads  were  consolidated  into  the  Central 
Detail.  The  police  of  this  station  perform  day  duty  in  the  center  of  the  city, 
exclusively.  They  have  charge  of  the  bridges,  railroad  depots,  public  places 
generally  and  street  crossings.  In  the  night  they  are  relieved  by  patrolmen 
from  the  First  precinct  station.  There  is  a  procession  of  visitors  to  the 
central  station  all  day  long.  The  great  majority  of  minor  crimes  are  com- 
mitted in  the  business  district.  Pick-pockets,  sneak-thieves,  confidence  men, 
etc.,  arrested  by  the  detectives,  are  brought  in  here.  Here  also  reports  are 
received  from  all  the  precinct  stations.  We  are  shown  into 

The  Reporters'  Boom,  where  reporters  of  the  city  press  maybe  found  from 
morn  till  night,  from  night  till  rosy  morn,  waiting  and  watching  for  the 
reports  which  come  over  the  telephone,  or  are  handed  in  by  special  messen- 
gers from  the  various  precinct  stations.  Here  the  first  news  of  accidents, 
murders  and  crimes  generally  is  received.  When  a  crime  or  accident  of 


THE   GUIDE.  83 

unusual  importance  is  reported,  the  representatives  of  the  press  immediately 
notify  their  city  editors  by  telephone,  and  are  relieved  of  further  responsi- 
bility, as  men  are  dispatched  from  the  newspaper  offices  to  the  scene  of  the 
occurrence.  Minor  affairs  only,  as  a  rule,  are  followed  up  by  the  police  report- 
ers, who  are  expected  to  remain  at  or  near  their  posts  constantly  until 
relieved.  Many  of  the  leading-  journalists  of  the  city  have  begun  as  police 
reporters.  The  central  station  is  a  great. 

School  for  Newspaper  Men,  as  there  is  an  opportunity  hero  of  becoming 
acquainted  with  evei'y  phase  of  metropolitan  existence.  Along  the  COTTI- 
dor  various  other  offices  are  devoted  to  the  affairs  of  the  police  department 
but  the  work  done  is  principally  clerical  and  uninteresting.  To  our  left  as 
we  move  toward  the  north  are 

The  Fire  Alarm  Offices. — These  are  interesting  to  visitors.  Here  all 
alarms  of  fire  are  received,  and  from  these  offices  all  alarms  are  sounded 
on  the  gongs  of  the  numerous  engine-houses.  There  are  no  alarm  bells  in 
the  city.  The  apparatus,  as  you  see,  is  beautiful;  its  operation  is  marvel- 
ous. At  first  sight,  all  those  instruments  of  shining  brass  and  nickel,  ever 
maintained  at  the  highest  state  of  polish,  may  appear  complicated,  but  to 
the  operators  they  are  simplicity  itself.  While  you  are  looking  on,  the 
simple  turning  of  a  switch  may  arouse  the  entire  fire  department,  an-l  for  that 
matter  the  entire  city ;  but  you  have  no  knowledge  that  perhaps  a  neigh- 
borhood is 

In  a  State  of  Panic,  for  the  silent  fluttering  of  a  hand  on  one  of  the  dials,  or 
the  almost  imperceptible  clicking  of  an  instrument  no  large  rthan  your  hat  are 
meaningless  to  you.  While  the  fire  department  is  battling  with  the  "demon 
destroyer,"  as  the  country  reporter  loves  to  call  it,  arid  a  howling,  crazy 
mob  is  being  held  in  check  by  the  police,  the  operator  sits  here  in  peace  and 
quiet,  waiting  for  the  "out"  signal,  which  is  sometimes  too  long  delayed  for 
the  good  of  the  piiblic  and  the  happiness  of  the  fire  insui'ance  companies. 
We  can  spend  an  hour  in  here  very  pleasantly  and  very  profitably,  if  the 
operators  are  not  too  busy  to  talk.  We  walk  to  the  end  of  the  corridor,  as- 
cend one  flight  of  stairs  to  the  first  floor,  and  move  toward  the  south  along 
a  higher  and  a  brighter  corridor.  To  our  left  is 

The  City  Collector's  Office,  where  clerical  work  only  is  performed,  the 
city  collector  being  a  person  who  has  much  to  do  with  licenses,  brewers  and 
saloon-keepers,  but  across  the  the  hall  are 

The  Water  Offices,  several  in  number,  and  all  more  or  less  crowded  during 
business  hours.  Here  we  pay  our  water  rates,  make  complaints  about  leak- 
ages, arrange  for  supplies,  etc.  Turn  to  "V/ater  Works"  in  this  book, 
notice  the  statistics  of  the  department,  and  you  will  comprehend  what  an 
immense  amount  of  business  all  these  clerks  transact  every  day.  A  little 
further  on  are  the  offices  of  the 

Department  of  Public  Works. — Hei*e  the  entire  machinery  connected  with 
the  public  works  of  the  city  of  Chicago  is  operated.  This  includes  so  much 
that  it  would  require  half  a  day  to  tell  you  all  about  it.  The  Public  Works 
department,  however,  cares  for  our  streets,  our  sewers,  our  bridges,  our  via- 
ducts, etc. ;  besides,  it  plans  and  executes  all  improvements  and  supervises 
the  operation  of  corporations,  such  as  street  car  companies,  gas  companies, 
electric  companies,  etc.,  whenever  these  corporations  are  granted  franchises 
to  tear  up  or  occupy  our  streets,  and  that  means  a  great  deal  more  than  you 
will  be  able  to  understand  during  a  brief  visit  to  Chicago,  for  private  cor- 
porations are  granted  privileges  here  that  they  would  not  dare  ask,  perhaps, 
in  the  city  you  came  from.  The  rest  of  this  floor  is  given  up  to  the  bureau 
offices,  the  Comptroller's  offices,  etc.,  of  no  particular  interest  to  you. 
Taking  one  of  the  elevators  at  the  northern  end  of  the  building  to  the  next 
floor,  we  find 

The  Mayor's  Office  at  our  right.  The  mayor's  office  consists  of  a  suite  of 
rooms.  The  outer  office  is  occupied  by  private  secretaries.  Then  comes  an 
immense  reception  room,  and,  back  of  this  is  the  sanctuary.  Here  the  mayor 
of  the  gi'eat  city  of  Chicago  entertains  his  most  distinguished  callers.  Alder- 


84  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

men  who  happen  for  the  moment  to  be  in  touch  with  him,  and  perhaps,  now 
and  then,  but  not  often,  an  ordinary  citizen  who  has  a  request  to  make  or  a 
grievance  to  ventilate.  A  great  deal  depends  upon  the  man  who  happens  to 
be  mayor  at  the  time  you  call.  He  may  be  an  agreeable  gentleman  who 
hasn't  forgotten,  and  doesn't  forget,  that  he  is  the  paid  servant  of  the  peo- 
ple, or  he  may  be  an  individual  who  believes  he  is 

Mayor  by  Divine  Right,  was  born  to  the  position  and  has  really  done  the 
people  a  great  kindness  by  consenting  to  fill  it.  But  whatever  his  ideas  may 
be,  he  is  not  robed  in  scarlet,  as  are  the  mayors  of  some  little  European 
cities,  nor  is  he  waited  on  by  a  uniformed  attendant.  He  is  usually  a  plain 
man — sometimes  very  plain — who  can  be  easily  approached  by  the  common 
people.  The  next  floor  is  given  over  to  bureau  and  department  offices.  On 
the  fourth  floor  is 

The  Council  Chamber,  a  large  and  handsome  assembly  room  where  the 
sixty-eight  aldermen  meet  and  legislate  for  the  people.  The  remainder  of 
this  floor  is  occupied  by 

The  Public  Library,  which  is  described  in  this  book.  We  will  be  able  to 
spend  the  remainder  of  the  day  very  pleasantly  here,  if  we  can  intei-- 
est  the  librarian  or  one  of  his  assistants  in  our  behalf.  There  are  more 
books  circulated  by  this  library  now  than  by  any  other  in  the  United  States, 
not  even  excepting  Boston's.  The  collection  of  books  is  very  complete  and 
is  being  added  to  annually.  At  the  present  rate  of  increase  we  will  have  one 
of  the  largest  libraries  in  the  world  within  a  very  few  years.  I  have  not 
called  your  attention  to  the 

Crowds  in  the  City  Hall,  because  it  wasn't  necessary.  You  have  been 
jostled  by  them  at  every  stage  of  our  trip.  What  so  many  men  are  doing 
here  all  day  long  I  can't  tell  you,  because  I  don't  know.  But  they  are  to  be 
found  here  every  day,  hanging  around  the  corridors,  with  no  apparent  aim 
in  life,  and,  judging  from  the  faces  of  most  of  them,  without  much  hope  of  a 
hereafter.  A  great  many  of  them  are  political  "wire-pullers,"  "workers  in 
the  wards,"  "friends"  of  the  office  holders,  etc.  The  fact  that  they  have 
some  connection  in  some  mysterious  way  with  men  occupying  influential 
positions  prevents  the  police  from  arresting  them  on  charges  of  vagrancy. 
If  you  wish,  we  will  take  a  look  at 

The  Cells  in  the  Basement,  also  at  the  collection  of  stolen  goods  in  the 
hands  of  the  custodian.  This  will  not  require  much  time,  because  the  cells 
are  not  very  numerous  here  nor  is  the  custodian's  collection  particularly 
interesting.  We  will  go  over  to 

The  Court  House,  entering  this  building  also  from  the  Washington  st. 
side.  And  here  it  might  be  remarked  that  the  main  entrance  to  the  Court 
House  is  up  a  flight  of  granite  steps  in  the  center  of  the  structure  on  Clark 
st.  The  main  entrance  to  the  City  Hall  is  by  a  similar  flight  of  steps  on  La 
Salle  st.  Both  entrances  are 

Grand  in  Proportion  and  beautiful  in  design.  But  it  is  more  convenient 
to  begin  at  the  very  bottom.  We  enter  another  tunnel-like  corridor,  and 
before  proceeding  farther,  I  might  as  well  tell  you  that  the  entire  building  is 
occupied  by  the  various  county  offices  and  courts ;  that,  immense  as  it  is,  it 
fails  to  accommodate  all  of  them,  some  of  the  offices  and  courts  being  located 
in  the  Criminal  Court  building  on  the  North  side,  and  that  two  additional 
stories  are  to  be  put  on  this  building.  How  it  will  look  with  two  additional 
stories  I  don't  know.  It  is  claimed  that 

The  Symmetry  of~the  Structure  will  be  destroyed.  Certain  it  is  that  if  two 
stories  are  not  also  added  to  the  City  Hall  the  latter  building  will  present  an 
extremely  dumpy  and  unsatisfactory  appearance.  The  original  design  was 
never  carried  out.  There  was  to  be  a  great  dome  over  the  united  buildings. 
The  city  and  county  failed  to  agree  to  the  expenditure  of  the  requisite  money, 
and  the  dome  was  dropped  out.  With  a  six-story  Court  House  and  a  four- 
story  City  Hall,  of  course  a  dome  in  the  future  will  be  out  of  the  question, 
unless  the  City  Hall  side  of  it  is  to  be  supported  on  props.  This  might  be 
picturesque,  but  it  would  hardly  be  considered  in  the  light  of  an  artistic 


86 


GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 


triumph.  Yet,  Chicago  has  passed  through  so  many  ordeals  unscathed  that 
we  have  reason  to  hope  the  Court-House-City-Hall  question  will  be  settled  to 
everybody's  satisfaction  in  the  end.  Passing  a  number  of  uninteresting 
county  offices  we  come  to  the 

County  Recorder's  Office,  where  all  transfers  of  real  property  in  Cook 
county  are  registered.  As  settlement  of  questions  of  ownership  must  finally 
be  determined  by  the  records  of  this  office,  its  importance  will  be  under- 
stood, The  great  fire  of  1871  destroyed  all  the  records  of  Cook  county  and  it 
was  a  herculean  task  to  restoi-e  them.  The  most  important  of  these  records, 
of  course,  were  those  upon  which  the  ownership  of  real  estate  was  estab- 
lished or  proved.  Many  thousands  of  deeds  were  also 

Lost  in  the  Great  Fire,  so  that  endless  confusion  and  litigation  might 
have  resulted  had  there  not  been  in  existence  here  private  institutions  which 

kept  abstracts  of  all  land  or 
real  estate  titles.  [See 
"Abstracts  of  Title."  |  These 
assisted  very  materially  in 
straightening  things  out, 
and,  with  the  aid  of  expeits 
in  the  business,  the  county 
was  soon  in  possession  once 
more  of  complete  records. 
The  business  of  the  Recor- 
der's office  is  extremely  dry 
and  tedious,  yet  you  will  be 
interested  in  watching  the 
people  who  are  constantly 
handing  in  deeds  and  mort- 
gages through  a  little  win- 
dow to  be  recorded,  and  con- 
stantly receiving  them 
through  another  little  win- 
dow after  they  have  been 
recorded.  Most  of  them  are 
lawyers'  clerks,  real  estate 
dealers  and  money  brokers. 
Passing  other  offices  of  minor 
importance,  we  come  to 
those  occupied  by 

The  Sheriff,  at  the  ex- 
t  r  e  m  e  northeastern  corner 
of  the  building.  The  Sheriff 
is  elected  by  the  people,  as 
perhaps  you  know,  and  has 
the  peace  and  good  order  of 
the  county  in  h  i  s  especial 
charge.  Yet,  as  the  city  of 
Chicago  covers  the  greater 
part  of  the  county  just  now,  or  at  least  the  most  important  part  of  it,  the 
police  duties  of  the  Sheriff  are  rather  limited.  He  looks  after  the  jail  and 
the  courts,  his  deputies  being,  as  it  were,  like  the  sand  on  the  sea  shore. 
The  bailiffs  are  his  iinderlings,  and 

The  Litigant  is  His  Victim— From  the  sheriff's  offices  all  siimmonses  of 
the  state  courts  are  served.  One  of  the  duties  of  this  official  is  to  hang  a 
man,  for  example's  sake,  periodically.  But  he  does  this  by  contract,  as  he 
does  nearly  everything  else,  from  the  feeding  of  jail  prisoners  to  the  sup- 
pression of  public  tumults.  In  the  basement,  near  the  sheriff's  office,  we 
also  find 

The  Coroner's  Office.— The  coroner  has  a  number  of  deputies  [see  "  Coro- 
ner's Inquests  "],  and  in  a  big  city  like  Chicago  they  are  all  kept  busy.  There 
are  sudden  deaths,  suicides,  deaths  from  accident,  homicides  and  murders 


MONADNOCK  BUILDING. —  See  Buildings. 


THE    GUIDE.  87 

to  be  investigated,  and  the  coroner  or  his  deputies  must  be  on  hand  before 
Ihe  funerals  take  place.  The  deputies  must  be  acquainted  with  ail  lan- 
guages and  must  speak  many  of  them,  the  English  tongue,  strange  as  it  may 
appear,  being  the  least  requisite  in  the  transaction  of  their  business.  This 
might  be  explained  easily  by  saying  that  the  great  majority  of  the  working 
people  of  the  city,  among  whom  accidents  are  the  most  frequent,  are  for- 
eigners. Climbing  a  flight  of  stairs,  we  reach  the  first,  or 

Main  Floor  of  the  Court  House.— Here  the  County  Clerk's  office  invites  our 
attention  because  of  the  multitude  of  clerks  we  see  inside,  nearly  every  one 
of  whom  wears  a  light  blonde  mustache.  The  fact  that  the  county  clerk  is 
invariably  a  German  or  an  Irishman,  perhaps  accounts  for  this.  The  clerks 
are  nice  young  men,  as  a  rule,  and  will  answer  any  questions  you  may  put 
to  them,  if  they  understand  your  language.  In  the  county  clerk's  office  we 
find  the  marriage  license  clerk.  [See  "Marriage  Licenses."]  It  will  be 
interesting  to  remain  here  awhile  and  take  note  of  the  persons  who  apply 
for  legal  permission  to  wed.  Most  of  them  are 

Oaivky  Young  Men. — Why  they  should  be  gawky  it  is  hard  to  say,  but  a 
young  man  who  is  naturally  easy  in  his  manner  becomes  a  gawk  when  he 
has  any  business  of  this  kind  on  hand.  He  isn't  used  to  it,  and  he  is  afraid 
that  something  will  happen  to  prevent  the  consummation  of  his  wishes. 
Many  are  widowers  who  are  willing  to  take  another  risk,  and  not  a  few  are 
men  who  have  been  divorced  for  cause.  He  is  a  very  rare  sort  of  man  who 
can  not,  somehow,  somewhere  or  sometime  find  a  mate,  and  we  see  here  all 
sorts  and  conditions  of  male  humanity— from  the  bandy-legged  to  the  hump- 
backed—who have  proposed  and  have  been  accepted.  Our  next  stopping 
place  is 

The  County  Treasurer' suffice. — I  wrill  have  to  ask  you  to  refer  to  the  in- 
dex that  you  may  acquaint  yourself  with  the  condition  of  Cook  county 
finances.  This  is  no  place  for  dry  details,  nor  for  figures.  We  pay  our 
taxes  here ;  we  pay  a  great  deal  of  money  into  the  County  Treasurer's  hands 
for  taxes  every  year,  and  he  pays  a  great  deal  out  to  meet  the  current  and 
other  expenses  of  county  government.  If  all  the  money  received  and  paid 
out  had  been  honestly  applied  during  the  past  twenty-five  years,  we  might 
have  had  a  gold-burnished  dome  on  the  top  of  the  City  Hall  and  Court  House 
buildings  to-day,  besides  a  number  of  other  things  equally  desirable  if  not 
quite  so  ornamental.  But  the  tax-payers  are  not  grumbling.  In  view  of  all 
the  circumstances  they  congratulate  themselves  that  even  a  small  percent- 
age of  the  revenue  has  been  used  for  public  purposes.  Of  late  years  the 
stealing  has  not  been  so  great,  principally  because  the  opportunities  have 
not  been  so  numerous.  The  County  Treasurer's  office  is  one  of  the  most  in- 
teresting in  the  Court  House,  for  here  we  find  people  who  have,  by 

Honest  Toil  and  Industry,  secured  solid  property,  cheerfully,  though  not 
voluntarily,  contributing  their  share  towards  the  payment  of  public  expenses. 
Men  and  women,  old  and  young,  are  here,  native  and  foreigner,  with  their 
tax  bills  in  one  hand  and  their  purses  or  rolls  of  money  in  the  other,  await- 
ing their  turns  in  the  long  lines  that  radiate  from  the  different  windows. 
Going  up  another  flight  of  stairs  we  find  ourselves 

Among  the  Courts. — Including  the  County  and  Probate  courts  there  are 
nineteen  halls  of  justice  in  the  Court  House.  Some  of  these  are  Superior  and 
some  Circuit  courts.  The  difference  between  them  you  would  not  appreciate 
if  told.  They  have  practically  equal  jurisdiction.  Only  the  civil  courts,  how- 
ever, are  held  here.  The  criminal  courts  are  held  on  the  North  side  in  the 
Criminal  Court  building.  The  court  rooms,  together  with  the  Superior  and 
Circuit  Court  Clerk's  offices,  occupy  the  second,  third  and  fourth  floors  of  the 
Court  House.  The  court  rooms  are  all  handsomely  finished.  They  are 
generally  crowded.  If  you  see  one  you  see  all.  Saturday  is  given  over  to 

Divorce  Cases  in  the  Superior  Court,  and,  if  your  taste  lies  in  that  direc- 
tion, you  might  spend  a  highly  enjoyable  day  listening  to  the  tt  stimony  and 
looking  at  the  complainants,  witnesses  and  other  spectators.  The  court 
crowd  is  always  a  motly  one,  and  mostly  a  rather  interesting  one.  There 
are  men  and  women  who,  like  little  Miss  Flight,  spend  day  after  day  in  these 


88  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

courts,  with  no  oilier  object  in  view  than  the  satisfaction  of  an  insane  or  an 
idle  curiosity.  They  will  listen  to  the  dreariest  testimony  with  a  degree  of 
interest  that  fills  the  wearied  juror  and  jaded  judge  with  shame. 


EIGHTH    DfVY. 

Down  La  Salle  from  Lake  St.— An  Avenue  of  Commercial  Palaces— Marine 
Building— Jackson  Hall— Metropolitan  Block—"  Uncle  Jesse"  and  "  Uncle 
Phil"— Merchants  Building— Union  Building— Chamber  of  Commerce 
Building— Its  Beautiful  Interior— Marble  Mosaics  and  Bronze— Tacoma 
Building— Otis,  Major,  Republic,  Bryan  Buildings— The  Temple— Descrip- 
tion of  the  Beautiful  Structure— Calumet  and  Home  Insurance  Build- 
ings—The Union  National  Bank— Armour  &  Co.— The  Rookery— Board  of 
Trade  District. 

To-day  I  propose  that  we  shall  begin  on  Lake  St.  and  walk  sou  oh  on 
La  Salle  st.  toward  the  Board  of  Trade.  We  will  try  to  reach  that  building 
before  night,  but  there  will  be  many  attractions  to  detain  us  on  the  way — 
among  them  some  of  the  grandest  and  greatest  buildings  on  the  globe. 
La  Salle  is  now,  and  has  been  for  many  years,  the  money  street  of  the  city. 
It  is  a  street  given  over  almost  exclusively  to  banking,  brokerage,  insur- 
ance, real  estate  and  general  office  purposes.  Dearborn  st.  is  its  only  rival. 
It  is  safe  to  say  that  there  is  a  greater  amount  of  business  transacted  on 
La  Salle  than  on  any  street  in  the  city.  All  this  business,  outside  of  the 
transactions  on  the  Board  of  Trade,  is  done  in  offices,  and  to  meet  the 
demand  for  offices  the  immense  and  elegant  structures  which  line  the  street 
on  either  side  were  erected.  Before  reaching  these,  however,  we  must  notice 
the 

Marine  Building,  on  the  N.  E.  Cor.  Lake  and  La  Salle,  not  so  much  on 
account  of  its  size  and  beauty,  but  because  of  the  associations  connected 
with  it.  The  building  was  originally  erected  to  accommodate  "  The  Marine 
Bank,"  at  one  time  a  great  financial  institution,  at  the  head  of  which  was 
the  late  John  Young  Scammon.  The  building,  which  has  recently  been  enlarged 
and  reconstructed,  is  owned  by  the  Marine  association,  which  is  composed 
of  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  Henry  C.  Durand,  John  H.  Dwight  and  C.  H.  Ham- 
ill.  It  is  a  seven-story  structure,  architecturally  ornate  and  perfect  in  all 
its  appointments  and  conveniences.  To  our  right,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
tunnel,  we  come  upon  a  three-story  building,  No.  49,  under  the  cornice  of 
which  we  see  the  name  "Jackson  Hall."  This  was 

"Long"1  John  Went  worth'1 8  Contribution  to  the  rebuilding  of  Chicago.  It 
will  not  be  deemed  unkind  to  the  memory  of  the  dead,  but  rather  the  state- 
ment of  an  historical  fact,  when  I  tell  you  that  perhaps  there  has  never  lived 
in  Chicago  a  man  with  the  means  of  doing  much  within  his  grasp,  who 
did  less  for  the  material  benefit  of  the  city  than  "Long"  John  Wentworth. 
And  it  would  not  be  worth  while  to  speak  of  this  here,  were  it  not  for  the 
other  historical  fact  that  during  the  greater  part  of  his  lifetime  "Long" 
John  Wentworth  talked  like  a  man  who  had  biiilt  the  city  at  his  own  expense 
and  presented  it  ready-made  to  the  public.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  street, 
across  the  mouth  of  the  timnel,  is 

The  Metropolitan  Block,  a  fine  building  of  the  fire  period,  but  hardly  up 
to  the  present  standard.  Just  over  the  way,  No.  48,  is  the  office  of  the 
Spaulding  Lumber  Company.  Here  you  will  see,  at  his  desk,  in  a  little  ante- 
room, the  Hon.  Jesse  Spaulding,  millionaire  lumberman,  formerly  collector 
at  this  port,  and  a.  man  of  great  prominence  and  large  influence  on  the 
Republican  eidt;  of  politics.  A  plain  man  is 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
"THE  TEMPLE,"  LA  SALLE  AND  MONROE  STS. 

[See  Pages  94-194-] 


90  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

"  Uncle  Jesse"  as  he  is  familiarly  called,  and  as  hard  a  worker  as  you 
will  find  on  the  street.  "Uncle  Jesse"  and  "Uncle"  "Phil"  Armour — the 
twenty-millionaire,  whom  we  will  see  farther  down — are  great  chums  and 
mutual  admirers.  A  genuine  regard,  bordering  upon  school  boy  affection, 
exists  between  them.  These  two  men  might  have  left  off  Work  ten  years  ago 
with  fortunes  large  enough  to  make  themselves  and  their  families  comfort- 
able during  all  the  years  of  their  lives,  but  they  are  happier  at  their  desks 
than  they  could  possibly  be  anywhere  else.  On  our  right,  at  the  S.  W.  Cor. 
of  Randolph  st.,  is  the  remodeled 

Lafayette  Building,  where  you  will  find  a  number  of  ocean  steamship 
agencies  and  the  French  consul.  Here  is  the  private  banking  house  of 
Peterson  &  Bay.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  street,  for  an  entire  block,  is 
the  La  Salle  st.  front  of  the  City  Hall.  To  your  right,  on  the  corner  of  the 
alley,  is  the 

Merchants  National  Bank,  which  occupies  a  building  made  notorious  in 
1877  by  the  failure  of  the  State  Savings  Institution,  of  which  D.  D.  Spencer 
was  president.  The  failure  of  this  bank  caused  great  distress  among  a  very 
large  number  of  industrious  working  people,  and  resulted  in  two  or  three 
suicides.  Spencer  fled  to  Europe,  and  lived  in  the  vicinity  of  Stuttgart  for 
several  years.  He  returned  to  Chicago  recently,  a  broken-down  man.  The  fail- 
ure of  the  State  Savings  Institution  was  followed  by  the  closing  of  the  Fidel- 
ity Savings  bank,  the  Merchants,  Farmers  and  Mechanics  ("Bee  Hive") 
Savings  bank,  and  some  others,  and  brought  savings  institutions  generally 
into  disrepute.  The  bank  at  present  occupying-  the  building  is  one  of  the 
most  substantial  in  the  country.  [See  "  Merchants  National  Bank."]  On  the 
N.  W.  Cor.  of  Washington  st.  is  the 

Merchants  Building,  in  which  is  located  the  National  Bank  of  America, 
one  of  our  leading  banking  houses.  [See  "  National  Bank  of  America."]  The 
Merchants  building1  was  erected  shortly  after  the  fire,  when  sandstone  was 
the  favorite  building  material,  and  when  it  was  customary  to  carry  the  main 
floor  to  some  height  above  the  street  level.  It  was  one  of  the  finest  buildings 
in  the  city  until  the  new  era  of  architecture  set  in.  Directly  across  Wash- 
ington  st.,  on  the  next  corner  to  our  right,  is 

The  Union  Building,  which  will  be  replaced  before  the  close  of  1894  by 
the  new  Stock  Exchange  building,  to  be  erected  by  the  Peck  estate.  The  Ex- 
change finds  itself  cramped  for  room  in  its  present  quarters.  The  new  building 
will  be  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  city.  The  Union  building  has  been  one 
of  the  most  familiar  in  the  city,  because  for  years  the  lower  and  upper  floors 
were  occupied  as  the  main  Western  Union  telegraph  office.  In  1892  the 

Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  purchased  the  Phoenix  building  [see 
"Buildings,"]  on  Jackson  st.,  opposite  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel,  where  the 
central  office  is  now  located.  Many  banking  institutions  have  occupied  the 
first  floor  of  the  Union  building.  The  headquarters  of  the  Military  Division 
of  the  Missouri  were  located  on  the  fourth  floor  of  this  building  for  many 
years,  and 

General  Phil.  Sheridan  occupied  the  corner  room  of  that  story  facing 
Washington  and  La  Salle  sts.  from  the  completion  of  the  building  after  the 
fire  until  his  assumption  of  the  generalship  of  the  army.  The  Union  National 
Bank  occiipied  the  corner  of  the  first  floor  for  a  number  of  years,  and  it  was 
during  this  time  that  W.  F.  Coolbaugh,  its  president,  committed  suicide  at 
the  foot  of  the  Douglas  monument.  Across  the  street,  on  the  S.  E.  Cor.  of 
Washington  and  La  Salle,  is  the  famous. 

Chamber  of  Commerce  Building.-- This  structure  occupies  the  site  of  the 
old  Chamber  of  Commerce  which  was  erected  immediately  after  the  fire  and 
which  was  occupied  by  the  Board  of  Trade  until  the  great  commercial  edi- 
fice at  the  foot  of  the  street  was  completed.  The  new  Chamber  of  Commerce 
building  is  in  many  respects  the  finest  commercial  struc-Uire  in  the  world 
and  certainly  one  of  the  grandest  office  buildings  in  the  United  States.  The 
property  upon  which  it  stands  cost  $650,000  and'  the  building  itself  has  cost 
Messrs.  Hannah,  Lay  &  Co.,  the  owners,  over  $1,000,000.  Standing  upon  the 


THE   GUIDE. 


91 


mosaic  floor  on  the  first  story  in  the  center  of  the  building,  throwing  back 
your  head  and  looking  up,  you  will  see 

Twelve  Balconies  with  their  bronzed  railings,  rising  in  perfect  sym- 
metry above  you.  Away  at  the  top  and  crowning  this  grand  central  court, 
is  probably  the  largest  skylight  in  the  world.  It  is  a  plate-glass  arch,  thirty- 
five  feet  wide  and  108  feet  long,  and  its  weight  is  supported  on  iron  and 
copper  frames  which  rest  upon  iron  trusses.  The  frame  is  bronzed  and 
finished  handsomely.  Through  this  mammoth  window  in  the  roof 

A  Perfect  Flood  of  Light  penetrates  the  central  court,  so  that  the  interior 
of  the  building  is  almost  as  brightly  illuminated  as  the  exterior  during  the 
day.    As  you  look  up,  if  your  neck  will  bear  the  strain,  you  will  notice  that 
not  a  post  or  a  pillar  is  visible  along  the  sides  or  between  the  twelve  balcon- 
ies, other  than  those  at  the 
north  and    south  ends,   the 
intervening    stretch    being 
perfectly  clear  and  free  from 
obstruction.    The  twelve 
balconies  are  supported  on 

The  Cantilever  Principle. 
— There  are  500  office  rooms 
in  this  structure,  every  one 
of  which  is  perfectly  lighted. 
The  thirteenth  floor  isfinished 
as  handsomely  as  the  first. 
You  will  notice  that  the  mar- 
ble used  in  the  wains  coting 
from  top  to  bottom  is  per- 
fectly matched,  the  grain 
running  through  from  slab  to 
slab  as  perfectly  as  it  did  in 
its  native  Italian  quarry.  All 
of  this  marble  was  quarried 
in  Italy  and  finished  in 
Belgium.  The  mosaic  floors 
contain  millions  of  separate 
marble  blocks  and  present  a 
beautiful  as  well  as  a  novel 
sight  to  the  visitor.  The  ceil- 
ing of  the  main  entrance  is  a 

Charming  Bit  of  Mosaic 
Work  ;  the  bronze  railings 
and  elevator  shaft  gratings 
are  all  highly  finished.  Eight 
passenger  cars  and  two 
great  freight  cars  are  con- 
stantly moving  up  and  down 
between  the  thirteen  stories 
of  this  magnificent  structure. 
We  will  go  to  the  top,  the 
time  consumed  in  the  trip  being  a  minute  and  a  quarter,  counting  stopp- 
ages. Looking  down,  the  people  on  the  floor  of  the  court  below  seem  like 
pigmies. 

The  Height  Makes  Us  Dizzy,  and  we  move  away  from  the  bronze  railing 
fearing  that  the  natural  but  unaccountable  temptation  to  throw  ourselves 
over  it  may  gain  the  mastery  of  us.  The  Chamber  of  Commerce  building  is 
a  city  within  itself.  There  are  more  people  doing  business  inside  its  walls 
than  you  will  find  in  many  prosperous  towns,  and  the  amount  of  business 
transacted  here  daily  equals  that  done  in  some  of  the  most  pretentious 
communities  in  the  country.  Every  branch  of  commerce  and  nearly  every 
profession  is  represented  here.  We  can  spend  a  couple  of  hours  here  very 
pleasantly,  strolling  along  the  different  balconies  and  taking  observations 


CHAMBER  OP  COMMERCE. —  See  Buildings. 


92  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

of  the  multitude  of  people  who  are  constantly  streaming  into  and  out  of  the 
elevator  cars.  Leaving  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  we  find  that  it  is  almost 
noon,  and  we  will  take  a  lunch  at  Kern's  across  the  way,  or  at 

Kohlsaat's,  on  the  corner  of  the  court,  east  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce 
building.  In  either  place  we  will  witness  an  interesting  sight.  Thousands 
of  business  men,  clerks,  etc.,  flock  to  these  and  similar  restaurants  in  the 
business  center  daily,  where  they  partake  of  hasty  luncheons,  made  up 
principally  of  sandwiches,  beans,  pie,  coffee  and  buttermilk.  The  food  is 
generally  well  prepared,  but  it  is  eaten  in  haste,  as  a  rule,  which  does  much 
toward  ruining  the  health  and  souring  the  dispositions  of  our  people.  As  we 
move  down  LaSalle  St.,  after  luncheon,  we  pass  on  our  right 

The  Mercantile  Building.— Here  we  find  the  old  and  respectable  banking 
house  of  Greenbaum  &  Sons  [see  Greenbaum  &  Sons] ,  and  on  the  corner  of 
the  alley  just  south  the  other  equally  respectable  banking  house  of  A.  Loeb 
&  Bro.  On  the  N.  E.  Cor.  Madison  and  La  Salle  is  the  beautiful 

Tacoma  Building,  towering  above  its  surroundings  to  the  dizzy  height 
of  fourteen  clear  stories.  This  was  among  the  first  of  the  modern  sky- 
scrapers erected  in  Chicago.  The  corner  which  it  occupies  was  for  years 
covered  by  a  tumble-down  brick  building  put  up  in  haste  after  the  fire.  It 
was  wiped  out  to  make  room  for  the  "Tacoma."  We  must  spend  some 
time  in  this  building,  going  to  the  top  by  elevator  and  walking  down.  From 
the  twelfth  story  we  are  able  to  obtain  a  splendid  bird's-eye  view  of  the 
city,  and  we  can  see  far  out  on  Lake  Michigan,  if  the  smoke  isn't  too  dense. 
This  is  a  colony  of  offices.  [See  "Buildings."]  What  all  the  people  who 
occupy  the  offices  do,  will  be  a  source  of  wonder  to  the  visitor  throughout 
this  and  several  other  trips,  but  as  they  are  all  occupied  and  pay  high  rent- 
als, it  is  presumed  that  they  are  doing  something  to  coax  the  almighty  dollar 
in  their  direction.  Otherwise  they  would  seek  cheaper  quarters  or  establish 
themselves  on  the  curb-stone  in  front.  Crossing  Madison  st.  we  find  on  the 
S.  W.  Cor. 

The  Otis  Building.— The  building  belongs  to  a  branch  of  the  Otis  family, 
a  family,  by  the  way,  which  owns  some  of  the  most  desirable  real  estate  in 
the  city.  It  is  a  building  of  the  fire  period,  not  up  to  present  requisites, 
althoiigh  by  reason  of  its  central  location,  it  is  well  and  profitably  ten- 
anted. On  the  S.  E.  Cor.  is 

The  Major  Block,  another  fine  structure  of  the  same  period.  For  years 
this  ranked  as  one  of  the  finest  buildings  of  the  city.  In  any  other  city  it 
would  rank  as  a  great  building  now,  but  it  is  overshadowed  by  the  giants 
in  its  neighborhood.  Just  east  of  the  Major  Block,  on  the  corner  of  Arcade 
ct.  is  the  new 

T.M.  C.A. Building,— This  building  covers  a  lot  which  has  52  feet  frontage 
on  La  Salle  St.,  and  185  feet  frontage  on  Arcade  court,  all  but  75  feet  of  which 
is  abundantly  lighted  either  by  the  street  or  a  thirty  foot  court.  Two-thirds 
of  the  space  within  this  building  is  utilized  for  association  purposes  and 
the  remainder  is  given  over  to  offices,  The  ground  floor  on  La  Lalle  st.  is 
rented  for  stores.  The  association  uses  two  stories  on  the  La  Salle  ,st.  side. and 
seven  stories  in  the  rear  on  Arcade  ct.  It  is  a  building  within  a  building, 
the  architectural  arrangement  providing  for  separate  entrances  on  both 
sides  for  the  association  and  for  those  who  rent  offices,  so  that  the  two 
classes  of  tenants  have  no  connection  with  each  other.  From  the  seventh,  or 
gymnasium  floor,  where  the  association's  rooms  end,  there  is  a  square  light 
shaft,  18  x  29  feet,  running  to  the  top  story,  so  that  the  interior  of  the  building 
resembles  the  Rookery  in  its  facilities  for  light.  The  building  and  the  prop- 
erty it  stands  upon  represents  an  investment  of  about  $1,400,000.  This  struct- 
ure is  fully  described  elsewhere.  [See  "Buildings."]  The  people  we  pass 
are  as  interesting  as  the  buildings.  We  are  apt  to  be  jostled  against  the 
famous  produce  and  grain  operators  at  any  point  now  and  we  will  not  know 
it  unless  we  have  a  previous  acquaintance  with  their  personal  appearance. 
On  this  street  many  millionaires  have  their  offices.  We  must  say  a  word 
about  the 


94  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Bryan  Block  before  we  go  any  farther  or  we  will  forget  it.  Bryan  Block 
is  another  of  the  back-number  great  buildings  of  the  city.  I  very  well  re- 
member that  fifteen  years  ago  it  was  pointed  out  with  pride ;  now  it  isn't 
pointed  out  at  all.  It  is  oecupied,  however,  by  the  agencies  of  great  insur- 
ance companies,  real  estate  men,  bankers,  brokers,  etc.,  and  its  central 
location  makes  it  one  of  the  most  valuable  pieces  of  property  iu  the  city. 
Some  day  a  great  building  will  occupy  the  site,  for  the  ground  upon  which 
it  stands  is  far  too  valuable  for  a  five-story  edifice.  Across  the  street  is 
the 

Old  Republic  Life  Building.— The  insurance  company  from  which  it 
derived  its  name  has  long  since  gone  out  of  existence.  This  building  was 
used  by  the  Custom  House  and  United  States  courts  for  several  years  after 
the  fire,  or  until  the  present  government  building  was  erected.  Now  it  is 
an  office  building.  Here  are  located  the  rooms  of  the  Builders'  Exchange, 
as  well  as  the  offices  of  Dunn's  Commercial  Agency.  On  the  corner  below, 
just  east  of  the  Rep\iblic  building,  is 

The  Nixon  Building,  the  only  structure  in  the  business  part  of  the  city 
which  escaped  destruction  in  the  great  fire.  A  £lab  is  embedded  in  the 
building  informing  you  of  that  fact.  It  was  not  completed  at  the  time,  how- 
ever. [See  "Buildings"].  We  are  now  at  the  cor.  of  La  Salle  and  Monroe 
sts.  This  is  the  southwest  corner  of  the  streets  named.  Here  a  few  years 
ago  Marshall  Field  laid  the  foundations  for  a  great  office  building.  A  legal 
dispute  arose  between  him  and  his  from  business  partner,  Mr.  Letter,  who 
owned  property  adjoining,  the  facts  concerning  which  it  is  not  necessary 
for  you  to  know,  and  the  work  was  abandoned.  The  lot  was  fenced  in  for 
three  or  four  years,  3  nd  finally 

The  Women's  Christian  Temperance  Union  secured  a  ninety-nine  year 
lease  of  the  property  from  Mr.  Field,  organized  a  syndicate  with  sufficient 
capital  and  began  the  erection  of  a  structure  to  be  known  as  the  Temper- 
ance Temple.  The  familiar  name  of  this  building  now,  however,  is 

"  The  Temple." — The  Temple,  as  it  now  stands,  is  one  of  the  sights  of 
Chicago,  and  the  equal  of  any  one  of  the  many  magnificent  structures  that 
now  adorn  the  city.  In  style  it  is  a  combination  of  the  old  Gothic  and  the 
more  modern  French.  For  the  first  two  stories  the  material  used  is  gray 
granite  with  a  dash  of  pink  running  through  it.  Above  that  is  used  pressed 
brick  and  terra  cotta.  This  harmonizes  nicely  with  the  granite,  taking  on 
a  tone  and  color  the  same,  with  the  exception  that  it  is  a  darker  pink.  The 
frontage  on  La  Salle  st.is  190  feet,  while  on  Monroe  st.  it  is  90  feet.  In  shape 
the  Temple  is  somewhat  novel  and  might  be  likened  to  the  letter  H.  It  con- 
sists of  two  immense  wings  united  by  a  middle  portion,  or  viaculum.  On 
LaSalle  st.  is  a  court  70  feet  long  and  30  feet  wide,  and  on  Monroe  st.  a  simi- 
ilar  one  of  the  same  length  and  18  feet  deep.  Facing 

The  Grand  Entrance  and  arranged  in  a  semi-circle  are  eight  great  eleva- 
tors, and  from  the  front  court  rise  two  grand  stairways  leading  clear  to  the 
top  of  the  building.  A  central  hall  extends  north  and  south  on  each  floor  and  a 
transverse  one  also  extends  into  the  wings.  The  lower  courts  and  halls  are 
resplendent  with  marble  mosaic  paving,  while  plain  marble  is  used  in  the 
upper  halls.  In  height  the  temple  is  a  "sky-scraper,"  extending  thirteen 
stories  towards  the  heavens.  A  peculiar  and  pleasing  effect  has  been 
gained  by  causing  the  building  line  to  retreat  at  the  tenth  story  where  the 
immense  roof,  containing  three  stories,  commences,  breaking  as  it  ascends, 
into 

Gothic  Turrets.— On  the  granite  around  the  grand  entrance  are  carved 
the  coats  of  arms  of  the  various  States  of  the  union.  Upon  the  corner  stone 
is  engraved  the  national  legend  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  "  For  God,  for  Home  and 
Native  Laud,  1890."  On  the  reverse  is  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  monogram  and  beneath, 
'•organized  1874."  Such  is  the  general  appearance  of  this  noble  structure. 
The  purposes  for  which  it  is  utilized  are  manifold.  On  the  lower  floor  are 
located  three  banks  and  a  memorial  hall,  known  as 

Willard  Hall.— It  is  needless  to  say  that  the  name  is  in  honor  of  Francis 
Wlllard.  The  audience  room  will  easily  seat  800  people  without  the  galleries 


THE   GUIDE.  95 

and  is  as  entirely  shut  off  from  the  rest  of  the  building  as  though  it  were  not 
in  it.  The  entrance  is  through  a  wide  hall  opening  off  Monroe  st.  It  is  a*n 
amphitheatre  in  shape  and  in  the  center  is  a  beautiful  fountain.  Nearly 
every  window  in  it  is  a  handsome  memorial  one,  and  from  numerous  pedes- 
tals rise  the  busts  of  illustrious  persons  who  have  lived  and  died  for 

The  Cause  of  Temperance. — The  hall  and  the  entrance  leading  to  it  are 
used  as  tablets  on  which  to  inscribe  the  names  of  those  who  have  sub- 
scribed the  sum  of  $100  or  over  to  the  building  fund.  In  a  large  vault  opening 
off  the  hall  will  be  kept  a  record  of  the  work  done  in  each  State  in  the  Union. 
In  short,  Willard  hall  is  intended  to  be  to  the  temperance  cause  what  West- 
minster Abbey  is  to  England's  great  celebrities.  The  Woman's  National 
Publishing  house  find  headquarters  there,  as  well  as  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  Most 
of  the  building,  however,  is  rented  and  the  income  from  this  source  is  $25,000 
a  year.  It  might  be  mentioned  that  little  wood  has  been  used  in  the  con- 
struction and  the  building  is  perfectly  fire- proof.  Work  was  begun  in  July, 
1890,  and  The  Temple  was  ready  for  occupancy  in  the  month  of  May,  1892. 
The  entire  cost  was  about  $1,000,000.  Further  south  on  La  Salle  St.,  at  No. 
187,  is 

The  Calumet  Building,  a  magnificent  modern  office  structure,  and  one  of 
the  first  of  the  great  buildings  erected  after  the  locating  of  the  Board  of 
Trade  at  the  foot  of  the  street.  The  Calumet  would  be  a  more  striking  piece 
of  architecture  to-day  if  it  were  not  so  close  to  some  others  which  are  still 
more  striking.  For  instance, 

The  Home  Insurance  Building  at  No.  205,  just  south  of  the  Calumet,  on 
the  same  side  of  the  street.  [See  "Buildings."]  This  magnificent  pile  was 
originally  nine  stories  in  height,  but  two  additional  stories  were  added  in 
1890-91,  making  it  one  of  the  tallest  structures,  as  well  as  one  of  the  most 
graceful,  in  the  city.  The  grand  entrance  on  La  Salle  st.  is  one  of  peerless 
beauty — a  veritable  marble  hall,  and  a  portal  such  as  no  palace  in  Europe 
can  boast  of.  The  entire  building  from  the  first  to  the  eleventh  floor  is  wains- 
coted in  Italian  marble  of  the  finest  vein,  and  is  beautifully  matched  and 
polished.  Messrs.  Ducat  &  Lyon  have  had  the  management  of  the  magnifi- 
cent edifice  in  charge  from  its  inception  to  the  present  time.  As  you  enter 
the  building  two  flights  of 

Marble  Stairways  face  you,  both  leading  to  an  entresol,  on  the  right  of 
which  is  the  Union  National  bank  [see  "  Union  National  Bank,"]  and  on  the 
left  the  counting  houses  of  Arm  our  &  Co.  The  Union  National  Bank  interior 
is  perhaps  the  most  beautiful  in  Chicago.  The  ceiling  is  supported  by  great 
bronzed  columns.  The  furniture  and  fixtures  are  all  rich  and  elegant,  and 
were  provided  by  the  house  of  A.  H.  Andrews  &  Co. 

The  Union  National  Bank  ranks  among  the  first  of  the  great  financial 
institutions  of  the  city.  It  is  a  bank  that  has  been  especially  favored  in 
having  had  for  its  presidents,  some  of  Chicago's  ablest  and  most  exper- 
ienced financiers,  and  to  this  is  mostly  due  its  prompt  rush  to  the 
front  line  of  the  city  banks,  and  its  maintenance  of  that  position  for  so 
many  years.  The  first  president  was  William  F.  Coolbaugh,  who  at  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  November,  1877,  was  succeeded  by  Calvin  T. 
Wheeler.  On  the  expiration  of  its  original  charter  December  30,  1884,  the 
bank  was  re-organized,  and  under  its  new  charter,  W.  C.  D.  Grannis  was 
chosen  president,  and  John  J.  P.  Odell, 'vice-president.  Mr.  C.R.  Cumminga 
was  made  president  in  1886,  but  took  no  active  part  in  the  management  of 
the  bank.  Upon  his  retirement 

Mr.  John  ./.  P.  Odell  became  president  and  has  continued  in  that  position 
up  to  the  present  date.  Mr.  Odell  has  been  identified  with  the  banking  busi- 
ness of  Chicago  since  1865,  and  for  twenty-seven  years  has  been  connected 
with  the  Union  National,  having  entered  its  service  in  1866,  as  bookkeeper 
and  in  the  interval  filled  almost  every  intermediate  position  of 
responsibility  in  the  bank.  Let  us  walk  across  the  entresol  and  enter  the 
counting-room  of  Armour  &  Co.  This  is  one  immense  office — taking  in  the 
entire  first  floor  space  of  the  north  wing  of  the  building.  Did  you  ever  see 
such  a  hive?  There  must  be  three  lumdred  employes  of  all  grades  here,  the 


96 


GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 


majority  of  whom  are  writing  at  little  desks  arranged  in  a  manner  sug- 
gestive of  the  school-room.  A  great  many  of  those  who  are  not  writing  are 
managers  of  departments  and  these  are  talking  business  to  callers.  You 
cannot  see  anybody  unless  you  are  announced  by  young  men  standing  near 
the  door.  They  call  the  person  you  want  to  see.  The  person  you  want  to 
see  has  other  callers  and  you  must  wait.  The  central  figure  in  this  great 
room,  of  course,  is 

Mr.  P.  D.  Armour. — He  sits  at  a  table  desk  to  the  left,  and  may  be 
engaged  in  looking  over  a  newspaper,  or  in  conversation  with  a  visitor  or 
one  of  his  department  managers.  Whatever  he  is  doing  he  has  a  pleasant, 

benevolent,  kindly  expres- 
sion on  his  face,  and  his 
face  is  the  index  to  his 
character.  Mr.  Armour,  to- 
ward the  close  of  1892,  pre- 
sented the  city  of  Chicago 
with  the  Armour  Manual 
Training  School,  which, 
with  its  endowment, 
amounted  to  the  princely 
sum  of  $1,700,000.  [See 
"  Armour  Mission "  and 
"  Armour  Institute."]  The 
name  of  Armour  &  Co.  is 
familiar  to  the  people  of 
all  countries.  It  is  inter- 
esting to  notice  with  what 
perfect  system  the  estab- 
lishment is  conducted.  Of 
course,  we  don't  see  the 
bustling  side  of  it  in  the 
counting  house;  we  must 
go  to  the  stock  yards  for 
that.  [See  "  Union  Stock 
Yards."] 

The  Northwestern  Ma- 
sonic Aid  Association,  of 
Chicago,  the  largest  insur- 
ance company  in  Illinois, 
and  the  second  largest 
simiTar  organization  in 
the  world,  has  its  home 
office  in  this  building,  occu- 
pying nearly  all  of  the 
tenth  floor,  which  is  re- 

Suired  for  the  accommoda- 
on  of  its  immense  busi 
ness.  Here  is  received  and 
disbursed  to  the  widows 
and  orphans  of  its  deceased 
members  about  $2,000,000 
annually.  A  visit  to  their 
offices  will  be  of  interest,  for  there  can  be  seen  the  thorough  system  neces- 
sary to  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  business  of  life  insurance.  And 
the  president,  Daniel  J.  Avery,  or  the  secretary,  J.  A.  Stoddard,  will  give 
us  a  cordial  welcome,  for  they  invite  inspection  of  their  business.  On  the 
opposite  side  of  the  street,  up  one  flight  of  stairs,  in  a  plainly  furnished 
office  overlooking  Adams  St.,  we  might  find  the  millionaire, 

George  L.  Dunlap,  who  during  recent  years  has  practically  retired  from 
active  service,  although  he  is  still  a  power  in  the  money  center.  On  the 
S.  W.  Cor.  of  La  Salle  and  Adams  sts.  is  the  beautiful 


TACOMA  BUILDING. — See  Buildings. 


98  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Insurance  Exchange  Building,  which  ranks  among  the  noblest  of  the 
Board  of  Trade  group  of  office  buildings.  Its  facade  is  sufficiently  orna- 
mental to  attract  our  attention,  but  it  is  tasteful  and  elegant.  The  building 
has  a  handsome  main  entrance.  To  the  right,  on  the  main  floor  is  the 
Continental  National  bank,  a  great  financial  institution;  to  the  left  is  the 
Columbia  National  bank.  These  banking  rooms  are  richly  furnished,  and 
are  worth  visiting.  The  Continental  is  one  of  the  oldest,  the  Columbia  one 
of  the  youngest  of  our  National  banks.  Around  the  corner  on  Adams  st.  is 
the  Rand-McNally  building,  in  which  were  located  the  headquarters  of  the 
World's  Fair  previous  to  their  removal  to  Jackson  Park.  Across  the  street, 
on  the  S.  E.  Cor.  of  La  Salle  and  Adams  st.,  is  the 

Rookery  Building.— How  it  came  by  this  odd  name  is  explained  else- 
where. [See  "  Miscellaneous."]  Chicago  people  are  not  exactly  settled  in 
their  minds  as  to  whether  the  Rookery  or  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  is  the 
finest  office  building  in  the  city.  The  Rookery  is  the  larger,  however,  and 
in  many  respects  the  most  elegant  of  our  office  structures.  It  cost,  exclu- 
sive of  the  grounds  upon  which  it  stands  (the  property  of  the  municipality), 
very  nearly  $1,500,000.  It  is  finished  in  the  most  expensive  fashion  through- 
out. There  isn't  a  cheap  feature  connected  with  it.  The  grand  rotunda  is 
in  itself  a  beavitiful  bit  of  architecture,  but  the  building  to  be  properly 
appreciated  must  be  taken  as  a  whole.  There  are  few  commercial  struct- 
ures in  the  world  that  compare  with  it  in  size,  in  elegance  or  in  convenience. 
There  are  three  distinct  groups  of  elevators,  two  on  the  La  Salle  st.  and  one 
on  the  Monroe  st.  side,  and  the  people  occupying  the  top  floors  are  practi- 
cally as  well  situated,  so  far  as  accessibility  is  concerned,  as  those  on  the 
first  floor.  The  mosaic  work  in  the  structure  is  superb.  Like  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce  and  the  Home  Insurance  buildings,  the  wainscoting  is  all  of 
Italian  marble.  Every  room  is  lighted  perfectly.  There  is  not  the  slightest 
jar  felt  here,  and  those  in  the  upper  stories  are  practically  removed  from 
the  noise  and  bustle  of  the  streets  below.  There  are  over  five  hundred  offices 
here,  all  occupied,  the  tenants  being  principally  Board  of  Trade  men,  agents 
of  eastern  and  foreign  mercantile  houses,  agents  of  manufacturing  con- 
cerns, real  estate  dealers,  brokers  and  lawyers.  [See  "Buildings."]  Here 
is  located  the  Globe  National  Bank,  one  of  the  most  prosperous  of  our 
great  money  institutions.  As  we  leave  the  Rookery,  we  are  in  the  center 
of  the  Board  of  Trade  district  and  we  are  surrounded  by  massive  struct- 
ures. Opposite  is  Mailer's  building,  the  Gaff  building  and  the  Counselman 
building,  all  great  structures,  towering  upward  from  ten  to  twelve  stories. 
To  our  left,  as  we  move  south,  is  the  Grand  Pacific  hotel  [see  "Hotels"], 
and  facing  us  the 

Board  of  Trade  Building.— [See  "Board  of  Trade  Building."]  It  is  only 
necessary  for  me  to  show  you  up  the  main  stairway  and  leave  you  here  for 
the  next  two  hours.  You  are  just  in  time  to  see  the  Board  in  full  operation. 
From  the  gallery  you  will  have  a  perfect  view  of  the  floor.  After  you  leave 
there  you  will  have  time  to  go  through  the  Rialto  building  in  the  rear,  and, 
perhaps,  to  see  the  great  buildings  which  line  Pacific  ave.  on  the  one  side 
and  Sherman  st.  on  the  other.  Among  the  structures  worthy  of  a  visit  are 
the  Phoenix  building,  which  faces  the  Grand  Pacific ;  the  Grand  Pacific 
itself;  the  Traders  building,  10  Pacific  ave.;  the  Commerce  building,  16 
Pacific  ave. ;  the  Open  Board  building,  24  Pacific  ave. ;  the  Brother  Johna- 
than  building,  2  Sherman  st. ;  the  Wheeler  building,  6  Sherman  st.  and  the 
Royal  Insurance  building,  situated  on  Jackson  st.  between  La  Salle  and 
Fifth  ave.,  and  at  the  head  of  Sherman  st.,  almost  opposite  the  Board  of 
Trade.  The  Royal  Insurance  building,  in  accordance  with  the  latest  dic- 
tates of  modern  architecture,  is  composed  of  a  pressed  brick  rear  with  an 
imposing  facade  of  brown  sandstone  carved  into  beautiful  figures.  The 
style  may  be  termed  Ionic,  with  an  admixture  of  Corinthian  on  the  lower 
floors,  where  the  windows  and  main  entrances  are  arched  and  sculptured  in 
many  fanciful  designs.  The  interior  appointments  are  on  a  scale  of  mag- 
nificence in  keeping  with  the  interior  design.  The  offices  are  large,  well 
lighted  and  well  ventilated.  This  building  practically  fronts  on  two  streets 
— Jackson  and  Quincy.  By  the  time  you  have  visited  these  buildings  you 


THE   GUIDE.  99 

will  need  rest.  (It  will  aid  you  greatly  during  this  trip  to  study  the  depart- 
ments in  this  volume  under  headings  "Board  of  Trade,"  "Board  of  Trade 
Building,"  "  Buildings,"  "  Banks,"  "Commercial  Exchanges."  and  the  "Ap- 
pendix.")   * 

NINTH    Df\Y. 

The  Board  of  Trade  District  After  the  Fire— A  Tough  Neighborhood— Through 
"  Cheyenne  "  and  the  "  Levee  "—In  the  Depths  of  the  Slums— South  Clark 
Street  Dives— Lodging  Houses— "  Reconstructed  Cheyenne  "—The  Great 
Structures  of  South  Dearborn  Street— A  Thoroughfare  Lined  with  Sky- 
scrapers— Chinatown— North  on  Clark  Street — Gambling  Houses- 
Would-be  Sports— Bunco  Steerers— Confidence  Men— Dale  &  Sempill's 
Corner— A  Great  Meeting  Place— Survey  from  Clark  and  Madison  Streets 
—North  on  Clark  Street  to  the  Bridge. 

Before  leaving  the  Board  of  Trade  district,  a  few  words  concerning  that 
portion  of  the  city  may  be  of  interest  to  you.  The  great  |fire  of  1871  left  the 
neighborhood  perfectly  bare  as  far  south  as  Harrison  st.  For  nearly  ten  years 
after  the  fire  the  only  buildings  of  prominence  in  that  section  of  the  city  were 
the  Grand  Pacific  hotel  and  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  depot.  The  lat- 
ter could  be  seen  plainly  from  Madison  st.  The  block  in  front,  now  covered 
by  the  Board  of  Trade  and  the  Rialto  buildings,  was  vacant.  To  the  east 
was  Pacific,  then  known  as  "Biler,"  ave.,  one  of  the  most  disreputable 
streets  in  the  city,  built  up  with  hastily  constructed  tenements  which  were 
occupied  by  the  most  depraved  of  men  and  women,  black,  white  and  mixed. 
The  name 

"  Biler  "  Avenue,  originated  in  the  mispronunciation  of  "  Boiler"  a  nick- 
name given  to  the  street,  because  of  the  number  of  locomotives  belonging  to 
the  Rock  Island  and  Lake  Shore  roads  which  puff  day  and  night  along  its  west- 
ern edge.  Next,  to  the  east,  came  South  Clark  st.,  a  thoroughfare  given  over 
to  low  saloons,  pawnbrokers'  shops,  "fences"  for  thieves,  concert  saloons, 
dance  houses,  low  groggeries  and  bagnios.  East  of  Clark  st.  was  Fourth  ave., 
another  street  surrendered  almost  entirely  to  the  lowest  class  of  scarlet 
women.  One  high  building  stood  on  the  street  and  was  occupied  in  part  by 
the  Religio-Philosophical  Journal.  Its  editor,  a  man  named  Pike,  was  mur- 
dered at  his  desk  in  this  building,  about  the  time  I  am  speaking  of.  East  of 
Fourth  ave.,  was  Dearborn  st.,  a  "no  thoroughfare,"  and  without  a  build- 
ing worth  mentioning,  although  squatters  had  taken  possession  of  it  from 
Jackson  st.  south  to  Polk  st.  East  of  Dearborn  st.  was  Third  ave.,  a  street 
of  dives  and  bagnios  just  a  trifle  lower  than  any  yet  named.  Then  came 
State  st.,  which,  from  Van  Buren  to  Twenty-second  st.  was  occupied  by  the 
very 

Scum  of  the  Population,  and  utterly  abandoned  to  crime  and  criminals. 
The  entire  district,  from  VanBiiren  st.  south  to  Twenty-second  st.,  and  from 
the  railroad  tracks  to  and  including  the  east  line  of  State  st.,  was  in  the 
hands  of  thugs,  thieves,  murderers  and  prostitutes.  In  the  midst  of  it  was 
the  Harrison  st.,  or  "Armory"  police  station,  and  the  policemen  who  were 
sent  out  to  do  patrol  duty  in  this  section  were  frequently  brought  back  on 
stretchers.  There  were  portions  of  the  district  which  no  policeman  would 
dare  to  enter  alone  in  the  daytime,  and  which  it  would  have  been  suicidal 
for  him  to  enter  in  the  night-time.  Some  of  the  bravest  officers  on  the  force 
were  shot  or  stabbed,  or  beaten  so  badly  that  they  were  never  again  able  to 
perform  their  duties.  The  territory  received  the  name  of 

"Cheyenne." — This  name  was  given  to  it  because  when  the  Union  Pacific 
railroad  was  being  constructed,  and  for  several  years  afterward,  Cheyenne 


100  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

was  the  wickedest  town  on  the  line.  To-day  Cheyenne  is  a  peaceable  and 
prosperous  little  city  and  its  people  have  retaliated  by  dubbing  the  only 
disorderly  part  of  their  town  "Chicago."  South  State  st.  was  known  for 


"  The  Levee,"-  a  name  which  still  clings  to  it  in  police  circles,  although 
it  has  gone  through  an  almost  complete  transformation,  physically  and 
morally.  The  name  "  Levee  "  was  used  because  the  levees  of  the  Mississippi 
river  towns  bore  the  reputation  of  being  generally  tough,  and  because  they 
were  and  are  the  haunts  of  a  vicious  class  of  negroes.  The  entire  negro 
population  of  Chicago  gravitated  toward  "Cheyenne"  and  the  "Levee" 
before  and  after  the  great  fire,  and  South  Clark  and  South  State  sts.,  to-day 
are  much  frequented  by  colored  people. 

A  Mighty  Change  has  come  over  this  district  during  a  decade.  Pacific  ave. 
is  no  longer  given  over  entirely  to  the  vicious  and  criminal  classes  as  formerly, 
although  I  wouldn't  advise  you  to  take  your  evening  walks  on  the  southern 
part  of  it.  Many  magnificent  commercial  structures  now  line  this  thorough- 
fare. On  the  avenue,  opposite  the  Rock  Island  depot,  is  Marshall  Field  & 
Co.'s  barn,  a  splendid  building  in  itself  and  devoted  to  the  use  of  the  firm's 
magnificent  draught  horses  and  the  men  who  care  for  them.  This  building 
has  been  enlarged  during  recent  years  and  I  am  told  that  some  of  the  upper 
floors  are  used  for  the  storage  of  "reserve  stock."  In  view  of  the  fact  that 
the  firm  has  the  largest  wholesale  building  in  the  city ;  that  it  occupies  its 
old  wholesale  store  as  a  warehouse  for  reserve  goods,  and  that  it  carries 
constantly  an  immense  amount  of  stock  in  the  U.  S.  bonded  warehouses, 
this  will  strike  you  as  being  strange.  But  it  seems  as  though  it  is  difficult 
for  Marshall  Field  &  Co.  to  find  storage  room  enough.  A  trip  down 

South  Clark  St.  will  be  interesting-  The  morals  of  this  thoroughfare 
have  not  improved  very  much  during  recent  years.  Modern  improvements 
have  steadily  encroached,  however,  upon  the  rookeries  which  have  lined 
this  artery  since  the  fire,  and  now  south  of  Jackson  St.,  we  find  some  hand- 
some structures  of  the  most  modern  type,  notably  the  Hotel  Grace,  Gore's 
hotel  and  McCoy's  hotel.  But  further  to  the  south  are  the  dens  and  dives 
that  have  made  the  street  infamous.  Just  here,  at  the  S.  E.  Cor.  of  Van 
Buren  and  Clark  sts.,  is  the  Pacific  Mission.  For  years  it  was  Jerry  Mon- 
roe's "Pacific  Garden,"  and  a  resort  of  the  vilest  of  the  vile.  A  few  doors 
below,  a  Polish  Jew,  named 

Lesser  Freidberg,  kept  a  pawn-broker's  shop  and  "fence"  for  thieves 
about  eleven  years  ago.  One  night  the  branch  house  of  E.  S.  Jaffrey  &  Co., 
of  New  York,  which  occupied  the  .building  on  Fifth  ave.  between  Madison 
and  Washington  sts.,  now  The  Mail,  office,  was  entered  by  burglars  and 
robbed.  The  stolen  goods  were  placed  in  a  wagon,  which  was  driven  to 
Freidberg's.  Just  as  the  burglars  were  unloading  it,  a  police  officer  named 
Race  came  along.  His  suspicions  were  aroused,  and  he  attempted  to  cap- 
ture one  of  the  thieves  supposed  to  be  Johnny  Lamb.  The  thiel  shot  him 
dead,  right  here,  in  front  of  the  shop,  jumped  into  the  wagon  and  drove  off. 
Lamb  and  another  thief  named  "Sheeny  George"  were  arrested,  tried,  con- 
victed and  sentenced  to  be  hanged,  but  escaped  all  punishment  for  this 
crime  finally.  Freidberg  was  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  five  years.  He 
was  a  wealthy  man  at  the  time  of  his  arrest.  The  last  time  I  saw  him  he 
was  mending  convict's  clothing  in  the  penitentiary  at  Joliet,  about  the  most 
humiliating  work  that  could  possibly  be  assigned  him.  He  came  out  and 
found  that  his  wife  had  secured  a  divorce.  His  property  was  all  gone. 
He  was  arrested  a  short  time  ago  for  vagrancy.  There  is  a  moral  here, 
but  you  may  not  see  it. 

Pawn-brokers''  Shops  and  Clothing  Stores  kept  by  Polish  Jews  are  to  be 
found  all  along  here.  Wherever  you  find  poverty  and  vice  you  will  also  find 
pawn-brokers'  shops.  They  seem  to  pull  together.  I  don't  know  how  many 
of  them  are  "  fences  "  for  thieves  now,  but  you  may  rest  assured  that  some 
of  them  are.  Only  a  short  time  ago  just  such  an  institution  us  that  man- 
aged by  the  late  Mr.  Fagin  was  broken  up  down  here.  In  this  instance  the 
fence-keeper's  name  was  Levi.  Here  we  pass  concert  saloons  conducted  by 
a  class  of  men  who  bear  a  name  which  I  need  not  mention.  Here  also  we 


i 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
POLICE  MONUMENT,  HAYMARKET  SQUARE. 

[See  Page  3 1 8.1 


103 


GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 


come  upon  "gin  mills,"  conducted  by  bloated  and  murderous-looking  ruffi- 
ans, who  will  first  stupify  and  then  rob  you,  if  you  give  them  a  chance.  It 
is  in  these  dives  that  men  are  "doped."  If  there  were  fewer  of  them  there 
would  be  fewer  "floaters"  picked  up  in  the  Chicago  river,  Here  we  pass 
the  brothels  and  bagnios,  where  depraved  women,  white  and  black,  pursue 
their  avocations  and  carry  on,  in  company  with  the  males  of  their  class, 

Nightly  Orgies  that  are 
either  unseen  or  unnoticed 
by  the  police.  Respectable 
people  are  not  in  much 
danger  down  here,  for  the 
very  good  reason  that  re- 
spectable people  are  sel- 
dom to  be  found  loitering 
around  this  neighborhood. 
We  are  in  the  slums.  It 
was  quite  the  "fad"  in 
fashionable  circles  not  long 
since  to  "  go  slumming," 
and  the  city  detectives  were 
frequently  requested  to 
conduct  a  party  of  young 
ladies  and  gentlemen 
through  the  vicious  parts 
of  the  city.  It  is  no  longer 
a  "fad,"  although  the 
practice  has  by  no  means 
died  out.  Such  an  excur- 
sion has  its  advantages  as 
well  as  its  drawbacks. 
While  a  young  lady  cannot 
very  well  see  anything 
during 

A  "Slumming"  Trip 
that  is  not  repugnant  to 
her  finer  sensibilties,  and 
while  she  will  see  much 
that  is  shocking,  or  ought 
to  be,  to  her  modesty,  yet 
she  will  learn  that  the 
path  of  vice  is  a  thorny  one, 
'  and  that  her  fallen  sisters 
are  more  in  need  of  her 
pity  than  they  are  deserv- 
ing of  her  scorn.  While  the 
great  majority  of  the  lewd 
women  of  the  city  spring 
from  the  lower  ranks  of 
society,  and  are,  as  a  mat- 
ter of  f  act,born  into  vicious- 
ness,  a  great  number  of 
them  are  girls  who  were 
well  born,  well  reared  and 
well  educated.  The  causes 
of  their  downfall  are  in- 
numerable, and,-strange  as  it  may  appear,  but  very  few  of  them  can  trace 
their  ruin  back  to  the  deceit  or  perfidy  of  man.  In  not  an  inconsiderable 
number  of  instances  these  fallen  women  who  came  from  the  higher  walks  of 
society  owe  their  misfortune  primarily  to  an  ambition,  unsupported  by  an 
ability,  to  shine  as  actresses.  We  might  walk  all  over  this  district,  and  find 
merely  a  repetition  of  the  scenes  which  surround  us  now.  In  a  little  while 
we  will  leave  the  district  and  the  subject  behind  us.  But  first  let  us  call 
your  attention  to 


PONTIAC  BUILDING. — See  Buildings. 


THE   GUIDE.  103 

The  Lodging  Houses.— There  are  cheap  lodging-  houses  scattered  through-' 
out  the  city.  There  are  some  on  the  North  side  and  some  on  the  West  side, 
but  the  lowest  class  of  lodging  houses  are  located  down  this  way.  Here  the 
wearied  traveler  may  secure  a  night's  lodging  for  five  cents.  That  is,  by 
going  down  into  the  cellar  and  paying  over  a  nickel  to  the  proprietor,  he 
will  be  permitted  to  climb  into  one  of  the  bunks  ranged  in  tiers  along  either 
side  of  the  dismal  cavern.  The  bunk  is  without  mattress  or  bedding.  It  is 
simply  the  soft  side  of  a  pine  board.  But  it  beats  walking  the  streets.  If  it 
be  winter,  there  is  a  blazing  fire  in  a  stove  which  stands  in  the  middle  of 
the  cellar.  If  it  be  summer,  the  cellar  is  cool.  No  robberies  are  ever  com- 
mitted in  these  cellars,  for  obvious  reasons.  There  are  no  signs  cautioning 
guests  to  place  their  jewelry  and  money  in  the  office  safe.  Such  a  caution 
would  be  looked  upon  as  heartless  and  bitter  irony.  But  there  are 

Cellars  where  the  traveler,  for  ten  cents,  may  secure  a  bunk  with  a  straw 
mattress.  These  are  considered  among  the  patrons  of  the  five-cent  cellars 
palaces  of  guilded  luxury.  Again,  there  are  lodging  houses  where  a  bedstead 
—a  real  bedstead — with  real  bedding  and  real  bed  covering — may  be  secured 
per  night  at  the  uniform  rate  of  fifteen  cents.  And  a  single  room  can  be 
rented  for  twenty-five  cents.  But  only  the  aristocrats  of  "Cheyenne"  and 
the  ' '  Levee  "  squander  their  money  for  twenty-five  cent  rooms.  Twenty-five 
cents,  to  most  of  the  lodging-house  patrons,  means  three  drinks  of  barrel- 
house whisky,  a  free  lunch,  a  cigar  and  a  bed.  No  portion  of  the  city  has 
undergone  a  more  complete  transformation  and  reformation  during  the  past 
ten  years  than  that  section  which  is  penetrated  on  the  north  by  Fourth  ave., 
Dearborn  st.  and  Third  ave.  As  before  remarked.  Dearborn  st.,  up  to  ten 
years  ago,  was  not  even  opened.  To-day  it  is  lined,  from  Adams  to  Polk  st., 
with  some  of  the 

Most  Magnificent  Buildings  in  the  city.  The  post  office  and  custom  house, 
sometimes  called  the  government  building,  stood  practically  alone  here  for 
many  years,  except  that  it  was  faced  by  the  Grand  Pacific  hotel  and  the 
Lakeside  building  on  the  west,  and  by  the  Honore  block  on  the  north.  Now 
it  is  hemned  in  on  all  sides  by  palatial  structures.  On  the  S.  E.  Cor.  Adams 
and  Dearborn  is  the  beautiful  Owings  building,  which  rises  to  the  height  of 
fourteen  stories,  presenting  a  novel  and  interesting  innovation  in  architect- 
ural design.  Just  north  of  the  building,  and  directly  opposite  the  post  office, 
is  the  sixteen-story  steel  building,  which  is  known  as  the 

Great  Northern  Hotel.— This  is  now  one  of  the  largest  first-class  hotels  of 
Chicago.  It  is  all  finished  in  the  highest  style  of  art  and  conducted  as  a 
high-class  commercial  hotel  on  the  European  and  American  plans.  On  the 
S.  W.  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Jackson  sts.  is  * 

The  Great  Monadnock  Building.— This  mammoth  structure  is  sixteen 
stories  high,  and  is  composed  of  steel,  granite,  marble  and  pressed  brick. 
Unlike  most  of  the  recently  built  office  structures,  it  is  what  is  known 
as  a  solid  building;  that  is,  the  interior  depends  upon  the  massive  walls 
instead  of  being  an  independent  frame.  On  the  Jackson  and  Dearborn  st. 
fronts  two  sets  of  bay  windows  run  from  the  second  story  to  the  top.  The 
fotindations  and  walls  are  said  to  be  the  heaviest  of  any  building  in  the  city. 
This  structure  was  erected  as  an  office  block  for  the  Brooks  estate.  Origi- 
nally it  was  called  the  Monadnock  and  Kearsarge  building,  but  only  the  for- 
mer name  was  retained  upon  its  completion.  The  completion  of  the  south- 
ern addition  to  the  Monadnock,  which  faces  upon  Van  Buren  st.,  makes  this 
the  greatest  office  buildings  in  the  city,  if  they  are  to  be  considered  as  one 
structure.  Considering  both  these  structures  as  one  (although  the  southern 
part  is  built  upon  an  entirely  different  principle),  it  has  a  total  street  front- 
age of  940  feet.  The  cost  of  the  grounds  and  both  buildings  was  in  the 
neighborhood  of  $3,000,000.  The  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis,  the  Michigan 
Central  and  many  other  railway  and  railway  supply  offices  are  located  here. 
Diagonally  opposite,  at  the  N.  E.  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Van  Buren  sts.,  is  the 

Old  Colony  Building,  erected  by  the  Bartlett  estate,  which  cost  about 
$600,000.  This  is  one  of  the  handsomest  office  buildings  in  the  city.  [See 
"  Buildings."]  Passing  a  number  of  great  buildings,  we  come  to 


104  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

The  Manhattan  Building.— This  colossal  fire-proof  structure  overtopped 
until  recently  every  other  office  building- in  the  city  by  at  least  three  stories. 
Being  situated  on  the  leading  business  and  financial  street  in  Chicago,  near 
the  post  office,  depots  and  Board  of  Trade,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  pneu- 
matic tubes,  it  has  become  a  very  popular  structure.  It  cost  $800,000.  It 
has  sixteen  stories  and  basement  of  solid  masonry  and  an  inner  frame  of 
steel  and  iron,  incased  in  terra  cotta.  The  interior  is  embellished  with  orna- 
mental bronze  and  antique  copper,  polished  marble  and  jasper  wainscoting, 
mosaic  floors  and  ornamental  ceilings.  The  small  amount  of  woodwork 
that  enters  into  the  structure  is  antique  oak.  The  appointments  as  to  ele- 
vator service,  electric  light,  heat  and  general  conveniences  embrace  every 
improvement  known  to  modern  science. 

The  Monon  Building  farther  to  the  south  on  the  right,  is  a  very  handsome 
and  popular  office  building,  and  is  occupied  by  persons  more  or  less  related 
to  the  printing  and  publishing  business.  The  cost  of  the  Monon  was  $500,- 
000. 

The  Cctxton  Building  deserves  our  attention.  This  elegant  structure,  at 
328  to  334  Dearborn  St.,  is  one  of  three  buildings,  of  its  kind,  erected  in  this 
city.  It  is  thoroughly  fire-proof  throughout,  constructed  of  steel  beams  and 
girders.  The  walls  are  of  terra  cptta  and  pressed  brick,  of  the  best  quality, 
and  the  partitions  are  of  hollow  tile.  The  offices  are  large  and  commodious 
and  in  their  plans  especial  care  has  been  taken  to  finish  them  in  a  manner 
affording  the  greatest  convenience  and  comfort  to  the  occupants.  Just 
south,  on  the  corner  of  Harrison  and  Dearborn  sts.,  is  the 

Pontiac  Building.— This  is  another  wonderful  structure,  fourteen  stories 
in  height,  and  constructed  entirely  of  steel.  A  large  number  of  publishers 
may  be  found  here.  The  Graphic,  The  Exposition  Graphic,  The  Figaro,  The 
Western  British  American,  Farm  Tools,  Furniture,  Orange  Judd  Farmer,  and 
other  literary  and  trade  and  class  newspapers  are  issued  from  this  building. 
Here  also  is  located  the  Credit  Company,  publisher  of  The  Credit  Review, 
Bankers'  and  Attorneys'  Register,  etc.  In  this  building  is  located  the  pub- 
lishing offices  of  The  Standard  Guide  Company  (Flinn  and  Sheppard),  pub- 
lishers of  "  THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO,"  "  HAND  BOOK  OF  THE  WORLD'S 
COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION,"  GUIDE  TO  THE  WORLD'S  FAIR  GROUNDS  AND  BUILD- 
INGS," in  English,  French  and  Gern>an;  "THE  BEST  THINGS  TO  BE  SEEN  AT 
THE  WORLD'S  FAIR,"  "CONDENSED  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO,"  "HAND  BOOK  OP 
CHICAGO  BIOGRAPHY,"  etc.,  all  standard  reference  books,  besides  numerous 
souvenirs.  Directly  across  the  street  from  the  Pontiac  is  the  great 

Ellsworth  Building,  fronting  on  Dearborn  st.  and  Plymouth  Place  (form- 
erly Third  ave.).  This  is  a  fourteen  story  structure  of  pressed  brick  finished 
in  granite,  constructed  on  the  steel  frame  plan  [see  "Buildings"]  and  is 
intended  to  accommodate  printers,  binders  and  publishers.  Further  south, 
to  our  left,  we  come  to  the  great  building  occupied  by 

Donahue  &  Henneberry,  the  printers,  binders  and  publishers.  This  was 
one  of  the  first  of  the  great  office  buildings  erected  on  South  Dearborn  st.  It 
has  a  frontage  also  on  Third  ave.  It  is  eight  stories  in  height  and  finished 
after  the  most  modern  fashion.  The  upper  part  of  the  building  is  occupied  by 
the  various  departments  of  Donohue  &  Henneberry 's  establishment-counting 
rooms,  offices,  book-rooms,  com  posing  rooms,  bindery  room,  etc.  The  lower 
floors  are  given  over  to  numerous  publishing  firms,  newspaper  offices,  adver- 
tising offices,  printers'  supplies,  offices,  etc.  The  immense  basement  is  occu- 
pied by  Donohue  &  Henneberry's  presses— book,  job,  newspaper,  etc.,  of  the 
latest  and  most  approved  make.  The  firm  of  Donohue  &  Henneberry's  is 
one  of  the  most  prominent  in  the  United  States.  It  turns  out  an  immense 
number  of  bound  volumes  annually,  besides  catalogues  and  other  printed 
matter  of  the  higher  grade.  Leaving  Donolme  &  Henneberry's  we  find  our- 
selves in  front  of  the  beautiful  Dearborn  station.  Let  us  retrace  our  steps  to 
Clark  and  Adams  sts.  We  are  again  in  front  of  the  post  office.  That  is  the 
bust  of 

George  B.  Armstrong,  founder  of  the  United  States  railway  mail  service. 
He  was  a  Chicago  man  and  his  memory  is  revered  by  all  post  office  employes- 


10(3  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

They  contributed  the  money  which  paid  for  this  memorial.  If  we  go  down 
Clark  st.  we  will  pass  a  section  which  seems  to  have  been  given  over  to 
Polish  Jews,  engaged  in  the  clothing  trade.  The  employes  of  these  concerns 
accost  you  as  yoii  pass,  and  if  you  give  them  the  least  encouragement,  they 
will  drag  you  into  their  shops  and  compel  you  to  buy  whether  you  want  to 
or  not.  The  block  south  of  Jackson  swarms  with  these  fellows.  Below 
here  is 

China  Town  [see  "China  Town"],  where  the  Mongolians  appear  to  be 
obtaining  quite  a  foothold.  Below  this  section  are  the  slums  already 
alluded  to,  which  extend  south  to  and  beyond  the  Twelfth  st.  viaduct.  The 
vicinity  of  this  viaduct  is  the  resort  of  the  most  degraded  classes,  male  and 
female,  to  be  seen  in  Chicago. 

"  Barrel  Nouses,"  where  a  vile  concoction  called  whisky,  but  which  is  in 
fact,  a  preparation  of  raw  alcohol,  or  high  wines  and  tobacco  juice, 
is  sold  at  five  cents  per  glass.  These  barrel  houses  produce  the  most  aban- 
doned looking  wretches  you  ever  set  your  eyes  upon.  As  we  walk  north 
from  the  Cor.  Clark  and  Adams  sts.,  we  pass  the  railroad,  ticket  and  scalp- 
er's offices  already  alluded  to,  as  well  as  a  number  of  quite  genteel  clothing 
establishments  and  restaurants.  The  restaurants  are  pretty  thick  around 
here  and  they  are  all  doing  a  riishing  business.  Everything  is  a  little  more 
genteel  here  than  further  down  the  street.  The  pawn  -shop  up  this  way  is 
no  longer  a  pawn-shop.  It  is  a  "  loan  office."  The  saloon  is  a  refreshment 
hall,  with  marble  walls  and  marble  floors,  and  elegant  mirrors  and  oil 
paintings.  The  "bum"  is  not  found  in  this  vicinity,  where  whisky  is  fif- 
teen and  twenty  cents  a  drink. 

Splendid  Business  Lunches  are  served  free  in  the  saloons,  and  the  bar- 
keepers wear  spotless  linen  and  genteel  smiles.  I  do  not  think  it  advisable 
to  point  out  to  you  the  entrances  to  the  mimerous  gambling  houses  which  line 
this  thoroughfare.  I  don't  think  it  any  part  of  my  duty  as  guide  to  '•  steer  " 
you  against  a  brace  game  or  a  square  game.  If  you  are  inclined  in  the 
direction  of  faro,  roulette  or  poker,  you  do  not  need  to  be  told  where  to  find 
these  games  in  full  blast.  I  never  knew  an  amateur  gambler  in  my  life  who 
couldn't  scent  the  lair  of  the  tiger  and  hear  the  rattle  of  the  chips  afar  off, 
By  some  sort  of  intuition  or  natural  attraction,  unaccounted  for  in  my 
philosophy, 

Gamblers,  Professional  and  Amateur,  are  certain  to  find  a  common  meet- 
ing place.  They  will  have  no  difficulty  in  finding  all  the  amusement  they 
want  here,  at  any  time  of  the  day  or  night.  Of  course,  you  understand,  as 
I  do,  that  gambling  is  suppressed  in  Chicago.  The  Mayor  and  Superintend- 
ent of  Police  unite  in  the  opinion  that  there  is  no  gaming  for  money  going 
on  in  the  city,  and  that  ought  to  settle  it.  Yet,  we  have  been  brushing  up 
against  well-dressed  gamblers  and  would-be-sports  for  the  past  hour.  I 
have  spoken  of  the 

"  Would-be- Sports." — These  are  altogether  about  as  contemptible  a  class 
of  young  men  as  you  will  be  unfortunate  enough  to  come  in  contact  with 
during  your  visit.  They  are  -found  principally  on  the  west  side  of  Clark 
between  Adams  and  Washington  sts.  They  dress  nattily  and  spend  their 
time  in  posing,  generally  near  the  entrances  to  the  gambling  houses.  As  a 
rule  they  are  the  sons  of  well-to-do  parents.  They  do  not  find  it  necessary 
to  work  for  a  living.  The  one  ambition  of  their  useless  lives  is  to  be  pointed 
out  as  gamblers.  They  are  not  gamblers,  however.  They  haven't  got  brains 
enough  to  be  gamblers  of  the  professional  species.  The  men  who  follow 

Gambling  as  a  Business  haven't  got  time  to  pose.  Usually  they  are  not 
over  proud  of  their  calling  and  have  no  desire  to  be  pointed  out  as  sports. 
They  work  hard  for  all  they  get,  just  like  other  people.  If  they  make  gains 
to-day,  they  are  likely  to  suffer  losses  to-morrow.  They  have  their  anxieties 
like  the  rest  of  us.  Most  of  them  have  families.  Many  of  them  have  nice 
wives  and  interesting  children.  Some  of  them  live  in  highly  respectable 
neighborhoods.  They  gamble  only  as  a  pure  matter  of  business,  and  not 
because  they  are  infatuated  with  the  green  cloth  or  the  surroundings  of  the 
gaming  table.  You  don't  see  these  men  posing  in  front  of  the  saloons  or 


THE   GUIDE. 


107 


gambling  house  entrances,  as  I  said  before.  They  haven't  got  time.  Neither 
they  flash  do 

Alaska  Sparklers,  nor  wear  lavender  pantaloons,  nor  light  kid  gloves 
nor  spend  their  time  in  "mashing"  the  foolish  maidens,  just  past  schoo. 
age,  whom  you  may  see  tripping  by  here  in  the  hope  of  catching  smiles 
from  the  would-be  sports.  There  are  other  young  men  along  this  street  and 
around  these  corners  who  would  also  like  to  be  known  as  gamblers.  They 
are  only  thieves,  however,  and  of  the  lowest  order.  They  are  cowardly 
thieves — fellows  who  rob  drunken  men,  or  who  can  be  hired  to  commit  any- 
thing in  the  nature  of  a  small  crime.  Some  of  them  are  "  Bunco  Steerers," 
ruffians  who  worm  themselves  into  the  confidence  of  strangers,  and  induce 

them  to  visit  disreputable 
gaming  houses  where  they 
are  certain  to  be  robbed. 
They  do  this  business  for  a 
commission. 

The  "Confidence"  Man 
proper  I  can  not  point  out 
to  you,  for  if  he  be  a  confi- 
dence man,  worthy  of  the 
name,  there  is  nothing  about 
his  appearance  or  his  man- 
ners to  indicate  that  fact. 
But  you  may  be  certain  that 
he  is  here,  some  where,  and 
looking  for  a  victim.  He 
seldom  makes  a  mistake. 
Before  night  some  fool  will 
cash  the  check  he  carries 
with  him,  or  advance  money 
on  the  warehouse  receipts 
which  he  will  produce  at  the 
proper  moment.  The  most 
famous  gambling  house  on 
the  street  for  years  was  "The 
Store,"  kept  by  Michael  C. 
McDonald,  N.  W.  Cor.  Clark 
and  Monroe  sts.  McDonald 
coined  money  there. 

He  is  a  Millioniare  Now 
and  one  of  the  principal 
stockholders  and  managers 
of  the  Lake  Street  Elevated 
Railroad.  Besides,  he  is  an 
influential  politician,  and  in 
his  time  has  made  and 
unmade  a  large  number  of 
local  statesmen.  The  gam- 
bling houses  now  in  existence 
are  scattered  throughoiit 
U.  S.  APPRAISERS  BUILDING.  -See  Buildings.  this  neighborhood.  The  most 

prominent  of  them  is  the  place 

conducted  by  a  pei'son  namec"  Hankins  near  by.  There  is  a  magnificent  saloon 
and  sporting  men's  resort  in  the  vicinity  .conducted  by  a  gentleman  named  Mr. 
Harry  Varnell.  We  will  let  you  find  this  place  and  several  other  places  of 
the  same  kind,  if  you  are  seeking  them.  For  the  present  we  will  leave  the 
sporting  men  and  the  sporting  men's  resorts  and  step  across  Madison  street 
to  a  corner  that  is  full  of  present  and  historic  interest  to  the  Chicagoan. 
This  was  formerly  known  as  "Dale's,"  it  is  now  favorably  and  familiarly 
known  as 

Dale  &  SempilVs. — I  don't  believe  there  is  a  corner  in  this  great  city 
which  is  better  known.  This  has  been  the  case  during  all  the  years  I  can 


108  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

remember  in  Chicago.  Mr.  Dale  was  a  gentleman  everybody 'liked.  He 
kep*  open  house  for  the  public,  and  hundreds  and  thousands  of  people  have 
occupied  the  seats  pi'ovided  for  those  who  are  destined  to  wait  for  other 
people.  Mr.  Dale  is  succeeded  by  Mr.  Sempill,  another  gentleman  of  the 
same  hospitable  disposition.  You  do  not  feel  that  you  are  intruding  when 
you  drop  in  here  to  wait  for  the  friend  who  never  comes,  or  to  keep  an 
appointment  with  the  man  who  has  been  unavoidably  delayed.  Dale  & 
Sempill  do  a  great  business  while  you  are  waiting.  You  are  bound  to 
admire  the  manner  in  which  the  business  is  managed,  and  your  admiration 
extends  to 

The  Elegant  Soda  Fountain,  where  the  thirst  of  countless  thousands 
is  quenched  annually.  It  is  well  worth  while  to  spend  a  little  time  here,  if 
only  to  watch  the  crowds  as  they  pass  by.  There  is  a  procession  of  human- 
ity moving  past  the  door,  and  you  will  wonder,  as  I  have  wrondered  hundreds 
of  times,  where  all  these  people  come  from  and  where  they  are  going  to. 
Dale  &  Sempill's  is  known  as  "The  City  Drug  Store."  It  is  conducted  on  a 
high  class  plan.  I  would  rather  trust  a  prescription  to  one  of 

Mr.  Sempill's  Young  Men  than  to  any  young  man  I  know  of,  for  his 
employes  are  graduates  of  colleges  of  pharmacy;  but  more  than  that,  they 
receive  a  training  here  which  qualifies  ihem  for  the  delicate  business  that 
they  have  to  perform.  Let  us  stand  on  Dale  &  Sempill's  corner  a  minute  or 
two.  We  are  likely  to  be  jostled,  but  here  is  a  good  point  of  observation. 
To  the  south  is  Clark  St.,  a  busy  thoroughfare  in  which  there  is  constantly 

A  Surging  Mass  of  Humanity.— That  is  the  Grand  Pacific  hotel  away 
down  there,  and  just  pelow  it  are  "McCoy's "  and  other  hotels  of  the  second 
order.  On  the  corner  opposite  is  the  Grace  hotel,  or  Hotel  Grace,  whichever 
way  you  would  put  it.  To  the  north  is  Clark  st.  also.  From  the  bridge, 
which  we  see  in  the  distance,  to  the  south  it  is  "South  Clark  street."  There 
is  the  magnificent  Ashland  block,  the  Sherman  house,  the  Court  house  and 
the  Chicago  Opera  house,  all  great  buildings.  To  the  east  we  look  down 
Madison  st.,  which  is  as  densely  crowded  at  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night 
as  any  thoroughfare  in  the  city.  There  is  Wabash  ave.,  State  st,  and  Dear- 
born st.  crossing  it  at  right  angles,  and  we  notice  a  blockade  of  street  cars, 
hansom  cabs  and  wragons  at  every  intersection.  You  must  keep  your  wits 
about  you  at  these  crossings.  The  policemen  will  do  their  best  for  you,  but 
their  best  sometimes  is  not  enough  to  prevent  some  unfortunate  person 
from  getting  under  the  wheels.  That  is  McVicker's  theatre,  and  this  side 
of  it  is  the  Tribune  building.  Across  the  street  is  the  great  Hartford  build- 
ing, and  opposite  is  the  Inter-Ocean  building.  The  buildings  in  our  imme- 
diate vicinity  are  not  "imposing"  but  they  are  all  handsome  business 
houses.  There,  diagonally  across,  is 

"  Chambers'  Corner,"  one  of  the  most  familiar  landmarks  in  the  city. 
Chambers'  jewelry  house  is  an  establishment  that  received  the  stamp  of 
public  approval  many  years  since.  It  is  conducted  on  a  plan  which  aims, 
first,  to  win  the  confidence  of  the  people  and  next  to  respect  it.  You  cannot 
get  less  than  your  money's  worth  in  Chambers',  whether  you  buy  a  ring,  a 
watch  or  a  diamond  necklace.  The  windows,  you  see,  are  surrounded  by 
people ;  they  always  are ;  they  always  have  been,  ever  since  I  can  remember. 
Next  door  west  is  Browning,  King  <fe  Co.'s  clothing  establishment.  Just  west 
is  Burke's  hotel,  and  beneath  it  is  the  beautiful  Chicago  oyster  house, 
where  you  avoid  the  bad  odor  of  the  basement  restaurants.  West  again 
is 

RevelVs  Book  Store  and  publishing  house,  a  place  to  go  to  for  high-class 
literature  of  all  kinds,  and  particularly  for  religious  publications,  bibles, 
etc.  You  can  get  anything  you  want  in  the  religious  publication  line  at 
Revell's  Just  west  of  this  is  one  of  the  great  La  Salle  st.  office  buildings, 
and  then  comes  La  Salle  st.  itself,  over  which  we  have  traveled,  On  the 
other  side  of  Madison  st.  is  the  Tacoma.  We  will  move  north  on  Clark  st. 
and  on  the  N.  W.  Cor.  Clark  and  Washington  sts.  we  find  the 

Opera  House  Block.— This  is  one  of  the  most  imposing  structures  in  the 
City,  eleven  stories  in  height,  erected  in  1885,  on  the  site  of  the  old  Tivoli 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

THE  W.  W.  KIMBALL  BUILDING,  243-253  WABASH  AVE. 

[See  Page  180  and  "  Wesfern  Industry."] 


110  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Garden,  once  a  popular  resort.  Situated  in  the  center  of  this  vast  pile  of 
masonry  is  the  opera  house.  The  building  is  fire-proof  throughout,  and  is 
the  property  of  the  Peck  estate.  [See  " Buidings "  and  "Amusements."] 
On  the  southeast  corner  is  the 

Methodist  Church  Block. — This  is  on  the  outside  a  business  structure, 
given  over  to  offices,  stores,  etc. ;  but  in  the  bddy  of  the  building  is  an  audi- 
torium where  the  services  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  are  held  regu- 
larly. The  property  belongs  to  that  denomination  and  is  very  valuable. 
Just  around  the  corner  to  the  right,  on  Washington  st.,  is  the  magnificent 

Cook  County  Abstract  and  Title  Building,  one  of  the  most  superbly  fin- 
ished office  structures  in  the  city.  The  first  floor  is  occupied  by  the  bank- 
ing house  of  Herman  Schaffner  <fe  Co.,  a  solid  private  financial  institution. 
[See  "  Buildings "  and  "Banks."]  On  the  northwest  corner  is  the  Court 
House,  and  on  the  northeast  corner  is  the  Reaper  block,  built  by  the  late 
Cyrus  H.  McCprmick  shortly  after  the  great  flre.  It  derives  its  name  from 
the  business  in  which  Mr.  McCormick  was  engaged — the  manufacture  of 
reapers.  After  passing  up  Clark  st.  by  the  Grand  Opera  house  and  taking 
a  look  at  the  Sherman  house,  we  find,  ourselves  opposite  the  new  Ashland 
block,  a  graceful  building,  and  just  east  of  this,  on  Randolph  st.,  is  the 
magnificent  Schiller  theatre  building.  [See  "Amusements"  and  "  Build- 
ings."]   

T&NTtt  DfVY. 

A  Circuit  Around  the  Buisness  Center,  Through  the  Wholesale  Dry  Goods 
District,  Winding  up  -on  the  West  Side— The  Savings  Bank  Failures- 
Newspaper    Row— Arend's    Kumyss — Great  Jobbing  Houses — Over   the 
Madison  St.  Bridge— Looking  Toward  the  Setting  Sun— Section  Lines— 
The  John  M  Smyth  Building— A  Great  Establishment— The  Haymarket— 
The  Halsted  St.  Corner— By  Cable  Car— End  of  Our  Ten  Days'  Journey. 
We  will  make  a  beginning  where  we  left  off  yesterday,  at  the  corner  of 
Randolph  and  Clark  sts.    The  Court  House  and  City  Hall  are  on  our  left  as 
we  move  to  the  west.    Passing  the  Sherman  House  we  come  to  the  Fidelity 
Bank  building.    This  structure  is  occupied  by  a  private  banking  firm  now. 
There  are  also  safety  vaults  here.    I  remember  the  time   when  the  scenes 
inside  and  outside  of  this  building  were  as  wild  as  any  I  have  ever  beheld 
in  Chicago.    This  was  during  the  savings  bank  panic  in  1877. 

John  C.  Haines  was  the  president  of  the  Fidelity,  and  he  paid  out  money 
as  long  as  he  could ;  but  the  line  of  frightened  depositors  lengthened  put 
hour  after  hour  and  day  after  day,  until  finally  he  ran  out  of  funds.  In  the 
meantime  the  States  Saving  Institution,  around  the  corner  to  the  left,  and 
the  "Bee  Hive,"  around  the  corner  to  the  right,  had  closed  their  doors. 
There  was  "  intense  excitement "  as  the  newspapers  say,  but  even  this  blew 
over  in  time  and  the  bank  crash  was  soon  forgotten.  Next  door  to  the 
Fidelity  is  the  entrance  to  Hooley's  theatre.  [Se"e  "Amusements."]  A  little 
further  on  and  we  come  to  the  most  dangerous  street  crossing  in  the  city. 
This  is  where  the  West  Side  cable  cars  turn  from  La  Salle  st.  where  the  North 
Side  cable  cars  enter  and  leave  the  tunnel,  and  where  two  processions  of 
horse  cars  are  continuously  moving  east  and  west  on  Randolph  st.  Strange 
that  so  few  accidents  occur  here.  It  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  danger  is 
realized  by  pedestrians,  that  policemen  are  constantly 

On  the  Alert,  and  that  drivers  and  gripmen  keep  their  wits  about  them 
while  passing  these  corners.  [See  "  Hell  Gate  Crossing."]  To  our  left  as  we 
walk  toward  the  east  is  Heath  &  Milligan's  paint  and  oil  establishment.  Mr. 


THE   GUIDE.  .  Ill 

Monroe  Heath,  the  senior  proprietor,  was  formerly  mayor  of  Chicago,  and 
he  is  the  man  who  restored  the  finances  of  the  city  and  established  the  credit 
of  the  municipality  abroad  after  the  dull  period  which  followed  the  fire  and 
the  panic  of  1873.  Along  here  are  a  number  of  similar  concerns  and  business 
houses  not  particularly  worthy  of  our  attention.  On  the  N.  E.  Cor.  of  Ran- 
dolph and  Fifth  ave.  is  the  Briggs  House  [see  "Hotels"],  and  on  the  Cor. 
Washington  st.  and  Fifth  ave.  is 

The  Times  Building,  from  which  is  published  the  Times,  the  FreiePresse, 
and  several  other  weil-known  publications.  On  the  opposite  corner  is  the 
stately  and  beautiful 

Staats-Zeitung  Building, where  the  Staats-Zeitung  newspaper  is  published. 
[See  "Newspapei-s."]  On  the  S.  E.  Cor.  of  Washington  st.  and  Fifth  ave.  is 
the  great  Teutonic  building,  one  of  those  steel  ribbed  affairs  which  seem  to 
reach  to  the  clouds.  [See  "Buildings.")  Walking  east  on  Washington  st., 
to  our  right  we  behold  the  new  office  building  of 

The  Evening  Post,  a  handsome  structure  in  which  is  published  one  of  the 
best  evening  papers  in  the  United  States,  and  just  two  doors  east  of  it  is  the 
elegant 

Herald  Building,  a  decided  improvement  upon  the  surrounding  architec- 
ture and  one  of  the  handsomest  structures  erected  in  Chicago  during  recent 
years.  Returning  to  Fifth  ave.,  just  around  the  corner  to  our  left  is  the  build- 
ing formerly  occupied  by  the  Arbeiter-Zeitung.  It  was  here  that  the  con- 
spiracy which  culminated  in  the  Haymarket  massacre  was  hatched;  here 
Spies  was  arrested,  and  here  were  discovered  great  quantities  of  bombs  and 
infernal  machines.  [See  "  Haymarket  Massacre."]  Near  the  alley  to  our 
left,  is  the  Dispatch  office.  On  the  corner  of  the  alley  opposite  is  the  Globe 
office,  and  on  the  other  corner  is  the  Mail  office.  Across  the  street  is 

The  Daily  Neivs  Office,  which  extends  over  a  large  portion  of  the  block. 
The  building  occupied  by  the  editorial  and  mechanical  departments,  a  new 
and  handsome  one,  is  in  the  rear,  fronting  on  the  alley.  This  is  one  of  the 
most  complete  newspaper  buildings  in  the  country.  The  Daily  News  Count- 
ing room  fronts  on  123  Fifth  ave.  It  is  an  elegant  office.  The  News  Record 
(morning  issue  from  the  same  office)  has  its  counting  room  around  the 
corner  on  Madison  street.  [See  "Newspapers"  and  "Buildings."]  You 
will  be  permitted  to  visit 

The  Press  Rooms  of  the  different  newspaper  offices  at  seasonable  hours, 
and  I  cannot  suggest  anything  that  will  interest  you  more  than  the  process 
of  stereotyping  and  printing  in  one  of  these  big  publication  offices.  We  have 
now  reached  the  intersection  of  Madison  st.  and  Fifth  ave.,  another  crowded 
and  dangerous  crossing,  and  we  will  step  into  Arend's  and  take  a  glass  of 
his  refreshing  and 

Incomparable  I'nmyss. — A  wonderful  drink  is  Kumyss.  Of  all  summer 
drinks,  or  winter  drinks  either,  for  that  matter,  it  is  the  most  refreshing  and 
the  most  healthful.  I  have  been  a  sufferer  from  dyspepsia  myself  and  I 
know  what  I  am  talking  about.  When  nothing  else  in  the  wide  world  would 
conduct  itself  properly  in  my  stomach  I  sought  Kumyss  and  found  relief. 
Dr.  Arend  is  a  public  benefactor,  and  I  say  this  much  about  his  Kumyss 
without  hope  of  reward,  excepting  in  the  consciousness  that  I  have  given 
publicity  to  a  great  truth.  Arend's  Kumyss  is  to  be  found  in  all  the  leading 
hospitals  of  the  city  now,  and  upon  the  tables  of  the  best  families.  Directly 
across  the  street  our  attention  is  called  to 

The  Security  Building,  on  the  N.  E.  Cor.  Madison  and  Fifth  ave.  The 
structure  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  city.  It  is  fourteen  stories  high  and  cost 
between  $250,000  and  $400,000.  The  first  three  stories  are  of  granite,while  the 
upper  floors  are  of  pressed  brick  and  terra  cotta.  [See  "Buildings."] 
Should  we  walk  down  Fifth  ave.  from  this  point  we  woiild  find  ourselves  very 
soon  in  the  midst  of  the  wholesale  dry  goods,  clothing,  boot  and  shoe  and 
notion  district,  but  we  must  approach  it  by  another  route.  Before  leaving 
this  corner  I  want  to  call  your  attention  to  the  general  book  and  news 
agency  of 


112 


OUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 


Charles  Curry,  at  the  opposite  side  of  Madison,  near  La  Salle  st.  Mr.  Curry 
will  furnish  you  with  anything  in  the  line  of  current  literature,  the  newest 
novels,  the  best  magazines,  the  latest  story  papers,  etc.  He  has  another  place 
in  the  Central  Music  Hall  block,  on  State  st.  Mr.  Curry  is  a  young  man  who 
has  made  himself  and,  contrary  to  the  rule  in  such  cases,  he  has  made  him- 
self well.  These  corners  are  noted  principally  for  barber  shops  and  tailor- 
ing establishments.  Madison  and  Fifth  ave.  has  been  for  years  the  point  at 
which  the  wholesale  men  and  the  newspaper  men  of  the  district  have  met 
on  a  common  level,  either  in  the  barber  shop  or  in  the  sample  rooms  which 
abound  here.  After  luncheon  we  will  start  from  the  corner  of  Madison  and 

Clark  sts.  and  walk  west.  The 
corner  itself— or  rather,the  four 
corners  —  we  have  seen  before. 
About  the  center  of  the  block 
to  our  left  is  Burke's  Euro- 
pean hotel,  and  beneath  it  is 
the  Chicago  Oyster  house,  a 
very  large,  a  very  beautiful 
and  a  very  popular  restaurant 
with  business  people.  They 
feed  about  two  thousand  peo- 
ple here  every  day.  Opposite 

Hotel  Brevoort,  recently 
enlarged  [see  "Hotels"],  a 
central  meeting  place  for 
wholesale  men  and  country 
merchants.  Next  to  it  is  the 
Tacoma,  the  first  floors  of 
which  are  occupied  as  stores, 
the  inevitable  drug  store 
being  located  on  the  corner. 
Berry,  the  Candy  Man,  has 
one  of  his  numerous  branch 
shops  here.  I  might  as  well 
tell  you  once  for  all  that  you 
will  find  Berry's  candy  shops 
everywhere  throughout  the 
city.  The  proprietor  of  these 
places  has  made  a  great  deal 
of  money  by  giving  people 
taffy — at  a  reasonable  price 
per  pound — and  a  handsome 
new  building  on  West  Madison 
st.  and  Ashland  ave.  testifies  to 
the  fact.  Across  the  street 
from  the  Hotel  Brevoort  is 
an  entrance  to 

Farwell  Hall,  a  celebrated 
assembly  room,  and  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association. 
Farwell  hall  in  its  time  has 
held  many  notable  gather- 
ings. It  was  here  that  P.  P.  Bliss,  the  composer  of  sacred  music  and  sweet 
singer,  delighted  vast  audiences  day  after  day  for  months  during  the  great 
Moody  and  Sankey  revival  period.  Yes,  he's  dead.  Went  down  with  his 
wife  and  a  score  of  others  in  the  horrible  Ashtabula  railway  accident.  Here 
Moody  and  Sankey  have  held  forth  frequently,  and  here  also 

Francis  Murphy  has  preached  gospel  temperance  to  rmiltitudes.  Others 
equally  well-known  have  been  heard  from  the  platform,  among  them  no  less 
a  personage  than  George  Francis  Train.  It  was  in  Farwell  hall  that  the 
bolt  occurred  among  Republicans  which  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  Grant  and 
the  nomination  of  Garfield  in  1880. 


ATHEN.EUM  BUILDING.— See  Buildings. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

CHICAGO  HERALD  BUILDING,  154-158  WASHINGTON  ST. 

(.See  Page  178  and  "  Newspapers."] 


114  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Building  covers  the  site  now, 
with  an  entrance  from  Madison  st.,  as  formerly.  [See  "Buildings."]  Pass- 
ing over  La  Salle  st.,  we  come  upon  the  fronts  of  two  blocks  of  buildings 
which  will  probably  be  transformed  during  the  next  three  years.  This  part 
of  Madison  st.  is  not  up  with  the  times.  Restaurants,  billiard  halls,  saloons, 
second-hand  book  stores,  news  stands,  etc.,  monopolize  it. 

Crossing  Fifth  Avenue,  we  enter  upon  the  outskirts  of  the  wholesale 
district.  This  district  at  present  may  be  bounded  as  follovs:  By  Fifth  ave. 
on  the  east,  the  river  on  the  west,  Randolph  st.  on  the  north,  and  Van  Buren 
st.  on  the  south.  There  are  two  wholesale  districts,  however,  and  they  are 
so  far  apart  that  it  will  be  many  years  before  the  entire  jobbing  business 
is  centered  in  one  locality.  To  find  room  for  it,  it  will  be  necessary  to  cross 
the  river  to  tne  West  side.  A  movement  in  this  direction  has,  in  fact, 
already  begun,  but  the  large  houses  which  have  located  on  Canal,  Clinton, 
West  Washington  and  West  Randolph  sts.  up  to  this  time  are  mostly  in  the 
machinery  and  machinery-supply  trade. 

The  Great  Dry-Goods  Houses  are  now  all  located  in  what  is  known  as 
the  New  Wholesale  District,  into  which  we  are  about  to  enter.  The  old 
wholesale  district  extends  along  Wabash  ave.,  from  Van  Buren  st.  north  to 
the  river,  and  here  there  are  jobbing  houses  in  almost  every  line  (except 
wholesale  dry-goods)  from  millinery  to  grocery.  Moving  west  on  Madison 
st.  we  pass  several  blocks  of  buildings  that  are  passing  through  a  change. 
The  wholesale  trade  has  been  gradually  drifting  away  from  this  street  to 
the  south.  The  retail  trade  is  just  now  taking  a  fancy  to  it.  That  barn-like 
structure  on  the  N.  E.  Cor.  of  Madison  and  Market  sts,  was  formerly  occu- 
pied by  Marshall  Field  &  Co.,  as  their  wholesale  house.  It  is  now  simply 

A  Storage  Warehouse,  and  an  eye-sore  to  property  owners  in  the  vicinity. 
The  streets  to  the  left  are  all  built  up  elegantly,  and  the  great  wholesale 
boot  and  shoe,  clothing  and  dry-goods  houses  may  all  be  visited  in  a  day's 
trip  along  Fifth  ave.,  Franklin  and  Market  sts.  to  VanBuren,  and  along 
Monroe,  Adams,  Jackson  and  VanBuren  sts.,  from  Fifth  ave.  to  the  river. 
A  tremendous  amount  of  business  is  being  done  in  this  section.  A  stranger 
will  be  received  courteously  in  a  majoritjrof  the  leading  houses. 

J,  V.  Farwell  &  Co.'s  great  establishment  is  worthy  of  a  visit,  and  so  is 
Field's,  but  there  is  more  or  less  of  interest  to  be  found  in  all  the  houses  of 
this  section,  and  it  would  hardly  be  of  value  to  the  visitor  to  point  out  par- 
ticular establishments.  I  must,  however,  call  your  attention  to  the  archi- 
tecture of  this  section.  You  will  notice  that  it  differs  very  materially  from 
that  of  any  other  section  of  the  city.  Take  the  Farwell  building,  for 
instance,  a  specimen  of  modern  commercial  constniction  of  the  plain  school, 
and  compare  it  with  the  massive  structures  occupied  by  Marshall  Field  <fe 
Co.  and  James  H.  Walker  <fe  Co.  The  latter  building  is  a  beautiful  one. 
Among  the  most  familiar  names  you  will  see  down  this  way  is  that  of  Henry 
W.  King  <fe  Co.,  wholesale  clothiers.  Their  quarters  are  spacious  and  their 
facilities  unlimited.  This  is  one  of  the  greatest  clothing  establishments  in 
the  world.  Carson,  Pirie,  Scott  &  Co.'s  new  wholesale  house  is  also  down 
this  way.  Walking  west  on  Adams  st.,  we  pass  the  beautiful  general  office 
of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  Company.  We  must  enter 
these  great  buildings  as  we  come  to  them,  of  course.  A  whole  day  might  be 
given  to  Marshall  Field's,  and  we  would  have  to  spend  a  week  in  this  district 
if  we  were  to  do  full  justice  to  the  trip.  I  have  hurried  you  around  it,  point- 
ing out  only  the  most  prominent  houses.  Leaving  the  wholesale  house  dis- 
trict we  will  start  westward 

From  the  Madison  Street  Bridge.— There  is  a  new  and  handsome  steel 
bridge  here  now  which  was  thrown  open  to  the  public  during  1891.  The  old 
bridge,  which  did  service  here  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century,  was  moved 
down  the  river  to  Washington  st.,  where  it  connects  two  new  viaducts  and 
makes  Washington  st.,  east  and  west,  a  thoroughfare.  One  of  the  tunnels 
through  which  the  cable  cars  pass  runs  beneath  the  river  there.  The  new 
Madison  st.  bridge  is  one  of  the  finest  swing  bridges  erected  in  the  city. 
For  years  the  old  bridge  was  inadequate,  but  the  moving  of  it  was  postponed 


THE   GUIDE.  115 

from  time  to  time  because  of  a  dread  that  .any  change  would  upset  the  busi- 
ness of  the  West  and  South  sides,  discommode  the  public  and  cause  block-' 
ades  over  the  other  swing  bridges  near  by.  Within  the  past  few  years, 
however,  new  bridges  have  been  constructed  at  Jackson  and  Adams  sts. 
Besides  these  improvements  the  switching  of  the  West  Division  Railway 
cars 

Under  the  Tunnel  greatly  relieved  the  strain  \ipon  the  Madison  st. 
bridge,  so  that  of  late,  while  the  travel  over  here  is  immense  at  all  hours  of 
the  day,  and  particularly  in  the  morning  and  in  the  evening,  it  is  by  no 
means  as  great  as  formerly.  It  would  be  an  interesting  sight  for  you  to 
stand  here  on  a  summer's  evening  about  the  time  the  business  houses  and 
factories  of  the  South  Side  are  discharging  their  throngs  of  employes,  and 
also  about  the  time  the  workingmen  of  the  West  Side  are  moving  toward 
their  homes  in  other  parts  of  the  city.  It  has  been  the  case  for  a  number  of 
years,  that  just  about  this  time,  when  the  street  cars  were  overflowing  with 
passengers  and  following  each  other  up  at  intervals  of  less  than  one-eighth 
of  a  minute  apart,  that  a  lumber  schooner,'  or  half  a  dozen  of  them,  and 
perhaps  a  propeller  or  two,  would  demand  the  opening  of  the  draw.  I  have 
seen  the  blockade  extend  from  State  st.  to  the  bridge  on  the  east,  and  from 
the  bridge  to  Halsted  st.  on  the  west  at  such  times.  It  would  be  no  exag- 
geration to  say  that  millions  of  dollars'  worth  of  time  has  been  lost  here  by 
business  people  during  the  last  quarter  of  a  century. 

The  Cable  Loop  has  been  a  great  relief  to  the  public  generally.  The  con- 
struction of  a  new  four-track  steel  bridge  here  has  not  only  greatly  facilitated 
traffic  between  the  West  and  South  sides,  but  has  done  much  toward  build- 
ing up  what  ought  to  be  the  greatest  artery  in  the  city— Madison  st.  From 
the  bridge  to  the  city  limits  and  beyond,  the  thoroughfare  upon  which  we 
are  about  to  enter  is  called 

West  Madison  St.— There  is  an  old  saying  in  this  city  that  Halsted  st. 
extends  from  Milwaukee  to  Cairo,  and  with  equal  truth  it  might  be  said,  that 
Madison  st.  extends  from  Lake  Michigan  to  Burlington,  Iowa.  These  streets 
like  many  other  of  the  leading  thoroughfares  of  the  city,  are  what  are  known 
as  section  lines.  They  follow  the  line  of  the  original  surveysmade  here  years 
before  Chicago  had  developed  even  into  a  third-class  town.  All  over  Chi- 
cago we  find  that  the  old  country  roadways  have  been  preserved  in  these 
later  days  as  streets.  For  instance,  before  we  had  railways  in  this  country 
we  had 

The  Green  Bay  Road,  which  extended  from  Chicago  into  the  Lake  Superior 
country.  At  present  it  is  known  as  N.  Clark  st.  as  far  as  the  city  limits,  as 
EvanstOn  ave.  for  a  distance,  and  again  as  Chicago  ave.  until  we  reach  the 
point  beyond  our  suburban  line,  where  it  is  still  known  as  the  Green  Bay 
road.  Milwaukee  ave.  used  to  be  the  old  Milwaukee  road.  Blue  Island  ave. 
was  the  Blue  Island  road  and  Lake  ave.,  on  the  South  side  was 

The  Military  Eoad  which  led  from  Fort  Dearborn  to  the  nearest  garrisons 
in  existence  on  the  border,  among  them  Detroit.  Madison  st.  to-day  extends 
through  the  township  of  West  Chicago,  and  through  Cicero.  I  do  not  know 
where  it  ends,  because  I  have  never  seen  the  end  of  it,  but  it  loses  itself 
miles  from  here  somewhere  in  the  prairies  to  the  west.  For  three  miles  west 
of  the  bridge  it  is  a  business  street.  When  the  great  fire  of  1871  laid  the 
South  side  in  ashes,  the  greater  part  of  the  West  side— in  fact  all  of  it  except 
the  small  district  in  the  vicinity  of  the  barn  where 

Mrs.  O'Leary's  Coiv  gave  the  fatal  kick,  was  untouched.  Up  to  this  time 
Madison  st.  was  occupied  on  either  side  by  small  frame  residences  of  the 
semi-genteel  character,  and  a  great  many  people  doing  business  on  the 
South  side  lived  in  these  houses.  Before  the  people  of  Chicago  had  recov- 
ered their  senses  after  the  conflagration,  these  West  side  residents  had  com- 
menced tearing  the  fronts  out  of  their  homes  and  transforming  them  into 
shops.  From  the  bridge  to  Ashland  ave.  something  like  three  hundred  Madi- 
son st.  residences  were 

Transformed  Into  Stores  in  less  than  three  weeks  to  meet  the  demands 
of  South  side  business  people.  Not  only  on  Madison  st.,  but  in  fact  on  all 


116  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

the  streets  contiguous  to  the  river,  private  residences  were  transformed 
into  business  houses,  into  boarding  houses  and  into  hotels.  As  the  South 
side  was  re-built,  many  of  the  people  who  had  taken  up  temporary  quarters 
in  the  West  division  moved  back,  and  for  four  or  five  years  there  was  a  large 
number  of  vacant  shops  on  this  side  of  the  river ;  but  the  West  side  had 
experienced  the  flavor  of  a  business  boom,  and  during  the  past  twenty  years 
its  mercantile  interests  have  continued  to  expand,  until  to-day,  while  all  the 
district  between  the  river  and  Ashland  ave.  is  not  given  over  to  business 
houses,  it  is  almost  entirely  so.  To  our  left  as  we  leave  the  viaduct  is 

The  Union  Depot. — The  ground  covered  by  this  railway  station  extends 
from  Madison  st.  on  the  north  to  Van  Buren  st.  on  the  south,  and  covers 
about  a  block  in  width  along  the  river  front.  It  is  one  of  the  handsomest  in 
the  country,  and  its  train  shed  is  the  largest  in  existence.  On  the  west  side 
of  Canal  st.,  and  particularly  in  the  vicinity  of  Madison,  is  a  block  of  build- 
ings, which  has  long  been  not  only  a  disgrace  to  the  west  division  of  the 
city,  but  to  all  Chicago.  It  is  covered  in  part  by  tumble-down  frame  build- 
ings, and  in  part  by  lodging-houses  of  the  lowest  description,  and  the  vicin- 
ity is  the  resort  of  idlers,  thieves  and  vagabonds  generally.  The  lodging- 
houses  have  frequently  been  the  scenes  of  crimes  which  have  shocked  the 
community,  and  they  have  been  as  well  a  menace  to  the  general  peace  of 
the  city  in  times  of  riot  and  disorder.  In  these  lodging  houses,  also,  have 
been  colonized  at  various  times  men  who  have  been  hired  to  do 

Disreputable  Work  at  the  Polls.— To  our  right  is  the  old  Washington  hotel, 
a  landmark  which  will  shortly  disappear  to  make  room  for  an  elegant  block 
of  buildings.  Beyond  this,  at  the  N.  W.  Cor.  of  Canal  st.,  is  a  handsome 
European  hotel,  and  further  on  is  the  Gait  House,  one  of  the  oldest  and 
best  known  hotels  in  the  city.  From  this  point  to  Union  st.  there  is  not 
much  to  be  seen  that  reflects  credit  on  the  West  side,  or  that  will  interest 
the  visitor.  Opposite  Union  st. 

Madison  Hall  has  been  erected.  This  structure  cost  $200,000.  [See 
"Buildings."]  It  is  seven  stories  high.  Adjoining  this  structure  stands 
the 

John  M.  Smyth  Building.— THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  for  1891,  contained  an 
engraving  and  a  description  of  the  John  M.  Smyth  building  on  West  Madison 
st.  The  book  was  scarcely  issued  before  this  handsome  structure  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire.  Upon  the  ruins  has  arisen  a  building  far  more  costly  and 
elegant  in  every  detail  than  its  predecessor.  It  is  the  handsomest  structure  in 
Chicago  devoted  to  the  retail  furniture  trade, and  the  most  imposing  structure 
on  this  side  of  the  river.  It  is  eight  stories  in  height  and  cost  over  $300,000. 
The  building  has  a  frontage  on  West  Madison  st.  of  205  feet,  the  end  wings 
having  each  a  frontage  of  forty  feet  extending  back  to  a  depth  of  180  feet  to 
School  st.  in  the  rear,  while  the  center  portion  with  a  frontage  of  125  feet,  is 
125  feet  deep  thus  leaving  a  court  for  shipping  purposes.  The  court  is 
covered  by  a  trussed  glass  roof .  The  exterior  of  the  first  two  stories  is  built 
of  tool  dressed  blue  Bedford  stone.  Above  this  Bedford  stone  is  used.  The 
feature  of  the  front  is 

A  Grand  Central  Entrance,  being  a  double  arch  forty  feet  wide.  The 
rest  of  the  front  is  chiefly  of  plate-glass  windows,  no  iron  being  visible  on 
the  outside.  The  central  part  of  the  building,  125x125,  contains  a  grand 
vestibule,  finished  in  marble.  The  main  offices  are  situated  on  the  first 
floor.  These  with  the  entire  interior  are  elaborately  and  beautifully  finished. 
Two  grand  stairways  lead  to  the  upper  floors  and  in  addition  there  are  two 
passenger  and  four'freight  elevators.  The  interior  finish  is  of  mill  construc- 
tion, long  leaf  Georgia  pine  timbers,  which  are  used  in  the  floor,  being  four 
inches  thick,  and  a  finish  of  maple.  The  building  is  warmed  by  steam,  while 
300  arc  electric  and  600  incandescent  together  with  innumerable  gas  jets 
flood  it  with  light.  The  burning  of  the  John  M.  Smyth  building  filled  the 
whole  neighborhood  with  disaster.  It  was 

One  of  the  Most  Wicked  Fires  ever  witnessed  on  the  West  Side.  The  fire 
crossed  the  street  to  the  buildings  opposite,  several  of  which  were  reduced 
to  ruins,  and  for  a  time  the  new  and  magnificent  Haymarket  building  seemed 


118 


GUIDE    TO   CHICAGO. 


doomed  to  destruction.  While  the  fire  was  at  its  height  and  half  a  million 
dollars  worth  of  property  was  going  up  in  smoke,  Mr.  Smyth  was  approached 
by  a  reporter  of  a  morning  paper  and  asked  what  he  thought  of  it.  He  said 
in  reply,  "As  soon  as  we  can  remove  the  debris,  we  will  put  up  a  much 
handsomer  building."  The  debris  was  scarcely  cleared  away  before  the 
work  of  erecting  the  new  structure  had  begun.  John  M.  Smyth  was  the 
originator  of  what  has  come  to  be  known  as 

The  Installment  Idea.— 
From  a  small  beginning  his 
establishment  has  grown  until 
it  is  the  largest  of  its  kind  in 
the  world.  Years  ago  Mr. 
Smyth  was  a  newspaper  man, 
but  he  left  that  business  be- 
fore the  great  fire.  He  is  a 
well-read,  scholarly,  r  o  fi  11  e  d 
gentleman,  a  splendid  con- 
versationalist, and  one  of  the 
most  popular  men  in  Chicago. 
For  years  he  has  been  promi- 
nent in  politics,  a  pursuit 
which  he  has  followed  more 
foi*  recreation  than  for  profit. 
He  is  usually  to  be  found  in  his 
office  'from  early  in  the  morn- 
ing until  late  at  night,  but  is 
never  so  rushed  with  business 
that  he  fails  to  meet  his  callers 
with  an  affable  smile,  nor  al- 
lows them  to  depart  without  a 
courteous  hand-shake.  You 
will  be  interested  by 

A  Visit  to  this  Building.— 
Every  floor  is  an  exhibition  in 
itself.  It  would  be  impossible 
to  compute  the  number  of 
customers  of  this  establish- 
ment, but  it  is  estimated  that 
John  M.  Smyth  has  given  a 
start  to  over  75,000  young 
married  people  during  the 
past  fifteen  years.  In  all  this 
time  there  has  never  come  to 
light  a  single  instance  wherein 
the  house  of  John  M.  Smyth 
has  been  gviilty  of  anything  in 


VENETIAN  BUILDING.—  See  Buildings. 


posed  the  slighest  hardship 
upon  an  honest  man  or 
woman,  or  where  it  has  failed 
in  the  faithful  and  most  scru- 
pulous performance  of  a  con- 
tract.  The  house  employs  a 
perfect  army  of  salesmen. 
You  should  walk  through  the  immense  establishment.  It  has  attractions 
for  people  of  all  ages  and  sexes.  Across  the  street  is 

The  Haymarket  Building,  in  which  is  located  the  Hayrnarket  theatre. 
[See  "Amusements."']  The  intersection  of  Madison  and  Halsted  sts.  reminds 
us  forcibly  of  the  intersection  of  Madison  and  Clark  sts.,  which  we  saw  the 
other  day.  Clothing  stores  occupy  three  corners  and  a  drug  store  the  fourth. 
From  this  point  to  the  dry  goods  establishment  of 


THE    GUIDE.  119 

P.  F.  Ryan  &  Co..  Madison  and  Peoria  sts.,  there  isn't  much  to  attract  our 
attention.  Here,  however,  far  removed  from  the  recognized  business  center, 
is  a  large  concern  which  compares  very  favorably  with  the  State  st.  and 
Wabash  ave.  houses.  It  is  a  beaiitiful  dry  goods  store,  and  judging  from 
the  crowds  inside,  we  must  presume  that  it  is  prosperous.  At  Morgan  and 
Madison  js  the  piano  house  of  Adam  Sehaaf.  Then  we  pass  the  large  furni- 
ture concerns  of  Ulick,  Bourke,  Moore  Bros.,  and  others,  and  find  ourselves 
walking  by  long  rows  of  attractive  retail  stores.  We  reach  Throop  st.  and 
the  Waverly  theatre,  Loomis  st.  and  the  West  Side  natatorium,  and  finally 
find  ourselves  at  Ogden  ave.,  where  we  see  more  pretentious  structures, 
among  them  the  Washingtonian  Home  and 

The  Stone  Building,  situated  on  the  triangular  strip,  bounded  by  Madi- 
son, Ogden  and  Ashland  aves.  We  will  take  the  cable  here  and  after  a  trip 
of  two  miles,  passing  block  after  block  of  handsome  buildings,  the  west  Madi- 
son st.  power-house  and  other  points  of  interest,  we  arrive  at  Garfield  Park. 
Just  beyond  here  we  may,  if  we  wish,  take  the  Cicero  electric  line,  which  will 
carry  us  ten  miles  into  the  country  through  some  of  the  prettiest  of  our 
praii'ie  sxiburbs.  [See  "Amusements"  and  "City  Railway  Service."]  Gar- 
field  Park  as  well  as  all  the  parks  on  the  West  side  of  the  river  has  been 
greatly  improved  of  late.  They  are  beautifxil,  all  of  them,  and  everything 
points  in  the  direction  of  their  becoming  fully  as  attractive  as  their 
south  and  north  side  neighbors  in  the  near  future.  Owing  to  the 
arrangement  of  this  volume  it  has  been  necessary  to  speak  of  the  parks  in 
one  department.  It  is  not  necessary  that  I  should  accompany  you  on  a 
trip  to  these  parks,  so  I  will  leave  you  to  wander  around  Garfield  Park  to- 
day, hoping  that  you  will  secure  a  conveyance  and  visit  Humboldt  and 
Douglas  parks  as  well.  They  are  all  connected  by  wide  and  beautiful 
boulevards.  A  cheap  and  a  pleasant  way  for  a  small  party  to  visit 
these  parks  is  to  engage  an  open  carriage,  which  may  be  secured  at 
from  $8.00  to  $12.00  per  day.  If  you  have  a  driver  of  ordinary  intelligence, 
he  will  take  you  to  all  points  of  interest.  Luncheon  may  be  had  at 
any  of  the  parks.  [See  "  Drives."] 

We  have  now  come  to  the  end  of  our  Ten  Days'  Trip  around  the  city.  I 
have,  as  a  rule,  kept  you  within  the  business  section.  I  might  have  taken  you 
over  to  the  North  side,  shown  you  the  water  works,  lake  shore  drive,  Lin- 
coln Park,  the  library  and  club  buildings,  etc.,  etc. ;  but  all  of  these  are  fully 
described  in  the  pages  which  follow.  I  might  have  taken  you  into  the  man- 
ufacturing and  residence  districts,  out  to  the  beautiful  suburbs,  through 
the  boulevards,  over  the  park  system,  etc.,  but  all  these  are  described  in 
their  proper  order;  and  after  being. in  Chicago  ten  days,  with  the  aid  of  THE 
STANDARD  GUIDE,  I  am  satisfied  yoir.will  be  able  to  arrange  daily  excursions 
which  will  be  more  enjoyable,  perhaps,  than  any  I  could  make  up  for  you 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
THE    GRANT    STATUE,    LINCOLN    PARK. 

[See  page  315.! 


(ESTABLISHED  1836.) 


NORTHERN 

ASSURANCE  COMPANY 

ABERDEEN.         I         LONDON. 


United  States  Department  Offices: 

BOSTON,  CHICAGO,  CINCINNATI, 

NEW     YORK,  SAN     FRANCISCO. 


Losses  paid  since  organization,   -    $38,000,000 
Losses  paid  in  United  States,     •       7,775,000 


Northwestern   Department: 

\VM.  D.  CROOKK,  Manager, 

226    La  Salle    Street,    CHICAGO. 

Colorado,  Dakotas,   Illinois,   Iowa,   Kansas,   Michigan,   Minnesota,   Missouri,   Montana, 
Nebraska,   New  Mexico,  Wisconsin,  Wyoming. 


CHICAGO  OFFICE: 

1  TO    LA  SALLE    STREET. 

TELEPHONE,  MAIN   1520. 

CHARLES  NELSON  BISHOP,      -      City  Manager. 


W.  A.  PRIDMORE, 

CHICAGO 

REAL  ESTATE 

INVESTMENTS. 

Property  Rented,  Taxes  Paid,  Special  Attention  Given  to  Care  of 
Property  for  Non-residents. 

LOANS 


In  Any  Amount  from  $1,000  to  $100,000  on  CHICAGO  REAL 
ESTATE,  at  Current  Market  Rates. 


MORTGAGES  for  sale  netting  investor  six  and  seven  per  cent. 
CAPITAL  WANTED. 


CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED. 


I  15  Dearborn  Street,  Rooms  123  and    I  24, 

TELEPHONE  MAIN  2350. 


SOUTHSIDE  OFFICE: 

Cor.  Cottage  Grove  Avenue  and  47th  Street, 

TELEPHONE,  OAKLAND  67. 


Pf\RT  II. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION. 

AMUSEMENT  AND  RECREATION. 

The  visitor  will  not  lack  for  opportunities  of  enjoying  himself  to  his 
heart's  content  in  Chicago,  no  matter  in  what  direction  his  taste  may  hap- 
pen to  lie.  In  addition  to  such  amusements  as  may  be  termed  strictly 
American,  we  have  presented  to  us  here  constantly  the  leading  attractions 
of  European  cities.  Whatever  is  popular  abroad  speedily  finds  its  way  to 
Chicago,  to  be  tested  here  at  least.  Chicago  during  recent  years  has 
become  a  dramatic  center  of  the  first  rank.  Many  new  plays  are  produced 
here  every  season  for  the  first  time.  Architecturally  the  amusement  houses 
of  Chicago  are  the  best  in  the  United  States;  the  interior  decorations,  the 
scenery  and  the  stage  fittings  of  our  theatres  are  unsurpassed.  Aside  from 
the  theatres  there  are  numerous  opportunities  for  enjoyment  afforded  by 
museums,  art  galleries,  picture  galleries,  drives,  excursions,  zoological 
gardens  park  concerts,  etc.,  all  of  which  are  mentioned  under  this  heading. 

Academy  of  Music.— Located  on  the  west  side  of  South  Halsted,  near 
West  Madison  st.  Take  Madison  st.  cable  line.  H.  R.  Jacobs,  manager. 
It  is  conducted  as  a  comedy  and  high-class  vaudeville  theatre.  The  interior 
is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  city,  the  furnishings  being  beautiful.  It  was  twice 
destroyed  by  fire  and  twice  completely  remodeled.  The  theatre  seats  1,800. 

Academy  of  Sciences. — Location,  Lincoln  Park.  Take  North  Clark  or 
North  Wells  st.  cable  line.  When  open,  a  splendid  collection  of  birds,  mam- 
mals, insects,  and  such  natural  curiosities  as  belong  to  an  institute  of  this 
kind.  Free.  [See  "Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences."] 

Alhambra  Theatre.— Located  at  the  Cor.  State  st.  and  Archer  ave.  H.  R. 
Jacobs,  manager.  Take  State  st.  cable  line.  This  theatre  was  opened  by 
Miss  Emma  Juch,  the  prima  donna,  in  1890.  It  is  one  of  the  handsomest  in 
the  city.  The  theatre  has  a  grand  entrance  on  State  st.  and  another  entrance 
on  Archer  ave.,  both  leading  inward  through  a  business  block  to  a  large 
court,  from  which  a  spacious  lobby  opens  into  the  main  foyer.  The  audi- 
torium, constructed  upon  the  most  approved  modern  system,  is  wide  but  not 
deep,  and  has  a  seating  capacity  of  2,500  aside  from  the  twelve  boxes.  The 
lower  floor  seats  750,  the  balcony  550,  and  the  gallery  1,200.  The  ornamenta- 
tion of  the  interior  above  the  boxes,  balconies  and  stage  front  and  ceiling, 
is  Moorish  in  design,  and  the  colors  are  salmon  and  shrimp  pink  with  inter- 
mediate shades.  The  stage  is  forty-five  feet  deep  and  has  an  opening  of 
twenty-five  feet.  Conducted  as  a  first-class  theatre. 

Art  Museum. — Located  on  Michigan  ave.,  opposite  Adams  st.  Until  its 
new  building  is  completed  the  museum  is  in  temporary  quarters  at  202  Mich- 
igan ave.  Magnificent  exhibit  of  paintings,  statuary,  curios,  etc.  Some  of  the 
paintings  exhibited  are  very  costly  and  rare,  [See  "Buildings  "  and  "Art."J 
A  half  day  can  be  spent  pleasantly  and  profitably  here. 

Auditorium  Theatre. — The  theatre  of  the  Auditorium  building;  location, 
Wabash  ave.  and  Congress  st.  The  audience  room  of  the  theatre  is  reached 

123 


124  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

from  Congress  st,  near  the  corner  of  Wabash  ave.  A  grand  vestibule  with 
ticket  offices  on  right  and  left  side,  leads  to  a  mosaic  paved  lobby.  The  low 
vaulted  ceiling,  pillared  by  shapely  towers  and  jetted  with  electric  lights 
give  it  an  unique  appearance.  Several  large  cloak  rooms  range  along  one 
side,  and  from  the  other,  broad  marble  stairs,  protected  by  solid  bronze 
balusters,  reach  to  the  foyer.  This  part  of  the  house  is  of  ample  dimensions, 
and  richly  furnished.  Two  large  retiring  rooms  for  ladies  and  smokers  ad- 
join on  the  south  end,  both  decorated  and  furnished  with  dainty  taste.  The 
house  contains  forty  boxes,  supplied  with  luxurious  chairs  and  sofas  and 
hung  with  curtains  of  delicately  tinted  plush.  There  are  4,050  seats,  about 
1,500  of  which  are  located  in  the  parquet.  Above  the  parquet  are  the  first 
and  second  balconies  and  the  gallery.  The  two  latter  portions  of  the  house 
can  be  closed  down  for  special  occasions  by  iron  curtains  worked  by  a  wind- 
lass and  chains — an  ingenious  arrangement  and  very  useful  at  times.  Over 
5,500  incandescent  lamps  are  used  in  the  theatre  and  stage.  The  general 
color  treatment  of  the  walls,  ceiling  and  pillars  is  yellow  in  various  shades. 
The  effect  produced  when  the  electric  lamps  are  lit  is  extraordinarily  impres- 
sive. The  orchestra  pit  has  accommodations  for  100  players.  A  special 
feature  is  the  great  organ,  which  contains  7,193  pipes  and  is  divided  into 
seven  parts.  This  organ  is  concealed  behind  the  north  wall.  Frequent 
organ  recitals  are  given  at  popular  prices.  The  equipment  of  the  stage  is 
most  complete.  Open  almost  nightly. 

Barlow's  Pavilion.— A  combination  of  beer  garden,  restaurant  and  vari- 
ety entertainment.  Location,  1923  Archer  ave. 

Base  Ball,  Cricket,  Tennis,  Foot  Ball,  Bicycle  Exhibitions,  Etc.— During 
the  season  all  manner  of  out-door  games,  professional  and  amateur.  (See 
announcements  in  daily  papers.)  Base  ball  attracts  large  crowds.  [See 
"  Clubs,"  "  Athletic  and  Sporting."] 

Bird's  Eye  Views. — Chicago  may  be  seen  from  the  roof-garden  of  the 
Masonic  Temple,  twenty  stories  high  (25  cents) ;  from  the  tower  of  the 
Auditorium,  seventeen  stories  high  (25  cents),  and  from  the  Board  of  Trade 
tower,  equal  to  fifteen  stories  high  (free) . 

Battle  of  Gettysburg  Cyclorama.  —  Located  at  the  Cor.  Wabash  ave. 
and  Panorama  pi.  Take  Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  This  magnificent  cyclor- 
ama  has  been  one  of  the  leading  attractions  of  Chicago  for  several  years, 
and  hundreds  of  thousands  of  people  have  seen  and  admired  it.  The  building 
in  which  the  painting  is  exhibited  is  similar  to  those  in  the  leading  conti- 
nental cities  of  Europe.  Open  day  and  evening.  Admission,  50  cents; 
children,  half  price. 

Casino.— [See  "Haverly's  Casino."] 

Central  Music  Hall.—  Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  State  and  Randolph  sts.  It 
has  a  seating  capacity  of  2,000,  and  is  the  cosiest  and  most  comfortable  hall 
in  the  country.  Much  space  is  given  to  foyer  and  aisles,  and  to  ample 
facilities  for  entrances  and  exits.  It  is  tastefully  decorated  and  furnished, 
and  its  acoustic  properties  have  been  pronounced  perfect  by  the  great  lyric 
artists,  and  the  speakers  who  have,  from  time  to  time,  appeared  upon  its 
stage.  The  graceful  curve  of  the  galleries  is  a  feature  of  the  house,  and  no 
seat  is  undesirable  by  reason  of  its  imperfect  view  of  the  stage,  or  distance 
from  it.  As  originally  intended,  the  hall  is  occupied  on  Sunday  mornings 
by  the  Central  Church  congregation,  presided  over  by  Prof.  Swing,  and  for 
the  purpose  of  religious  services  there  is  provided  a  magnificent  organ. 
[See  "  Buildings."]  Open  almost  nightly. 

Chicago  Fire  Cyclorama.— This  magnificent  cyclorama  presents  in  a  very 
truthful  and  striking  manner  the  scenes  and  incidents  of  the  great  Chicago 
fire  of  1871.  The  hour  chosen  is  early  Monday  morning  and  the  point  of  view 
the  site  of  old  Fort  Dearborn.  Before  the  observer,  to  the  southwest,  is  the 
business  portion  of  the  city,  a  crumbling  mass  of  ruins;  to  the  northv/est 
may  be  seen  a  thousand  acres  of  a  veritable  sea  of  fire,  while  along  the  lake 
shore  are  tens  of  thousands  of  people  in  a  mad,  furious  flight  for  safety.  The 
cyclorama  is  open  day  and  evening.  Admission,  50  cents;  children,  25  cents. 


126 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 


Chicago  Opera  House.— Located  in  the  Chicago  Opera  House  building,  a 
magnificent  structure,  S.  W.  Cor.  Clark  and  Washington  sts.,  opposite  the 
Court  House.  John  W.  Norton  &  Co.,  proprietors.  The  production  of  the 
spectacular  is  made  a  specialty  here.  The  prices  range  from  50  cents  to  $1.50, 
according  to  location,  and  the  boxes  are  $10,  $12  and  $14  on  the  lower  floor, 
and  $8  and  $10  in  the  upper  tier.  The  theatre  has  a  seating  capacity  of  about 
2,500.  The  proscenium  opening  is  36  feet  wide  and  the  height  from  the  stage 
to  the  "gridiron"  is  70  feet. 

Chickering  Music  Hall.— Formerly  Weber  Music  hall.  Located  on  Wabash 
ave.  and  Adams  st.  Chickering,  Chase  Bros.  Co.,  managers.  Seating  capac- 
ity, 400;  stage,  28x20;  no 
scenery.  Frequent  high- 
class  concerts  are  given 
during  the  season. 

Chinese  Theatre.—  Lo- 
cation near  World's  Fair 
grounds,  between  Sixty- 
third  and  Sixty-fourth 
sts.  Built  by  the  Wah 
Yung  company;  capital 
stock,  $80,000.  The  build- 
ing  was  planned  by  a 
Chicago  architect  and 
is  a  handsome  one  of  the 
oriental  pattern.  Native 
Chinese  performers  ap- 
pear. 

Clark  Street  Theatre. 
—  Located  on  the  east 
side  of  North  Clark  st., 
near  the  bridge.  For- 
merly McCormick's  hall, 
later  the  Casino.  Has 
been  remodeled  and  re- 
fitted in  a  first-class  man- 
ner. H.  R.  Jacobs,  mana- 
ger. A  popular  light 
comedy  and  vaudeville 
theatre. 

Columbia  Theatre.  — 
Located  at  the  south  side 
of  Monroe  between  Clark 
and  Dearborn  sts.,  close 
to  all  the  leading  hotels 
and  convenient  to  rail- 
road depots  and  street 
car  terminals.  Proprie- 
tors, Al.  Hayman  and  Will 
J.  Davis.  This  theatre  is 
the  successor  of  "  Hav- 


STONE  BUILDING.— See  Buildings. 


erly's,"  successor  of  the  "Adelphi,"  which  occupied  the  old  post  office 
building  on  Monroe  and  Dearborn  sts.,  the  present  site  of  the  First 
National  bank  building.  Haverly  opened  the  new  theatre,  giving  it  his 
name,  on  September  12,  1882,  with  Robson  and  Crane  in  "Twelfth 
Night."  Business  reverses  having  compelled  Haverly  to  retire  from 
the  management,  a  new  company  was  formed,  and  the  theatre  was 
re-christened  the  "Columbia"  by  Miss  Ellen  Terry,  during  an  engage- 
ment of  Henry  Irving,  in  1885.  The  interior  of  the  Columbia  is  beautiful, 
the  decorations  being  at  once  rich  and  pleasing.  The  house  is  practically 
fire-proof,  but  numeroxis  exits  are  provided  so  that  the  theatre  may  be  emp- 
tied in  a  few  minutes  in  case  of  a  panic  arising  from  any  cause.  The  house 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  127 

is  illuminated  by  electricity.  Dimensions:  The  buildingois  70x190  feet,  six 
stories  in  height;  stage,  70x54  feet;  proscenium  opening,  34  feet  -syide;  seat- 
ing capacity,  2,400.  Admission,  25  cents,  50  cents,  75  cents,  $1.00  and  $1.50, 
according  to  location.  Boxes,  $10,  $12  and  $15. 

Criterion  Theatre. — Located  on  Sedgwick  and  Division  sts.,  North  side; 
C.  S.  Engle,  lessee;  Alf.  Johnson,  business  manager.  Seating  capacity, 
1,800.  Conducted  as  a  theatre  of  the  light  comedy  and  burlesque  character. 
Has  a  large  neighborhood  patronage.  ;. 

Conservatories.— Magnificent  conservatories,  located  in  all  of  the  great 
parks  of  the  city,  are  open  to  the  public,  free  of  charge,  winter  and  summer. 
The  collections  of  native,  foreign,  tropical  and  semi-tropical  plants  and 
flowers  are  extensive,  costly  and  beautiful. 

Dog  Exhibitions.— Exhibits  of  blooded  dogs  are  given  annually,  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Kennel  Club.  These  are  known  as  "Bench  Shows." 
(See  daily  newspapers  for  announcements.) 

Drives. — There  are  three  systems  of  magnificent  drives  in  and  around 
Chicago,  which  may  be  denominated  the  Southern,  Northern  and  Western. 
The  southern  begins  at  Randolph,over  Michigan  ave.  and  Michigan  blvd,from 
which  the  carriage  may  diverge  at  14th  st.  south  on  Prairie  or  Calumet  aves., 
or  at  39th  st.  south  on  Grand  orDrexel  blvds.,  and  through  the  beautiful  and 
shaded  avenues  of  the  South  Park  system  and  villages  embraced  in  the  town- 
ship of  Hyde  Park.  A  pleasant  evening  drive  might  be  mapped  out  as  follows : 
South  on  Michigan  blvd.  to  Oakland  blvd.,  east  on  Oakland  to  Grand  blvd., 
south  on  Grand  blvd.  to  Washington  Park,  through  Washington  Park,  western 
drive,  around  the  southern  extremity,  by  Washington  Park  race  course,  past 
the  conservatory  and  flower  gardens,  north  on  Drexel  blvd.,  west  on  Oak- 
land blvd.  to  Grand  blvd.,  north  on  Grand  blvd.  to  35th  st.,  east  on  35th  st. 
to  Michigan  blvd.,  north  on  Michegan  blvd.  The  northern  drive  properly 
begins  at  the  water  works,  foot  of  Chicago  ave.,  north  on  Lake  Shore  drive 
through  Lincoln  Park,  around  the  lakes  and  monuments  and  may  be 
extended  northward  on  Sheridan  drive  by  Graceland  Cemetery,  Buena  Park, 
Edgewater  and  Evanston.  A  pleasant  evening  drive  would  be  over  the 
Lake  Shore  drive  to  Lincoln  Park,  west  on  North  ave.  to  Humboldt  blvd., 
south  on  Humboldt  blvd.  to  Humboldt  Park,  and  east  over  Milwaukee  ave., 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  thoroughfares  in  the  city  to  the  South  side. 
The  western  drive  properly  begins  at  Halsted  st.,  west  on  Washington  blvd. 
to  Garfield  Park,  around  Garfield  Park  to  the  extreme  southwestern  corner, 
by  the  Chicago  Driving  Park,  over  Douglas  blvd.  to  Douglas  Park,  around 
Douglas  Park  to  Ogden  blvd.,  over  Ogden  blvd.  to  West  12th  street  blvd., 
east  on  West  12th  street  blvd.  to  Ashland  blvd.,  south  on  Jackson  blvd.  to 
the  business  center.  In  the  course  of  these  drives  the  principal  residence 
districts  of  the  three  main  divisions  of  the  city  will  be  penetrated. 

Electric  Fountains. — The  Yerkes  electric  fountain  at  Lincoln  Park  is  in 
operation  usually  two  evenings  each  week.  The  electric  fountains  at 
Jackson  Park  are  permanent  attractions  for  that  portion  of  the  city.  [See 
"  Yerkes  Electric  Fountain."] 

Epstean's  New  Dime  Museum,  located  on  the  north  side  of  Randolph  st. 
near  Clark  st.  Louis  Epstean,  proprietor.  A  first-class  museum  of  the  kind, 
containing  numerous  curiosities,  novelties  in  the  way  of  human  and  animal 
natural  freaks,  wax  works,  electric  contrivances,  etc.  Very  amusing  to 
children.  Admission  10  cents. 

Excursions. — Excursions  by  cable  or  rail  may  be  taken  throughout  the 
season  to  the  various  points  of  interest,  summer  resorts,  fishing  and  hunt- 
ing grounds,  within  a  radius  of  500  miles  of  Chicago.  There  are  many  beauti- 
ful places  within  a  few  hours  of  Chicago,  notably  the  lakes  of  northern 
Illinois,  western  Indiana  and  southern  Wisconsin.  Fox  lake,  and  the  numer- 
ous lakes  in  the  vicinity,  Geneva  lake  and  other  charming  spots,  are  close  at 
hand.  Take  Chicago  <fe  North-western,  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  or 
Wisconsin  Central  for  northern,  northwestern  and  western  summer  resorts, 
Waukesha  and  Oconomowoc  are  but  a  short  distance,  and  Minnetonka  may  be 


128  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

reached  over  night.  Steamboats  make  daily  and  hourly  excursions  to  all 
points  on  the  chain  of  great  lakes.  Boats  leave  Rush  St.,  State  st.  and  Clark 
st.  bridges,  as  well  as  piers  on  the  lake  front,  for  short  and  long  trips. 

Excursions  by  Cable  and  Electric  Cars. —  During  the  summer  months, 
when  open  cars  are  used,  there  is  a  great  deal  of  enjoyment  and  a  great 
deal  of  fresh  air  to  be  obtained  by  taking  a  cable  car  on  one  of 
the  main  lines.  The  South  side  cars  will  take  you  to  the  southern  extrem- 
ity of  the  city.  You  may  visit  Washington  Park,  Jackson  Park  (the  Expo- 
sition), Oakwoods  cemetery,  Drexel  or  Grand  boulevards,  or  you  may  get  off 
within  a  block  or  two  of  any  of  the  finest  residence  streets  of  the  South  side, 
within  an  hour  after  leaving  the  center  of  the  city,  for  five  cents.  You  may 
visit  Garfield  or  Douglas  Parks  by  taking  the  West  Madison  st.  line,  or  Hum- 
boldt  Park  by  taking  the  Milwaukee  ave.  line.  The  North  side  lines  take 
you  to  Lincoln  Park,  and  you  may  reach  the  northern  suburbs  by  horse  or 
electric  extensions.  A  very  pleasant  and  a  very  cheap  excursion  for  an 
afternoon  is  via  the  West  Madison  st.  line  to  West  Fortieth  st.,  and  thence 
over  the  Cicero  and  Proviso  Electric  railway  line  to  the  beautiful  suburbs 
which  have  risen  on  the  western  prairies.  There  are  four  different  lines  of 
the  road,  making  in  all  twenty-one  miles  of  track.  Where  the  Madison  st. 
cable  line  ends,  at  Fortieth  st.,  begins  the  electric  road.  To  the  passenger 
who  for  the  first  time  rides  over  this  line,  is  revealed  many  pleasant  sur- 
prises. From  the  Madison  st.  cars  is  obtained  a  far-reaching  view  across 
the  country.  The  range  of  vision  takes  in  street  upon  street  of  handsome 
cottage  homes;  further  away  rise  the  tall  chimneys  of  some  of  America's 
largest  manufacturing  industries.  Turning  at  West  Forty -eighth  st.,  the 
cars  dart  along  until  pretty  Moreland  is  reached.  The  broad  streets  of  this 
little  town  are  lined  with  beautiful  homes.  A  little  further  and  fair  Austin 
is  revealed.  The  songs  of  praise  of  this  "sweetest  village  of  the  plain,''  have 
been  so  widely  sung  that  scarce  a  person  but  who  has  heard  of  its  beauties. 
'Tis  like  one  great  park.  Its  streets  are  broad  and  smooth  as  a  billiard 
table.  Rows  of  big  trees  line  the  streets,  standing  high  in  the  air,  as  if 
guarding  from  intrusion  the  broad  lawns  which  reach  back  to  the  costly 
residences.  Just  west,  with  no  apparent  dividing  line,  is  Ridgeland,  also 
famous  for  its  beauty  and  handsome  homes.  Then  comes  Austin's  only 
rival.  While  not  a  well  known  as  its  neighbor,  Oak  Park  is  considered 
by  many  the  ideal  suburb.  With  its  macadamized  streets,  parks  and 
costly  dwellings,  high  class  schools,  elegant  churches,  electric  lights, 
perfect  water  and  sewer  system,  coupled  with  a  naturally  fine  location, 
being  on  high  elevation — in  truth,  little  is  left  to  be  desired.  One  to 
decide  between  the  merits  of  the  two  rivals  would  have  a  difficult 
problem  to  solve.  At  Harlem  ave.,  which  forms  the  dividing  line  between 
Oak  Park  and  River  Forest,  the  cars  turn  to  the  south  and  rush  along 
until  that  most  unique  village,  Harlem,  is  reached.  This  place  boasts 
of  being  the  wealthiest  municipality,  in  proportion  to  its  size  and 
population,  in  all  Illinois.  It  would  be  difficult  indeed  to  find  a 
more  beautiful  picture  than  that  presented  to  the  view  from  the 
corner  of  Desplaines  ave.  and  Madison  st.  What  changes  eighty  years  have 
made  here.  Once  this  was  the  headquarters  of  the  powerful  Pottawatomie 
nation.  The  classic  Desplaines  river,  not  very  long  ago,  bore  on  its  bosom 
many  an  Indian  canoe,  and  might,  could  it  speak,  tell  thrilling  stories  of 
the  redskins'  powwow,  of  battles  won  and  lost,  and  romantic  courtships. 
Here,  even  to  this  day,  is  pointed  out  on  the  banks  of  the  river  the  spot  from 
where  Wenanka,  a  lovely  Indian  maiden,  whose  pale-face  lover  proved 
faithless,  plunged  into  the  turbid  waters  and  drowned  her  sorrow  and  her- 
self. Here  is  the  ancient  burying  ground  of  this  tribe,  and  the  curiosity- 
seeker  or  the  builder  often  stumbles  into  a  grave  where  repose  the  remains 
of  braves  whose  deeds  won  for  them  renown  centuries  ago.  It  is  all  changed 
now.  Where  once  these  scenes  were  enacted,  on  pleasant  days,  are  to  be 
seen  dozens  of  family  groups,  hunting  and  fishing  parties.  Here  too  are 
some  of  the  most  famous  cemeteries  in  the  world,  Waldheim,  where  lie 
buried  under  a  monument,  whose  inscription,  "  Our  silence  will  prove  more 
effective  than  words,"  has  passed  into  the  history  of  anarchy  as  the  utter- 


[Engraved  for  the  Standard  Guide  Company.J 

SCHILLER  THEATRE,  RANDOLPH,  NEAR  CLARK  ST. 

[See  Page  135.] 


130  GUIBT5   TO   CHICAGO. 

ance  of  a  martyr — Spies,  Lingg  and  their  associates.  Forest  Home  and 
Coneordia,  together  with  others,  are  all  within  Harlem's  limits.  Another 
public  institution  is  the  Memorial  German  Old  People's  Home.  Just  across 
the  Desplaines  river  is  Maywood,  which  partakes  of  the  natural  beauties 
of  the  country,  and  is  rapidly  being  developed  into  a  manufacturing1  town. 
In  Ridgeland  is  the  main  car  barn,  the  power  house  and  repair  shops  of  the 
company.  In  the  erection  of  this  plant  many  innovations  have  been 
included.  The  repair  shop  contains  every  convenience.  It  is  60x210  feet 
in  size  and  three  stories  high.  It  also  contains  the  general  offices  of  the 
company,  together  with  hall  for  gymnasium  and  reading  rooms  for  the  use 
of  the  employes.  The  car  barn  is  200x200  and  has  a  capacity  of  100 
cars.  The  power  house  is  fitted  with  every  modern  improvement,  making 
the  whole  system  the  most  complete  and  perfect  of  any  electric  road  of  its 
size  in  the  world.  [See  "  City  Railway  Service."] 

Fat  Stock  Shows.— Under  the  auspices  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture, 
held  annually  in  magnificent  buildings  erected  at  a  cost  of  $150,000,  near 
Transit  House,  Union  Stock  Yards.  Take  South  Halsted  st.  or  State  st. 
cars,  or  C.,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.  The  building  is  rectangular,  52x150  feet  in  size, 
two  and  one-half  stories  high.  It  was  erected  with  a  view  first  to  solidity, 
and  secondly  to  comfort  of  man  and  beast.  There  is  an  amphitheatre  with 
a  seating  capacity  of  3,000  persons,  and  stalls  for  500  animals.  The  walls 
are  of  brick  and  the  roof  is  supported  by  steel  spars.  The  track  for  exhibi- 
tion purposes  is  400  feet  long.  Since  the  structure  is  also  used  for  large 
stock  sales  when  not  in  the  hands  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society,  it  is 
equipped  with  several  suites  of  offices  for  the  transaction  of  business.  The 
whole  structure  is  lighted  by  electricity  and  heated  by  steam. 

Fire  Relic  Museum.— Known  as  the  "Relic  House."  Located  on  north 
Clark  st.,  north  of  main  entrance  to  Lincoln  Park,  A  splendid  collection 
of  relics  of  the  great  fire.  A  delightful  place  to  spend  an  hour  or  so.  Re- 
freshments are  served. 

German  Theatre.— [See  "Schiller Theatre."] 

Grand  Opera  House.— Centrally  located  on  the  east  side  of  Clark  st., 
between  Randolph  and  Washington  sts.,  opposite  the  Court  House,  close  to 
all  the  leading  hotels  and  convenient  to  railroad  depots  and  street  car  termi- 
nals. Harry  L.  Hamlin,  manager.  This  popular  place  of  amusement  is  one 
of  the  leading  first-class  theatres  of  Chicago  and  the  West.  The  shape  of 
the  auditorium  is  so  admirable,  u,nd  the  acoustic  properties  so  perfect,  that 
there  is  actually  not  one  undesirable  seat  in  the  house.  The  appointments 
and  furnishings  are  most  luxurious  and  elegant;  in  this  respect  it  gives  one 
the  impression  of  a  modern  drawing-room,  rather  than  the  ordinary  place  of 
amusement.  The  chairs  are  of  the  latest  pattern,  wide  and  roomy,  cushioned 
in  the  seat,  back  and  arm,  and  covered  entirely  with  handsome  plush.  The 
aisles  are  wide,  and  lead  directly  to  ample  exits;  there  is  unusual  space 
between  the  rows  of  seats,  a  point  of  great  importance  when  the  comfort  of 
an  audience  is  considered.  The  carpets  and  draperies  are  of  the  very  finest 
qualities  procurable,  and  these,  together  with  the  chairs  and  wall  decor- 
ations, are  in  the  softest  and  most  harmonious  colors.  The  drop  curtain  is 
a  work  of  art,  painted  by  the  celebrated  artist,  Walter  Burridge.  The  stage 
is  large,  and  fitted  with  most  approved  appliances.  Both  auditorium  and 
stage  are  lighted  by  incandescent  and  electric  lamps.  Owing  to  its  admir- 
able shape  and  oozy  decorations,  the  Grand  is  apparently  of  moderate  size, 
but  in  reality  it  is  a  large  theatre,  its  seating  capacity  being  exceeded  by 
that  of  only  one  Chicago  theatre.  There  are  eight  handsome  proscenium 
boxes.  The  attractions  presented  at  the  Grand  are  uniformly  first-class  and 
of  a  high  order  of  excellence.  It  is  especially  adapted  to  comedy,  light  opera 
and  drama  of  the  modern  school.  The  care  taken  by  the  management  to 
rigorously  exclude  anything  in  the  slightest  degree  objectionable  has  con- 
tributed largely  to  making  the  Grand  Opera  house  a  favorite  family  resort. 
Visitors  will  find  it  a  pleasant  house  in  summer,  the  ventilation  being  per- 
fect. The  regular  prices  range  from  25  cents  to  $1.50;  boxes,  $8  to  $12;  gen- 
eral admission  50  cents. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION. 


131 


Casino. — Located  on  Wabash  ave.,  near  Adams  st.  This  is  con-  • 
ducted  after  the  manner  of  the  Berlin  Panopticon,  and  is  an  exhibition  of 
wax  works.  Delightful  place  to  spend  an  hour.  There  are  minstrel  per- 
formances every  afternoon  and  evening.  Col.  J.  H.  Haverly,  director;  Maze 
Edwards,  manager.  Admission  to  all  parts  of  the  house,  25  cents;  children, 
15  cents.  Reserved  seats,  25  and  50  cents  extra. 

Ifavlin's  Theatre.— Located,  on  the  west  side  of  Wabash  ave.,  between 
Eighteenth  and  Twentieth  sts.  John  A.  Havlin,  lessee ;  J.  S.  Hutton,  mana- 
ger. This  was  originally  Baker's  theatre.  It  is  a  popular  resort  and 
deservedly  so.  The  theatre  building  is  quite  an  ornament  to  the  section  of 
the  city  in  which  it  is  located,  and  the  theatre  is  conducted  as  a  high-class 
place  of  amusement.  Seating  capacity,  2,000;  stage,  50x65;  proscenium 

opening,  36  ;  to  loft,  67. 
The  building  is  fire-proof 
and  was  constructed  at  a 
cost  of  $300,000. 

Haymarket  Theatre.— 
Located  on  the  north 
side  of  west  Madison  st., 
between  H  a  1  s  t  e  d  and 
Union  sts.,  West  side. 
Take  West  Madison  st. 
cable  line.  Will  J.  Davis, 
Manager.  This  is  one  of 
the  handsomest  and 
largest  houses  in  the  city. 
Its  seating  capacity  is 
2,475;  stage  48x90  feet. 
Its  interior  i  s  modern. 
The  theatre  is  constantly 
presenting  attractions  of 
a  meritorious  and  high 
order.  Admission,  15,  25, 
50, 75  cents,  and  $1 ;  Davis' 
Turkish  chairs,  $1.50; 
boxes,  $5  to  $10. 

Historical  Society 
Rooms.  —  Dearborn  ave. 
corner  Ontario  st.  His- 
torical library,  collect- 
ions of  historical  por- 
traits, Indian  and  fire 
relics,  etc.  Painting  con- 
tributed by  the  artists  of 
London  in  commemora- 
tion of  the  great  fire,  from 
which  the  frontispiece 
of  THE  STANDARD  GUIDE 
for  1893  is  taken.  Free. 

Horse  Show,  The  Chicago.— Held  in  the  great  Tattersalls  building,  Dear- 
born, between  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  sts.  [See  announcements  in  daily 
newspapers.] 

Hooley's  Theatre. — Located  on  the  north  side  of  Randolph  between  La 
Salle  and  Clark  sts.,  opposite  the  Court  House;  close  to  the  leading  hotels, 
and  convenient  to  railroad  depots  and  street  car  terminals.  Richard  M. 
Hooley,  proprietor  and  manager;  Harry  J.  Powers,  business  manager. 
Hooley's,  before  the  great  fire  of  1871,  occupied  the  present  site  of  the  Grand 
Opera  House.  Originally,  it  was  "Bryan's  Hall,"  built  in  1860,  and  opened 
by  the  Hans  Balatka  Orchestra.  In  the  fall  of  1870  the  theatre  passed  into 
the  hands  of  R.  M.  Hooley.  It  was  opened  January  2,  1871,  by  this  vet- 
eran manager,  with  "Hooley's  Minstrels,"  as  the  attraction.  Negro  min- 
strelsy was  then  in  its  glory,  and  Hooley's  was  one  of  the  best  troupes  in 


ROOKERY  BUILDING.— See  Buildings. 


132  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

existence  at  the  time.  Giacometti's  tragedy  was  on  the  bill  as  the  attrac- 
tion for  the  week  beginning-  October  9,  1871,  but  before  the  sun  had  arisen 
on  the  morning  of  that  day  Hooley's  theatre  was  a  blackened  ruin  in  the 
midst  of  a  wilderness  of  ruins.  On  October  17,  1872,  the  present  theatre  was 
opened  by  the  Abbott-Kiralfy  Company  in  the  "Black  Crook."  Once,  for 
only  a  brief  period,  however,  Mr.  Hooley's  name  disappeared  from  connec- 
tion with  this  theatre.  Mr.  Hooley,  upon  regaining  possession,  remodeled 
and  refitted  the  theatre,  and  twice  since  that  time  it  has  undergone  almost 
a  complete  transformation.  It  is  generally  known  as  "Hooley's  Parlor 
Home  of  Comedy,"  and  the  title  conveys  a  proper  idea  of  the  popular  family 
resort.  The  seating  capacity  of  the  theatre  is  1,500;  the  stage  is  42x62;  pro- 
scenium opening  33x34;  height  to  "gridiron,"  62  feet.  The  theatre  is  also 
supplied  with  the  latest  patent  smoke  and  fire  escape  and  ventilator.  The 
auditorium  is  furnished  with  "  Hooley's  Opera  Chair,"  and  lighted  through- 
out by  the  latest  incandescent  electric  system.  Hooley's  Theatre  has  the 
reputation  among  theatrical  managers  as  being  the  most  successful  and 
popular  in  the  United  States. 

John  Brown's  Fort.— Location  1341  Wabash  ave.  The  little  brick  building 
which  John  Brown  defended  as  a  fort  bravely  but  hopelessly  in  1859  against 
the  combined  forces  of  the  government  and  the  State  of  Virginia.  Enclosed 
in  a  frame  building  that  is  of  a  novel  design,  this  almost  sacred  relic  of  days 
just  preceding  the  civil  war,  may  be  seen.  The  fort  was  moved  here  princi- 
pally through  the  instrumentality  of  Ex-Congressman  A.  J.  Holmes,  of  Iowa, 
who  has  served  as  Sergeant-at-arms  of  the  House.  The  building  was  pur- 
chased by  a  syndicate  after  much  difficulty,  as  the  people  of  Harper's  Ferry 
were  unwilling  to  part  with  it.  Before  the  removal,  the  building  was  torn 
down  with  the  utmost  care,  the  various  parts  being  boxed  separately.  Upon 
its  arrival  in  Chicago  it  was  erected  with  equal  care  and  the  supervising 
architect  is  authority  for  the  statement  that  the  slightest  difference  can  not 
be  found  in  the  construction  of  the  building  since  its  removal.  It  is  a  plain, 
substantial  one-story  brick  building  with  a  gable  roof  and  open  belfry.  It 
was  part  of  the  United  States  gun  factory  and  arsenal,  built  at  Harper's 
Ferry  in  1832.  Its  dimensions  are  25  feet  long,  15  feet  wide,  and  the  walls 
are  14  feet  high.  There  are  two  large  square  windows  in  each  end,  and 
semi-circular  transoms  over  each  of  the  wide  doorways,  both  of  which  are  on 
one  side.  Large  double  doors .  of  wood  with  heavy  iron  plate  fronts  once 
swung  open  for  the  men  who  toiled  for  Uncle  Sam  in  the  little  building.  In 
the  war  one  set  of  the  doors  was  taken  away,  but  the  other  set  remains, 
almost  rusted  from  its  hinges.  The  building  is  divided  by  a  solid  brick  wall 
into  two  rooms.  The  smaller  John  Brown  used  as  a  prison  during  all  his 
fighting  in  the  larger  one. 

Kohl  &  Middleton's  Museums. — Located  on  Clark,  near  Madison  st.,  and 
on  State  near  Van  Buren  st.  Dime  Museums  with  cheap  theatrical  attach- 
ments. 

Libby  Prison  National  War  Museum.  — Located  on  Wabash  ave.  between 
Fourteenth  and  Sixteenth  sts.  One  of  the  principal  permanent  attractions 
of  the  city.  Open  daily  from  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.,  including  Sunday.  The 
building,  one  of  the  most  famous  prisons  in  the  Southern  Confederacy  in 
1861  and  1865,  was  transported  from  Richmond,  Va.,  in  1889,  and  stands  to-day 
as  a  lasting  monument  to  the  valor  exhibited  by  both  sections,  "The  North 
and  the  South."  Within  its  enclosure  is  stored  the  most  wonderful  collect  ions 
of  historical  war  relics  associated  with  the  most  expensive,  desperate  strug- 
gle for  the  maintenance  of  National  supremacy  which  history  records.  The 
Confederacy  display  excites  especial  interest,  covering,  as  it  does,  parapher- 
nalia, camp  and  garrison  eqxiipage  of  every  description  used  by  the  Con- 
federate Army,  original  documents  written  by  Jefferson  Davis,  General 
Robert  E.  Lee,  Stonewall  Jackson,  Hill,  Early,  Pemberton,  Price,  and  others 
during  passions  engendered  by  civil  strife.  Portraits  in  oil  of  all  the  lead- 
ing generals  and  statesmen  who  were  prominently  identified  in  the  war  for 
and  against  the  Union.  The  finest  collections  extant  of  ancient  and  modern 
shot  and  shell,  heavy  ordinance,  arms,  portable  forges,  supply  wagons,  and 
horse  equipments,  and  the  original  carriage  owned  and  used  by  President 


134  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Lincoln  during-  his  administration.  The  original  flag  which  floated  from 
the  flag-staff  of  the  Merrimac  in  her  assault  on  the  U.  S.  fleet  in  Hampton 
Roads,  Va.,  March  8th,  and  9th,  1862.  Nothing  could  be  more  astonishing 
than  this  priceless  display.  It  vividly  illustrates  American  heroism,  is  an 
educator,  encourages  patriotism  and  should  be  visited  by  everyone  imbued 
with  patriotic  motives  and  love  of  country.  The  false  deep-seated  prej- 
udice which  existed  when  the  prison  was  first  opened  has  vanished  as  the 
patronage  attracted  amply  attests.  There  is  nothing  in  the  exhibit  which 
has  the  least  tendency  to  create  animosity  or  bitterness,  and  a  visit  will 
prove  to  the  most  sceptical  that  the  collection,  is  not  only  historical,  but 
the  most  wonderful  and  interesting  in  the  country. 

Uncle  Tom's  Cabin.— The  habitation  of  Mrs.  Stowe's  hero,  removed  here 
from  Natchitochas,  La.,  is  one  of  the  attractions  inside  the  Libby  Prison 
enclosure. 

Lyceum  Theatre. — Located  on  Desplaines  St.,  between  Madison  and 
Washington  sts.  T.  L.  Grenier,  proprietor.  A  variety  theatre. 

Madison  Street  Opera  House. — Located  on  the  north  side  of  Madison  st., 
opposite  McVicker's  theatre.  Sam  T.  Jack,  manager.  Seating  capacity, 
1,400;  stage,  22x68;  proscenium  opening,  37;  height  to  gridiron,  13;  to  loft, 
19.  Open  the  year  around ;  two  performances  daily.  Devoted  entirely  to 
burlesque. 

Me  Vicker's  Theatre.—  Madison  St.,  between  State  and  Dearborn  sts.  The 
McVicker  Theatre  Co.,  proprietor;  J.  H.  McVicker,  president  and  manager; 
L.  L.  Sharpe,  assistant  manager  and  secretary ;  H.  G.  Somers,  treasurer. 
McVicker's  theatre  is  considered  the  handsomest  and  most  complete  theatre 
in  the  United  States.  It  was  originally  opened  November  5,  1857,  Mr.  J.  H. 
McVicker  taking  the  part  of  "Cousin  Joe"  in  the  initial  performance.  The 
theatre  was  rebuilt  in  1871,  and  opened  in  August,  only  to  be  burned  to 
the  ground  by  that  memorable  conflagration  of  October  5,  1871.  Nothing 
daunted,  Mr.  McVicker  again  reconstructed  his  theatre,  and  it  was  opened 
for  the  third  time  August  15,  1872.  Mr.  McVicker  always  looking  to  advance 
the  interests  of  his  art,  and  having  the  welfare  and  comfort  of  the  theatre- 
going  public  at  heart,  entirely  remodeled  the  theatre,  putting  in  all  the 
modern  conveniences  and  improvements;  and  on  July  1, 1885,  thefourthnew 
McVicker  theatre  was  thrown  open  to  the  public,  and  they  united  with  the 
press  in  proclaiming  it  the  handsomest  and  safest  theatre  building  in  the 
United  States.  On  the  morning  of  August  26,  1890,  it  was  again  destroyed 
by  fire.  Mr.  McVicker  was  away  from  the  city  at  the  time,  but  immediately 
upon  his  return  preparations  were  commenced  for  rebuilding,  and  on  March 
30, 1891, the  handsomest  theatre  in  the  United  States  was  opened  for  inspection. 
There  are  two  historic  features  in  the  theatre  which  alone  are  worth  the 
price  of  admission.  They  are  bas-reliefs,  one  representing  the  "Massacre 
of  Fort  Dearborn;"  the  other,  "La  Salle's  Discovery  of  Illinois."  These 
were  furnished  by  Johannes  Gelert.  the  sculptor,  and  are  considered  among 
his  best  works.  McVicker's  theatre  is  now  in  its  thirty-sixth  year,  and  is 
probably  the  widest  known  play  house  in  America.  It  always  has  the  best 
class  of  entertainments,  and  one  will  siirely  find  amusement  here. 

Minstrels. — Negro  minstrel  performances  are  given  every  afternoon  at  2 
and  every  evening  at  8,  at  Haverly's  Casino,  Wabash  ave.,  near  Adams  st. 
[See  "  Haverly's  Casino."] 

Natural  History  Museum.— Projected.  Location,  Garfield  Park,  West  side 

New  Windsor  Theatre.— Located,  at  North  Clark  and  Division  sts.  Take 
North  Clark  st.  cable  line.  M.  B.  Leavitt,  proprietor ;  Ben  Leavitt,  manager. 
Seating  capacity,  2,000.  Stage,  49x70  feet;  proscenium  opening,  43  feet; 
height  to  gridiron,  22  feet;  loft,  65  feet.  This  is  a  beautiful  little  theatre, 
it  conducted  in  a  first-class  manner  and  is  very  popular  with  North  side 
residents. 

Olympic  Theatre. — Located  on  Clark  st.,  north  of  Randolph,  opposite 
Sherman  house.  Originally  "  New  Chicago  theatre."  Variety  or  vaudeville 
performances.  Prices  cheap. 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  135 

Park  Concerts. — During  the  summer  months  open  air  concerts  are  given 
on  certain  evenings  of  the  week  in  all  of  the  great  parks  of  the  city.  The 
finest  bands  and  orchestras  are  employed  for  these  occasions.  Free.  [See 
announcements  in  daily  newspapers.] 

Park  Theatre.—  Located  on  State,  between  Congress  and  Harrison  sts. 
J.  D.  Long,  proprietor  and  manager.  This  is  a  strictly  variety  theatre. 
Seating  capacity,  1,500;  stage,  35x40. 

People's  Theatre. — Located  on  the  east  side  of  State  St.,  between  Congress 
and  Harrison  sts.  Jo.  Baylies,  lessee  and  manager.  Conducted  as  a  combi- 
nation theatre. 

Permanent  Circus. — During  the  World's  Fair  and  afterward  it  is  proba- 
ble that  a  permanent  circus  will  be  conducted  in  the  city.  The  location 
cannot  be  given  at  this  time. 

Race  Tracks, — There  are  three  race  tracks  in  or  near  the  city,  two  of 
which  have  continuous  meetings  throughout  the  year,  rain,  hail  or  snow. 
The  most  prominent  as  well  as  the  most  respectable,  is  the  Washington  Park 
course.  Location,  south  of  Washington  Park,  near  Midway  Plaisance.  Take 
Illinois  Central  railroad,  South  Side  Elevated  railroad,  or  Cottage  Grove 
ave.  cable  line.  There  is  a  beautiful  drive  to  this  track  via  Drexel  or  Grand 
boulevards,  through  Washington  Park.  The  Chicago  Racing  association  has 
its  meetings  at  Hawthorne,  just  outside  the  city  limits.  Races  every  day  in 
the  year ;  five  or  more  races  daily.  Books  made  on  foreign  races.  This  is 
purely  a  gambling  enterprise  but  the  sport  is  good.  Special  race  trains  via 
Illinois  Central  and  C.,B.  &  Q.  railroads  to  grand  stand  in  twenty-five  min- 
utes. Illinois  Central  trains  leave  depot,  foot  of  Randolph  st-,  at  8:30  A.  M., 
12M.,  1:10 P.M.,  1:20  p.  M.  and  2  P.  M.,.  stopping  at  Van  Buren  st.,- Wabash 
ave. , Twenty-third  st. ,Halsted  st. ,  and  Ashland  ave.  Returning  trains  leave  the 
race  track  at  4:40  P.  M.  and  immediately  after  the  races.  C.,  B.  &  Q.  trains 
leave  Union  depot  at  12:15  and  1:05  P.M.  Regular  train  leaving  depot  at  2:20 
will  transfer  passengers  for  the  track  at  Hawthorne  station.  Returning 
trains  will  leave  race  track  at  12:50  p.  M.,  4:50  p.  M.,  stopping  at  Blue  Island 
ave.,  and  immediately  after  the  races.  Return  tirkets  (both  roads),  25  cents. 
The  Indiana  Racing  association  holds  its  meetings  at  Roby,  or  One  Hundred 
and  Eighth  st.  and  Indiana  blvd.,  outside  city  limits.  Here  there  is  racing 
every  day  in  the  year  also,  and  pool  selling  is  freely  indulged  in.  Take 
Pittsburg  &  Fort  Wayne  trains  at  11 :45  A.  M.,  or  12:30  and  1 :00  P.  M.  Admis- 
sion to  the  grand  stand,  50  cents. 

Schiller  Theatre.— Location,  Randolph  st.  between  Clark  and  Dearborn. 
The  highest  and  finest  theatre  building  in  the  vrorld.  Anson  S.  Temple, 
lessee  and  manager.  The  entrance  from  the  street  is  through  a  marble 
paved  lobby,  wide,  convenient,  and  comfortable.  At  the  right,  in  a  marble 
nook,  is  the  box  office.  Entering  through  the  main  door  way  is  the  main 
lobby,  off  of  which  are  three  coat,  cloak  and  the  toilet-rooms.  On  either 
side  marble  stairways  lead  to  the  main  floor  of  the  auditorium.  The  aisles 
are  easy,  and  reached  from  the  foyer  and  from  corridors,  leading  from  the 
foyer  to  the  boxes,  on  either  side  of  the  auditorium.  There  are  six  lower 
(no  upper)  boxes,  three  on  each  side,  large  and  commodious,  and  arranged 
for  throwing  two  or  three  into  one,  for  the  convenience  of  theatre  parties. 
There  are  1,270  seats  in  the  house,  all  so  placed  that  every  seat  commands  a 
clear  and  unobstructed  view  of  the  stage.  A  remarkable  feature  is  the 
absence  of  pillars  from  the  interior,  while  the  sight  lines  and  acoustic  prop- 
erties are  not  excelled  in  the  world.  The  proscenium  opening  is  semi-circu- 
lar, and  from  this  extends  outward  a  series  of  semi-circular  arches  that 
gradually  enlarge  and  widen  until  they  reach  the  side  walls.  Beneath  these 
arches  on  either  side  rising  from  the  parqxiette  floor,  are  the  boxes.  Above 
the  boxes  are  sculptures,  decorations,  original  in  conception,  tasteful  and 
exquisite  in  workmanship  and  execution.  The  boxes  and  bas  reliefs  are 
enclosed  by  a  heavy  gold  border,  and  the  effect  is  of  framed  pictures.  The 
lighting  is  so  arranged  that  it  is  both  brilliant  and  soft,  and  the  lamps  so 
placed  that  all  glare  of  lights  in  the  eyes  of  the  audience  is  avoided.  There 
are  two  curtains,  the  outer  one  being  of  woven  asbestos,  and  decorated  with 


THE  GROTTO. 


EXTERIOR  VIEW. 
[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

ir-ktMC     CTTDT-CTJ  -0    A  VTI7  A  VT     C/-  U  XT  I?  13  V    TU  T?  A  TO  IT 


GENERAL,  INFORMATION. 


137 


* 


admirable  taste  in  the  prevailing  tints  of  the  decorations  of  the  house. 
The  drop  curtain  is  very  effective,  while  the  colors  harmonize  with  the  inter- 
ior  decorations.  "  Genius  Crowning  Intellect,"  is  the  theme  of  the  picture 
contained  in  a  medallion  occupying  the  center  of  the  curtain.  The  stage, 
40x80  feet  in  size,  is  complete  and  perfect  in  every  detail  of  its  appointment. 
The  dressing-rooms  are  convenient  and  commodious.  The  scenery  is  from 
the  brushes  of  the  best  artists. 

Standard  Theatre.— Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  Halsted  and  Jackson  sts.  Jacob 
Litt,  Lessee  and  manager.  Seating  capaciy  2,000  Admission  from  10  cts. 
to  $1.00.  First-class  melodrama,  opera,  burlesque  and  variety. 

Subterranean  Theatre.— Location,  the  east  side  of  Vabash  ave.  just 
south  of  16th  st.,  occupies  space  on  the  surface  of  100  feet  front  by  175  feet 
deep ;  owned  by  the  Hardy  Subterranean  Scenery  Company ;  incorporated ; 
capital  $300,000.  The  projector,  Hippolyte 
Hardy  of  Paris,  France,  based  his  hopes  for 
the  success  of  this  enterprise  on  the  theory 
that  "If  the  people  are  so  eager  for  an 
opportunity  to  go  1,000  feet  up  in  the  air 
by  means  of  a  tower,  to  be  lost  half  of  the 
time  in  fog  and  clouds  and  see  absolutely 
nothing,  why  not  give  them  a  chance  to 
descend  into  the  bowels  of  the  earth, 
where  they  can  enjoy  the  sights  at  all  times 
and  in  any  weather?"  He  figured  that  it 
was  .impossible  to  take  sight-seers  1,000 
feet  below  the  earth's  surface  without  the 
means  of  a  mechanical  device,  producing 
a  physical  impression  on  the  body,  while 
cleverly  devised  movable  scenery  makes  the 
impression  lasting  through  optical  illu- 
sion. After  two  years  of  hard  work,  he  had 
his  plans  perfected  and  covered  by  Letters 
Patent,  and  then  like  all  men  with  original 
ideas  and  important  plans,  he  came  to 
Chicago  with  both  and  organized  a  stock 
company  to  carry  out  his  undertaking. 
The  officers  of  the  company  are:  A.  W. 
Cobb,  President;  Hippolyte  Hardy,  Vice- 
president  and  Manager;  J.  D.  Lynch,  Sec- 
retary and  Treasurer;  C.  E.  Clark,  A. 
MacKay,  O.  Lockett  and  T.  Whitfield, 
Directors. 

THE    HABDY    SUBTERRANEAN    SCENERY 
LEES  BUILDING.— See  Buildings.  COMPANY  give  to  the  sight-seers  an  oppor- 
tunity to   see   the  marvels  hidden  under 

ground  by  descending  in  elevator  cars  to  depths  never  before 
reached.  Stopping  at  different  places  (to  what  will  appear  as  the 
real  openings  of  tunnels,  drifts  or  cuts  on  the  sides  of  the  main 
shaft)  and  showing  at  each  stop  divers  scenes,  such  as:— The  won- 
derful sewers  of  Paris,  The  Lowest  Tunnels  of  Quartz  Mines,  with  real 
miners  at  work- An  explosion  of  coal  gas  in  a  coal  mine— Caverns  inhabited  by 
prehistoric  men— A  scene  in  the  catacombs  of  Rome,  during  the  persecution 
of  Christians — The  mysterious  depths  of  our  Inland  Sea,  with  real  divers  at 
work  on  a  sunken  wreck.  Though  the  elevator  car  (a  minature  theatrical 
hall  itself,  accommodating  comfortably  100  people)  only  moves  up  and  down 
in  a  shaft  about  15  to  20  feet  deep,  the  illusion  is  made  perfect  by  a  combi- 
nation of  mechanical  devices  thoroughly  protected  by  Letters  Patent  in  the 
United  States,  and  the  effect  produced  is  a  real  descent  about  1,000  to  1,200 
feet  under  the  surface  of  the  earth.  The  elevator  car  moves  into  the  center 
of  a  circular  platform  carrying  different  stages  arranged  with  appropriate 
scenery  and  living  actors.  The  platform  turns  on  rails  and  is  made  to 
revolve  and  bring  successively  each  scene  in  sight  of  the  elevator  car  at  the 


138  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

different  stops  made  by  the  car  in  its  descent.  The  rlucicar  platform  sup- 
porting the  stages  and  their  actors,  are  eight  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
street,  and  occupy  a  space  of  about  70  feet  square.  It  is  enclosed  in  a  build- 
ing 100x175  feet,  composed  of  a  main  floor  8  feet  above  ground  and  a  basement 
excavated  7  feet  below  the  street  level.  A  trip  underground  is  made  every 
fifteen  minutes  from  10  in  the  morning  until  11  at  night.  Actors  play  on  each 
scene  at  the  different  depths  during  the  following  hours :  from  10  to  1,  2  to  6, 
and  8  to  11.  The  entrance  fee  during  the  performance  is  50  cents,  children  25 
cents.  During  other  hours  the  entrance  fee  is  25  cents,  children  10  cents. 

HABDY'S  THEATRE. — The  access  to  the  subterranean  scenery  descend- 
ing platform  is  had  by  means  of  a  set  of  self-climbing  stairs,  a  device  of  the 
most  novel  and  amusing  sort,-  which  elevate  visitors  to  the  level  of  the  main 
floor  hall.  They  pass  then  through  an  aisle  of  the  most  original  and  attrac- 
tive hall  ever  built.  It  is  a  "chamber  of  stalactites,"  arranged  so  as  to  be 
used  as  a  theatre.  The  stage  is  hidden  behind  a  mammoth  cascade.  The 
opening  of  the  proscenium  is  obtained  by  suddenly  shutting  off  the  water 
and  causing  the  fall  of  part  of  the  rocks  of  the  cascade.  On  this  stage  variety 
performances  of  the  highest  order,  in  the  style  of  the  best  "Cafe  Chantant," 
of  Paris,  are  given  every  afternoon  and  evening,  including  Sundays.  This 
place  is  the  rendezvous  of  well-to-do  people,  who  spend  there  a  pleasant 
evening,  smoke  good  cigars  and  have  the  best  of  refreshments  or  lunches, 
while  enjoying  delightful  music,  dances,  songs,  and  the  most  wonderful 
acrobatic  feats.  This  is  truly  the  most  novel  and  picturesque  auditorium 
that  has  ever  been  built,  and  the  management  has  spared  no  pains  to  secure 
the  most  artistic  and  original  attractions  that  money  can  obtain.  Visitors 
to  the  subterranean  scenery  are  able,  when  they  have  accomplished  the 
trip  underground,  to  spend  the  balance  of  the  matinee  or  evening  in  the 
Hardy  theatre  in  the  most  enjoyable  manner.  The  admission  to  the  Hardy 
theatre  is  50  cents;  reserved  seats,  75  cents  and  $1.00.  Hippolyte  Hardy 
is  the  general  manager  of  both  places.  The  plans  of  the  building  were 
drawn  by  architect  Henry  Ives  Cobb.  Its  cost  passes  $80,000.  The  machin- 
ery, with  its  foundation  and  structural  iron,  has  cost  $75,000.  The  elevator 
and  the  hydraulic  machinery  were  built  by  the  Crane  Elevator  Co.,  upon  the 
plans  of  P.  W.  Hermans,  chief  engineer.  The  scenery,  designed  and  exe- 
cuted after  Mr.  Hardy's  plans,  is  due  to  the  brush  of  B.  J.  Austen,  the  famous 
London  scenic  artist,  author  of  so  many  beautiful  panoramas  well  known 
in  this  country.  The  cost  of  decoration  and  scenery  painting  amounts  to 
$25,000.  Chicago  is  the  only  city  in  the  world  that  can  boast  to-day  of  the 
most  novel  combination  of  two  such  picturesque  and  wonderful  theatres, 
built  together,  one  underground  and  the  other  on  top,  so  that,  as  in  most 
other  things,  it  can  hold  the  claim  for  originality  and  enterprise. 

Suburban  Theatres. — A  number  of  the  surrounding  suburbs,  towns  and 
cities,  where  Chicago  visitors  are  likely  to  spend  their  nights  and  a  portion 
of  their  time  during  the  day,  are  well  provided  with  opera  houses,  music- 
halls,  etc.  Entertainments  are  of  nightly  occurrence  at  such  places  as 
Aurora,  Evanston,  Joliet,  D wight,  Kenosha,  Waukegan,  etc.,  as  well  as  in 
the  smaller  suburbs,  like  Englewood,  Hyde  Park,  Ravenswood,  Morgan  Park, 
Chicago  Lawn,  Austin,  Chicago  Heights,  etc. 

Timmerman  Opera  House. — Located  at  the  corner  of  Sixty-third  st.  and 
Stewart  ave.  Take  train  at  Van  Buren  st.  depot,  Van  Buren  and  Sherman 
sts.,  or  State  st.  cable  line  to  Englewood.  The  building  in  which  the  theatre 
is  located  is  the  most  imposing  one  in  Englewood.  It  is  named  after  its 
projector,  Ben  Timmerman,  and  its  cost  was  $100,000.  The  auditorium  is  on 
the  ground  floor,  and  in  beauty  and  richness  of  furnishings,  and  decora- 
tions, is  equal  to  any  theatre  in  the  city.  Silk,  velvet  and  plush  draperies, 
in  harmonious  shades,  add  to  the  elegance  of  the  luxurious  interior.  The 
aisles  are  wide  and  the  seat  rows  are  arranged  with  sufficient  width  between 
to  insure  the  comfort  of  auditors.  Twelve  hundred  persons  may  find  seats 
— the  first  floor  and  balcony  being  provided  with  opera  chairs — and  several 
hundred  others  may  see  the  stage  from  "standing  room,"  should  they  so 
elect.  The  house  is  lighted  by  incandescent  electric  lights,  and  is  heated  by 


140  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

steam,  a  late  device  in  ventilation  being  employed.  First-class  attractions 
are  presented  here  from  time  to  time. 

Uncle  Torres  Cabin.— Said  to  have  been  the  habitation  of  Mrs.  Stowe's 
hero,  may  be  seen  at  the  Libby  Prison  National  Museum. 

Waverly  Theatre.— Located  on  West  Madison  st.,  between  Throop  and 
Loomis  sts.,  West  side.  Take  W.  Madison  st.  cable.  Seating  capacity 
1,400;  stage  40x60.  A  comedy  and  vaudeville  theatre. 

Wax  Works. — A  splendid  exhibition  of  wax  works  is  open  daily  at 
Haverly's  Casino,  Wabash  ave.  near  Adams  st.  [See  "Haverly's  Casino."] 
Wax  works  are  also  exhibited  at  Epstean's  new  Dime  Museum,  Randolph 
near  Clark  st. 

Zoological  Gardens.— A.  delightful  place  of  amusement  for  adults  and 
children  during  the  spring,  summer  and  autumn  months.  Location,  Lincoln 
Park.  Take  North  Clark  st.  or  Wells  st.  cable  cars.  The  collection  of  ani- 
mals, birds,  etc.,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  Admission  free.  [See 
"Lincoln  Park."] 

Other  Places  of  Amusement.— In  addition  to  the  places  mentioned  there 
are  various  other  places  and  forms  of  amusement.  Summer  night  concerts 
are  given  by  the  Theodore  Thomas  and  other  orchestras.  Pain's  Pyrotechnic 
Spectacles  are  presented  during  the  summer  months.  There  are  numerous 
beer  gardens  and  concert  halls.  North  Side  Turner  hall  is  a  favorite  Sunday 
afternoon  resort  for  German  Americans  and  others.  Balloon  ascensions, 
Circus  performances,  Mammoth  concerts  at  the  Exposition,  and  the  Expo- 
sition itself,  with  its  thousands  of  novel  attractions  swell  the  bill  of  fare. 

ARTS  AND  SCIENCES. 

The  new  Art  Institute  of  Chicago  is  located  on  Michigan  ave.,  the  main 
entrance  facing  Adams  st.  This  beautiful  structure  is  described  under  the 
heading  "  Buildings."  The  old  Art  Institute,  located  at  the  S.  W.  Cor. 
Michigan  ave.  and  Van  Buren  st.,  has  become  the  propety  of  the  Chicago 
Club,  but  the  picture  and  sculpture  galleries  will  probably  remain  there 
until  the  close  of  the  Columbian  Exposition. 

Art  Institute  of  Chicago,  Art  Museum. — Located  on  Michigan  ave.  oppo- 
site Adams  st.  Until  the  new  building  is  ready  for  occupation,  however, 
the  museum  will  be  in  temporary  quarters  at  202  Michigan  ave.,  and  the 
art  school  at  302  Wabash  ave.  Incorporated  May  24,  1879.  Officers :  Charles 
L.  Hutchinson,  president;  James  H.  Dole,  vice-president;  Lyman  J.  Gage, 
treasurer;  N.  H.  Carpenter,  secretary;  W.  M.  R.  French,  director.  Execu- 
tive Committee:  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  A.  A.  Sprague,  James  H.  Dole, 
Charles  D.  Hamill,  John  C.  Black,  M.  A.  Ryerson,  T.  W.  Harvey.  Trustees: 
Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  Samuel  L.  Nickerson,  David  W.  Irwin,  Mar- 
tin A.  Ryerson,  William  T.  Baker,  Eliphalet  W.  Blatchford,  Nathaniel  K. 
Fairbank,  James  H.  Dole,  Albert  A.  Sprague,  John  C.  Black,  Adolphus  C. 
Bartlett,  J.  J.  Glessner,  Charles  D.  Hamill,  Edson  Keith,  Allison  V.  Armour, 
Homer  N.  Hibbard,  Marshall  Field,  George  N.  Culver,  P.  C.  Hanford  and 
T.  W.  Harvey. 

ABT  BUILDING  (OLD).— The  old  Art  Institute  building  (see  illustration) 
has  been  pronounced  by  critics  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  modern 
architecture  in  Chicago.  It  is  built  of  stone;  has  a  beautiful  facade,  is 
splendidly  located,  lighted  perfectly,  and  is  one  of  the  attractive  edifices  of 
the  lake  front.  The  Art  Institute  owes  its  origin  and  prosperity  to  the  dis- 
interested and  energetic  services  of  a  few  Chicago  gentlemen,  who  have 
expended  upon  it  not  only  a  great  deal  of  their  private  means,  but  much  of 
their  time  during  the  past  ten  years. 

ART  COLLECTION.— There  are  now  in  the  Art  Institute  thirteen  pictures 
from  the  collection  of  Prince  Demidoff,  together  with  one  by  Holbein  from 
the  May  collection  in  Paris,  which  constitute  a  group  of  old  Dutch  masters 
of  such  value  and  interest  as  perhaps  has  never  before  crossed  the  ocean, 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  141 

They  are  a  part  of  the  permanent  collection  of  the  Art  Institute,  the  pur- 
chasers relying  on  the  generosity  of  the  friends  of  the  Art  Institute  to  pay 
for  them  and  present  them  to  the  museum.  Some  have  already  been  so  pre- 
sented. Several  of  these  pictures,  such  as  the  examples  of  Hobbema  and 
Van  Ostade  are  among  the  most  important  known  works  of  the  masters  and 
all  are  important  pictures  in  perfect  preservation.  The  masters  represented 
are  Hobbema,  Van  Ostade,  Rembrandt,  Franz  Hals,  Ruysdael,  Van  Mieris, 
Holbein,  Teniers,  Van  Dyck,  Rubens,  Jan  Steen,  Adr.  Van  de  Velde,  Terburg 
and  Zeeman.  The  presence  of  this  group  of  pictures  is  sufficient  to  give  our 
collection  good  standing  among  American  museums  and  their  acquisition 
is  a  most  important  step.  The  private  collection  of  pictures  belonging  to 
Mr.  Albert  A.  Munger  is  deposited  in  the  Art  Institute  galleries  and  consti- 
tutes a  very  valuable  feature.  It  consists  of  modern  pictures  and  includes 
examples  of  Gerome,  Munkacsy,  Makart,  Fromentin,  Michetti,  de  Neuville, 
and  many  other  recognized  masters. 

POPULARITY  or  THE  INSTITUTE.— As  an  evidence  of  the  popularity  of  the 
Art  Institute  among  the  people,  the  following  facts  are  given :  During  the 
year  1891-92  the  aggregate  attendance  of  visitors  to  the  museum  was  138,511, 
and  the  admission  fees  and  catalogue  sales  amounted  to  $4,270.95 ;  number 
of  visitors  paid  admission  fees,  13,633;  number  on  free  days,  105,382;  number 
of  visitors,  students,  artists,  etc.,  admitted  free  on  other  days  (estimated), 
6,000;  total  admission,  138,511;  average  number  of  visitors  on  Saturdays 
(free  all  day),  1,039;  average  number  of  visitors  on  Sundays,  open  1  to  5 
(free),  965;  current  expenses,  $43,850.60;  cash  donations,  $25,685.03.  The  bal- 
ance sheets  of  the  institute  show  the  receipts  and  expenditures  to  have 
been  about  $90,000. 

COLLECTIONS  OWNED  AND  LOANED.— The  value  of  the  collections  now  in 
the  keeping  of  the  institute,  partly  the  property  of  the  Art  Institute,  but 
chiefly  loans,  considerably  exceeds  $500,000.  Large  additions  are  being 
made  annually  to  the  collections  in  the  galleries  and  museum.  The  princi- 
pal accessions  to  the  collections  during  the  last  year  have  been :  A  collec- 
tion of  ancient  glass  and  other  antique  objects,  presented  by  John  H. 
Dwight,  George  Schneider  and  other  gentlemen.  Marble  statue,  "Sleeping 
Infant  Faun,"  by  Edward  C.  Potter,  presented  by  Charles  H.  Wacker.  Oil 
painting,  "The  Family  Concert,"  by  Jan  Steen,  presented  by  T.  B.  Black- 
stone.  Statue  in  metal,  Henry  IV  when  a  child,  presented  by  Martin  L.  Ryer- 
son  and  C.  L.  Hutchinson.  Bronze  statue,  "Teucer,"  by  Hamo  Thornycroft, 
presented  by  George  A.  Armour.  Collection  of  painted  fans  and  Persian 
embroideries,  presented  by  the  Chicago  Society  of  Decorative  Art.  Collec- 
tion of  Egyptian  antiquities,  presented  by  H.  H.  Getty  and  C.  L.  Hutchinson. 

COLLECTION  OF  CASTS.— A  proposition  has  been  made  to  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition  by  the  French  government  to  send  to  the  Fair,  as  a 
part  of  the  national  exhibit,  an  extensive  collection  of  architectural  casts, 
reproductions  from  the  collection  in  the  Trocadero,  in  Paris,  these  casts  to 
remain  permanently  in  Chicago,  provided  the  Columbian  Exposition  will 
pay  a  part  of  the  expense.  This  proposition  has  been  accepted  and  an  arrange- 
ment has  been  made  by  which  the  whole  collection  will  become  the  property 
of  the  Art  Institute  at  the  close  of  the  Fair,  upon  paying  a  certain  propor- 
tion of  the  share  of  the  Columbian  Exposition.  This  amount  has  been 
appropriated  by  the  trustees.  The  collection  of  casts  thus  secured  is  unsur- 
passed of  its  kind,  either  in  quality  or  extent,  and  its  presence  in  Chicago 
almost  insures  the  permanence  and  success  of  the  school  of  architecture 
which  we  have  already  ventured  to  found.  Measures  to  secure  other 
important  collections  in  a  similar  way  are  in  progress,  and  it  cannot  be 
doubted  that  our  museum  will  be  greatly  enriched  through  the  Fair.  (Visit- 
ors to  the  Art  Institute  will  be  provided  with  catalogues  of  the  entire  col- 
lection.) 

PRIVATE  ART  COLLECTIONS.— The  private  art  collections  of  Chicago  are 
very  numerous  and  very  extensive.  This  is  strikingly  evident  at  each  re- 
curring exhibit  of  loaned  pictures  at  the  Art  Institute  or  elsewhere.  The 
annual  exhibits  at  the  Inter-State  Exposition,  now  a  thing  of  the  past,  by 


142 


GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 


reason  of  the  changes  necessary  pending  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition, 
have  grown  from  year  to  year,  until  they  rank  among  the  best  in  the  coun- 
try. In  the  Art  Institute  building  on  the  Lake  Front,  these  annual  exhibi- 
tions will  be  continued.  This  building  was  ei*ected  in  connection  with  the 
Columbian  Exposition,  but  is  constructed  in  such  a  manner  as  to  be 
acceptable  to  the  city  as  a  pernament  building  after  the  exposition  closes. 
The  art  galleries  of  the  Illinois  Club,  the  Chicago  Club,  the  Marquette  Club, 
the  Calumet  Club,  and  especially  of  the  Union  League  Club,  are  becoming 
very  valuable.  The  Vincennes  Gallery  of  Fine  Arts,  3841  Vincennes  ave., 
(take  Illinois  Central  train  to  Oakland  station,  Thirty-ninth  st.)  is  open  at 

all  times,  free  to  visitors. 
There  are  many  beautiful 
collections  in  the  private 
mansions  of  the  South  side. 
The  largest  and  best  private 
collections  in  the  city,  at 
present,  are  those  of  Albert 
A.  Hunger,  James  W.  Ells- 
worth, Mrs.  Henry  Field,  S. 
M.  Nickerson,  P.  C.  Hanford, 
C.  L.  Hutchinson  and  Charles 
T.  Yerkes.  The  more  im- 
portant of  his  pictures  were 
pui-chased  by  Mr.  Yerkes  in 
1890,  during  a  visit  to  Europe, 
when  he  devoted  himself  to 
the  study  and  selection  of 
pictures.  The  pictures  are 
first-class  examples  of  the 
masters  of  the  Dutch  school, 
Rembrandt,  Van  Dyck, 

Ostade?'  Gerard  Dcfw* '  R  Jy  s" 
dael,  and  Wonwerman  being 
represented.  From  the  last 
century  there  is  a  head  by 
Grenze,  and  from  the  later 
schools  there  are  important 
pictures  by  Millet,  Diaz, 
Daubigny,  Detaille,  Ziem, 
Vibert,  Albert  Stevens, 
Willems,  Charlemonte,  and 
others. 

ART  INSTITUTE  OF  CHICA- 
GO ART  SCHOOL.— Located 
temporarily  in  the  Giles 
Building,  302  Wabash  ave. 
Incorporated  May  24,  1879. 
Officers:  Charles  L.  Hutchin- 
son, president;  James  H. 
Dole,  vice-president;  Lyman 
J.  Gage,  treasurer;  N.  H. 
Carpenter,  secretary;  W. 
M.  R.  French,  director. 

Teachers:  W.  M.  R.  French,  director;  John  H.  Vanderpoel  and  Frederick  W. 
Freer  and  Miss  A.  D.  Kellogg,  drawing  and  painting,  life  and  antique ;  Miss 
Caroline  D.  Wade,  still  life  classes;  Miss  Lydia  P.  Hess,  antique  and  Satur- 
day classes;  Miss  Pauline  A.  Dohn,  antique;  N.  H.  Carpenter,  perspective; 
LoradoTaft,  modeling;  Louis  J.  Millet,  ai-chitecture  and  designing;  Walter 
F.  Shattuck,  architecture  and  mathematics;  Miss  Grace  Dutton  Long, 
assistant  in  designing;  Charles  E.  Boutwood,  Louis  O.  Jurgensen  and 
Edward  W.  Hoehn,  evening  classes.  ARRANGEMENT  OF  CLASSES.— Arrange- 
ment of  classes  is  as  follows:  Head  and  costumed  life  class;  drawing  and 


HOME  INSURANCE  BUILDING. 


Buildings. 


144  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

painting  from  the  costumed  model,  daily,  9  to  12  a.  m.,  1  to  4  p.  m.  Nude  Life 
Class:  Drawing  and  painting  from  the  nude  daily.  Women,  8:30  to  12  a.  m., 
men,  1  to  4  p.  m.  Painting  from  Still  Life:  Oil  and  water  color,  daily,  9  to 
12  a.  m.,  1  to  4  p.  m.  Classes  in  the  Antique:  Drawing  from  the  cast,  ele- 
mentary and  advanced,  daily,  9  to  12  a.  m.,  1  to  4  p.  m.  Modeling:  Monday, 
Wednesday  and  Friday,  1  to  4  p.  m.  Room  open  for  practice  daily,  9  to  12  a. 
m.,  and  1  to  4  p.  m.  Perspective:  The  last  six  weeks  of  the  Fall  and  Winter 
terms,  Wednesday  and  Friday,  3  to  4  p.  m.  Saturday  Sketching  Class: 
Saturday,  9  to  12  a.  m.  This  class  is  free  to  all  students.  Artistic 
Anatomy:  Fall  and  Spring  terms,  12:30  to  1 :30  p.  m.  Monday  and  Wednesday. 
Ornamental  Designing:  Daily.  9  to  12  a.  m.,  1  to  4  p.  m.  Saturday  Class.— 
Intended  for  children  and  teachers ;  Miss  Lydia  P.  Hess,  teacher,  assisted 
by  Miss  Matilde  Vanderpoel,  Miss  Jeanette  Buckley,  Miss  Bertha  S.  Menzler, 
Miss  Jean  Miner,  Miss  Kate  Burton,  Miss  Margaret  Davies,  Miss  Augusta 
Mott,  Miss  Ada  Walter,  Miss  Louisa  Russell.  Evening  Life  and  Antique 
Classes:  Monday,  Wednesday  and  Friday  evenings,  7  to  9:30;  Charles  E 
Bout  wood,  Louis  O.  Jurgensen  and  Edward  W.  Hoehn  teachers.  Class  Lec- 
tures on  the  Construction  and  Relation  of  the  Human  Features:  The  last 
eight  weeks  of  the  fall  and  winter  terms,  12:30  to  1  p.  m.,  Tuesday  and 
Thursday ;  J.  H.  Vanderpoel,  lecturer.  Architectural  Class:  Daily,  9  to  12  a. 
m.,  1  to  4  p.  m.  For  particulars  of  this  class  see  special  circular.  Class 
Lectures  on  Antique  Sculpture:  During  winter  term,  4  to  5  p.  m.,  Lorado 
Taft,  lecturer.  Composition:  Inspection  of  compositions,  Friday  noon,  J. 
H.  Vanderpoel.  Drawing  from  Objects  in  Pen-and-ink  and  Pencil:  Daily  3 
to  4  p.  m.  Afternoon  Sketch  Classes:  From  life  in  any  medium,  daily,  4  to  5 
p.  m.,  wholly  managed  by  students,  and  open  to  the  whole  school.  The 
school  room  opens  from  8:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Regular  school  hours,  9  to  4  p. 
m.  Fall  term,  September  26  to  December  17.  Winter  term,  December  26  to 
March  18;  Spring  term,  March  20  to  June  10.  Pupils  may  enter  the  elemen- 
tary class  at  any  time  without  examination.  Tuition  fees  admitting  students 
to  all  classes  for  which  they  are  qualified,  are :  Every  day  each  week  for  one 
term,  $25;  three  days  each  week,  for  one  term,  $20;  two  days  each  week,  for 
one  term,  $15 ;  evening  life  class,  $P  a  term ;  evening  antique  class,  $6  a  term ; 
Saturday  class,  10  to  12  a.  m.,  $5  a  term.  In  the  architectural  class,  students 
are  received  only  for  the  full  time,  $25  for  a  term  of  12  weeks.  Pupils  are 
required  to  furnish  their  own  material,  except  easefs  and  drawing  boards, 
which  are  furnished  free.  The  cost  of  drawing  material  is  about  $4,  and  the 
cost  of  material  for  painting  about  $10  a  term.  Board  for  non-resident  stud- 
ents may  be  obtained  at  from  $4  to  $5  per  week. 

OBJECT  OF  ART  INSTITUTE. — The  object  of  the  Art  Institute  is  to  maintain  a 
school  and  museum  of  art.  The  art  school  re-opens  its  classes  Sept.  26,  1892, 
for  its  fourteenth  year.  Th«  museum  contains  a  large  and  carefully  selected 
collection  of  casts  of  sculpture,  pictures,  drawings,  marbles  and  other 
objects  of  art,  to  which  students  have  free  access.  Advanced  pupils  are 
permitted  to  study  in  the  galleries  of  the  museum.  Students  also  enjoy  the 
use  of  a  library  of  works  upon  fine  art,  and  of  the  principal  art  journals. 
The  school  rooms  are  among  the  best  arranged  and  best  lighted  in  the 
country.  Every  student  is  expected  to  hand  in  examples  of  the  month's 
work  at  the  end  of  every  four  weeks,  to  be  inspected  by  the  board  of  teachers 
and  returned  with  written  comment  and  advice.  There  are  exhibitions  of 
students'  work  every  year. 

CHICAGO  SOCIETY  OF  ARTISTS.— Rooms  located  on  the  seventh  floor  of  the 
new  Athenaeum  building,  16  to  26  Van  Buren  st.  There  are  fourteen  studios 
fitted  up  for  the  purpose  of  the  society.  Officers:  Pres.,  Chas.  E.  Boutwood; 
vice-pres.,  Edger  Cameron;  sec'y,  A.  F.  Brooks;  financial  sec'y.  and  treas., 
Wm.  W.  Vernon.  Directors :  Edger  Cameron,  Wm.  Schmedtgen,  A.  F.  Brooks, 
Jules  Guerin,  Herbert  E.  Butler,  E.  J.  Wagner,  Chas.  E.  Boutwood.  Member- 
ship consists  of,  professional  artists,  associates,  and  annual  members.  It 
holds  four  exhibitions  annually,  all  of  which  are  open  to  the  public,  free  of 
charge.  "  The  Charles  T.  Yerkes  prizes,"  $300  and  $200,  for  the  best  oil  paint- 
ings exhibited  by  local  artists,  are  awarded  at  the  spring  exhibition  in  April. 
This  exhibition  is  not  confined  to  the  membership  of  the  society,  but  is  open 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  145 

to  all  competitors.  Besides  the  pictures  for  sale  in  the  various  exhibitions, 
there  is  a  portfolio  of  sketches  by  local  artists  always  open  for  inspection 
in  the  rooms  of  the  society. 

ART  STUDENTS'  LEAGUE. — A  society  comprised  of  students  of  the  Art 
Institute,  holds  frequent  meetings  for  friendly  intercourse  and  improve- 
ment. 

Astronomical  Observatories. —  The  Astronomical  Society  of  Chicago, 
was  organized  in  Bryan'sHall,  Dec.  8,  1862.  The  object  of  the  society  was 
to  found  and  maintain  an  astronomical  observatory  as  an  integral  part  of 
the  old  University  of  Chicago.  J.  Y.  Scammon  had  agreed  to  pay  for  the 
erection  of  a  building  in  which  to  house  the  apparatus.  William  H.  Wells, 
the  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Schools  of  Chicago,  who  had  often  lectured 
on  astronomy  before  coming  here  from  the  East,  was  one  of  those  named 
from  the  platform  in  Bryan  Hall  in  the  first  list  of  members.  He  and  one 
or  two  others  discovered  that  the  largest  refracting  telescope  in  the  world, 
recently  made  by  the  firm  of  Alvan  Clark  &  Sons  to  the  order  of  a  university 
in  Louisiana,  was  thrown  back  on  the  hands  of  the  makers  through  ina- 
bility to  pay  for  it.  A  little  agitation  sufficed  to  convince  the  other  gentle- 
men interested  that  the  Chicago  Astronomical  Society  ought  to  secure  that 
telescope  if  possible,  and  in  the  ensuing  February  (1863)  it  was  purchased 
for  the  society  by  Thomas  Hoyne,  a  member,  who  made  a  special  visit  to 
the  East  for  that  purpose.  The  telescope  came  here  as  soon  as  the  building 
could  be  finished  for  its  reception,  and  until  September,  1873,  its  ISVi-inch 
object  glass  and  18-foot  focal  length  marked  it  as  the  biggest  in  the  world, 
while  it  was  also  universally  conceded  to  be  the  best  at  the  date  named.  A 
telescope  of  twenty-six  inches  diameter  was  later  mounted  at  the  National 
Observatory  in  Washington,  and  since  then  successive  improvements  have 
left  the  Chicago  instrument  far  in  the  rear  so  far  as  size  is  concerned.  The 
biggest  refracting  telescope  in  existence  is  the  one  at  the  Lick  Observatory 
in  California,  the  object  glass  of  which  is  thirty-six  inches  in  diameter,  but 
when  the  40-inch  glass  ordered  for  the  new  university  is  mounted  in  posi- 
tion Chicago  will,  for  the  second  time,  have  the  largest  and  best  telescope 
in  the  known  world.  Of  those  who  resolved  thirty  years  ago  to  form  an 
astronomical  society  T.  B.  Bryan,  who  owned  the  hall  in  which  the  meeting 
was  held  (on  Clark  St.,  opposite  the  Court  House),  N.  S.  Bouton,  W.  W.  Boy- 
ington,  E.  B.  McCagg,  W.  H.  Turner,  L.  B.  Sidway,  E.  W.  Blatchford,  George 
C.  Walker  and  C.  F.  W.  Yunge  still  survive  (1893).  The  telescope  is  now 
mounted  in  the  observatory  of  the  Northwestern  University.  a,t  Evanston, 
a  suburb  of  Chicago. 

CHICAGO  ASTRONOMICAL  SOCIETY. — President,  Elias  Colbert;  secretary,  H. 
C.  Ranney;  treasurer,  Murray  Nelson;  director,  Professor  G.  W.  Hough. 
This  society  was  organized  in  November,  1863.  It  owns  the  celebrated 
"Dearborn  University"  telescope,  the  object  lens  of  which  was  made  by 
Alvin  Clark,  and  which  is  now  in  possession  of  the  Northwestern  University 
at  Evanston. 

"DEARRORN"OR  NORTHWESTERN  OBSERVATORY. — The  observatory  is  a 
stone  building  eighty-one  feet  in  length  by  seventy-one  feet  in  breadth, 
includes  a  dome  for  the  great  equatorial  telescope,  a  meridian  circle  room, 
a  library,  and  eight  additional  rooms  for  other  purposes.  The  great  Dear- 
born telescope,  an  equatorial  refractor,  was  made  by  Alvan  Clark  &  Sons, 
of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  in  1861.  This  instrument  was  the  largest  refractor  in 
the  world  until  a  few  years  ago,  and  now  has  a  few  superiors.  The  observa- 
tory will  be  open  to  visitors  on  Thursday  evening  of  each  week  by  previous 
arrangement  with  the  director.  Visitors  may  also  be  admitted  at  other 
times  by  making  special  arrangements  with  the  president  of  the  university 
or  the  director  of  the  observatory.  The-  location  of  the  observatory  is  on 
the  lake  shore,  about  half  a  mile  north  of  the  main  buildings  of  the  uni- 
versity. 

KENWOOD  PHYSICAL  OBSERVATORY. — One  of  the  best  equipped  astronomi- 
cal stations  in  the  country.  Dedicated  1892.  The  observatory  is  located  at 
Grand  blvd.  and  Forty-sixth  St.,  and  is  the  gift  of  W.  E.  Hale,  of  the  Hale 
Elevatory  Company,  to  his  son,  George  E.  Hale,  recently  graduated  from 


140  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

college.  Young  Mr.  Hale  has  been  a  devoted  student  of  astronomical 
science  for  several  years,  and  his  enthusiasm  so  interested  his  father  that 
the  latter  determined  to  build  an  observatory  which  could  justly  be  so 
called.  The  observatory  is  unique  as  being- the  first  private  investment  of 
the  kind  in  the  city.  The  building  and  telescope  represent  an  outlay  of 
about  $20,000.  The  building  is  a  finely  decorated  structure  of  two  stories. 
A  revolving  dome  surmounts  the  whole  and  electric  lights  from  special 
dynamos  furnish  illumination.  The  telescope  is  a  twelve-inch  refracting 
equatorial.  It  was  built  especially  to  carry  the  spectroscope.  The  total 
length  of  the  instrument  is  22 ^  feet.  The  rotating  dome  is  26l/2  feet  in 
diameter.  The  telescope  was  built  by  Warner  &  Swasey,  of  Cleveland,  O. 
The  spectroscope  was  manufactured  by  J.  A.  Brashear,  of  Allegheny  City, 
Penn. 

.  YERKES  TELESCOPE  OR  UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO  OBSERVATORY.— In  1892 
Charles  T.  Yerkes,  president  of  the  North  and  West  side  cable  street  railway 
systems,  and  a  very  wealthy  man,  surprised  the  public  by  making  a  voluntary 
contribution  of  $500,000  for  the  purchase  of  a  telescope  for  the  University  of 
Chicago,  the  understanding  being  that  the  princely  donation  would  meet  the 
cost  of  the  greatest  astronomical  instrument  ever  erected.  The  glass  is  to 
be  a  40-inch  one,  4  inches  larger  than  that  of  the  Lick  Observatory  in 
California.  It  is  to  be  constructed  by  Warner  and  Swasey  of  Cleveland,  O., 
who  designed  and  built  the  famous  thirty-six-inch  Lick  telescope  and  the 
twenty-six-inch  telescope  for  the  new  naval  observatory  at  Washington. 
The  Lick  telescope  is  now  the  largest  in  the  world,  but  the  great  Yerkes 
instrument  will,  when  completed,  exceed  it  in  power  by  25  per  cent.  The 
tube  will  be  seventy-five  feet  long  and  will  weigh  about  six  tons,  and  the 
instrument  complete  not  less  than  sixty  tons.  [See  "  University  of  Chi- 
cago,"  also  "  Private  Art  Collections  "  and  "  Yerkes  Electric  Fountain."] 

Halls  of  Science. — Two  great  museums  are  to  be  erected  in  Chicago,  each 
of  which  will  in  all  probability  be  thrown  open  to  the  public  shortly  after 
the  close  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition. 

ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES.— Founded  in  1857  and  incorporated  in  1859.  One 
of  the  most  flourishing  of  Chicago's  societies  previous  to  the  great  fire  of 
'71,  in  which  its  entire  collection,  of  priceless  value,  was  lost.  Afterthe  fire 
a  new  building  for  the  collection  was  erected,  but  the  society  was  compelled 
to  part  with  it  owing  to  the  heavy  debts  which  it  had  to  bear.  It  has  had  a 
chequered  career  for  the  past  twenty  years,  but  notwithstanding,  it  has 
kept  on  adding  to  its  collection  of  birds,  mammals,  etc.  It  was  given  space 
for  its  collection  in  the  old  Inter-State  Exposition  building  for  several  years, 
but  the  demolition  of  that  structure,  to  make  room  for  the  new  Art  Institute, 
left  it  once  more  without  a  home.  Work  will  be  commenced  this  year,  how- 
ever, on  a  great  building  for  the  Academy,  to  be  located  inside  the  main 
entrance  to  Lincoln  Park,  opposite  Centre  st.  The  North  Park  Commission- 
ers have,  in  addition  to  granting  the  site  for  the  building,  donated  $25,000 
per  annum  to  the  Academy  of  Sciences  under  certain  unimportant  stipula- 
tions. There  are  many  advantages  in  favor  of  Lincoln  Park  as  the  site  for 
the  new  building.  The  park  is  the  most  easily  accessible  one  from  the  heart 
of  the  city;  it  is  more  largely  attended  than  any  one  of  the  others  of  our 
magnificent  system.  The  poor  flock  to  the  park  every  day  in  the  week,  par- 
ticularly Sundays.  Matthew  Laflin,  a  wealthy  resident  of  Chicago,  donated 
$75,000  toward  the  erection  of  the  building.  The  new  building  has  been  care- 
fully considered  with  reference  to  a  future  enlargement,  which  may  be 
placed  at  the  rear  if  so  desired.  The  plans  show  a  dignified  and  appropriate 
exterior,  three  stories  in  height,  with  Spanish  tile  roof.  The  first  story  is  of 
brown  stone,  with  pressed  brick  and  terra  cotta  alcove,  massive  and  rich 
cornice  crowning  the  whole.  An  elaborate  entrance  arch  leads  to  the  main 
stair  hall,  35  feet  wide  and  55  feet  long,  with  marble  wainscoting  and  floor, 
and  ornamental  stairs  on  each  side  leading  to  the  second  story.  This  hall 
is  spacious  and  well  lighted,  and  with  the  objects  that  may  be  placed  on 
view,  there  will  be  formed  a  dignified  vestibule  to  the  rest  of  the  building. 
To  the  right  on  the  first  floor  is  an  auditorium  45x58  feet  in  size,  and  to  the  left 
are  the  well-arranged  offices  of  the  Park  Commissioners,  and  also  the  offi- 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

DOUGLAS    MONUMENT,   DOUGLAS    PARK, 

[See  Page  314.] 


148  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

ces  and  laboratory  of  the  Academy.  In  the  second  story  is  a  single  large 
room  127x57  feet.  This  is  the  museum,  and  a  gallery  12  feet  in  width  sur- 
rounds it  on  all  sides.  The  museum  is  lighted  on  all  sides  and  from  a  sky- 
light and  is  designed  to  show  such  specimens  as  may  be  placed  in  it  to  the 
best  advantage,  the  lofty  center  nave  with  encircling  gallery  being  the  best 
form  for  a  nmseum  of  natural  history.  The  basement  will  be  well  lighted, 
and  has  been  arranged  for  work  and  storage  rooms  and  toilet  apartments. 

GARFIELD  PARK  MUSEUM. — The  failure  of  the  West  Park  Board  to  secure 
the  location  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences  at  Garfleld-Park  [see  "Parks,"] 
resulted  in  a  movement  looking  to  the  erection  of  a  great  museum  in  the 
West  Division  of  the  city.  The  general  impression  in  Chicago  is  that  two  or 
more  great  museums  may  be  filled  from  the  Columbian  Exposition.  A 
building  costing  $100,000  will  be  erected  in  Garfield  Park  and  filled  with  rel- 
ics of  this  country  from  the  time  of  the  Aztecs  down  to  the  present.  The 
building  will  be  five  stories  high,  but  beyond  this  nothing  definite  has  been 
decided  about  it.  The  park  commissionens  will  appropriate  $200,000  and 
expect  some  wealthy  and  public-spirited  citizens  to  contribute  an  equal 
sum.  A  site  has  been  settled  upon  for  the  building  in  the  platting  of  the 
new  part  of  Garfield  Park  south  of  Madison  st.  It  is  the  intention  that  the 
building  shall  face  Madison  st.,  and  will  be  south  of  it  about  100  feet.  South 
of  the  building  will  be  the  parade  ground  of  the  park. 

MUSEUM  OP  ANTIQUITIES. — When  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  was 
finally  allotted  to  Chicago,  one  of  the  paramount  questions  arising  from  its 
distinction  was :  What  monument  shall  the  city  build  in  honor  of  the  great 
event?  Many  monuments  were  suggested.  One  was  a  colossal  group  on  the 
lake  front.  Another,  one  of  the  beautiful  buildings  to  be  erected  for  the 
fair  itself.  Others  comprehended  -varieties  of  structure ;  but  all  agreed 
that  the  witness  of  Chicago's  pride  in  her  glory  as  the  representative  of  the 
nation  and  of  the  nations  in  the  quadricentennial  of  the  discovery  by  Colum- 
bus of  a  new  world  should  at  least  be  approximately  worthy.  Public  opinion 
has  gradually  crystallized  in  one  direction  and  toward  one  massive  pile, 
whose  architectural  grandeur  should  be  matched  by  the  intrinsic  value  of 
its  contents — in  a  word,  it  is  practically  resolved  that  the  city  of  Chicago 
shall  found  in  connection  with  the  fair  a  museum  of  antiquities  which  shall 
approach  from  the  beginning,  and  in  time  equal,  and  possibly  surpass,  the 
most  famous  in  the  western  world.  The  site  of  the  museum  will  be  the  lake 
front.  In  this  museum  will  be  collected  the  casts  which  Greece  contributed, 
with  the  assistance  of  the  World's  Fair  management,  to  the  Columbian 
Exposition. 

TECHNOLOGICAL  INSTITUTE. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Western  Society  of 
Engineers  held  in  March,  1892,  in  Chicago,  a  decision  was  reached  to  join 
other  societies  in  establishing  here  a  Technological  Institute  to  cost  $250,000. 
The  proposition  made  was  that  capitalists  and  philanthropists  of  Chicago 
would  contribute  liberally  to  the  construction  of  such  an  educational  insti- 
tution, to  cost  $250,000,  divided  as  follows:  Physical  laboratory  buildings, 
$150,000;  museum  of  mechanical  arts,  $50,000;  additional  equipments,  $50,000; 
The  report  continued :  The  Chicago  University  has  offered  to  start  at  once 
a  complete  technological  institute  and  to  furnish  the  necessary  grounds 
gratis  and  to  pay  all  expenses,  such  as  salaries,  if  the  citizens  of  Chicago 
will  give  to  them  the  buildings  above  proposed  and  the  apparatus  and 
museum  as  above  suggested.  The  university  has  already  secured  $150,000 
for  a  chemical  laboratory  and  proposes  to  begin  at  once  expending  $15,000 
annually  in  engineering  courses.  It  will  spend  annually  $10,000  in  the 
mathematical  department,  $12,000  in  the  chemical  department,  $15,000  in  the 
engineering  department,  and  $37,000  yearly  in  what  is  properly  technological 
education.  This  was  discussed  favorably  and  the  president  was  authorized 
to  appoint  a  committee  of  seven  to  act  in  this  connection. 

WALKER  MUSEUM.— Located  on  the  campus  of  the  University  of  Chicago. 
This  museum  is  the  gift  of  Mr.  George  C.  Walker,  one  of  the  oldest  members 
of  the  Chicago  Academy  of  Science.  The  museum  costa$100,000  and  is  one  of 
the  most  attractive  buildings  on  the  campus.  It  is  three  stories  high  and 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  149 

fire-proof.  The  bunding  is  constructed  of  New  Bedford  brown  stone  and  is 
situated  southeast  of  the  center  of  the  University  grounds,  near  Lexington 
ave.  Its  dimensions  are  120  by  50  feet,  and  the  general  style  of  architecture 
is  in  harmony  with  the  lecture  and  divinity  halls  of  the  college.  The  in- 
terior is  finished  in  red  oak  and  hard  maple.  On  the  first  floor  are  the  offices 
of  the  curator  in  charge  of  the  museum,  and  the  remainder  of  the  building 
is  devoted  to  the  display  of  specimens  and  to  a  laboratory  for  their  prepa- 
ration. The  building  was  designed  especially  for  the  careful  perservation 
of  the  treasures  to  be  committed  to  its  care  and  is  well  lighted  by  large 
windows.  The  museum  is  open  to  the  public  as  well  as  to  the  students  of 
the  University.  The  building  is  situated  in  the  center  of  a  group  of  college 
institutions,  among  which  are :  Kent  Chemical  Laboratory,  Ryerson  Phy- 
sical Laboratory  and  Museum,  Field  Biological  Laboratory,  the  Laboratory 
of  Geology  and  Mineralogy  and  the  great  museum  and  laboratory  of  the 
University  itself. 

BANKS  AND  BANKING. 

The  banking  houses  of  Chicago  may  be  divided  into  three  classes :  (1) 
National  Banks,  organized  under  the  National  Banking  Laws  of  the  United 
States  and  subject  to  government  supervision.  (2)  State  Banks,  organ- 
ized under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  subject  to  State  super- 
vision. (3)  Private  Banks,  conducted  by  individuals  or  firms,  and  subject 
to  general  laws.  Many  of  the  state  banks  are  also  chartered  as  Savings 
Banks.  Again,  there  are  branches  of  Foreign  Banks  established  here.  Bank 
failures  are  so  rare  in  Chicago  that-they  may  be  said  to  be  unknown  here. 
There  have  been  no  failures  of  great  consequence  since  1877.  The  total  capital 
of  the  twenty  six  National  banks  of  Chicago,  as  reported  on  Dec.  9,  1892  was 
$23,300,000;  the  total  surplus  profits  of  these  banks  were  $13,966,325.  The 
increase  in  capital  of  Chicago  National  banks  is  shown  by  these  figures.  In 
December,  1885,  the  total  capital  was,  $12,410,000;  in  December  1887,  $15,800,- 
000;  in  December,  1889,  $16,250,000;  in  December,  1891,  $21,241,680.  In  December, 
1885,  the  surplus  profits  of  all  the  National  banks  then  in  existence  were, 
$3,987,551;  in  December,  1887,  they  had  increased  to  $6,500,404;  in  December, 
1889,  to  $8,826,415,  and  in  December,  1891,  to  $12,469,164.86.  The  condition  of 
the  state  banks  doing  business  in  Chicago  as  exhibited  by  the  last  report 
of  the  auditor  of  state,  shows  their  total  resources  to  have  been  $88,200,554. 
Their  capital  stock  was  $12,577,000.  The  total  deposits  were  $69,162,884.  This 
report  was  accepted  as  a  favorable  one.  Savings  deposits  have  increased 
since  Nov.  14,  1891,  to  Oct.  26,  1892,  in  the  sum  of  $4,349,013. 

NATIONAL  BANKS.— NAMES  AND  LOCATIONS  OF.— The  National  Banks  of 
Chicago,  with  their  location,  are  as  follows  [These  banks  open  at  10  A.M. 
and  close  at  3  P.M.,  except  on  Saturdays,  when  they  close  at  2  P.M.  Through 
the  summer  months  and  by  general  arrangement  they  may  close  at  1  P.M.  on 
Saturdays,  or  earlier.] :  American  Exchange  National,  Monadnock  bl  dg., 
Dearborn  and  Jackson ;  Atlas  National,  La  Salle,  S.  W.  Cor.  Washington ; 
Bankers  National,  Masonic  Temple;  Chemical  National,  Madison  and 
Dearborn  sts. ;  Chicago  National,  Dearborn  St.,  S.  W.  Cor.  Monroe ;  Columbia 
National,  La  Salle  St.,  Cor.  Quincy ;  Commercial  National,  Dearborn  st.,  S. 
E.  Cor.  Monroe;  Continental  National,  La  Salle  St.,  S.  W.  Cor.  Adams;  Dro- 
vers National,  4,207 S.  Halsted  st.;  First  National,  Dearborn  St.,  N.  W.  Cor. 
Monroe ;  First  National  of  Englewood,  63rd  and  Yale  sts. ;  Fort  Dearborn 
National,  Adams  Exp.  bldg.,  187  Dearborn  st. ;  Globe  National,  Rookery 
bldg.,  La  Salle  and  Adams  sts.;  Hide  and  Leather  National,  Madison  st.,  S. 
E.  Cor.  La  Salle;  Home  National,  184  W.  Washington  st.;  Lincoln  National, 
59  N.  Clark  st.;  Merchants  National,  80  and  82  La  Salle;  Metropolitan 
National,  La  Salle  st.,  S.  W.  Cor.  Monroe;  National  Bank  of  America,  La 
Salle  st.,  S.  W.  Cor.  Monroe;  National  Bank  of  Illinois,  115  Dearborn  st. ; 
National  Bank  of  *he  Republic,  La  Salle  st.,  Cor.  Quincy;  National  Live 
Stock  Bank,  Union  Stock  Yards;  Northwestern  National,  S.  E.  Cor.  La  Salle 


150  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

and  Adams  sts. ;  Oakland  National.  3,961  Cottage  Grove  ave. ;  Prairie  State 
National,  110  W.  Washington  st. ;  Union  National,  La  Salle  St.,  N.  E.  Cor. 
Adorns. 

STATE  BANKS— NAMES  AND  LOCATIONS  OF.— The  state  banks  of  Chicago, 
with  their  locations,  are  as  follows  [These  banks,  with  few  exceptions,  close 
at  3  P.  M.  daily]  :  American  Trust  and  Savings  Bank,  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Madi- 
son sts.;  Bank  of  Commerce,  88  to  192  La  Salle  st.;  Commercial  Loan  and 
Trust  Co.,  115-117  La  Salle  st. ;  Corn  Exchange  Bank,  217  La  Salle  st. ;  Garden 
City  Banking  and  Trust  Co.,  La  Salle  st.,  Cor.  Randolph;  Hibernian  Banking 
Association,  Clark  st.,Cor.  Randolph;  Home  Savings  Bank,  184  West  Wash- 
ington st. ;  Hyde  Park  Bank,  Lake  ave.  and  Fifty-third  st. ;  Illinois  Trust  and 
Savings  Bank,  Cor.  La  Lalle  and  Adams  sts. ;  Industrial  Bank,  645  Blue  Island 
ave.;  International  Bank,  110  La  Salle  St.;  Merchants  Loan  and  Trust  Co., 
Washington  St.,  Cor.  Dearborn ;  Milwaukee  Avenue  State  Banking  Co.,  409- 
411  Milwaukee  ave. ;  Royal  Trust  Co.,  167  Jackson  st. ;  State  Bank  of  Chicago. 
Lake  st.,  Cor.  La  Salle ;  The  Jennings  Trust  Co.,  185  Dearborn  st. ;  The  North- 
ern Trust  Co.,  Washington  st..  Cor.  La  Salle;  Northwestern  Bond  and  Trust 
Co.,  175-179  Dearborn  st. ;  Union  Trust  Co.,  Dearborn  st.,  Cor.  Madison;  West 
Chicago  Bank,  365  Western  ave. ;  Wetherell  Bank,  Thirty-first  st.  and  Michi- 
gan ave. 

PRIVATE  BANKS,  NAMES  AND  LOCATIONS.— The  private  banks  of  Chicago, 
with  their  names  and  locations,  are  as  follows  [These  banks  and  banking 
houses  are  open  usually  through  the  regular  business  hours,  from  9  a.  m.  to 
5  p.  m.] :  C.  C.  Adsit,  28—6  and  8  Sherman  st.;  R.  C.  Alden  &  Co.,  Pullman 
bldg. ;  Breese  &  Cummings,  111-113  Monroe  st. ;  Baldwin  &  Farnum,  Board  of 
Trade  bldg. ;  C.  V.  Banta,  Jr.,  Stock  Exchange  bldg. ;  Edward  L.  Brewster  & 
Co.,  Dearborn  st.,  Cor.  Monroe;  Campbell  &  Campbell,  Room  120  Illinois 
Bank  bldg.;  Cahn  &  Straus,  128  La  Salle  st.;  H.  Classenius  &  Co.,  82  Fifth 
ave. ;  William  O.  Cole  &  Co.,  140  Washington  st. ;  Counselman  &  Day,  238-240 
La  Salle  St.;  Charles  B.  Crombie,  115  Monroe  st. ;  Dominick  &  Dickerman, 
115-117  Monroe  St.;  E.  S.  Dreyer&Co.,  Dearborn  st.,  Cor.  Washington;  Albert 
Durham,  179  La  Salle  st. ;  Dwiggins,  Starbuck  &  Co.,  221  La  Salle  st.;  W.  N. 
Evans,  158  Dearborn  st. ;  Farson,  Leach  &  Co.,  115  Dearborn  st. ;  Foreman 
Bros.,  128-130  Washington  st. ;  Fred  G.  Frank  &  Bro.,  99  Washington  st.; 
Greenebaum  Sons,  116-1 18  La  Salle  st.;  Henry  &D.S.  Greenebaum,  92  La  Salle 
st. ;  C.  Granville  Hammond,  1  Sherman  st. ;  N.  W,  Harris* Co.,  163- 165  Dearborn 
st. ;  Chas,  Henrotin,  169  Dearborn  st. ;  Herman  Herbst,  167  Dearborn  st. ;  Hink- 
ley  &  Tilden,  502  West  Madison  st. ;  Hunt,  Edward  S.  Adams  Express  bldg. ; 
Jamieson  &Co.,  187  Dearborn  st. ;  Kennett,  Hopkins  &  Co.,  1  Board  of  Trade 
bldg. ;  Edward  Koch,  158  Dearborn  st. ;  B.  B.  Lamb,  Stock  Exchange  bldg. ; 
George  A.  Lewis  &  Co.,  132  LaSalle  st. ;  Lobdell.  Farwell  &  Co.,  213  Dearborn 
st. ;  A.  Loeb  &  Bro.,  120  LaSalle  st. ;  H.  E.  Lowe  &  Co.,  Stock  Exchange  bldg. ; 
Leopold,  Mayer  &  Son,  157  Randolph  st. ;  Meadowcroft  Bros.,  Washington  st., 
Cor.  Dearborn;  Muncipal  Investment  Co.,  First  National  Bank  bldg.;  C.  L. 
Niehoff&Co.,  49  LaSalle  st. ;  Peterson  &  Bay,  Randolph  st.,  Cor.  LaSalle; 
W.  T.  Rickards  &  Co.,  71  Dearborn  st. ;  Herman  Schaffner  &  Co.,  100-102  Wash- 
ington st.;  P.  E.  Stanley,  Chemical  Bank  bldg.;  Schaar,  Koch  <fe  Co.,  2603 
Halsted  st. ;  Schwartz,  Dupee  &  McCormick,  2  Board  of  Trade  bldg. ;  Lazarus 
Silverman,  93-95  Dearborn  st. ;  A.  O.  Slaughter  &  Co.,  111-113  LaSalle  st. ;  Sny- 
dacker  &  Co.,  Dearborn  St.,  Cor.  Randolph;  H.  C.  Speer.  237  LaSalle  st.; 
Townsend,  J.  J.,  Adams  Express  bldg. ;  Union  Investment  Co.,  The  Inter- 
Ocean  bldg.;  Valentine  &  McAvoy,  184  Dearborn  st.;  Walker  &  Co..  21 
Pacific  ave. ;  Walker  &  Wrenn,225  LaSalle  st. ;  Wasmansdorff  <fe  Heinemann, 
145-147  Randolph  st. ;  A.  W.  Wheeler,  167  Dearborn  st. ;  Wilson  &  Sturges, 
Rookery  bldg. ;  William  B.  Wrenn,  82  Washington  st. ;  John  S.  Woollacott, 
119  Dearborn;  Wise,  Henry,  611  Stock  Exchange  bldg.;  Wright,  Geo.  E., 
Stock  Exchange  bldg. 

SAVINGS  BANKS.— The  Savings  banks  (many  of  which  are  included  in  the 
list  of  State  banks),  with  their  localities,  are  as  follows:  American  Trust 
and  Savings  Bank,  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Madison  sts. ;  Central  Trust  and  Savings 
Bank,  155  Washington  st. ;  Chicago  Trust  and  Saving  Br,nk,  122  and  124 
Washington  st. ;  Dime  Savings  Bank,  104  and  106  Washington  st. ;  Globe  Sav- 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK  BUILDING. 
%      [Office  of  Dunlap,  Smith  &  Co.] 


152  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

ings  Bank,  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Jackson  sts. ;  Hibernian  Banking  Association, 
Clark  st.  Cor.  Randolph ;  Home  Savings  Bank,  Halsted  st.  Cor.  Washington ; 
Illinois  Trust  and  Savings  Bank,  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Adams  sts. ;  Prairie  State 
Savings  and  Trust  Co.,  45  South  Desplaines  st.;  Union  Trust  Co.,  Dearborn 
St.,  Cor.  Madison. 

FOREIGN  BANKS. — The-foreign  banking  houses  having  branches  in  this  city 
are  as  follows:  Bank  of  Montreal,  Womanis  Temple;  Bank  of  Nova  Scotia. 
Dearborn  near  Adams,  st. ;  Scandinavian  Exchange  Bank,  58  La  Salle  st. ; 
Comptoir  National  d'Escompte  de  Paris,  84  and  86  Washington  st. 

BANKS,  NATIONAL. 

There  are  twenty-six  national  banks  in  Chicago,  the  united  capital 
of  which,  at  the  close  of  1892,  was  $23,300,000;  surplus  fund,  $13,966,325. 
These  banks  are  in  the  hands  of  the  leading  financiers,  merchants  and 
manufacturers  of  the  city,  are  organized  under  the  national  banking  laws 
and  are  subject  to  government  supervision.  [N.  B. — The  figures  given, 
with  relation  to  capital  stock,  surplus  funds  and  undivided  profits,  are 
those  returned  to  the  United  States  Comptroller  in  the  last  report  of  the 
National  Banks  for  1892. 

American  Exchange  National  Bank. — Organized  May,  1886.  Present  offi- 
cers; John  B.  Kirk,  president;  Wm.  C.  Seipp,  vice-president;  G.  F.  Bissell, 
second  vice-president ;  A.  L.  Dewar,  cashier;  R.  M.  Orr,  assistant  cashier. 
Capital,  $1,000,000;  surplus  fund,  $200,000;  undivided  profits,  $144,655.47.  Loca- 
tion, Monadnock  bldg.,  Dearborn  and  Jackson  sts. 

Atlas  National  Bank.— Officers :  President,  W.  C.  D.  Grannis ;  vice-presi- 
dent, C.  B.  Farwell ;  cashier,  S.  W.  Stone ;  assistant  cashier,  W.  S.  Tillotson. 
Directors :  Uri  Balcom,  R.  C.  Clowry,  C.  B.  Farwell,  R.  J.  Bennett,  Joseph 
Austrian,  W.  C.  D.  Grannis,  J.  C.  McMullin,  A.  A.  Munger,  Wm.  M.  Van 
Nortwick,  C.  P.  Libby,  J.  T.  Chumasero. 

Bankers  National  Bank.— Organized  1892.  Present  officers :  E.  S.  Lacey , 
president;  D.  B.  Dewey,  vice-president;  John  C.  Craft,  cashier;.  Capital, 
$1,000,000.  Location,  Masonic  Temple. 

Chemical  National  Bank. — Successor  to  the  Chemical  Trust  and  Savings 
Bank,  founded  May,  1880.  Location,  Hartford  bldg.,  Madison  and  Dearborn 
sts.  Capital,  $1,000,000;  undivided  profits,  $44,755.55.  Present  officers:  J.  O. 
Curry,  president;  A.  T.  Ewing,  vice-president;  C.  E.  Braden,  cashier;  G.  E. 
Hopkins,  assistant  cashier. 

Chicago  National  Bank.— Officers :  President,  John  R.  Walsh;  cashier. 
William  Cox;  assistant  cashier,  F.  M.  Blount.  Directors:  A.  McNally, 
Adolph  Loeb,  H.  H.  Nash,  C.  K.  G.  Billings,  F.  Madlener,  Ferd.  W.  Peck,  J. 
R.  Walsh.  Capital,  $500,000:  surplus  fund,  $500.000;  undivided  profits,  $104.- 
879.88.  Location,  S.  W.  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Monroe  sts. 

Columbia  National  Bank.— Opened  for  business  February  16,  1891.  Pres- 
ent officers:  L.  Everingham,  president;  W.  G.  Bently,  vice-president;  Zimri 
Dwiggius,  cashier;  J.  T.  Greene,  assistant  cashier.  Directors:  Malcolm 
McNeill,  E.  S.  Conway,  H.  D.  Cohn,  C.  W.  Needham,  Peter  Kuntz,  J.  D.  Allen, 
L.  Everingham,  W.  G.  Bently,  Z.  Dwiggins  and  J.  M.  Starbuck.  Capital, 
$1,000,000;  surplus  fund,  $15,000;  undivided  profits,  $83,406.55.  Location, 
Insurance  Exchange  bldg.,  La  Salle  and  Adams  sts. 

Commercial  National  Bank.— Location  southeast  cor.  of  Dearborn  and 
Monroe  sts. ;  organized  December,  1864.  Present  officers :— Henry  F.  Eumes, 
president ;  O.  W.  Potter,  vice-president ;  John  B.  Mayer,  cashier ;  D.  Vernon, 
assistant  cashier.  Capital,  $1,000,000.  Surplus  fund  $1,000,000.  Undivided 
profits  $257,667.25. 

Continental  National  Bank.— Organized  March  5,  1883.  Present  officers 
—Directors :  John  C.  Black,  Calvin  T.  Wheeler,  Richard  T.  Crane,  Henry  C. 
Durand,  William  G.  Hibbard,  Henry  Botsford,  James  H.  Dole,  George  H. 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  153 

Wheeler,  J.  Ogden  Armour,  Isaac  N.  Perry ;  president,  John  C.  Black ;  second 
vice-president,  Isaac  N.  Perry ;  cashier,  Douglas  Hoyt;  assistant  cashier, 
Ira  P.  Bowen.  Banking  house,  La  Salle  and  Adams  sts.  Semi-annual  divi- 
dends of  3  per  cent,  are  paid  January  first,  and  July  first.  Capital  $2,000,000; 
surplus  fuud,  $350,000;  undivided  profits,  $232,865.66.  Location,  southwest 
cor.  of  La  Salle  and  Adams  sts.  M.  Calvin  T.  Wheeler,  one  of  Chicago's  fore- 
most business  men  and  financiers,  was  the  organizer  of  this  bank  and  its 
first  president.  He  was  succeeded  in  1887  by  Mr.  Black,  who  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  bank  since  its  organization.  He  was  its  first  cashier,  and 
was  actively  instrumental  in  perfecting  the  system  inaugurated  for  the 
transaction  of  the  business  of  the  bank  with  the  greatest  convenience  to  its 
customers. 

Drovers  National  Bank.— Organized,  1883.  Present  officers:— S.  BrinthaU 
president;  John  Brown,  vice-president;  W.  H.  BrinthaU,  cashier.  Capital, 
$250,000;  surplus  fund,  $50,000  ;undivided  profits,  $52,646.22.  Location,  Union 
Stock  Yards. 

First  National  Bank.— Organized,  November,  1863.  Present  officers  : 
Lyman  J.  Gage,  president;  James  B.  Forgan,  vice-president;  Richard  J. 
Street,  cashier.  Directors:  Saml.  M*.  Nickerson,  E.  F.  Lawrence,  S.  W.  Aller- 
ton,  F.  D.  Gray,  Norman  B.  Ream,  Nelson  Morris,  James  B.  Forgan,  L.  J. 
Gage,  Eugene  S.  Pike,  A.  A.  Carpenter.  Capital,  $3,000,000;  surplus  fund, 
$2,000,000;  undivided  profits,  $1,436,305.69.  Location,  northwest  Cor.  Dearborn 
and  Monroe  sts. 

First  National  Bank  of  Englewood. — Present  officers:  J.  R.  Embree, 
president;  E.  L.  Roberts,  vice-president;  Frank  B.  Warren,  cashier;  Direct- 
ors, J.  J.  Nichols,  J.  M.  Johnson.  C.  H.  Nights,  H.  P.  Murphy,  W.  H.  Sharp, 
C.  H.  Caldwell,  V.  E.  Prentice.  E.  L., Roberts,  J.  R.  Embree,  Capital,  $100,000; 
surplus  profits,  $12,274.  Location,  Englewood,  Chicago. 

Fort  Dearborn  National  Bank. — John  A.  King,  president;  L.  A.  Goddard, 
cashier.  Capital,  $500,000;  surplus  fund,  $50,000;  undivided  profits,  $33,754.21. 
Location,  187  Dearborn  st. 

Globe  National  Bank.— Commenced  business  Dec.  22,  1890.  Capital' 
$1,000,000,  surplus,  $80,000.  Present  officers:  Oscar  D.  Wetherell.  president; 
Melville  E.  Stone,  vice-president;  D.  A.  Moulton,  cashier;  C.  C.  Swinborne, 
assistant  cashier.  The  ai rectors,  comprising  well-known  business  men  and 
capitalists,  are  as  follows:  Melville  E.  Stone,  late  editor  the  Chicago  Daily 
News',  Gustavus  F.  Swift,  president  Swift&Co.  packers;  William  H.  Harper, 
manager  Chicago  &  Pacific  Elevator  Company:  Robert  L.  Henry,  president 
Keystone  Palace  Horse-Car  Co.;  James  H.  Pearson,  capitalist;  Everett  W. 
Brooks,  lumber  manufacturer;  James  L.  High,  attorney-at-law;  Amos  Gran- 
nis,  contractor;  Oscar  D.  Wetherell.  Location,  The  Rookery,  LaSalle  and 
Adams  sts. 

Hide  and  Leather  National  Bank. — Organized  in  1872,  received  its  charter 
as  a  National  Bank  in  1878.  Present  officers:  Charles  F.  Grey,  president ; 
H.  A.  White,  vice-president;  Thos.  L.  Forrest,  assistant  cashier.  Capital, 
$300,000;  resources,  $2,113,318.05;  surplus  fund,  $100,000;  undivided  profits, 
$16,024.28.  The  individual  deposits  amounts  to  $1,317,568. 67.  Directors,  George 
C.  Benton,  William  L.  Grey,  C.  H.  Morse,  Hugh  A.  White,  J.  V.  Taylor,  George 
M.  Lyon,  P.  P.  Mathews,  Charles  F.  Grey,  O.  F.  Fuller.  Location  of  banking 
house,  LaSalle  and  Madison  sts. 

Home  National  Bank.— Officers:  A.  M.  Billings,  president;  J.  C.  McMullin. 
vice-president;  H.  H.  Blake,  cashier.  Capital,  $250,000;  surplus  fund,  $100,- 
000;  undivided  profits,  $181,500.11.  Location,  184  W.  Washington  st. 

Lincoln  National  Bank.— Organized  March,  1887.  Present  officers:  V.  C- 
Price,  president;  E.  S.  Noyes,  cashier;  J.  R.  Clarke,  assistant  cashier. 
Capital,  $200,000;  surplus,  undivided  profits  and  dividends,  unpaid  at  last 
report,  $23,666.48.  Location,  59  N.  Clark  st. 

Merchants  National  Bank.— Organized  December,  1863.  Present  officers: 
Chauncey  J.  Blair,  president;  Frederick  W.  Crosby,  vice-president;  Henry 
A.  Blair,  second  vice-president;  John  C.  Neely,  cashier.  Directors:  C.  J. 


CONTINENTAL 

NATIONAL  BANK, 

LA  SALINE  STREET,  COR.   ADAMS, 
CHICAQO, 


Capital  and  Surplus,  $2,4OO,OOO.OO 


A  General  Foreign  Exchange  Business  Transacted, 


OFFICERS. 

JOHN  C.  BLACK,  President. 
ISAAC  N.  PERRY,  Second  Vice-President. 
DOUGLASS  HOYT,  Cashier. 
IRA  P.  BOWEN,  Assistant  Cashier. 
ALVA  V.  SHOEMAKER,  Second  Ass't  Cashier. 

DIRECTORS. 

JOHN  C.  BLACK.  CALVIN  T.  WHEELER. 

WILLIAM  G.  HIBBAR.  RICHARD  T.  CRANE. 

GEORGE  H.  WHEELER.  HENRY  C.  DURAND. 

HENRY  BOTSFORD.  JAMES  H.  DOLE. 

J.  OGDEN  ARMOUR.  ISAAC  N.  PERRY. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
CONTINENTAL  NATIONAL  BANK  BUILDING. 

LSee  Insurance  Exchange  Building,  Page  179,  and  "  Bankr"] 


150  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Blair,  William  Blair,  H.  A.  Blair,  W.  F.  Blair,  M.  A.  Ryerson,  F.  W.  Crosby. 
Capital,  $500,000;  surplus,  $1,500,000;  undivided  profits  at  last  report,  $384,- 
573.67.  Location,  80  and  82  La  Salle  st. 

Metropolitan  National  Bank.— Organized  May  12,  1884.  Present  officers: 
E.  G.  Keith,  president;  Wm.  Deering-,  vice-president;  W.  D.  Preston,  cashier; 
H.  H.  Hitchcock,  assistant  cashier;  Edw.  Dickinson,  second  assistant 
cashier.  Directors:  Wm.  Deering,  A.  C.  Bartlett,  Edson  Keith,  W.  J.  Wat- 
son, E.  T.  Jeffery,  John  Dupee,  E.  Frankenthal,  G.  B.  Shaw,  E.  G.  Keith,  W. 

D.  Preston,  W.  A.  Fuller.    Capital,  $2,000,000;  surplus  fund,  $1,000,000;   undi- 
vided profits,  $121,642.97.    Location,  La  Salle  and  Monroe  sts. 

National  Bank  of  America. — Organized  January  1, 1883.  Present  officers, 
Isaac  S.  Lombard,  president;  Martin  B.  Hill,  vice-president;  Edward  B. 
Lathrop,  cashier;  Chas.  A.  Tinkham,  assistant  cashier.  Capital  stock,  $1,000,- 
000;  surplus  fund,  $250,000;  undivided  profits,  $45,908.62.  Location,  La  Salle 
and  Monroe  sts. 

National  Bank  of  Illinois. — Organized  July,  1871.  Present  officers:  George 
Schneider,  president;  W.  A.  Hammond,  cashier;  Carl  Moll,  assistant  cashier; 
Henry  D.  Field,  2d  assistant  cashier.  Directors,  S.  B.  Cobb,  Walter  L.  Peck, 
Wm.  R.  Page,  George  E.  Adams,  Charles R.  Corwith,  W.D.  Kerfoot,  Frederick 
Mahla,  R.  E.  Jenkins,  Albert  A.  Munger,  William  A.  Hammond,  George 
Schneider.  Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  surplus,  $1,000,000;  undivided  profits  at 
last  report,  $123,255.78.  Location,  111,  113,  115  and  117  Dearborn  st. 

National  Bank  of  the  Republic.—  Organized  August,  189r.  Present  offi- 
cers: President,  John  A.  Lynch;  vice-president,  A.  M.  Rothschild;  cashier, 
W.  T.  Fenton.  Capital,  $1,000,000;  surplus  fund,  $25,000;  undivided  profits, 
$58,429.60.  Average  deposits  per  month  over  $2,000,000.  Location,  La  Salle 
St.,  south  of  Quincy. 

National  Live  Stock  Bank.— Present  officers:  Levi  B.  Doud,  president; 
George  T.Williams,  vice-president;  Roswell  Z.  Herrick,  cashier;  Gates  A. 
Ryther,  assistant  cashier.  Directors:  John  B.  Sherman,  Levi  B.  Doud,  Irus 
Coy,  Geo.  T.  Williams,  Roswell  Z.  Herrick,  Daniel  G.  Brown  and  Samuel 
Cozzens.  'Capital,  $750,000;  surplus  fund,  $500,000;  undivided  profits,  $128,- 
235.85.  Location,  Union  Stock  Yards. 

Northwestern  National  Bank.— Organized  August,  1864.    Present  officers : 

E.  Buckingham,  president;  W.  F.  Dummer,  vice-president;   F.  W.  Gookin, 
cashier;    F.  W.  Griffin,  assistant  cashier.    Directors:  Ebenezer  Bucking- 
ham,  Edward  E.   Ayer,  William  F.   Dummer,   Marshall  M.   Kirkman,   and 
Franklin  H.  Head.     Capital,  $1,000,000;    surplus  fund,  $500,000;   undivided 
profits,  $134,889.54.    Location,  La  Salle  and  Adams  sts. 

Oakland  National  Bank.— Present  officers :  Horace  B.  Taylor,  president ; 
Authur  W.  Allyn,  vice-president;  J.  J.  Knight,  cashier.  Capital,  $50,000; 
surplus  fund,  $5.000;  undivided  profits,  $12,127.45.  Location,  3,961  Cottage 
Grove  ave. 

Prairie  State  National  Bank.— Present  officers :  James  W.  Scoville,  pres- 
ident; George  Woodland,  vice-president;  George  Van  Zandt,  cashier.  Cap- 
ital, $200,000;  surplus  fund,  $9,000;  undivided  profits,  $1,246.07. 

Union  National  Bank.  —  Organized,  December  1864.  Present  officers: 
John  J.  P.  Odell,  president;  David  Kelley,  vice-president;  August  Blum, 
cashier;  W.  O.  Hipwell,  assistant  cashier.  Paid  up  capital,  $2,000,000;  sur- 
plus fund,  $750,000;  undivided  profits,  $140,000.  The  deposits  of  the  Union 
National  average  above  $10,000,000.  This  bank  has  always  ranked  among 
the  most  wisely  managed  financial  institutions  of  the  country.  It  has  had 
a  succession  of  able  financiers  for  its  presidents.  [See  "Guide."]  Location, 
Home  Insurance  bldg.,  La  Salle  and  Adams  sts. 

BANKS,  STATE  AND  PRIVATE. 

Many  of  the  leading  state  and  private  banking  houses  of  the  city  are 
referred  to  below.  Some  of  the  state  banks  operate  upon  capital  as  large 


158  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

as  the  leading  national  banks.    The  state  banks  are  under  state  control. 
The  private  banks  are  subject  to  general  laws. 

Adolph  Loeb  &  Bro.,  Bankers. — Established  over  thirty-three  years  ago, 
s:'nce  which  time  the  house  has  been  doing  an  extensive  nortgage  loan, 
real  estate  and  general  banking  business.  The  house  was  founded  by 
Adolph  Loeb,  am  shortly  afterward  he  associated  with  himself  his  brother 
William.  Two  years  ago  Julius  Loeb  and  Edward  G.  Pauling  were  admitted 
into  the  firm.  Loeb  &  Bro.  are  bankers  of  large  capital  and  the  very  high- 
est standing  i-n  Chicago  commercial  circles. 

American  Trust  and  Savings  Bank. — Organized  under  the  laws  of  the 
State  of  Illinois,  1889.  Capital,  $1,000,000;  surplus,  $150,000.  Present  officers : 
G.  B.  Shaw,  president;  Franklin  H.  Head,  vice-president:  J.  R.  Chapman, 
cashier;  W.  L.  Mover,  assistant  cashier.  Directors:  William  J.  Watson, 
T.  W.  Harvey,  Adolph  Kraus,  Franklin  H.  Head,  S.  A.  Maxwell,  J.  H.  Pear- 
son,  C.  T.  Trego,  Ferd  W.  Peck,  William  Deering,  G.  B.  Shaw,  V.  A.  Watkins 
E.  L.  Lobdell,  C.  T.  Nash,  Joy  Morton,  George  E.  Wood,  William  Kent,  S.  A| 
Kent.  Location  of  banking  house,  Owings  bldg.,  Dearborn  and  Adams  sts] 
Avenue  Savings  Bank.—  Location,  Thirty-first  st.  and  Michigan  ave.  This 
institution  is  owned  by  George  L.  Magill,  its  president,  and  Louis  Kruse, 
its  cashier.  It  pays  4  per  cent,  interest  to  saving  depositors. 

Bank  of  Commerce.— Incorporated,  March  9,  1891,  as  successor  to  the 
private  banking  house  of  Felsenthal,  Gross  &  Miller.  Capital  stock  paid  up, 
$500,000.  Location,  108  LaSalle  st. 

Central  Trust  and  /savings  Bank. — Present  location,  Washington  st.  and 
Fifth  ave.  Cash  Capital,  $200,000.  In  banking  department  receives  deposits 
subject  to  check.  In  savings  department  receives  deposits  of  $1.00  and  up- 
ward, 4  per  cent  per  annum. 

Charles  Henrotin,  Banker  and  Broker. — One  of  the  founders  of  the  Chi- 
cago Stock  Exchange,  and  one  of  the  heaviest  brokers  in  local  and  outside 
stocks  in  Chicago.  A  promoter  of  some  of  the  largest  enterprises  of  the 
times.  Location  of  banking  house,  169  Dearborn  st. 

Chicago  Trust  and  /Savings  Bank. — Under  the  supervision  of  the  State  of 
Illinois,  organized  May,.  1885.  Capital  paid  in,  $400,000.  Present  officers: 
D.  H.  Tolman,  president;  P.  E.  Jennison,  cashier.  Location  of  banking 
house,  N.  E.  Cor.  Washington  and  Clark  sts.  [N.  B.— This  banking  house 
has  been  the  subject  of  a  vast  amount  of  most  unfavorable  criticism.  Its 
president,  D.  H.  Tolman,  has  been  frequently  charged  with,  and  sued  in  the 
courts  for,  alleged  unfairness  in  business  and  sharp  practice  in  dealing 
with  his  clients.] 

Comptoir  National  d'Escompt  de  Paris.— Agency  at  84  and  86  Washington 
st.  This  bank,  which  is  one  of  the  largest  financial  institutions  in  the 
world,  has  a  paid-up  capital  of  75,000,000  francs.  Its  head  office  is  in  Paris, 
but  it  has  branches  in  all  the  principal  cities  of  France;  also  in  Australia, 
India,  China  and  Madagascar. 

Corn  Exchange  Bank.  —  Organized  1872;  re-organized  1879;  capital, 
$1,000,000;  siirplus,  $1,000,000.  Present  officers:  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  presi- 
dent; Ernest  A.  Hamill,  vice-president ;  Frank  W.  Smith,  cashier.  Directors: 
Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  Byron  L.  Smith,  Charles  Counselman,  Sidney  A. 
Kent,  John  H.  Dwight,  Edwin  G.  Foreman,  Ernest  A.  Hamill,  Charles  H. 
Wacker,  B.  M.  Frees,  Charles  H.  Schwab,  Edward  B.  Butler.  The  Corn 
Exchange  is  one  of  the  "great  banking  houses  of  the  city  and  for  over 
eighteen  years  has  ranked  among  the  leading  financial  institutions  of  the 
West.  Location  of  banking  house,  Rookery  bldg.,  Adams  and  LaSalle  sts. 
Dime  Savings  Bank. — Organized  under  State  supervision;  incorporated 
April,  1869.  Thisi  is  exclusively  a  savings  bank,  and  ranks  high  among 
Chicago's  financial  institutions.  Location  of  banking  house  and  safety 
vaults,  104-106  Washington  st. 

E.  S.  Dreyer  <fe  Co.,'  Bankers.— Established  over  twenty  years  ago,  and 
one  of  the  leading  banking  houses  of  the  city.  The  firm  is  composed  of  E. 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  159 

•  Dreyer  ami  Robert  Berger.  A  specialty  is  made  of  mortgage  loans,  though 
the  house  does  a  general  banking  business.  Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  Dear- 
born and  Washington  sts. 

Foreman  Bros.,  Bankers. — Founded  thirty  years  ago,  by  the  father  of  the 
present  proprietors  of  the  house,  Edwin  G.  Foreman  and  Oscar  G.  Foreman. 
A  banking  institution  that  has  maintained  a  high  standing  through  the 
adverse  as  wen  as  prosperous  times  in  Chicago  history,  for  over  a  quarter 
of  a  century.  Foreman  Bros,  receive  deposits,  buy  and  sell  mortgages  and 
other  investment  securities,  and  make  a  specialty  of  loans  on  real  estate. 
Location  of  banking  house,  128  and  130  Washington  St.,  near  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  opposite  City  Hall. 

Globe  Savings  Bank.— Organized,  1890.  Capital  paid  in  1200,000.  Savings 
accounts  bear  interest  at  4  per  cent  per  annum.  Four  interest  days  each 
year — January  1st,  April  1st,  July  1st,  October  1st.  Deposits  on  or  before 
the  4th  of  the  month  bear  interest  from  the  1st.  C.  W.  Spalding,  president; 
Edward  Hayes,  vice-president;  J.  P.  Atgeld,  second  vice-president;  W.  S. 
Loomis,  assistant  cashier. 

Greenebaum  Sons,  Bankers. — Location  Nos.  83  and  85  Dearborn  st.  This 
house  was  established  nearly  forty  years  ago  by  the  senior  member  of  the 
firm,  Mr.  Elias  Greenebaum,  who  with  his  three  active  sons,  H.  E.  Greene- 
baum, M.  E.  Greenebaum,  and  J.  E.  Greenebaum  comprise  the  firm.  So 
many  years  of  heavy  increasing  growth  have  naturally  built  up  an  immense 
patronage  for  this  bank.  All  the  various  branches  of  a  conservative  bank- 
ing business  are  transacted  by  this  firm.  In  the  line  of  loans  they  have 
earned  great  distinction.  Being  the  oldest  bank  in  this  branch  of  the  busi- 
ness, having  made  a  specialty  of  negotiating  loans  on  Chicago  real  estate 
since  the  very  infancy  of  our  great  city,  they  have  largely  aided  in  making 
Chicago  what  it  is  to-day.  First  class  Chicago  mortgages  are  popular  and 
desirable  investments,  combining  safety  and  a  fair  rate  of  interest.  Having 
long  experience  and  available  capital  they  are  always  able  to  select  the  best 
securities  for  investors,  whose  interests  are  carefully  and  promptly  attended 
to;  they  can  also  give  favorable  terms  to  borrowers.  Besides  dealing  in 
investment  securities,  bonds,  etc.,  they  buy  and  sell  foreign  exchange  and 
issxie  letters  of  credit  available  in  the  principal  cities  of  the  world. 

Guarantee  Company  of  North  America.— Established  1872.  Head  office, 
Montreal.  Location  in  Chicago,  The  Temple.  Total  assets,  $755,946. 
Directors  for  Chicago: — L.  J.  Gage,  president  First  National  Bank;  R.  R. 
Cable,  president  Chic.  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R. ;  Hon.  J.  Russell  Jones,  ex-pres.  West 
side  Ry. ;  C.  T.  Wheeler,  ex-president  Continental  National  Bank;  W.  D. 
Preston,  cashier  Metropolitan  National  Bank. 

Illinois  Trust  and  Savings  Bank. — Organized  under  the  laws  of  the  State 
of  Illinois,  August,  1887.  Capital  stock  paid  in,  $2,000,000;  surplus,  $1,500,OOJ; 
additional  liabilities  of  its  stockholders,  $1,000,000;  total  amount  pledged  for 
the  security  of  depositors,  $5,500,000.  Present  officers:  John  J.  Mitchell, 
president;  John  B.  Drake,  vice-president ;  William  H.  Mitchell,  2d  vice-presi- 
dent ;  W.  H.  Reid,  3d  vice-president ;  James  S.  Gibbs,  cashier ;  B.  M.  Chattel, 
assistant  cashier.  Directors:  L.  Z.  Leiter,  William  G.  Hibbard,  John  B. 
Drake,  John  J.  Mitchell,  John  McCaffery,  J.  C.  McMullin,  W.  H.  Reid,  William 
H.  Mitchell,  D.  B.  Shipman.  Among  the  stockholders  of  the  bank  are  the 
wealthiest  capitalists  and  merchants  of  Chicago,  including  L.  Z.  Leiter,  J. 
Russell  Jones,  Marshall  Field,  Albert  Keep,  Philip  D.  Armour,  Robert  Law, 
J.  C.  McMullin.  Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Adams  sts. 

Industrial  Bank  of  Chicago.—  Located  in  its  new  fire-proof  building,  652 
Blue  Island  ave.,  near  the  corner  of  Twentieth  st.  Commenced  business 
August  10,  18°1.  A  general  banking  business  is  transacted.  Situated  in  the 
most  Important  industrial  district  in  Chicago,  three  miles  southwest  from 
the  business  center,  and  has  a  population  of  over  80,000,  the  need  of  a  bank 
here  has  long  been  felt  by  the  leading  lumbermen,  manufacturers  and  busi- 
ness men  and  is  now  fully  appreciated  by  liberal  support.  This  institution 
also  conducts  the  Industrial  Safety  Vaults,  having  one  of  the  finest  burglar 
and  fire-proof  vaults  in  the  city,  with  a  capacity  of  2,000  boxes.  The  bank  is 


160  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

governed  by  the  following-  board  of  directors:  Louis  Hutt,  lumberman; 
B.  M.  Hair,  of  Hair  &  Ridgeway,  lumbermen  and  box  makers;  W.  O.  Good- 
man, of  Sawyer,  Goodman  &  Co.,  lumbermen;  J.  B.  Goodman,  of  Sawyer, 
Goodman  &  Co.,  lumbermen;  A.  H.  Andrews,  of  A.  H.  Andrews  &  Co.,  manu- 
facturers of  office  furniture;  H.  D.  Cable,  president  of  the  Chicago  Cottage 
Organ  Co. ;  D.  S.  Tate,  lumberman ;  John  G.  Schaar  and  General  A.  L. 
Chetlain.  Its  officers  are :  President,  A.  L.  Chetlain ;  first  vice-president, 
Louis  Hutt;  second  vice-president,  B.  M.  Hair;  cashier,  John  G.  Schaar; 
assistant  cashier,  J.  E.  Henriqnes. 

International  Bank. — Organized  October  21,  1868,  as  the  International 
Mutual  Trust  Company,  and  was  changed  to  its  present  name  in  1871.  The 
first  officers  were:  Frances  A.  Hoffman,  president;  Julius Busch,  vice-presi- 
dent ;  and  Rudolph  Schloesser,  cashier.  Present  officers :  B.  Loewenthal, 
president ;  Leo.  Fox,  vice-president ;  Bernhard  Neu,  cashier.  Mr.  Loewenthal, 
the  president,  became  connected  with  the  bank  in  1870. 

Meadowcroft  Bros.,  Bankers.  —  Established  1860.  This  banking  house 
offers  every  facility  for  individuals  or  merchants  who  contemplate  opening 
an  account  or  making  changes.  Aside  from  the  ordinary  conveniences  of 
having  banking  connections  the  depositor  can  make  his  selection  from 
diffei-ent  classes  of  deposit  contracts,  either  certificates  bearing  interest  or 
special  deposits  with  interest.  Those  desiring  safe  investment  for  their 
funds  can  be  supplied  with  good  real  estate  securities,  or  have  orders  for 
any  bonds  or  stocks  executed.  The  bank  is  enabled  to  offer  the  advantages 
of  European  correspondents,  both  in  buying  and  selling.  Location,  N.  W. 
Cor.  Dearborn  and  Washington  sts. 

Merchants  Loan  and  Trust  Company.— Organized,  under  the  laws  of  the 
State  of  Illinois,  in  1857.  Capital,  $2,000,000;  surplus,  $1,000,000;  undivided 
profits,  $613,430.  The  trustees  are :  Marshall  Field,  C.  H.  McCormick,  John 
DeKoven,  Albert  Keep,  John  Tyrrell,  Lambert  Tree,  J.  W.  Doane,  P.  L.  Yoe, 
George  M.  Pullman,  A.  H.  Burley,  E.  T.  Watkins,  Erskine  M.  Phelps,  Orson 
Smith.  Present  officers :  J.  W.  Doane,  president ;  Orson  Smith,  vice-presi- 
dent; F.  C.  Osborn,  cashier.  This  is  the  oldest  and  one  of  the  greatest 
banking  houses  in  Chicago.  The  Merchants  Loan  and  Trust  Company 
does  the  general  work  of  a  modern  trust  company  and  that  of  a  bank  of 
discount  as  well. 

Milwaukee  Avenue  State  Bank.— Location  Milwaukee  ave.  and  Carpenter 
st.  Take  Milwaukee  ave.  cable  line.  Capital,  $250,000.  Successor  to  the 
banking  house  of  Paul  O.  Stensland  &  Co.,  the  leading  financial  institution 
of  the  northwestern  section  of  the  city.  The  former  bank  had  built  up  a  very 
large  business  with  the  tradespeople  of  Milwaukee  ave.  and  the  great  manu- 
facturing concers  contiguous  to  that  important  thorough  are.  For  this  reason 
it  became  necessary  to  increase  its  capital  stock  and  facilities,  and  an  organ- 
ization under  the  State  banking  laws  was  effected  on  September  15,  1891, 
when  the  Milwaukee  Avenue  State  Bank  was  incorporated.  The  officers  of 
the  bank  are :  President,  Paul  O.  Stensland ;  vice-president,  Andrew  C. 
Lausten ;  cashier,  Charles  E.  Schlytern ;  attorney,  Donald  L.  Morill.  Direc- 
tors: John  P.  Hansen,  F.  H.  Herhold,  William  Johnson,  M.  A.  LaBuy,  A.  C. 
Lausten,  John  McLaren,  Thomas  G.  Morris,  John  Schermann,  John  Smulski, 
Paul  O.  Stensland  and  Soren  D.  Thorson.  The  stockholders  are  all  repre- 
sentative business  and  professional  men.  Among  the  more  prominent  are: 
Franklin  S.  Anderson,  of  John  Anderson  Publishing  Co. ;  John  P.  Hansen, 
cigar  manufacturer;  F.  Herhold  &  Sons,  chair  manufacturers;  A.  J.  John- 
son &  Sons,  furniture  manufacturers;  William  Johnson,  vessel  owner: 
Peter  Kiolbassa,  city  treasurer;  Andrew  C.  Lausten,  president  Northwest- 
ern Lead  &  Oil  Co. ;  Richard  Prendergast,  attorney ;  Morris  Rosenfeld, 
capitalist ;  Jesse  Spaulding,  president  Spaulding  Lumber  Co. ;  Paul  O. 
Stensland,  Soren  D.  Thorson,  of  Central  Manufacturing  Co.,  and  John  R. 
Walsh,  president  Chicago  National  Bank.  The  capital  stock  of  the  bank  is 
$250,000;  undivided  profits  atlast  report,  $29,591.42.  This  bank  does  a  general 
business  and  in  addition  has  a  savings  department.  Teachers,  clerks, 
artisans  and  wage-workers  generally,  will  find  this  a  convenient  and  safe 


162  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

place  for  their  savings.  Deposits  received  in  this  department  in  amounts 
of  one  dollar  and  upwards,  and  interest  allowed  at  the  usual  rates.  This 
bank  sells  exchange  and  money  orders  on  foreign  countries  at  the  lowest 
market  rates.  Drafts,  payable  on  demand,  drawn  on  all  principal  cities  in 
Europe,  and  remittances  made  to  any  address  without  risk  to  the  purchaser. 
Foreign  money  bought  and  sold.  Connected  with  this  bank  are  the  Milwau- 
kee ave.  Safe  Deposit  vaults,  where  private  boxes  for  the  safe  keeping  of 
documents  and  other  valuables,  are  rented  at  $5.00  per  year,  Entrance 
through  the  bank.  The  high  standing  and  popularity  of  the  president  of 
the  bank  in  his  capacity  of  a  private  citizen,  brings  to  the  institution,  of 
which  he  is  the  head,  the  confidence  of  the  public.  Mr.  Stensland's  time  is 
given  almost  wholly  to  the  conduct  of  this  institution,  and  it  gives  promise 
of  ranking  among  the  great  banking  houses  of  the  city  before  very  long. 

Northern  Trust  Company.— Organized  under  the  jurisdiction  and  super- 
vision of  the  State  of  Illinois,  August,  1889.  Capital  fully  paid  in  $l,000,OuO. 
Present  officers:  Byron  L.  Smith,  president;  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  vice- 
president;  Arthur  Heurtley,  cashier;  Frank  L.  Hankey,  assistant  cashier. 
Directors:  A.  C.  Bartlett,  J.  Harley  Bradley,  H.  N.  Higinbotham,  Marvin 
Hughitt,  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  A.  O.  Slaughter,  Martin  A.  Ryerson,  Albert 
A.  Sprague,  Byron  L.  Smith.  Location  of  banking  house,  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce building,  S.  E.  Cor.  Washington  and  La  Salle  sts. 

Peabody,  Houghteling  &  Co.,  59  Dearborn  st.,  Investment  Bankers. — Some 
years  before  the  fire  of  1871  the  extensive  business  done  by  this  firm  in 
mortgage  loans  upon  real  estate  in  Cook  county  had  its  origin.  Mr.  Benja- 
min E.  Gallup  was  associated  with  Mr.  Peabody  in  the  business,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Gallup  &  Peabody,  until  1875  or  1876.  The  firm  earned  a  high 
reputation  for  ability  and  conservatism,  and  enjoyed  the  confidence  of  a 
large  list  of  investors.  From  and  after  January,  1876,  Mr.  Ga-llup's  connec- 
tion with  the  business  having  terminated,  the  business  was  conducted  under 
the  firm  name  of  Francis  D.  Peabody  &  Co.  Mr.  James  L.  Hough teling  became 
a  partner  in  the  business  January  1,  1885,  and  since  the  name  of  the  house 
has  been  as  indicated  in  the  caption  of  this  sketch.  Their  business  has  kept 
pace  with  the  growth  of  the  city,  and  they  are  now  reputed  to  do  the  leading 
business  in  mortgage  loans  in  this  city.  They  are  known  to  exercise  the 
greatest  care  in  the  valuations  of  real  estate  offered  for  loans,  in  the  exami- 
nation of  titles  and  in  ascertaining  the  character  and  responsibility  of  bor- 
rowers. By  reason  of  their  long  experience,  fair  dealing,  promptness  and 
available  capital,  they  are  enabled  in  all  conditions  of  the  money  market  to 
select  the  best  securities  and  to  deal  with  the  most  responsible  class  of  bor- 
rowers. They  have  contributed  very  largely  in  making  loans  upon  Chicago 
property,  the  most  popular  and  desirable  of  investments.  Their  clientage, 
already  very  extensive,  is  rapidly  growing,  and  embraces  some  of  the  most 
prominent  financial  and  educational  institutions,  both  in  the  East  and  in 
Chicago.  The  first  mortgages  (principal  and  interest  payable  in  gold)  they 
have  constantly  in  hand  are  bought  largely  for  the  investment  of  trust 
funds,  where  safety  and  a  fair  rate  of  interest  can  be  combined. 

Peterson  &  Bay,  Bankers.— Established  1873.  Andrew  Peterson  and  Geo. 
P.  Bay,  owners;  deal  in  investment  securities,  foreign  exchange,  mortgage 
loans,  make  collections  and  do  a  general  real  estate  business.  Location  of 
banking  house,  S.  W.  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Randolph  sts. 

Schaffner  &  Co.,  Bankers.— Established  January,  1878.  One  of  the  larg- 
est and  most  responsible  private  banking  houses  in  the  country.  Herman 
Schaffner  and  A.  G.  Becker,  proprietors  and  managers.  Makes  a  specialty  of 
handling  commercial  paper  and  dealing  with  mandfacturing  and  business 
firms.  Annual  business  transacted,  about  $35,000,000.  Its  business  is  not 
confined  to  the  securities  and  paper  of  this  country,  but  is  has  extensive 
foreign  dealings  as  well.  The  firm  has  few  equals  in  the  amount  of  the 
actual  moneyed  transactions  made  in  any  <5f  the  eastern  cities.  The  suc- 
cessful handling  of  the  immense  amount  of  paper  as  shown  by  a  single 
year's  business,  is  as  highly  gratifying  as  it  is  commendatory  of  the  finan- 
cial ability  and  acumen  of  the  members  of  the  firm.  Location,  100  Wash- 
ington st. 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  163 

Slaughter,  A.  0.  &  Co.— Located  at  111-113  LaSalle  st.  (Chamber  of  Com- 
merce bldg.).A.  O.  Slaughter  and  William  V.  Baker,  proprietors.  Mr. 
Slaughter  has  been  in  business  here  for  over  twenty -five  years,  and  is  con- 
sidered the  best  informed  authority  on  railroad  bonds  and  stocks  in  the  city. 
Mr.  Baker  is  of  the  old  firm  of  Baker  &  Parmele,  which  started  as  bankers 
and  brokers  in  1886.  Mr.  Parmele  died  in  May,  1890.  The  firm  of  A.  O. 
Slaughter  &  Co.  was  etablished  in  July,  1890.  This  house  ranks  among  the 
most  solid  and  reliable  institutions  of  Chicago.  Mr.  Slaughter's  prominence 
in  social  and  business  circles  is  indicative  of  the  high  estimation  in  which 
he  is  held  on  all  sides.  Mr.  Baker  takes  a  foremost  position  among  the  skill- 
ful bank  executives  of  the  city.  The  management  of  the  finances  of  many 
great  enterprises  has  been  intrusted  to  this  firm  during  recent  years.  It  is 
considered  one  of  the  most  carefully  conducted  private  banking  establish- 
ments in  the  country. 

State  Bank  of  Chicago.— Located,  at  the  N.  E.  Cor.  LaSalle  and  Lake  sts. 
(Marine  bldg.).  Formerly  the  private  banking  house  of  Haugan  &  Lindgren, 
established  originally  1879.  New  bank  established  February  10,  1891.  Cash 
capital,  $500,000.  Officers:  H.  A.  Haugan,  president;  John.  H.  Dwight,  vice- 
president;  John  R.  Lindgren,  cashier. 

BUILDINGS,  THE  NOTABLE  STRUCTURES. 

During  our  ten  days  trip  around  the  city,  we  have  seen  many  of 
the  great  structures  which  have  made  Chicago  famous  abroad.  Some  of 
these  were  described  at  length,  others  merely  noticed  as  we  passed  by  them. 
A  complete  list  of  the  notable  public  and  private  structures  of  the  city  is 
given  below,  with  something  of  their  dimensions,  architecture  and  history. 
A  great  deal  of  interesting  information  regarding  the  Chicago  or  "Chicago- 
esque"  type  of  architecture,  the  method  of  constructing  the  steel  frame 
buildings,  etc.,  will  be  found  in  the  Ten  Days  Trip,  or  guide  department  of 
this  volume.  [For  statistical  matter  with  reference  to  real  estate  and  build- 
ings, see  "Appendix."] 

STEEL  CONSTRUCTION. — Chicago  is  rapidly  becoming  a  city  of  steel  from 
the  enormous  quantity  of  that  material  used  in  the  great  down -town  build- 
ings. This  extensive  use  of  rolled  steel  for  the  skeletons  of  massive  sky- 
scrapers has  not  only  revolutionized  the  style  of  building,  but  it  has  as  well 
created  anew  industry.  The  Chicago  Opera  House  "was  the  first  fire  proof 
building  in  the  city  in  which  this  radical  departure  in  building  rules  was 
made.  The  floor  beems  were  those  first  used  of  steel.  The  columns  were  of 
cast  iron.  Then  followed  the  Rookery,  Counselman,  Gaff  and  Board  of  Trade 
buildings,  all  with  steel  beams  and  cast  iron  columns.  But  steel  is  gradu- 
ally replacing  cast  iron  for  columns.  The  Rand-McNally  building  was  the 
first  in  which  steel  was  used  exclusively.  But  the  Monadnock,  Pontiac, 
Caxton,  Northern  Hotel,  Masonic  and  Temperance  Temples,  the  new 
Athletic  Club  building,  the  Ashland  building,  the  Cook  County  Abstract 
building  and  the  Fair  building,  are  all  steel  structures.  The  steel  used 
besides  the  beams  and  columns  is  found  in  the  frames  of  bay  windows,  roof 
work,  supports  for  roofs— in  fact,  everything  that  assists  in  holding  the 
weight  of  the  building.  The  foundations  also  are  of  steel. 

WHERE  THE  STEEL  COMES  FROM. — This  steel  comes  from  various  points. 
Almost  all  the  heavy  steel  rails  used  in  foundations  are  made  by  the  Illinois 
Steel  Company  here  in  Chicago.  These  are  the  regular  rails  in  use  on  rail- 
ways. Rails  are  made  to  weigh  from  sixty  to  eighty  pounds  to  the  yard  in 
length.  The  seventy-five  pound  rails  are  the  ones  used  in  foundations.  Those 
foundations  are  laid  deep,  of  tiers  of  rails  crossed,  and  are  extended  always 
into  the  street  or  alley  beyond  the  building  line,  the  distance  varying  accord- 
ing to  the  height  and  weight  of  the  building.  To  illustrate:  Under  the 
Fair  building  foundation  rails  reach  out  twelve  feet  under  the  street  and 
nine  feet  under  the  alley.  Of  the  steel  beams  90  per  cent,  comes  from  Pitts- 


164  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

burg,  from  the  mills  of  Carnegie,  Phipps  &  Co.  and  Jones  &  Laughlin.  A 
heavy  trade  in  beams  is  also  done  in  Pottsville,  Pa. ;  Trenton,  N.  J.,  and 
Phoenixville,  Pa.  Certain  sizes  of  steel  beams  are  made  by  the  Illinois 
Steel  Company. 

COST  OF  STEEL  BuiLDiNG.-*-Steel  columns  and  beams  are  worth  $75  a  ton 
delivered  in  Chicago.  The  combination  price  of  steel  beams  is  $3.20  a  hun- 
dred pounds  without  any  fittings,  Chicago  delivery.  Small  materials  in  steel 
for  such  as  windows  and  roof  work  cost  from  3  to  5  cents  a  pound.  The 
price  on  steel  varies  but  little,  as  the  mills  have  an  agreement  and  there  are 
but  trifling  deviations.  As  to  relative  cost  of  a  steel-ribbed  building  to-day 
and  one  of  the  best  styled  structures,  say,  ten  years  ago,  the  modern  one  is 
the  more  expensive,  for  labor  is  costlier  now  than  then.  What  really  gave 
birth  to  this  steel  style  of  construction  was  the  fact  that  none  of  the  down- 
town Chicagoaris  wanted  to  leave  the  center  of  the  city.  Land  space  grew 
more  valuable  and  taller  buildings  became  a  necessity.  The  principal 
advantage  of  steel  ones  over  the  old  style  construction  is  that  the  building 
can  be  made  higher  with  safety.  The  style  is  lighter  and  stronger  than  the 
old  method,  too.  Steel  is  succeeding  cast  iron.  This  is  largely  due  to  the  fact 
that  there  is  no  practicable  way  of  testing  cast  iron,  while  there  is  of  steel. 
None  of  the  manufacturers  have  ever  made  a  machine  to  test  cast  iron. 
Cast  iron  columns  are  cast  hollow  while  lying  horizontally.  The  metal 
which  is  poured  in,  by  running  round  the  core  to  the  bottom  first,  may 
press  the  core  upward,  so  that  on  cooling  the  upper  side  of  the  column 
may  be  thinner  than  the  under  side.  Again,  there  may  be  air  bubbles 
form  between  two  currents  of  molten  metal.  What  inspection  is  made  is 
to  look  for  those  two  defects.  One  method  to  determine  the  thickness  is  to 
bore  small  holes  through  the  column,  but  there  is  absolutely  no  way  to  dis- 
cover those  air  bubbles.  The  only  other  test  is  to  set  the  column  on  end  and 
bring  an  enormous  hydraulic  pressure  to  bear  on  it.  Cast  iron  columns  are 
fastened  together  in  the  building  by  bolts  screwed  on,  while  steel  columns 
are  riveted  together  in  the  building  with  red-hot  rivets.  This  makes  the 
structure  more  solid. 

TESTING  STEEL  COLUMNS.— The  manner  of  testing  steel  is  thorough.  The 
steel  used  is  the  Bessemer,  and  is  rolled  between  wheels  under  a  tremendous 
pressure.  Air  bubbles  are  pressed  out.  The  columns  are  not  round".  They 
are  made  in  plate  form  and  riveted.  They  can  be  seen  on  all  sides  so  as  to 
determine  their  thickness.  The  inspection  is  elaborate.  The  inspectors  take 
a  quantity  of  ore  out  of  each  "blow"  and  test  it  as  to  the  quality  of  the 
steel  it  will  make.  If  it  is  not  up  to  the  requirements  bxiilders  take  no  steel 
made  from  that  "blow."  It  is  inspected  and  tested  again  when  the  steel  is 
made  and  again  while  it  is  being  put  together,  and  if  found  defective  at  any 
point  it  is  not  used.  Again,  every  piece  of  structural  steel  is  numbered;  not 
only  that,  but  the  ore  is  designated  that  shall  go  into  a  certain  piece  of 
steel.  So  thoroughly  is  this  followed  in  detail  and  recorded  that  a  builder  by 
referring  to  his  office  record  can  trace  back  the  course  of  any  piece  of  steel 
in  a  building  through  the  three  stages  of  inspection,  back  to  its  original  ore 
shape.  In  case  of  an  accident  he  could  thus  locate  the  responsibility. 

INSPECTION  OF  STEEL. — One  of  those  inspections  tests  the  breaking  power 
of  the  steel,  and  builders  load  a  building  above  one-fifth  of  that  breaking 
power.  In  calculating  so  as  to  insure  safety,  they  figure  first  on  the  straight 
downward  pressure,  then  on  the  resistance  of  the  wind.  Besides  this,  on 
the  tops  of  all  these  big  office  buildings  are  great  water  tanks  to  furnish 
water  to  run  elevators  and  for  the  bowls,  as  the  city  water  pi-essure  does 
not  drive  water  to  the  top  of  the  sky-scrapers.  Those  full  tanks  are  of  tre- 
mendous weight.  There  must  be  extra  support  for  their  weight.  Then  the 
strain  on  an  elevator  is  enormous  at  times.  If  filled  with  people,  it  is  going 
down  rapidly  and  suddenly  stops,  the  columns  supporting  that  elevator 
must  be  extra  strong  or  something  will  break.  There  are  dozens  of  things  that 
must  be  allowed  for.  It's  a  trade,  a  profession  by  itself,  and  there's  plenty 
of  room  for  thinking  in  it.  Every  precaution  is  taken  to  guard  against 
accident  and  to  assure  safety;  that  is  to  say,  among  those  architects  and 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

THOMSON  TAYLOR  SPICE     CO'S  BUILDING. 

[See  "  Western  Industry.'" 


166  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

builders  of  the  city  who  have  devoted  great  time  to  this  class  of  structures 
and  whose  names  are  identified  in  the  public  mind  with  this  Chicago  style 
of  architecture. 

Adams  Express  Building.— Location,  east  side  of  Dearborn  st.,  between 
Monroe  and  Adams  sts.  A  beautiful  office  structure  of  massive  proportions. 
Elegantly  finished. 

American  Express  Building. — Location,  south  side  of  Monroe  st.,  between 
Dearborn  and  State  sts.  A  massive  solid  granite  structure  erected  by  the 
American  Express  Company  for  the  accommodation  of  its  central  office,  and 
as  an  office  building. 

Armour  Institute. — Location,  Armour  ave.  near  33d  st.  Five  stories  high. 
Cost,  $500,000.  [See  "  Armour  Training  School."]  The  new  building  faces  the 
Armour  Mission  and  the  Armour  Flats.  Absolutely  no  expense  has  been 
spared  in  its  erection.  There  is  a  beautiful  and  lavish  use  of  marble,  the 
wainscoting  being  of  that  material  on  every  floor,  and  marble  columns  and 
arches  appearing  in  profusion.  In  the  basement  is  placed  the  electric 
plant,  and  here  are  located  the  students  in  forging  and  iron  work.  On  the 
first  floor  is  a  superbly  lighted  library,  sixty  feet  square.  Wood- working 
rooms  and  the  rooms  for  reception  and  for  the  president  of  the  institute  are 
also  located  here.  On  the  second  floor  are  the  chemical  laboratory,  the 
chemical  lecture  room,  the  physical  laboratory,  the  physical  apparatus 
roDm,  the  physical  lecture  room,  and  electrical  rooms.  The  third  floor  is 
used  by  students  in  free-hand  drawing,  mechanical  and  architectural  draw- 
ing, and  in  commerce  and  business.  The  fourth  floor  is  devoted  to  the 
domestic  sciences — there  being  departments  of  cooking,  dressmaking,  milli- 
nei-y,  and  kindred  studies.  On  this  floor  are  also  recitation,  lecture,  and 
class  rooms.  At  one  end  01  the  fifth  floor  is  the  gymnasium— 60x53  feet.  At 
the  other  end  is  the  technical  museum.  Connecting  the  two  are  dressing-rooms 
for  the  gymnasium  and  elaborate  tath-rooms  fitted  up  in  white  marble. 

Art  Institute.— Location,  Lake  Front,  site  of  the  old  Inter-State  Exposi- 
tion building,  main  entrance  foot  of  Adams  st.  Within  easy  walking  dis- 
tance of  all  railroad  stations,  street  car  terminals,  hotels,  etc.,  in  the  heart 
of  the  business  center.  This  magnificent  structure  takes  the  place  of  the 
old  Art  Institute,  Michigan  ave.  and  Van  Buren  st.,  which  has  passed  into 
the  possession  of  the  Chicago  Club.  The  design  of  the  new  institute  was 
prepared  by  architects  Shipley,  Rutan  and  Coolidge,  in  accordance  with 
the  ideas  of  the  Committee  on  Buildings.  The  structure  has  a  frontage  of 
320  feet  on  Michigan  ave.,  the  main  depth  is  175  feet,  with  projections  mak- 
ing 208  feet.  The  plan  is  that  of  a  parallelogram.  It  consists  of  two  stories ; 
the  first  being  devoted  to  plaster  casts,  sculptures,  busts,  models,  etc. ;  the 
second  to  pictures,  being  lighted  by  skylights  from  above.  The  main  gal- 
leries are  27  feet  wide  and  the  second  galleries  12  feet  wide.  The  main 
staircase  is  directly  in  front  as  the  visitor  enters.  On  one  side  is  a  lecture 
room  capable  of  seating  1,000  people,  and  on  the  other  a  library  in  which 
are  kept  the  reference  books  pertaining  to  art.  The  plan  of  the  picture  gal- 
leries is  similar  to  that  of  the  statuary  halls  below,  except  that  most  of  the 
rooms  are  lighted  by  skylights.  The  whole  building  is  constructed  of  Bed- 
ford limestone,  with  a  base  of  granite  extending  to  the  water  table.  The 
lower  portion  is  rusticated  as  far  as  the  top  of  the  first  floor.  Above  this  is 
a  plain  band  of  chiseled  stone,  and  surmounting  this  are  panels  filled  with 
statuary.  Surmounting  this  are  an  entablature  and  cornice  richly  deco- 
rated, the  effect  of  which  is  highly  increased  by  the  plain  surface  below. 
The  idea  of  the  interior  is  to  keep  the  main  masses  plain  and  simple,  group- 
ing the  richness  in  certain  places  which  are  important  in  the  design  of  the 
building.  The  roof  is  of  copper  and  glass  and  presents  an  ornate  and 
artistic  appearance.  The  entrance  hall  is  marble,  and  the  principal  feature 
is  the  grand  staircase,  which  is  fifty  feet  square.  This  is  lighted  by  a  large 
skylight  overhead,  and  an  arcade  is  formed  by  arches  on  all  four  sides. 
The  marble  work  of  the  staircase  is  white,  and  the  decoration  is  in  keeping 
with  it.  The  vestibule  is  in  marble  and  mosaic,  and  beyond  this  is  the 
entrance  hall,  which  is  in  marble  with  mosaic  floors  and  ceiling.  The  <?:il- 


•:,  \KiiAL  INFORMATION.  167 


levies  lead  out  from  this  from  either  side,  and  are  entered  through  arched 
opening's.  The  plans  provided  for  the  use  of  hollow  brick  inner  walls  over- 
laid with  one  and  one-half  inch  planks,  covered  with  canvass,  which  allows 
heavy  pictures  to  be  screwed  to  the  walls  where  most  convenient.  The 
building  is  lighted  by  electricity,  and  all  modern  improvements  are  used. 
It  has  been  decided  by  the  Art  Institute  Trustees  not  to  build  the  grand 
staircase  and  central  wing  until  after  the  close  of  the  World's  Fair.  The 
present  staircase  is  a  double  one,  eight  feet  wide,  and  will  furnish  ample 
room.  The  building  stands  as  far  back  from  the  Michigan  ave.  sidewalk  as 
it  <-an  be  placed,  and  furnish  room  for  a  roadway  between  it  and  the  Illinois 
Central  tracks.  The  entrance  to  the  vestibule  is  through  three  arched 
openings.  The  funds  for  the  construction  of  the  Art  Museum  were  derived 
from  three  sources.  The  Art  Institute,  by  the  sale  of  its  old  building  to  the 
Chicago  Club,  realized  $275,000;  the  World's  Fair  Directory  contributed 
$200,000,  and  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  president  of  the  Art  Institute,  raised 
by  private  subscription  $120,000.  This  makes  a  total  of  $595,000. 

Ashland  Block.  —  Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  Clark  and  Randolph  sts.  Planned 
by  Architect  D.  H.  Burnham.  Property  leased  from  A.  G.  Alexander,  of 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  by  R.  A.  Waller,  of  this  city,  and  L.  Broadhead,  of 
Kentucky,  for  a  term  of  years.  This  building  is  sixteen  stories  high,  with 
a  frontage  on  Clark  st.  of  140  feet  and  80  feet  on  Randolph  st.  The  exterior 
is  classical.  The  windows  of  the  lower  stories  are  recessed  and  end  in  an 
arch  at  the  third  story.  The  principal  entrance  is  from  Clark  st.  and  is 
twenty-one  feet  wide.  This  extends  to  a  height  of  two  and  a  half  stories 
and  is  finished  in  terra  cotta  of  a  delicate  design.  The  first  story  has  eight 
stores  on  the  Clark  st.  side  and  three  on  Randolph  st.  The  second  floor 
contains  several  spacious  banking  rooms  17  feet  high  and  the  remaining 
floors  are  divided  into  about  350  offices.  Seven  elevators  are  placed  in  the 
rear  hall  of  the  building.  This  building  was  ready  for  occupancy  in  May, 
1892. 

Athenaeum  Building.—  Location,  18  to  26  Van  Buren  st.  A  magnificent 
structure  erected  for  the  Athenaeum  ("  The  Peoples  College  ").  A  portion 
of  the  building  is  given  up  to  art  studios,  the  Chicago  Society  of  Artists, 
etc.  [See  "  Educational."] 

Athletic  Club  Building.  —  Location,  Michigan  ave.,  between  Madison  and 
Monroe  sts.  The  building  was  just  about  completed  when  afire  very  nearly 
destroyed  it.  It  would  have  been  wholly  destroyed  were  it  not  a  fire-proof 
structure.  As  it  was,  however,  the  walls  and  floors  were  practically  unin- 
jured, although  everything  of  a  combustible  nature  in  the  interior  went  up 
in  smoke.  The  idea  of  organizing  the  Chicago  Athletic  Association  and  pro- 
viding for  it  a  suitable  home  originated  with  one  or  two  of  its  present  mem- 
bers in  January,  1889.  The  object  of  the  association  is  to  encourage  manly 
sports  and  to  promote  physical  culture.  Its  present  membership  is  about 
2,000,  including  many  of  the  leading  business  and  professional  men  of  the 
city.  The  building  was  begun  in  February,  1891  ;  it  contains  the  largest  and 
best  equipped  athletic  club  house  in  the  United  States,  and  its  cost  was  over 
$500,000.  The  ground  upon  which  it  stands  measures  80x172  feet.  The  build- 
ing is  of  a  substantial  character,  with  a  front  of  yellowish  brick  and  gray 
stone  in  Venetian  style,  with  tall  diamond-cut  windows  covering  the  fourth 
and  fifth  floors,  which  are  thrown  into  one  so  as  to  give  ample  height  to  the 
gymnasium.  The  eighth  story  has  balconies  large  enough  to  set  tables  and 
chairs  upon  for  those  who  want  to  enjoy  the  fresh  air  and  the  prospect  upon 
Lake  Michigan.  That  floor  is  used  for  the  dining  rooms.  The  ninth  and 
tenth  stories  have  no  windows,  being  lighted  by  skylights,  as  they  are  set 
apart  for  the  ball  courts.  The  basement  contains  eight  bowling  alleys, 
reaching  under  the  sidewalk  ;  a  shooting  gallery  running  the  whole  depth 
of  the  building;  a  bicycle  storage  room,  with  lockers,  and  connected  by  an 
incline  with  the  bicycle  club  room  on  the  first  floor;  large  storage  and 
repair  rooms  and  the  boilers  and  machinery.  The  first  story  is  reached  by  a 
spacious  vestibule  in  the  center  of  the  front,  with  the  business  office  and 
reception  and  coat  rooms  on  either  side.  A  large  hall  at  the  top  of  the  steps 
opens  into  the  lavatory,  barber  shop  and  dressing  rooms,  back  of  which  are 


168  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

the  Turkish  and  Russian  baths,  a  swimming  tank  measuring  40  by  60  feet, 
and  a  lounging  room.  Another  door  leads  from  the  hall  to  the  bicycle 
clxib  room,  which  has  a  separate  entrance  from  the  street  to  admit 
wheelmen  and  their  machines,  the  object  being  to  make  it  con- 
venient for  bicyclists  to  ride  up  to  the  door  of  the  building,  store  their 
machines,  put  on  their  business  suits  and  leave  their  wheels  there  during 
the  day.  The  second  story  consists  of  a  large  hall  in  front,  with  a  cafe  at 
the  south  end,  separated  by  a  colonnade  and  a  billiard  room  with  six  tables. 
Between  the  two  main  rooms  are  small  apartments  for  the  billiard-markers, 
and  lavatory  and  serving  room.  The  third  floor  contains  a  library  and 
reading  room  at  the  southeast  end,  with  two  club  rooms< adjoining,  lavatory, 
drying  rooms,  linen  room  and  office.  The  rear  half  is*  given  up  to  thirty- 
seven  baths,  with  1,500  lockers  and  106  dressing  rooms.  The  gymnasium 
occupies  the  fourth  and  fifth  stories.  These  rooms  are  used  for  special 
apparatus,  leaving  for  the  gymnasium  proper  a  larger  space  than  is  given 
in  any  other  similar  institution  in  the  country,  The  running  track  is  on  a 
balcony  at  the  height  of  the  fifth  story,  so  as  not  t  o  interfere  with  the  work 
of  gymnasts.  The  length  of  the  track  is  ten  laps  to  the  mile.  The  sixth  and 
seventh  stories  are  occupied  by  bed  rooms,  sixty-six  in  number,  with  the 
necessary  baths  and  other  requisites.  The  eighth  story  is  taken  up  by  din- 
ing rooms,  there  being  one  large  general  dining  room  and  several  private 
rooms,  with  the  store  rooms,  kitchen,  etc.,  in  the  rear.  The  balconies  on 
this  floor  can  be  used  by  dinner  parties.  The  ninth  and  tenth  stories  are 
thrown  into  one  and  contain  two  racquet  courts,  a  tennis  court  and  five 
courts  with  a  parlor  and  marker's  rooms.  Everything  is  finished  with  more 
regard  to  substantiality  than  elegance. 

Auditorium.— Location,  Wabash  ave.  Congress  st.  and  Michigan  blvd., 
within  walking  distance  of  the  principal  hotels,  railroad  stations  and  street 
«?ar  terminals.  Total  street  frontage  on  Wabash  ave.,  Michigan  ave.  and 
Congress  St.,  710  feet;  height  of  main  building  (10  stories),  145  feet;  height 
of  tower  above  main  building  (eight  floors),  95  feet;  height  of  lantern 
towrer  above  main  tower  (two  floors),  30  feet;  total  height,  270  feet.  The 
Auditorium  building  includes:  First— The  Auditorium,  permanent  seat- 
ing capacity  over  4,000;  for  conventions,  etc.  (for  which  the  stage  will 
be  utilized),  about  8,000.  Second— Recital  Hall,  seats  500.  Third— Business 
portion,  consists  of  stores  and  136  offices,  part  of  which  are  in  the  tower. 
Fourth — Tower  Observatory,  to  which  the  public  are  admitted  (25  cents  for 
adults,  15  cents  for  children).  U.  S.  Signal  Service  occupies  part  of  the 
17th,  18th  and  19th  floors  of  the  tower.  These  departments  of  the  building 
are  managed  by  the  Chicago  Auditorium  Association.  Fifth — Auditorium 
Hotel,  has  400  guest  rooms.  The  grand  dining-room  (175  feet  long)  and  the 
kitchen  are  on  the  top  floor.  The  magnificent  banquet  hall  is  built  of  steel, 
on  trusses,  spanning  120  feet  over  the  Aiaditorium.  [See  "  Auditorium 
Hotel."]  The  hotel  is  leased  and  managed  by  the  Auditorium  Hotel  Com- 
pany, J.  H.  Breslin,  of  New  York,  president;  R.  H.  Southgate,  vice-presi- 
dent and  manager. 

AUDITORIUM  ENTRANCE.— The  Auditorium  has  several  entrances,  but  the 
main  one  is  on  Congress  st.  The  arches  spring  from  four  marble 
columns,  whose  immense  size  is  lost  sight  of  in  the  general  effect.  Passing 
through  the  bronze  doors  the  spectator  finds  himself  in  a  court  whose 
beauties  compare  with  anything  in  the  building.  Marble,  bronze  carvings, 
stained  glass  and  gold  have  been  fashioned  into  a  design  worthy  of  the 
structure  of  which  it  forms  a  part.  The  floor  is  inlaid  in  marble  mosaic 
work  of  intricate  designs.  Huge  polished  shafts  of  glittering  marble  are 
set  off  by  carvings  and  bronzes.  A  thousand  people  are  easily  accommo- 
dated in  it. 

AUDITORIUM  LOBBY. — The  first  adequate  idea  of  the  grandeur  of  the  Audi- 
torium and  the  general  style  of  its  decorations  is  obtained  on  entering  the 
lobby.  Here  is  in  itself  a  vast  hall,  with  a  score  of  polished  marble  columns 
supporting  arches,  which  form  a  fine  perspective.  The  floor  is  marble 
mosaic  worked  into  complicated  designs.  An  examination  of  this  floor  and 
a  knowledge  of  the  seemingly  endless  labor  required  to  lay  it  is  instructive 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

A.    H.    ANDREWS    &    CO.,    215    WABASH    AVE. 

[See  "Western  1<dustry."] 


170  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

as  showing  the  magnitude  of  the  work.  For  the  first  time  in  the  United 
States  the  mosaic  has  been  introduced  on  a  large  scale.  Those  who  have 
admired  the  results  attained  in  the  Rookery  building  will  know  what  to 
expect  from  the  Auditorium.  No  more  daring  thing  was  ever  attempted  in 
decorations.  There  was  but  one  precedent.  The  lobby  shows  it  to  advan- 
tage, although  the  effect  is  modified  by  the  more  brilliant  colors  of  the  mar- 
bles. Some  of  the  finest  marble  ever  brought  to  the  United  States  is  utilized 
in  the  construction  of  the  grand  staircases  which  open  from  the  right  side  of 
the  lobby.  The  most  exacting  care  was  taken  in  the  selection  of  this  mar- 
ble. Every  slab  is  a  painting  in  itself.  The  grand  staircase  is  marble, 
mahogany,  bronze  and  gold.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  examples  of  skill  in  the 
United  States.  The  lobby  is  plain  but  none  the  less  beautiful.  The  solid 
ivory  color  of  the  walls  is  kept  from  becoming  monotonous  by  the  use  of  a 
limited  amount  of  gold  leaf.  The  general  impression  is  one  of  vastness  an  ! 
anticipation.  Five  entrances  lead  from  the  lobby  to  the  parquet.  The  grand 
staircase  leads  to  the  foyer,  from  which  point  probably  the  best  general  view 
of  the  hall  can  be  had. 

AUDITORIUM  RECITAL  HALL. — Recital  Hall  is  finished  in  ivory  and  gold, 
and  the  decorations  are  fully  up  to  the  high  standard  fixed  in  the  Auditorium. 
This  hall  is  used  for  rehearsals,  concerts,  lectures,  etc.  Within  the  hall  are 
500  seats,  though  at  first  sight  the  impression  is  that  there  are  not  half  that 
number.  The  sky-light  is  a  pretty  piece  of  work,  in  which  the  stained  glass 
artist  is  seen  at  his  best.  The  shafts  are  decorated  in  gold  ornaments,  and 
in  all  the  room  not  a  line  foils. 

THE  AUDITORIUM.— The  designers  were  not  hampered  for  lack  of  room. 
Their  instructions  were  to  make  a  perfect  opera  house,  and  neither  time  nor 
money  was  spared  in  the  work.  The  distinguishing  triumph  attained  was 
the  designing  of  a  grand  opera  house  with  every  facility  for  entrance  and 
exit.  Eight  thousand  people  can  enter  and  leave  the  building  in  five  min- 
utes. There  are  fourty-four  figures  in  the  proscenium  arch-painting,  and 
every  one  of  them  is  worthy  p,f  an  hour's  study.  The  two  mural  paintings 
are  companion  pieces,  and  help  to  convey  to  the  visitors  the  inspiration  of 
the  artist.  In  the  mural 'paintings,  attempt  has  been  made  to  symbolize 
what  is  poetic  in  e very-day  life ;  the  proscenium  group  or  procession  is  alle- 
gorical, but  not  in  the  line  of  the  hackneyed  subjects  generally  introduced 
in  works  of  the  kind.  Next  to  the  proscenium  arch  the  two  mural  paintings, 
which  fill  the  grand  arches  on  opposite  sides  of  the  opera  house,  form  the 
finest  decorative  features  of  the  Auditorium.  The  two  paintings  conform  to 
the  sentiments  of  the  work  above  the  proscenium;  they  are  twenty-four 
feet  wide  at  the  base  and  twenty  and  a  half  feet  in  height.  On  the  south 
wall  is  "Spring,"  the  morning  of  life.  Below  the  painting  is  the  inscription: 

"Oh,  soft,  melodious  springtime, 

First-born  of  life  and  love." 
On  the  north  wall  is  "  Autumn  and  Winter,"  the  decadence  of  life. 

"  A  great  life  has  passed  into  the  tomb, 
"    And  there  awaits  the  requiem  of  winter's  snow." 

The  stairs  which  lead  into  the  foyer  are  worthy  of  mention.  Massive 
columns  of  marble  stand  on  either  side  of  a  broad  stairway  formed  of  mar- 
ble, bronze  and  rosewood.  The  floor  of  the  foyer  is  laid  in  Italian  mosaic 
work,  which  glows  like  precious  stones  under  the  hand  of  the  polisher.  The 
forty  boxes  are  finished  in  plush  and  silk.  The  drop  curtain,  with  its  hun- 
dreds of  yards  of  satin  and  plush  and  the  beautiful  gold  effect  s  produced 
thereon.  [See  "Auditorium  Theatre."] 

TOWER,  THE  AUDITORIUM. — On  clear,  pleasant  days  the  visitor  can  obtain 
a  magnificent  and  comprehensive  view  of  Chicago  and  its  environs  by  tak- 
ing a  trip  to  the  Auditorium  tower.  From  this  point  the  outlines  of  three 
states  skirting  on  Lake  Michigan  are  visible— Illinois,  Indiana  and  Mich- 
igan. Michigan  City  is  plainly  discernible  to  the  southeast  when  the 
atmosphere  is  clear.  South  Chicago,  with  its  immense  rolling  mills,  seems 
Close  at  hand.  To  the  north,  Gracelapd  and  Rose  Hill  cemeteries,  the  beaxj' 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  171 

tiful  suburban  villages  which  dot  the  north  shore,  and  Evanston,  with  its 
.University  group,  are  plainly  seen.  In  the  summer  season  Lake  Michigan, 
stretching  out  before,  you  presents  an  animated  appearance.  To  the  left, 
almost  at  your  feet,  is  the  mouth  of  the  Chicago  river,  from  which  or  toward 
which  propellers,  schooners  and  excursion  boats  are  constantly  moving. 
Fare  to  top  of  tower,  25  cents.  Take  elevator  at  Congress  street  entrance  to 
the  Auditorium.  Telescopes  are  furnished  free  to  visitors.  [For  other 
information  concerning  the  Auditorium,  see  "The  Guide,"  fifth  day.] 

Auditorium  Annex  or  Congress  Hotel.— Location,  S.  W.  Cor.  Mich- 
igan blvd.  and  Congress  St.;  10  stories  high;  little  exterior  ornamentation. 
The  exterior  features  are  three  round  corner  bays,  running  up  through  the 
building  and  the  heavy  overhanging  cornice.  There  are  two  immediate 
bays  on  the  Michigan  ave.  front  and  four  on  the  Congress  st.  front.  The 
building  resembles  the  Lexington  hotel  at  Michigan  blvd.  and  Twenty-sec- 
ond st.  Two  entrances  open  from  the  Michigan  ave.  side.  The  main 
entrance  opens  into  a  lobby  which  is  located  in  the  center  of  the  building 
under  a  light  court  60x80  feet.  The  steam  heating  and  electric  lighting 
plants  are  in  a  building  partially  detached  from  the  main  structure.  It  is 
on  the  south  line  of  the  property  on  a  lot  which  will  be  left  unimproved  to 
give  air  and  light.  A  marble-lined  tunnel  beneath  Congress  st.  connects 
this  building  with  the  Auditorium  hotel.  [See  "  Hotels."] 

Ayers  Building. — Location,  166  to  172  State  st.  Stores  beneath;  business 
and  professional  offices  above.  A  handsome  business  block. 

Board  of  Trade  Building.—  Location,  foot  of  La  Salle  st.,  between 
Pacific  ave.  and  Sherman  st.  The  immense  size  and  architectural  beauty 
of  the  structure  will  attract  the  stranger's  attention.  It  covers  an  area  of 
200  by  174  feet,  and  is  built  of  gray  granite.  The  beautiful  front  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  tower  which  tapers  to  a  pinnacle  322  feet  above  the  pave- 
ment. On  the  top  of  this  tower  is  the  largest  weather-vane  in  the  world,  a 
lake  schooner  15  feet  in  length,  with  rigging  in  proportion.  From  the 
street  belo-vv  it  does  not  appear  to  be  a  fifth  of  this  size.  Visitors  are 
admitted  to  the  tower,  from  which  a  grand  bird's  eye  view  of  the  city  and 
the  lake  may  be  obtained.  On  the  first  floor  are  settling  rooms,  private 
offices,  telegraph  offices,  etc.  Above  these  is  a  great  exchange  hall,  the 
dimensions  of  which  are  174  by  155  feet.  Some  idea  of  the  vastness  of  this 
room  may  be  obtained  from  the  knowledge  that  one  of  the  largest  five-story 
blocks  in  the  city  could  be  accommodated  within  it.  The  interior  decora- 
tions are  elegant.  There  are  two  galleries,  one  for  the  public  and  one  for 
invited  guests.  Admission  to  the  former  may  be  gained  within  business 
hours.  From  this  gallery  a  perfect  view  may  be  had  of  the  operations  on  the 
floor,  operations  which  it  would  be  impossible  to  describe  and  impossible  for 
the  average  visitor  to  understand.  Admission  to  the  floor  is  granted  only  on 
rare  occasions,  and  by  the  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trade.  The  rear  por- 
tion of  the  building  is  given  over  to  offices. 

Boyce  Building. — Location,  adjoining  the  University  Club  building,  on 
the  west  side  of  Dearborn  st.,  between  Washington  and  Randolph  sts.  This 
structure  replaces  the  old  Stewart-Bentley  building  which  was  built  soon 
after  the  fire,  and  was  torn  down  to  make  room  for  the  new  improvement. 
The  ground  covered  is  40x90  feet.  The  building  is  of  handsome  appearance 
and  is  lighted  from  three  sides.  It  is  surmounted  by  a  high  gabled  roof,  a 
feature  rather  unusual  in  office  buildings,  although  adopted  by  the  architect 
of  the  beautiful  Herald  building.  This  building  cost  $250,000.  It  is  of  steel 
construction  with  a  front  of  brick,  terra  cotta  and  plate  glass.  Five  floors 
are  occupied  by  the  Boyce  Publishing  house.  The  remainder  are  divided 
into  offices. 

Brother  Jonathan  Building. — Location,  2  Sherman  st.,  opposite  Board  of 
Trade.  A  lofty  office  building  of  the  class  erected  in  this  vicinity,  after 
removal  of  Board  of  Trade.  A  fine  structure,  but  lacking  in  the  more  costly 
finish  of  many  recently  erected  office  buildings. 

Bryan  Block.— Location,  N.  W.  Cor.  of  La  Salle  and  Monroe  sts.  An  old 
fashioned  but  prominent  office  building.  Occupied  principally  by  insurance 
agencies.  To  be  torn  down. 


172  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Calumet  Building. — Location,  La  Salle,  between  Monroe  and  Adams  sts. 
One  of  the  first  of  the  great  office  buildings  erected  in  the  Board  of  Trn.de 
district.  Massive  but  not  as  elegantly  finished  as  its  neighbors. 

Caxton  Building. — Location,  west  side  of  Dearborn  near  Harrison  st., 
a  beautiful  office  building,  occupied  by  printers,  publishers,  etc. 

Central  Manufacturing  Block.— Location,  Market  st.  between  Madison 
and  Washington  sts.  A  great  building  occupied  by  small  manufacturers. 

Central  Music  Hall  Building. — Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  State  and  Randolph 
sts. ;  erected  in  1879  by  a  stock  company,  its  list  of  stockholders  comprising 
many  of  the  wealthiest  and  best  known  citizens  in  Chicago.  Its  object  was 
"  to  promote  religious,  educational  and  musical  purposes,  the  culture  of 
the  arts,  and  to  provide  for  public  amusements  and  entertainments."  The 
leader  in  this  then  novel  enterprise  was  its  first  manager,  the  late  George 
B.  Carpenter,  whose  rare  taste  and  judgment,  as  well  as  his  experience  and 
success  as  a  manager,  well  qualified  him  for  the  task  to  which  he  devoted 
so  much  time  and  thought.  The  architect  chosen  to  embody  these  ideas  in 
plans  for  tho  building  was  Mr.  D.  Adler,  senior  member  of  the  present  firm 
of  Adler  &  Sullivan,  and  so  admirably  adapted  was  the  construction  of  the 
building  for  the  purposes  of  its  erection,  it  immediately  became  widely 
known  for  its  high  standard  of  excellence,  and  has  maintained  its  popular 
favor.  It  has  a  frontage  of  125  feet  on  State  st.  and  150  feet  on  Randolph 
st.,  its  central  location  rendering  it  easily  accessible  from  all  parts  of  the 
city.  It  is  built  of  grey  cut  stone,  has  a  wide  and  massive  entrance  of 
white  marble,  is  six  stories  in  height,  and  contains,  besides  the  large  audi- 
torium from  which  the  building  derives  its  name,  a  small  recital  hall  known 
as  Apollo  Hall,  twelve  stores,  seventy  offices.  [See  "Amusements."] 

Central  Union  Block.—  Location,  N.  W.  Cor.  Madison  and  Market  sts. 
extending  to  the  river.  Built  for  the  accommodation  of  light  factories,  man- 
ufacturers, agents,  etc. 

Chamber  of  Commerce  Building.— Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  La  Salle  and 
Washington  sts.;  thirteen  stories  high;  cost,  with  ground,  $1,650,000.  This 
is  one  of  the  most  elegantly  fitted  and  arranged  office  buildings  in  the  city. 
The  floors  all  open  on  to  an  interior  court,  and  the  entire  building  inside  is 
flooded  with  light  from  the  roof.  It  is  unique  in  design,  beautiful  in  con- 
struction. A  full  description  is  given  in  the  "  guide  "  department  of  this 
book. 

Chemical  Bank  Building. — Location,  east  side  of  Dearborn  between 
Washington  and  Randolph  sts.  An  elegant  structure  occupied  by  Greene- 
baum  &  Sons,  bankers,  and  office  tenants.  Owned  by  the  Abstract  Safety 
Vault  Co. 

Cisco  Building.— Location,  84  Washington  st.  A  handsome  office  struct- 
ure. 

Citizens  Bank  Building.— Location,  119  and  121  La  Salle  st.  A  remodeled 
structure. 

City  Hall. — Location,  Washington,  La  Salle  and  Randolph  sts.,  adjoining 
the  Court  House,  and  connected  with  it  by  arcades.  Constructed,  like  the 
Court  House,  on  the  French  renaissance  style  of  architecture.  Constructed 
of  massive  blocks  of  Bedford  stone,  relieved  on  the  exterior  by  plain  col- 
umns of  polished  granite.  The  main  entrance,  on  La  Salle  st.,  is  very  elab- 
orate. The  fault  found  with  this  structure,  as  well  as  with  the  Court  House, 
is  that  it  is  too  heavy  in  construction ;  the  walls  are  so  deep  as  to  prevent 
reception  of  sunlight,  and  a  dark  interior  is  the  result.  The  interior  is 
finished  in  marble;  the  great  staircases  are  of  steel;  the  floor  of  marble 
tiling.  Here  are  located  the  offices  of  the  mayor  and  superintendents  and 
chiefs  of  the  various  city  departments  and  bureaus.  [See  "Court  House.'' 
also  "Guide."] 

Cobb's  Building. — Location,  120  to  128  Deai'born.  An  office  structure  of 
the  flre  period. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

TITLE  AND  TRUST  BUILDING.      MEAD  &  COE,  ACTS. 

[See   Page    196,   and    "Mead    &    Coe."] 


174  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Columbus  Memorial  Building.—  Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  State  and  Washington 
sts.  Fourteen  stories  high.  Building  and  groiind  valued  at  $2,000,000.  Two 
floors  are  contained  in  the  ornamental  space  above  the  cornice.  The  build- 
ing covers  a  frontage  of  100  feet  on  State  st.  and  90  feet  on  Washington  st. 
It  is  a  mercantile  and  office  building  combined,  and  at  the  same  time  a  work 
of  the  highest  art.  W.  W.  Boyington,  architect.  Some  of  the  features  of 
this  beautiful  structure  are  unique,  and  all  are  attractive.  On  the  top  of 
the  structure  is  a  glass  globe,  six  feet  in  diameter,  with  the  outlines  of  two 
continents  worked  upon  it  in  colors.  From  sunset  to  sunrise  inside  that 
globe  a  10,000  candle-power  electric  light  burns  at  an  elevation  of  250  feet,  a 
beaco  n  light  that  can  be  seen  in  clear  weather  at  a  distance  of 'fifty  miles  or 
more  Two  beautiful  mosaics,  made  in  Venice  expi*essly  for  this  building, 
orr^y  be  seen  in  the  rear  of  the  two  State  st.  stores.  Each  is  nearly  the  width 
of  the  store  and  is  20  feet  in  height.  One  of  the  designs  represents  the  dis- 
embarkation of  the  discoverer  in  the  new  world,  and  the  other  his  reception 
at  the  court  of  Barcelona  after  his  return.  These  mosiacs  are  pronounced 
by  critics  to  be  magnificently  executed.  The  decorations  of  the  entire  build- 
ing are  elaborate  and  mostly  in  mosiac.  The  main  entrance  is  the  most 
beautiful  of  any  Chicago  building.  The  m6saic  work  is  in  designs  allegori- 
cal of  the  life  of  the  great  discoverer,  all  drawn  expressly  for  this  building. 

Commerce  Building. — Location,  10  Pacific  ave.  One  of  the  great  office 
buildings  peculiar  to  the  Board  of  Trade  district. 

Commercial  Building.— Location,  14  and  16  Pacific  ave.  One  of  the  Board 
of  Trade  group  of  high  office  buildings. 

Commercial  National  Bank  Building. — Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  Dearborn  and 
Monroe  sts.  A  beautiful  bank  and  office  building.  [See  "Guide."] 

Como  Building.— Location,  325  Dearborn  st.     A  modern  office  building. 

Corbin  Building^ — Location,  Fifty-first  st.  and  Cottage  Grove  ave. 
Eight  stories  and  basement ;  cost,  $200,000. 

Counselman  Building.— Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  Jackson  and  La  Salle  sts., 
opposite  Board  of  Trade.  One  of  the  Board  of  Trade  group  of  high  build- 
ings. 

Court  House. — Location,  Washington,  Clark  and  Randolph  sts.  Designed 
in  French  renaissance  style  of  architecture.  Basement  and  first  story  of 
massive  sand-stone  blocks.  The  front  is  cf  cut  Bedford  stone,  relieved  by 
massive  columns  of  polished  granite,  which  gives  to  the  exterior  a  classic 
appearance.  Heavy  stone  cornices  overhang  each  story.  The  ornamental 
work  is  massive  also,  and  harmonizes  with  the  immense  size  of  the  build- 
ing. The  interior  is  finished  in  polished  granite  and  marble.  The  offices 
and  court  rooms  in  the  building  are  finished  in  hardwood.  Marble  tile 
flooring  is  used  throughout.  The  depth  of  the  massive  walls  prevents  the 
reception  of  sunlight,  as  in  the  newer  structures  of  the  city.  Electricity 
is  used  for  illumination.  Here  are  located  all  of  the  civil  courts  of  the 
county,  the  sheriff's  office,  treasurers  office,  clerk's  office,  etc.  [See 
"Guide."] 

Criminal  Court  Building.— Located,  on  the  north  side  of  Michigan  st. 
between  Clark  st.  and  Dearborn  ave.  The  new  building  covers  the  site 
formerly  occupied  by  the  North  Town  Market  and  latterly  by  the  old  crimi- 
nul  court  building,  razed  to  make  room  for  the  present  structure.  The 
building  has  a  frontage  of  204  feet  on  Michigan  st.  by  75  feet  on  Dearborn  ave. 
It  rests  on  a  foundation  of  Streesville  cement,  and  is  seven  stories 
high.  The  facade  of  the  first  two  stories  is  of  Bedford  stone,  and  the 
remaining  five  stories  are  buff  in  color  and  of  the  same  material,  all  rock- 
faced.  The  main  entrance  is  through  a  twenty-foot  massive  archway 
extending  through  two  stories  and  handsomely  and  elaborately  carved  in 
stone.  The  interior  of  the  building  is  constructed  of  steel  beams  and  tile 
archways  and  partitions  supported  and  encased  by  columns  finished  in 
scagliola,  treated  to  represent  marble.  The  corridors  are  finished  in  mosaic 
and  wainscoted  with  select  marble.  The  building  has  three  general  pas- 
senger elevators  and  one  private  elevator  for  prisoners.  The  basement  is 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  175 

18  feet  high  and  contains  a  battery  of  five  boilers,  engine  and  dynamo  rooms 
and  two  large  storage  vaults.  Here  are  also  toilet  rooms  for  general  use. 
The  first  floor  contains  rooms  of  the  state's  attorney,  clerk  of  the  criminal 
court  and  sheriff's  offices,all  provided  with  large  vaults.  The  five  upper  stories 
are  divided  into  ten  court  rooms,  each  48  feet  square,  with  light  and  air 
from  two  sides;  thirteen  jury  rooms;  ten  waiting  rooms;  ten  judge's  rooms; 
ten  clerk's  rooms  and  ten  large  vaults,  besides  twelve  large  offices  for  gen- 
eral purposes,  all  provided  with  ample  toilet  rooms  and  conveniences.  At 
the  top  of  the  structure  is  a  large  Grand  Jury  room  with  ante-rooms  for 
witnesses.  The  first  criminal  court  building  erected  upon  the  site  was 
destroyed  by  the  gi-eat  fire  of  1871.  Immediately  afterward  the  jail  was 
repaired  for  tempoi-ary  use.  In  December,  1871,  the  Committee  on  City 
Relations  from  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners  held  several  consulta- 
tions on  the  subject  of  the  site  for  the  jail  and  criminal  court  with  the 
mayor  and  corporation  counsel  and  city  council.  After  an  exchange  of 
opinions,  it  was  decided  that  the  structure  was  to  be  placed  on  the  site 
occupied  by  the  old  market  hall,  which  the  city  would  donate  on  thepondi 
tion  that  the  building  should  be  completed  within  a  reasonable  time  and 
never  be  used  for  any  piirpose  other  than  the  one  contemplated ;  the  prop- 
erty to  revert  to  the  city  if  it  was  not  so  used.  Owners  of  adjacent  property 
sold  their  frontage  at  $300  per  foot  on  Dearborn  ave.  and  $250  per  foot  for 
inside  lots,  the  whole  space  occupied  being  280x100  feet,  which  together  with 
the  lot  appropriated  by  the  city  would  give  the  county  a  plot  of  ground 
including  the  10-foot  alley,  of  280x210  feet.  It  was  the  opinion,  at  the  time, 
that  a  building  could  be  constructed  on  this  land  which  would  meet  the 
demands  upon  it  for  all  time  to  come.  The  building  was  ready  for  occu- 
pancy in  May,  1872,  and  on  the  8th  day  of  that  month  prisoners  numbering 
103  were  taken  from  the  old  jail,  among  the  ruins  of  the  court  house,  to  the 
new  jail  on  Michigan  st.  Here  the  anarchists  were  hanged  in  November  of 
1887. 

Daily  News  Building. — Main  building  fronts  on  Calhoun  pi.,  and  was 
constructed  with  special  reference  to  the  needs  of  the  Daily  News  and 
Morning  Record 'newspapers.  The  building  has  a  plain  exterior,  but  the 
interior  is  fitted  up  with  all  the  modern  improvements.  The  press-room  is 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  country,  and  the  composing  and  mailing  rooms  rank 
equally  high.  The  editorial  rooms  are  arranged  principally  with  a  view  to 
convenience.  Main  entrance  through  beautiful  counting  room,  123  Fifth 
ave.  [See  "  Newspapers."] 

Dakota  Hotel  Building. — Location,  Thirtieth  st.  and  Michigan  blvd.  Ten 
stories  high.  Cost  $750,000.  A  magnificent  structure. 

De  Sofa  Block.— Location,  144  to  146  Madison  st.  One  of  the  fire  period 
business  structures. 

Dexter  Building. — Location,  near  corner  of  Adams  and  Dearborn  sts. 
Eight  stories  high.  Cost  $150,000. 

Drexel  Building.—  Location,  80  and  82  Adams  st.    A  handsome  structure. 

Donahue  &  Henneberry  Building.—  Location,  east  side  of  Dearborn,  near 
Polk  st.  One  of  the  greatest  printing  and  publishing  structures  in  the  world. 
Erected  by  Donohue  &  Hennebery,  writh  special  reference  to  their  press, 
composition,  binding  and  book  publishing  business.  [See  "Guide."] 

Ellsworth  Building. — Located  on  the  east  side  of  Dearborn  st.,  near  Har- 
rison ;  a  fourteen-story  structure.    It  fronts  on  Dearborn  st.  and  Plymouth 
Kl.,  (formerly  Third  ave.).    The  lower  floors  are  faced  with  massive  granite 
locks;  the  remainder  with  pressed  brick  and  terra  cotta.     The  building 
is  of  modern  steel  construction,   the   walls  on  either    side  being    merely 
shells.    The  structure  has  entrances  on  Dearborn  st.  and  Plymouth  pi.  and 
is  designed  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  publishing  center.    No  power,  how- 
ever, will  be  used  in  the  building. 

Ely  Building. — Location,  S.  W.  Cor.  Wabash  ave.  and  Monroe  st.  A  beau- 
tiful structure  erected  and  occupied  by  Ely,  the  fashionable  tailor. 

Equitable  Building. — Location,  106  to  110  Dearborn  st.  A  well-known 
office  structure;  to  be  remodeled. 


176  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Evening  Post  Building.— Location,  south  side  of  Washington  St.,  near 
Fifth  ave.  A  building  of  the  fire  period  remodelled  to  meet  the  necessities 
of  a  newspaper  publication  house.  A  large  portion  of  the  building,  which 
stretches  back  to  the  alley,  is  used  by  the  Evening  Post,  but  several  of 
the  front  floors  are  fitted  up  for  offices.  Good  light,  Ventilation  and  eleva- 
tor service.  [See  "Newspapers."] 

Exchange  B uilding.— Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  Van  Buren  st.  and  Pacific  ave. 
A  great  office  structure. 

First  National  Bank  Building.— Location,  N.W.  Cor.Dearborn  and  Monroe 
sts.  Cost,  $500,000.  First  floor  occupied  by  First  National  bank,  rest  of  floors 
by  office  tenants.  One  of  the  most  solid  looking  structures  in  the  city. 
[See  "Guide."] 

Fullerton  Block.— Location,  90  to  96  Dearborn  st.  One  of  the  fire  period 
office  structures. 

Gaff  Building.— ~Loea,tion,  La  Salle  st.,  west  side,  south  of  Adams  st. 
notable  for  its  narrow  frontage  and  great  height.  One  of  the  lofty  office 
buildings  of  the  Board  of  Trade  district. 

Gillespie  Building.— location,  331  and  333  Dearborn  st.  A  handsome  12 
story  office  structure.  Cost,  $350,000. 

Grand  Pacific  Hotel  Building.— Location,  La  Salle,  Jackson,  Clark  and 
Quincy  sts.,  an  entire  block,  near  Board  of  Trade.  The  Clark  st.  front  faces 
the  general  postoffice.  The  La  Salle  st.  front  faces  some  of  the  immense 
office  buildings  in  the  Board  of  Trade  center.  The  main  entrances  are  on 
La  Salle  and  Clark  sts.  The  ladies'  entrance  is  on  Jackson  st.  This  build- 
ing was  scarcely  completed  in  1871  when  the  great  fire  swept  it  out  of  exist- 
ence in  a  single  night,  although  its  construction  was  almost  wholly  of  iron, 
stone  and  glass.  It  was  immediately  rebuilt  and  opened  to  guests  in  June, 
1873.  Although  acknowledged  to  be  one  of  the  finest  hotels  in  the  world 
when  completed,  it  has  undergone  many  improvements  since  then. 

Great  Northern  Hotel  Building.  —  Location,  Dearborn,  Jackson  and 
Quincy  sts.,  facing  Custom-house  and  postoffice.  A  magnificent  fourteen- 
story  structure,  constructed  on  the  steel-frame  principle,  the  first  of 
the  kind  ever  erected  here  for  hotel-purposes.  The  three  fronts  of  the 
building  are  relieved  by  bay  windows.  The  great  height  and  massive  con- 
struction of  the  building  makes  it  a  notable  one.  It  is  fire-proof,  being 
constructed  entirely  of  steel,  tiling,  fire-brick  and  granite.  The  interior  is 
elegant,  marble  being  freely  used  in  wainscoting,  etc.  The  visitor  will  be 
impressed  with  the  rotunda.  The  barber  shop  is  palatial. 

Groveland  Building.  Location,  Thirty-First  st.  and  Groveland  ave. 
Eight  stories.  Cost,  $300,000. 

Harding  Building. — Location,  south  side  of  Madison,  between  LaSalle 
st.  and  Fifth  ave.  A  remodelled  structure,  occupied  as  store  and  printing 
offices. 

Hartford  Building.— "Location,  S.  W.  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Madison  sts.,  one 
of  the  busiest  street  intersections  in  the  city.  On  this  corner  a  magnificent 
structure  was  erected  immediately  after  the  great  flre  of  1871.  It  was 
architecturally  ornate  and  presented  many  features  which  made  it  in  its 
exterior  pleasing  to  the  eye.  The  facade  was  relieved  here  and  there  by 
beautiful  ornamentation  and  statuary.  It  was  of  the  old  pattern,  however, 
the  first  story  being  raised  above  the  sidewalk.  Like  many  others  of  this 
character,  it  had  to  make  way  before  its  time  for  a  mammoth  office  struct- 
ure. The  old  building  would  have  been  an  ornament  to  any  city.  It  is 
spoken  of  as  old,  whereas  at  the  time  of  its  destruction  it  had  not  lived 
through  twenty  years.  The  first  story  of  the  Hartford  is  of  stone,  and  the 
remainder  of  the  fourteen  stories  of  terra  cotta.  It  cost  over  $600,000.  The 
first  floor  was  rented  before  the  foundations  were  laid,  for  $60,000  per 
annum.  It  is  the  property  of  the  Hartford  Safety  Deposit  Co.  Its  architect 
was  Henry  Ives  Cobb.  Here  is  located  the  Chemical  National  Bank. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

J.  FRIEDMAN  &  GO'S   BUILDING. 

[See  "Western  Industry."] 


178  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Haymarket  Building.— Location,  north  side  of  W.  Madison  near  Halsted 
st.  A  handsome  business  block,  in  which  the  Haymarket  Theatre  is 
located. 

Herald  Building.— Location,  154,  156  and  158  Washington  st.,  between  La 
Salle  st.  and  Fifth  ave.  There  is  probably  not  another  building-  devoted  to 
the  publication  of  a  newspaper  in  the  world  equalling  it  in  magnificence, 
and  certainly  there  is  none  other  in  which  so  much  attention  has  been 
given  to  completeness  of  detail.  On  entering  the  imposing  counting  room, 
visitors  will  at  once  notice  the  fine  .Italian  stone  mosaic  with  which  the 
floor  is  hand  inlaid,  the  counter  of  black  Belgian  marble,  surmounted  with 
black  iron,  wrought  in  graceful  designs,  and  the  sixteen  columns  of  genuine 
Sienna  marble ;  also  the  Italian  marble  wainscoting.  They  will  also  be  inter- 
ested in  the  working  of  the  automatic  tubes,  which  convey  advertising  mat- 
ter to  the  composing  room  and  news  matter  to  the  editorial  floor.  Passing 
four  long  distance  telephones,  entrance  is  had  to  the  visitor's  gallery,  over- 
looking ten  Titanic  presses.  Next  in  point  of  interest  is  the  composing 
room,  to  which  the  visitor  ascends  in  either  of  the  two  elevators,  framed  in 
hand  wrought  iron,  and  which  travel  up  a  shaft  walled  from  top  to  bottom 
with  the  finest  Italian  marble.  The  walls  of  the  composing  room  are  white 
enameled,  and  it  is  finished  throughout  in  marble,  iron  and  oak.  Even  the 
type  stands  are  of  iron,  with  the  monogram  of  The  Herald  wrought  in  gold 
in  each,  and  there  are  cases  for  180  men  on  straight  composition,  to  say 
nothing  of  those  employed  on  advertising  copy.  Electric  calls  at  each 
case  connect  with  the  copy-box,  in  the  front  of  which  is  a  perforated  peg 
rack  where  are  assorted  slugs,  numbered  on  both  sides  for  every  composi- 
tor, and  by  which  the  copy  cutter  tells  at  a  glance  what  and  how  many  men 
are  working  on  "time"  copy.  An  aerial  railway  takes  advertising  copy  from 
the  copy  box  to  the  "  ad  "  department,  and  the  proof  from  thence  to  the 
proof-readers.  Electric  call  speaking  tubes  connect  the  principal  depart- 
ments of  the  "building.  The  foreman's  office  is  on  an  elevated  platform, 
from  which  he  can  survey  his  entire  force.  Every  compositor  has  a 
clothes  locker,  and  the  marble  closets  are  unsurpassed  in  elegance  by 
those  of  any  hotel.  Filtered  ice  water,  with  a  solid  silver,  gold-lined 
drinking  cup,  a  restaurant  finished  in  marble  and  oak  and  provided 
with  reading  tables  and  library,  are  other  provisions  for  the  com- 
positors. Four  hundred  electric  lights  illuminate  this  department, 
adjoining  which  is  the  stereotyping  room  with  its  two-ton  metal  pot, 
improved  mailing  machine,  matrix  drying  and  matrix  trimming  machines. 
A  turkish  bath- and  marble- walled  toilet  room  is  one  of  the  luxuries  afforded 
to  the  workers  in  this  room. 

The  editorial  rooms  occupy  the  fourth  and  fifth  floors.  An  electric  call 
on  the  desk  of  each  reporter  connects  with  the  city  editor's  desk,  and  electric 
call  speaking  tube  connections  communicate  with  the  principals  through- 
out the  building.  The  editorial  rooms  cluster  around  a  commodious  library, 
and  in  the  telegraph  room  specially  designed  desks  enclose  typewriters 
and  instruments  for  twelve  operators.  The  art  department  contains  a 
photo-engraving  plant,  complete  in  every  detail,  and  run  by  electric  motors. 
The  appartrrtents  of  the  publisher  of  The  Herald  are  probably  the  most 
luxurious  offices  in  the  world.  Telegraphic  instruments  of  sterling  silver, 
for  his  especial  use,  connect  with  all  the  wires  operated  by  The  National 
Associated  Press,  as  well  as  those  used  by  The  Herald ;  the  electric  call 
speaking  tubes  are  of  silver,  as  also  are  the  electric  light  fittings.  The 
timbered  ceilings,  the  seven  foot  wainscoting,  and  all  the  furnishings  of 
the  room  are  of  solid  mahogany,  and  the  walls  above  the  wainscoting 
are  encrusted  with  matrices  of  The  Herald.  In  the  ante-room  is  a  long 
distance,  portable  desk  telephone,  which  is  the  most  complete  instrument  of 
its  kind  ever  made. 

Home  Insurance  Building. — Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  LaSalle  and  Adams  sts. 
Eleven  stories  high.  One  of  the  most  beautiful  of  the  office  buildings.  The 
grand  entrance  on  LaSalle  st.  is  one  of  peerless  beauty— a  veritable  marble 
hall,  and  a  portal  such  as  no  palace  in  Europe  can  boast  of.  The  entire 
building  from  the  first  to  the  eleventh  floor  is  wainscoted  in  Italian  marble 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  179 

of  the  finest  vein,  and  is  beautifully  matched  and  polished.  Here  is  located' 
the  Union  National  Bank. 

Honore  Building.— New  Marquette  Hotel.  Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  of  Dear- 
born and  Adams  sts.  Erected  by  H.  H.  Honore  after  the  great  fire.  [See 
"Guide."] 

Hospital  Buildings. — The  hospital  buildings  of  Chicago  are  with  few 
exceptions  magnificient  piles.  Among  the  most  noted  are  the  County  Hos- 
pital, Wood  st.,  near  Ogden  ave. ;  Mercy  Hospital,  Twenty-sixth  st.  and 
Calumet  ave.;  Presbyterian  Hospital,  near  County  Hospital;  St.  Joseph 
Hospital,  Garfield  ave.  and  Burling  st. ;  Marine  Hospital,  W.  Halsted  near 
Graceland  ave. ;  Illinois  Childrens'  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  227  W.  Adams; 
Michael  Reese  Hospital,  Twenty-ninth  st.  and  Groveland  ave.;  St.  Lukes, 
1420  Indiana  ave.;  Woman's  Hospital,  Thirty-second  st.  and  Rhodes  ave. 
[See  "Hospitals.'*] 

Hotel  Buildings.— Many  of  the  hotel  buildings  of  Chicago  are  among  the 
most  beautiful  architectural  monuments  of  the  city.  Some  of  these  are 
mentioned  in  the  list  of  great  buildings.  It  would  be  impossible  to  describe 
all  of  them.  [See  "  Hotels."] 

Howland  Block.— Location,  N.  W.  Cor.  of  Dearborn  and  Monroe  sts.  A 
building  of  the  fire  period.  Occupied  by  bank  and  office  tenants. 

Insurance  Exchange  Building. — Location,  S.  W.  Cor.  Adams  and  La  Salle 
sts.,  opposite  Rookery.  Ten  stories  high ;  basement  of  solid  granite,  upper 
stories  of  brick,  Vestibule  fronting  on  La  Salle  St.,  from  which  stairways 
rise ;  is  very  handsome.  The  building  is  elegantly  finished.  Occupied  by 
banks — the  Continental  to  the  right  and  the  Columbia  National  to  the  left, 
on  the  main  floor;  the  upper  stories  are  given  over  to  offices. 

Inter-Ocean  Building.— Location,  N.  W.  Cor.  Madison  and  Dearborn  sts. 
The  corner,  surmounted  by  a  clock  tower,  was  built  to  unite  the  wings 
fronting  on  Dearborn  and  Madison  sts.,  and  the  entire  structure  was 
designed,  both  in  the  erection  of  the  new  portion  and  in  the  reconstruction 
of  the  old,  to  meet  the  necessities  of  a  newspaper  publication  office.  This 
was  the  primary  object  in  view.  Another  was  to  make  it  a  first-class  office 
building;  the  designers  succeeded  in  accomplishing  both  of  these  results. 
The  Inter-Ocean  newspaper  occupies  the  upper  floors  and  a  portion  of  the 
first  floor  of  the  building.  It  is  one  of  the  best  equipped  newspaper  offices 
in  the  country.  The  beautiful  counting  room  on  the  corner  will  attract  the 
visitor's  attention. 

Isabella  Building.— "Location,  Van  Buren  st.,  between  Wabash  and  State 
st.  Ten  stories  high.  Cost,  $200,000. 

James  H.  Walker  Wholesale  Building.— Location,  S.  W.  Cor.  Adams  and 
Market  sts.  One  of  the  most  beautiful  of  the  great  buildings  in  the  whole- 
sale dry  goods  center.  A  massive  and  elegant  piece  of  architecture. 

JohnM.  Smyth  Building. —Location,  150  to  166  West  Madison  st.,  between 
Union  and  Halsted,  on  West  Madison  st.  cable  line.  The  greatest  mercan- 
tile structure  on  the  West  side,  and  one  of  the  greatest  in  Chicago.  It  is 
eight  stories  in  height  and  cost  over  $300,000.  The  building  has  a  frontage 
on  West  Madison  st.  of  205  feet,  the  end  wings  having  each  a  frontage  of 
forty  feet  extending  back  to  a  depth  of  180  feet  to  School  st.  in  the  rear,  while 
the  center  portion  with  a  frontage  of  125  feet  is  125  feet  deep  thus  leaving  a 
court  for  shipping  purposes.  The  court  is  covered  by  a  trussed  glass  roof. 
The  exterior  of  the  first  two  stories  is  built  of  tool-dressed  blue  Bedford 
stone.  Above  this  Bedford  stone  is  used.  The  feature  of  the  front  is  a  grand 
central  entrance,  being  a  double  arch  forty  feet  wide.  The  rest  of  the  front 
is  chiefly  of  plate  glass  windows,  no  iron  structure  being  visible  on  the  out- 
side. The  central  part  of  the  building  125x125,  contains  a  grand  vestibule, 
finished  in  marble.  The  main  offices  are  situated  on  the  first  floor;  these 
with  the  entire  interior  are  elaborately  and  beautifully  finished.  Two  grand 
stairways  lead  to  the  upper  floors  and  in  addition  there  are  two  passenger 
and  four  freight  elevators.  The  interior  finish  is  of  mill  construction, 
long  leaf  Georgia  pine  timbers,  which  are  used  in  the  floor,  being  four  inches 


180  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

thick,  and  a  finish  of  maple.  The  building  is  warmed  by  steam,  while  300 
arc  electric  and  600  incandescent  together  with  innumerable  gas  jets 
flood  it  with  light.  [See  '•  Guide."] 

John  V.  Farwell  Building. — Location,  W.  side  of  Market,  between 
Monroe  and  Adams  sts.  A  block  occupied  by  the  wholesale  house  of  John 
V.  Farwell  Co.,  and  by  numerous  other  wholesale  and  jobbing  houses,  prin- 
cipally in  the  dry  goods  and  clothing  lines. 

Kent  Building. — Location,  151  and  153  Monroe  st.  A  building  of  the  office 
class. 

Kimball,  the  W.  W.  Building.— "Location,  243  to  253  Wabash  ave.  erected 
by  the  W.  W.  Kimball  Company,  (Pianos  and  Organs.)  It  has  a  frontage  of 
eighty  feet,  is  seven  stories  high,  and  is  built  of  chocolate-colored  brick, 
with  brown-stone  trimmings.  All  the  walls  are  deadened  and  all  the  floors 
double,  with  cement  filling  and  air-chambers  between.  No  expense  has  been 
spared  to  make  this  one  of  the  strongest  and  most  durable  buildings  of  its 
kind.  The  ware-rooms  and  offices  occupy  the  first  floor;  Kimball  Hall,  with 
two  rooms  adjoining  for  the  exhibition  of  Concert  and  Baby  Grands, 
occupies  the  second  floor.  The  hall  has  a  seating  capacity  of  about  600 
people,  but  it  is  so  arranged  that  the  two  rooms  devoted  to  the  sale  of 
grands  can  be  used  to  enlarge  the  hall  by  means  of  folding  doors,  which  will 
double  the  seating  capacity.  The  five  floors  above  are  furnished  for  offices 
and  studios,  front  and  back,  for  the  use  of  musicians,  teachers,  artists,  etc. 
The  hall  and  ware-rooms  are  ventilated  by  a  special  system  of  exhaust 
ventilation,  by  means  of  which  every  particle  of  air  can  be  changed 
every  fifteen  minutes.  The  temperature  is  controled  by  an  electric  appa- 
ratus, which  acts  automatically  and  can  be  adjusted  so  as  to  furnish  any 
degree  of  heat  required.  All  of  the  elevators  are  run  by  steam  or  water  and 
the  building  is  lighted  throughout  by  incandescent  lights.  The  latest  impro- 
ments  of  all  kinds  in  every  department  have  been  used,  and  every  detail 
carefully  attended  to  in  order  to  make  this  a  model  structure. 

Koch  Building.— Location,  La  Salle  ave.  and  Locust  st.  Six  stories. 
Cost,  $100,000. 

Kuh,  Nathan  &  Fischer  Building.—  Location,  Cor.  Franklin  and  Van 
Buren  sts.  Cost,  $150,000. 

La  Salle  Building.— Location,  N.  W.  Cor.  Madison  and  La  Salle  sts.  A 
great  building  of  the  fire  period.  Remodeled  and  ranks  first-class  as  an 
office  structure. 

Labor  Temple.— Projected.  The  style  of  the  proposed  building  will  be 
after  that  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association's  new  building  on  La 
Salle  st.  It  will  contain  halls,  bath-rooms,  gymnasiums,  reading-rooms 
and  libraries  and  mechanical  training-schools.  Any  extra  space  will  be  used 
for  offices.  To  cost  $1,000,000.  This  building  is  to  be  used  by  the  various 
labor  organizations  as  a  general  headquarters. 

Lafayette  Building.— Location,  N.  W.  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Randolph  sts. 
A  remodeled  office  building  of  the  first  class. 

Lakeside  Building.— S.  W.  Cor,  Clark  and  Adams  sts.  One  of  the  office 
buildings  erected  after  the  great  fire;  for  a  time  pointed  out  as  a  notable 
structure.  Lacks  many  of  the  modern  improvements;  is  a  handsome 
structure  architecturally.  [See  "Guide."] 

Law  Building. — Location,  west  side  of  Dearborn,  near  Harrison  st.  A 
modern  office  building;  occupied  principally  by  publishers,  printers,  agents 
and  those  allied  to  the  publishing  and  printing  trades. 

Lees  Building. — Location,  just  south  of  Security  bldg.,  on  Fifth  ave.,  near 
Madison  st. ;  a  twelve-story  structure.  Like  the  Seciirity,  the  Lees  bldg.  is 
occupied  principally  by  jobbers,  agencies  and  representatives  of  wholesale 
houses  in  the  dry  goods  and  notion  trades.  The  Lees  bldg.  is  plain  in  con- 
struction. 

Leiter  Building. — Location,  State,  between  Van  Buren  and  Congress  sts. 
The  largest  retail  building  fn  Chicago.  Constructed  very  plainly  of  granite 
blocks;  eight  stories  in  height.  [See  "Guide."] 


GENERAL   INFORMATION  181 

Leland  Hotel  Building. — Location,  Michigan  blvd.  and  Jackson  st,  facing 
Lake  Front  Park.  For  many  years  this  was  known  as  the  Gardner  house, 
but  not  until  its  name  and  management  were  changed  did  it  come  to  be 
reckoned  among  the  great  hotels  of  the  city.  Its  location  is  charming,  on 
one  of  the  finest  boulevards  in  the  city,  overlooking  the  majestic  Lake  Michi- 
gan, and  yet  being  within  easy  access  of  the  entire  business  section,  the 
railroad  depots,  street  car  terminals,  retail  stores,  theatres,  etc.  Numerous 
improvements  have  been  made,  both  in  the  interior  and  exterior  of  the 
building  from  year  to  year. 

Lexington  Hotel  Building. — Location,  Michigan  ave.  and  Twenty-second 
st.  The  hotel  has  a  frontage  of  125  feet  along  Michigan  blvd.  and  161  feet 
along  Twenty-second  st.  It  is  fireproof,  brick  and  terra  cotta  being  used 
in  its  exterior,  and  steel,  iron,  brick  and  cement  in  the  interior.  Wood 
enters  into  the  construction  of  the  building  only  in  the  doors  and  window 
casings.  The  interior  of  the  hotel  is  an  exemplification  of  modern  archi- 
tecture and  decorative  geniiis.  The  rotunda,  which  is  large  and  nicely 
lighted,  is  made  handsome  by  its  appointments.  The  floor  is  laid  with  the 
small  mosaic  block  and  the  room  is  wainscoted  with  African  marble,  rich  in 
design  and  finish.  The  cafe  and  billiard-room  are  on  the  first  floor  on  the 
Twenty-second  st.  side.  The  parlors  of  the  hotel  are  on  the  second  floor, 
and  from  them  extends  a  large  balcony  over  Michigan  blvd.  The  parlors 
are  luxuriously  appointed,  a  feature  being  the  heavy  tapestry  wall  hang- 
ings. Here,  too,  the  ceiling  decorators  have  produced  excellent  effects.  A 
large  onyx  mantel  and  fireplace  attracts  general  attention  and  it  is  said 
that  the  slab  of  onyx  across  its  front  is  the  largest  ever  produced.  At  the 
rear  of  the  parlors  is  a  large  balcony  overlooking  the  rotunda.  The  main 
dining-hall  is  a  large  room  on  the  Twenty-second  st.  side  directly  back  of 
the  ladies'  parlor.  It  is  prettily  decorated  in  dainty  colors  and  looks  most 
attractive  when  under  the  full  blaze  of  the  electric  lights.  On  the  other  side 
of  the  parlor  floor  are  the  ladies'  restaurant,  late  breakfast  room  and  ban- 
quet hall.  The  furnishings  of  the  rooms  above  the  parlor  floor  are  varied, 
no  two  rooms  being  alike.  There  is  a  notable  absence  of  the  red  so  familiar 
in  the  hotels  a  few  years  ago.  The  hotel  has  400  sleeping  rooms,  and  nearly 
300  of  them  overlook  Michigan  ave.  The  building  is  owned  by  the  Lexington 
Hotel  company,  and  E.  A.  Bacheldor  is  the  proprietor.  [See  "  Hotels."] 

Ludington  Building.  —  Location,  Wabash  ave.  and  Hubbard  ct.  an 
eight-story  structure,  for  mercantile  and  office  purposes.  Cost,  $300,000. 

Madison  Hall— Location,  West  Madison  st.  opposite  Union  st.  It  has  a 
frontage  of  96  feet  on  Madison,  and  extends  back  190  feet  to  School  st.  The 
front  elevation  presents  the  Romanesque  style  of  architecture.  The  build- 
ing is  constructed  in  the  form  of  a  double  L,  the  west  walls  extending  back 
60  feet,  and  include  a  handsome  enamel  brick  porch.  It  is  seven  stories 
high,  exclusive  of  the  basement,  the  two  upper  floors  being  fitted  up  for  a 
dancing  pavillion.  The  first  floor  contains  four  stores,  each  17x60  feet,  two 
on  either  side  of  the  main  entrance,  which  are  22  feet  6  inches  wide  an4  22 
feet  high.  The  second,  third  and  fourth  floors  contain  about  50  offices.  A 
seventeen-foot  court  separates  the  office  building  and  theatre,  which  is 
96x112  feet  in  dimensions,  and  fire-proof  throughout.  The  proscenium  open- 
ing is  48x32  feet;  the  stage,  96x48,  the  auditorium,  96x64,  and  foyer,  17x14. 
It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  2,600.  The  stage  has  two  fly  floors  on  either  side, 
and  constructed  iron  rigging  loft,  68  feet  above  the  stage,  supported  by 
Howe  trusses.  Two  open,  and  eight  projecting  boxes,  flank  the  proscenium 
opening,  and  three  spacious  galleries  almost  encircle  the  auditorium.  The 
decoration  is  largely  in  Lincrusta  Walton  and  stucco. 

Major  Block.— S.  E.  Cor.  Madison  and  La  Salle  sts.  A  handsome  structure 
of  the  fire  period,  since  remodelled.  One  of  the  most  familiar  structures 
in  the  city.  An  office  building. 

Mailer's  Building.— Location,  La  Salle  st.  west  side,  south  of  Adams  st. 
One  of  the  great  high  office  buildings  of  the  Board  of  Trade  center.  Interior 
finish  not  so  tasteful  as  that  of  its  neighbors. 

Mailer's  Jackson  St.  Building.— Located,  on  Market  between  Quincy  and 
Jackson  sts.  An  elegant  business  and  office  situation.  Cost,  $300,000. 


The  Burlington  Route. 


©F  the  great  number  of  visitors  to  Chicago,  many  will  have  planned  a  trip  to 
the  further  West,  and  to  those  it  will  be  interesting  to  scan  the  map  given 
below  of  one  of  the  greatest  railway  systems  of  the  world.     THE  BUR LINO- 
TON  ROUTE  it  will  be  noticed  reaches  from  Chicago  every  important  city  in  the 
territory  it  occupies,  and  at  its  terminals, 

ST.  PAUL,  MINNEAPOLIS,  DENVER  AND  KANSAS  CITY, 

It  makes  direct  connection  in  Union  depots  with  the  trains  of  those  lines  running 
to  the  Pacific  Coast  and  Mexico. 

A  MAP  OF  THE  BURLINGTON  ROUTE. 


This  is  the  line  that  has  been  selected  by  the  United  States  Government  to 
carry  the  fast  mail.  It  is  the  shortest  line  (1,025  miles)  between  Chicago  and  Den- 
ver,^nd  its  fast  express  trains  are  so  scheduled  that  but  one  night  is  spent  on  the 
road  between  Lake  Michigan  and  the  Rocky  Mountains.  A  special  feature  of 
THE  BURLINGTON  ROUTE,  aside  from  its  excellence  of  road  bed,  is  the  perfect 
manner  in  which  its  trains  are  equipped.  Vestibuled  Pullman  sleeping  cars, 
reclining  chair  cars,  built  on  Pullman  lines,  and  in  which  seats  are  free,  standard 
day  coaches  and  the  famous  BURLINGTON  ROUTE  dining  cars  are  on  every  through 
train.  Those  who  contemplate  a  trip  to  the  West,  Northwest  or  Southwest  will 
do  well  to  call<at  the  office  of  this  Company,  an  engraving  of  which  appears  on  the 
opposite  page,  at 


211    CLARK    STREET 


Where  the  Ticket  Agent  will  give  all  detailed  information  required,  and  arrange 
for  tickets  and  Pullman  sleeping-car  accommodations. 


184  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Manhattan  Building, — Location,  east  side  of  Dearborn,  south  of  Van 
Buren  st.  A  sixteen  story  building  that  towers  above  its  neighbors.  Solid 
masonry  masking,  a  steel  frame.  The  interior  is  embellished  with  orna- 
mental bronze  and  antique  copper,  polished  marble  and  jasper  wainscoting, 
mosaic  floors  and  ornamental  ceilings.  The  small  amount  of  woodwork 
that  enters  into  the  structure  is  antique  oak.  The  appointments  as  to  the 
elevator  service,  electric  light,  heat  and  general  conveniences  embrace 
every  improvement  known  to  modern  science.  Cost,  $800,000. 

Marine  Building.—  Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Lake  sts.  A  hand- 
some office  structure  called  after  Marine  bank,  which  went  down  in  the 
panic  of  1873.  [See  "  Guide."] 

Marshall  Field  &  Co.'s  New  Building.— Location,  N.  W.  Cor.  Wabash 
ave.  and  Washington  st.  Nine  stories  high.  The  four  upper  floors  are 
arranged  for  offices.  All  of  the  other  floors  are  used  for  the  retail  dry  goods 
trade  in  connection  with  Marshall  Field's  establishment  on  State  and 
Washington  st.  Cost,  $800,000.  This  building  has  a  frontage  on  Washing- 
ton st.  of  150  feet  and  108  feet  on  Wabash  ave.  It  is  a  handsome  steel-frame 
structure  faced  with  pressed  brick  and  terra  cotta.  Fluted  and  polished 
granite  blocks  are  used  for  the  first  three  stories.  The  elevator  service  is 
divided  so  that  the  office  portion  is  served  in  a  different  part  of  the 
building.  Connection  is  made  with  the  original  retail  store  by  means  of 
tunnels,  beneath  the  alley,  which  are  finished  in  marble.  These  passage 
ways  are  made  brilliant  and  attractive  by  the  use  of  electricity.  The  style 
of  architecture  is  the  Spanish  renaissance. 

Marshall  Field  &  Co.'s  Old  Wholesale  Building.— Location,  N.  E.  Cor. 
Madison  and  Market  sts.  A  great,  plain  bi-ick  structure  erected  immedi- 
ately after  the  fire  for  the  accommodation  of  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.'s  [now 
Marshall  Field  «fe  Co.]  wholesale  trade.  Used  for  many  years  as  the  whole- 
sale house  of  this  firm.  Now  used  as  a  "  reserve  stock  "  warehouse. 

Marshall  Field  &  Co.'s  Retail  Building.— Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  State  and 
Washington  sts.  Original  building  erected  by  the  Singer  Sewing  Machine 
company,  after  the  great  fire.  Destroyed  by  fire  winter  of  1877;  re-built  by 
the  Singer  Sewing  Machine  companv  and  purchased  by  Field,  Leiter  &  Co. 
for  $500,000;  now  the  property  of  Marshall  Field.  It  has  been  much  improved 
from  time  to  time.  One  of  the  most  palatial  retail  houses  in  the  world.  The 
architecture  is  a  relief  to  the  eye.  The  building  is  connected  by  marble- 
lined  tunnel  with  Marshall  Field  &  Co.'s  new  building,  Cor.  Wabash  ave. 
and  Washington  st.  [See  "  Marshall  Field  &  Co.'s  New  Building."] 

Marshall  Field  &  Co.'s  Wholesale  Building.— Location,  Fifth  ave.,  Adams, 
Franklin  and  Quincy  sts — a  solid  block.  This  structure  was  completed  in 
1887,  and  it  comprises  probably  the  largest  and  best  arranged  building  for 
mercantile  purposes  in  the  world.  It  occupies  an  entire  block,  bounded  by 
Adams,  Franklin  and  Quincy  sts.,  and  Fifth  ave.,  in  the  heart  of  the  busi- 
ness section.  It  is  of  granite  and  sandstone,  plain  and  substantial.  Chicago 
smoke  has  turned  it  almost  black,  and  it  looks  somewhat  like  one  of  Lon- 
don's old  and  massive  government  buildings.  The  unadorned  structure  bears 
no  external  indication  of  its  use.  There  is  no  announcement  or  sign  upon 
it  save  a  brass  plate  bearing  the  firm  name,  at  the  main  entrance,  on  Adams 
st.  The  interior  is  divided  by  two  thick  parti-walls  into  three  sections,  with 
communication  on  each  floor  through  double  doors  of  heavy  iron.  The 
ground  floor  of  the  middle  section  is  occupied  in  part  by  the  counting  room, 
where  scores  of  clerks,  seated  at  a  vast  array  of  desks,  keep  the  books  of  the 
great  establishment.  In  the  other  sections  and  floors  are  the  goods,  system- 
atically arranged  for  wholesale  trade. 

Masonic  Temple  Building.— Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  State  and  Randolph 
sts.  Twenty  stories  high— the  highest  building  in  the  city.  It  has  a  front- 
age of  170  feet  on  State  st.  by  114  feet  on  Randolph  st.,  and  is  entirely  sur- 
rounded by  streets  and  alleys.  The  building  rests  on  cement  and  iron 
foundations,  extending  far  out  into  the  adjacent  thoroughfares,  and  the 
superstructure  is  of  steel,  and  perfectlv  fire-proof  from  bottom  to  top.  The 
height  of  the  building  is  nearly  265  feet.  The  first  three  stories  are  faced 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  185 

with  dressed  red  Montello  granite,  from  Wisconsin,  with  glimpses  of  carv- 
ing, the  corners  being  ornamented  with  electral  layers.  The  remaining 
stories  are  faced  with  gray  brick  that  is  indistinguishable  from  granite, 
each  measuring  four  by  five  by  fourteen  inches.  Between  the  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth  stories  terra  cotta  of  the  same  shade  is  used.  No  particular 
style  of  architecture  can  be  predicated  of  this  building,  though  the  arches 
visible  on  some  parts  of  the  gigantic  facade  suggests  the  Romanesque. 
The  design  presents  a  faint  resemblance  of  a  main  building;  fronts  are 
finished  in  exactly  the  same  costly  and  elegant  style.  There  are  three  tiers 
of  deeply  recessed  bay  windows  on  each  front,  extending  from  the  third  to 
the  fifteenth  story,  both  inclusive.  The  windows  of  the  second  and  sixteenth 
stories  are  combined  in  groups  of  two,  within  deep  Roman  arches.  The 
seventeenth  story  is  treated  separately  from  the  rest  of  each  facade.  The 
entrance  is  through  an  immense  granite  arch  twenty-eight  feet  wide  and 
forty -two  feet  high  in  the  center  of  the  State  street  front.  [For  full  descrip- 
tion of  this  building,  interior,  elevator  service,  roof  garden,  views  from,  etc. 
see  "Guide"."] 

Mayer  Building.— Location,  S.  W.  Cor.  Van  Buren  and  Franklin  sts. 
Seven  stories.  Cost  $250,000. 

McCormick  Block. — S.  E.  Cor.  Randolph  and  Dearborn  sts.  A  recon- 
structed office  building  of  the  fire  period.  S.  E.  Gross  &  Co.  occupy  the  first 
floor.  Chas.  H.  Fuller's  Advertising  Agency  is  located  here, 

Me  Vicker's  Theatre  Building. — Location,  south  side  of  Madison,  between 
Dearborn  and  State  sts.  The  beautiful  office  structure  erected  by  Mr.  J.  H. 
McVicker,  in  front  of  his  elegant  theatre. 

Medinah  Temple. — Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  Fifth  ave.  and  Jackson  st.  Henry 
Ives  Cobb,  architect.  A  fire-proof  structure,  twelve  stories  high,  intended 
for  the  use  of  Chicago  Shriners;  cost  $500,000.  The  building  has  a  frontage 
of  110  feet  on  Fifth  ave.  and  115  feet  on  Jackson  st. ;  and  a  frontage  of  60  feet 
on  Quincy  st.  The  two  upper  floors  are  used  exclusively  as  halls;  Ihe 
remainder  of  the  building  is  divided  into  stoi'es  and  offices  for  manufact- 
urers' agents  and  representatives  of  wholesale  business  houses:  It  is  a 
handsome,  massive-appearing  structure.  The  features  of  ornamentation 
are  in  the  two  upper  stories,  while  the  facing  of  the  lower  stories  is  remarka- 
bly plain.  Two  main  entrances  open  into  the  building  from  the  two  street 
fronts.  Each  corner  of  the  building  is  sui-mounted  by  a  large,  open  turret, 
after  the  Moorish  style  of  architecture,  while  the  roof  slopes  sharply  and  is 
covered  with  tile. 

Mercantile  Building.— locution,  N.  W.  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Randolph  sts., 
near  the  tunnel  entrance.  A  general  office  building. 

Merchants'  Building.— location,  N.  W.  Cor.  Washington  and  LaSalle  sts. 
It  was  erected  shortly  after  the  fire,  when  sandstone  was  the  favorite  build- 
ing material,  and  when  it  was  customary  to  carry  the  main  floor  to  some 
height  above  the  street  level.  It  was  one  of  the  finest  buildings  in  the  city 
until  the  new  era  of  architecture  set  in.  Has  been  remodeled  and  modern- 
ized, and  now  ranks  as  a  first-class  office  building. 

Methodist  Church  Block.—  Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  Clark  and  Washington  sts. 
Notable  particularly  as  a  landmark.  It  has  no  architectural  points  worthy 
of  mention.  Owned  by  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  A  congregation 
hall  takes  up  a  large  portion  of  the  interior.  The  site  was  formerly  covered 
by  a  church  edifice. 

Minneola  Building.— Location,  La  Salle  ave.  and  Oak  st.  Seven  stories. 
Cost,  $117,000. 

Monadnock  Building. — Location,  Jackson  st.,  Custom  House  Place,  Dear- 
born and  Van  Buren  sts.  These  are  the  boundaries  of  the  structure  if  the 
southern  addition  is  taken  into  account.  The  latter,  however,  is  quite  unlike 
the  original.  Combined,  this  building  is  the  largest  office  structure  in  the 
city.  [See  "  Monadnock  Annex  "  and  "Guide."  | 

Monadnock  Building  Annex.— The  completion  of  the  southern  addition 
to  the  Monadnoek  building  makes  that  structure  the  greatest  office  building 


186  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

in  the  city.  It  has  a  total  street  frontage  of  940  feet.  The  addition  is  an 
exact  duplication  of  the  present  structure  and  stands  immediately  to  the 
south  fronting  on  Dearborn  and  Van  Buren  sts.,  extending  back  to  Custom 
House  Place  (formerly  Fourth  ave.)  It  has  a  frontage  on  Dearborn  st.  and 
Custom  House  Place  of  200  feet.  The  new  structure  inherits  the  name  of  the 
original,  and  the  consolidated  building  is  known  as  the  Monadnock.  It  was 
the  original  intention  to  name  the  southern  half  of  the  original  building  the 
"  Kearsarge."  This  resulted  in  confusion,  however,  and  the  name  was 
dropped  shortly  after  the  original  Monadnock  was  opened  for  the  reception 
of  tenants.  The  annex,  like  the  original  building,  was  built  by  the  Brooks 
estate  of  Boston,  Mass.  Its  cost  was  $800,000. 

Morion  Building. — Location,  west  side  of  Dearborn  St.,  between  Van 
Buren  and  Harrison  sts.  Fourteen  stories.  A  very  handsome  and  popular 
office  building.  Cost,  $800,000.  Monon  Railway  offices  are  located  here. 

Montauk  Building. — Location,  north  side  of  Monroe  st.,  between  Dear- 
born and  Clark  sts.  The  original  sky-scraper,  though  not  as  higti  as  dozens 
of  others  now.  A  general  office  building. 

Mosher  Hotel  Building.—  Location,  N.  W.  Cor.  Wabash  ave.  and  Twenty- 
eighth  st.  An  elegant  structure.  Cost,  $250>000. 

New  Era  Building.— A.  great  structure  erected  in  1892  at  the  intersection 
of  Blue  Island  ave.  and  Harrison  st.,  under  the  superintendence  of  Archi- 
tect Henry  Ives  Cobb ;  one  of  the  great  modern  structures  of  Chicago  and 
the  first  building  of  the  kind  erected  in  this  locality. 

Nixon  Building. — Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Monroe  sts.  A  his- 
toric structure.  This  building  was  almost  completed,  but  unoccupied, 
on  the  night  of  October  8,  1871,  when  the  great  conflagration  swept  over  the 
business  portion  of  the  South  side.  The  walls  and  partitions  were  injured 
very  little,  though  the  buildings  on  every  side  of  it  crumbled  into  ruins  and 
ashes.  It  was  finished  immediately  after  the  fire  and  was  one  of  the  first 
buildings  occupied  in  this  section.  It  bears  this  inscription  on  the  La  Salle 
st.  side: 


THIS  FIRE  PROOF  BUILDING 

WAS  THE  ONLY  ONE  IN  THE  CITY 

THAT  SUCCESSFULLY  STOOD  THE  TEST 

OP 

THE  GREAT  FIRE 
OF  OCT.  8THAND9TH,  1871. 


Old  Colony  Building.— Erected  by  the  Bartlett  estate,  at  the  S.  E.  Cor.  of 
Van  Buren  and  Dearborn  sts.  This  building  covers  the  entire  space  on  the 
corner  which  up  to  1892  was  occupied  by  a  number  of  small  frame  structures. 
In  order  to  release  these  buildings,  it  became  necessary  for  the  Bartlett 
heirs  to  give  the  tenants  $25,000.  The  structure  is  one  of  the  handsomest  in 
the  city  and  cost  $600,000. 

Open  Board  of  Trade  Building.— Location,  Pacific  ave.  opposite  Board 
of  Trade.  A  structure  of  no  uncommon  proportions  or  attractions.  First 
floor  used  as  trading  rooms  by  grain  and  produce  operators,  not  members  of 
Board  of  Trade.  Upper  portion  occupied  as  offices. 

Opera  House  Block. — This  is  one  of  the  most  imposing  structures  in  the 
city,  eleven  stories  in  height,  erected  in  1885  on  the  site  of  the  old  Tivol: 
Gardens,  once  a  popular  resort.  On  the  street  level  are  stores  with 
lofty  ceilings,  and  plate-glass  fronts  that  are  desirable  for  the  display  of 
goods.  In  the  main  lobby  are  six  rapid  elevators,  that  ai-e  constantly 
whizzing  up  and  down  in  their  iron  cages  on  either  side  of  the  entrance. 
The  walls  are  wainscoted  with  slate  and  marble  in  the  most  appi-oved 
fashion,  and  offices  are  arranged  either  single  or  en  suite  to  meet  the 
demands  of  all  professions.  Situated  in  the  center  of  this  vast  pile  of 
masonry  is  the  Opera  House.  The  building  is  fire-proof  throughout  and  is 
the  property  of  the  Peck  estate.  The  first  office  building  in  Chicago  to  go  to 
the  height  of  eleven  stories. 


188  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Otis  Building.— Location,  S.  W.  Cor.  of  Madison  and  La  Salle  sts.  An 
office  building1  of  the  fire  period  which  has  fallen  far  behind  the  times. 
Occupied  by  real  estate  and  insurance  men. 

Owings  Building.—  Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  of  Dearborn  and  Adams  sts., 
opposite  the  Post  Office.  Ai-chitecturally  one  of  the  handsomest  building's  in 
the  city.  The  general  style  vastly  different  from  the  ordinary  office  build- 
ings. Beautiful  facades  on  both  streets;  its  gables  and  portals  being  parti- 
cularly noticeable.  An  office  building.  [See  "Guide."] 

Owings,  F.  P.  Block.— Location,  232  to  236  Fifth  ave.  An  elegant  structure 
in  the  wholesale  dry  goods  district. 

Oxford  Building.— Location,  west  side  of  La  Salle,  between  Washington 
and  Randolph  sts.  A  remodelled  office  building,  with  handsome  exterior. 

Palmer  House  Building.— Location,  State  and  Monroe  sts.  and  Wabash 
ave.  Main  entrance  on  State  st. ;  ladies  entrance  on  Monroe  st.  The  bxiild- 
ing  occupies  abput  one-half  of  the  entire  block.  It  covers  an  area  of  76,550 
square  feet;  is  nine  stories  in  height;  has  708  rooms  and  accommodates 
usually  from  1,000  to  2,400  guests.  The  grand  rotunda  of  the  hotel  is  64  feet 
wide,  106  feet  long  and  36  feet  in  height.  The  dining  room  is  one  of  the  most 
elegant  in  Chicago.  The  parlors  and  waiting  rooms  are  superbly  furnished. 
The  entire  furnishings  and  fittings  of  the  house  are  of  the  first  order.  The 
Palmer  House  is  one  of  the  most  imposing  and  beautiful  structures  in  the 
city.  Mr.  Potter  Palmer  is  the  sole  proprietor  and  manager.  This  magnifi- 
cent hotel  was  destroyed  by  fire,  before  being  completed,  in  1871.  Hardly 
had  the  debris  cooled  off,  however,  ere  Mr.  Palmer  began  the  work  of  exca- 
vation for  the  new  structure.  A  great  part  of  the  time  during  the  rebuild- 
ing operation  workmen  were  employed  day  and'  night,  immense  calcium 
lights  being  used  after  the  sun  went  down.  The  new  Palmer  House  was 
opened  in  the  year  1873.  [See  "  Hotels."] 

Peck  Building.— Location,  S.  W.  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Washington  sts.,  (site 
•  of  Union  Building).  [See  "Stock  Exchange  Building,  New."] 

Phcenix  Building. — Location,  opposite  Grand  Pacific  hotel,  on  Jackson  st. 
A  handsome  ten-story  modern  office  building,  constructed  by  the  Phoenix 
Insurance  company,  but  purchased  in  1892  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
company,  which  has  established  it  central  operating  room  and  offices  here. 
Basement  and  first  floor  constructed  of  red  sand-stone ;  rest  of  brick  and 
terra  cotta.  Has  a  most  attractive  vestibule,  marble-lined,  Jackson  st. 
entrance.  Occupied  exclusively  as  a  bank,  insurance,  railroad  and  general 
office  building. 

Pontiac  Building.— Location,  N.  W.  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Harrison  sts.  A 
fourteen-story  structure,  property  of  the  Brooks  estate.  Occupied  by  print- 
ters,  publishers,  engravers,  etc.  A  handsome  structure. 

Portland  Block. — Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  Washington  and  Dearborn  sts. 
Built  soon  after  the  great  fire,  but  greatly  improved  in  1891;  cost  of  about 
8250,000.  One  of  the  handsomest  buildings  of  this  section  of  the  business 
center. 

Post  Office. — Location,  Dearborn,  Clark,  Adams  and  Jackson  sts.  A  mas- 
sive granite  structure  with  numerous  architectural  and  structural  faults. 
Likely  to  be  removed  to  give  place  to  a  modern  block.  [See  "Guide."] 

Potomac  Apartment  Building. — Location,  Michigan  ave.  and  Thirtieth 
st.  Eight  stories.  A  magnificent  building.  Cost,  $450,000. 

Public  Library  Building.— Location,  Michigan  ave.  Washington  and 
Randolph  sts.  This  building  occupies  what  was  formerly  a  public  square 
but  which  never  rose  to  the  dignity  of  a  park,  although  known  as  one  by  the 
name  of  Dearborn.  It  was  a  remnant  of  the  old  Fort  Dearborn  reservation 
the  use  of  which  was  granted  to  the  city  by  the  Government,  like  the  Lake 
Front  property  across  the  way,  providing  it  should  always  be  reserved  for 
or  devoted  to  public  purposes.  Several  attempts  were  made  to  secure  the 
erection  on  this  site  of  various  buildings  of  a  semi-public  or  semi-private 
character,  but  the  property  was  sacredly  guarded  by  the  city,  and  when  the 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  189 

question  of  erecting  a  Public  Library  Building:  became  serious  and  assumed 
tangible  shape,  the  site  was  freely  granted  for  this  purpose'  The  archi- 
tects, Messrs.  Shipley,  Rutan  &  Coolidge,  were  the  same  who  designed  the 
Art  Institute.  The  building,  which  is  140x400  feet  and  90  feet  in  height,  is 
massive,  and  the  lines  of  the  two  principal  stories  are  taken  as  the  division 
line  in  the  building.  The  building  throughout  is  classic.  The  large  arches 
with  columns  placed  on  a  heavy  course  above  suggested  by  the  ancient 
gateway  at  Athens,  which  separated  the  Roman  from  the  Grecian  City. 
This  colonnade  is  composed  of  colums  of  the  Ionic  order,  interspersed  every 
third  space  by  solid  piers.  The  frieze  that  surmounts  the  colonnade  is  in- 
scribed with  the  names  of  historic  writers.  Above  this  a  ballustrade 
gives  a  light  and  fitting  termination  to  the  delicately  molded  cornice  below. 
The  Washington  st.  entrance  is  one  large  arch  which  shows  a  depth  of 
about  eight  feet.  This  has  been  treated  in  true  Roman  method  with  coffers 
and  suitable  ornamentation.  Above  this  is  a  balcony  supported  by  brackets, 
and  the  panel  which  bears  the  inscription  "  Chicago  Public  Library."  The 
idea  in  the  entrance  was  to  make  it  extremely  rich,  and  offset  this  by  the 
plain  wall  surface  of  the  building.  On  either  side  are  lanterns,  and  above 
shields  bearing  the  municipal  arms.  The  Randolph  st.  entrance  is  also  in 
classic  style,  but  massive  columns  and  entablature  are  used  in  place  of  an 
arch.  This  entablature  forms  the  roof  of  the  portico.  The  intention  through- 
out was  to  give  the  building  as  much  a  monumental  character  as  possible,  at 
the  same  time  keeping  the  openings  very  large,  so  as  to  admit  the  greatest 
possible  amount  of  light,  The  material  in  the  exterior  walls  is  blue  Bedford 
stone,  finely  dressed,  with  the  exception  of  the  water  table,  where  granite 
is  used  of  a  color  in  harmony  with  the  limestone.  The  roof  is  of  copper. 
The  balustrade  on  the  top  of  the  building  is  limestone ;  the  same  as  the 
exterior  walls;  the  divisions  of  the  windows  are  of  iron.  In  the  interior  in 
the  entrance  hall  and  corridors  the  floor  is  of  marble  mosaic.  The  main 
staircase  and  the  walls  of  the  entrance  vestibules,  both  on  Washington  and 
Randolph  sts,,  and  the  corridors  leading  from  them  are  marble.  The  ceiling 
is  of  a  light  cream-colored  terra  cotta,  decorated  artistically.  The  smaller 
stair  cases  are  made  of  iron.  The  delivery -room  is  wainscoted  with  marble 
to  a  height  of  eleven  feet  six  inches.  The  walls  above  this  are  treated  in 
cream-colored  terra  cotta,  modeled  and  decorated,  with  a  low  eliptical  dome 
forming  a  sky-light  over  the  room.  The  floor  in  this  room  is  marble. 
The  large  reading-room  has  a  base  of  marble,  and  the  wall  surface  which  is 
treated  everywhere  in  the  form  of  pilasters,  is  in  light-colored  terra  cotta, 
with  a  modeled  frieze  of  the  terra  cotta,  with  an  enriched  ceiling  of  the  same 
material.  The  large  reference-room  is  treated  in  the  same  material,  but 
with  different  detail.  The  binding-room,  duplicate-room  and  janitor's  room, 
on  the  ground  floor,  are  finished  in  light  brick  with  a  marble  base.  The 
walls  of  the  stack-room  are  built  of  white  enamel  brick  and  the  floor  of 
unglazed  tile,  making  this  room  as  light  and  clean  and  free  from  dust  as 
possible.  The  bound  newspaper  rooms,  the  patent  record  rooms,  the  public 
document-room,  the  station  department-room  and  the  reading  room,  on  the 
ground  floor,  together  with  the  librarian's  room,  secretary's  room  registry 
room  and  cataloguing-room  on  the  main  floor,  and  the  art  rooms,  the  com- 
mittee and  director's  rooms,  the  map-room  and  the  bound  periodical-room 
have  a  dado  of  Keene  cement  and  floors  of  hardwood.  The  walls  above 
the  dado  together  with  the  ceilings,  are  plastered.  Wood  finish,  where- 
ever  used,  is  quartered  oak.  The  floors  are  steel  beams  and  porous  terra 
cotta  or  hollow  tile  arches.  Girders,  wherever  used,  arecai'efully  protected 
by  a  covering  of  terra  cotta,  with  an  airspace  securely  fastened  in  position. 
The  exterior  walls  are  faced  with  hollow  brick,  or  built  with  a  ventilated 
air  space  to  insure  protection  from  dampness. 

Pullman  Building. — Location,  S.  W.  Cor.  Michigan  ave.  and  Adams  st. 
This  building  was  erected  by  George  M.  Pullman,  president  of  the  Pullman 
Palace  Car  Company.  It  is  a  massive  and  elegant  structure  nine  stories  in 
height.  It  is  contructed  of  bi-ick  with  granite  and  terra  cotta  ornaments. 
The  ornamental  work  on  the  Adams  st.  facade  consists  of  low  polished 
granite  pillars  which  support  eleven  round  arches,  forming  arcades.  The 


190  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Interior  court  opens  on  Adams  st.  in  the  center  of  the  building.  It  is  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  in  the  city,  and  the  vestibule,  by  which  it  is  entered, 
presents  a  rich  and  elegant  view  to  the  visitor.  Stairways  rise  from  either 
side  of  a  great  semi-circular  arch.  The  Pullman  building  ranks  among  the 
first  architectural  ornaments  of  the  city.  It  is  always  admired  by  visitors. 
The  Pullman  Company  occupy  the  entire  second  floor.  Mr.  Pullman's  office 
is  to  be  found  to  the  left  of  the  vestibule.  The  offices  are  finished  in  hard 
wood  in  which  there  is  a  general  resemblance  to  the  interior  finish  of  the 
finest  Pullman  Palace  Cars.  The  Pullman  offices  are  elegantly  fitted  up. 
From  this  building  is  conducted  the  business  of  the  Pullman  Palace  Car 
Company,  which  extends  over  the  entire  country,  and  into  portions  of 
Europe.  [See  "Pullman."] 

Rand-McNally  Building.— "Location,  Adams  St.,  between  La  Salle  st.  and 
Fifth  ave.  Notable  as  having  been,  during  the  period  of  construction  the 
headquarters  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition.  It  has  ten  stories  and  a 
basement,  with  a  frontage  of  150  feet  on  Adams  st.,  extending  back  166  feet  to 
Quincy  st.  The  framework  is  entirely  of  steel,  the  two  fronts  are  fire- 
proofed  with  dark-red  terra-cotta,  in  handsome  designs,  and  the  interior  is 
fire-proofed  with  hard-burnt  fire-clay,  no  part  of  the  steel  being  exposed. 
In  the  center  of  the  building  is  left  a  court  60x66  feet,  having  its  outer  walls 
faced  with  English  white  enamelled  bricks.  Burnham  &  Root  were  the 
architects.  It  contains  15  miles  of  steel-railway-65-pound  rails  in  the  founda- 
tion, besides  the  12-inch  and  20-inch  steel  beams.  There  are  12  miles  of  15- 
inch  steel  beams  and  channels,  2l/2  miles  of  ties  and  angles  in  the  roof;  7 
miles  of  tie  rods;  10 miles  of  Z  steel  in  the  columns;  12  miles  of  steam-pipe ; 
350, 000  rivets  and  bolts;  7  acres  of  floors;  the  boards  of  which  would  reach 
250  miles,  were  they  laid  end  to  end.  The  foundations  contain  1,000  tons  of 
steel,  while  the  beams,  etc.,  will  weigh  2,000tpns,  and  the  columns  700  'tons; 
making  a  total  of  3,700  tons  of  steel  in  this  giant  structure. 

Real  Estate  Board  Building. — Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Ran- 
dolph st.  A  reconstructed  office  building;  first-class  in  all  its  appointments. 

Reaper  Block.—  Location,  N.W.  Cor.  of  Washington  and  Clark  sts.  Derives 
its  name  from  the  business  in  which  its  builder,  the  late  Cyrus  H.  McCor- 
mick,  was  engaged,  the  manufacture  of  reapers.  It  is  one  of  the  handsomest 
of  the  old  office  structures,  and  one  of  the  best  known. 

Republic  Life  Building.— Location,  east  side  of  La  Salle,  between  Madison 
and  Monroe  sts.  Built  by  the  insurance  company  from  which  it  derived 
its  name,  long  since  gone  out  of  existence.  This  building  was  used  by  the 
Custom  House  and  United  States  courts  for  several  years  after  the  fire,  or 
until  the  present  government  building  was  erected.  Now  it  is  an  office 
building. 

Reynold's  Building.— Location,  Cottage  Grove  ave.  and  Fifty-second  st. 
Seven  stories.  Cost  $200.000. 

Rialto  Building. — Location,  Van  Buren  st.,  Pacific  ave.  and  Sherman  St., 
directly  in  the  rear  of  the  Board  of  Trade  building,  and  connected  with  the 
latter  by  bridge.  This  is  exclusively  an  office  building,  constructed  with  a 
view  to  accommodating  commission  men.  brokers,  etc.,  doing  business  on 
Change.  The  building  is  constructed  of-  massive  granite  blocks  and  is 
uniform  in  height  with  the  Board  of  Trade. 

Rookery  Building.— Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Adams  sts.  A 
twelve-story  structure  and  one  of  the  most  beautiful  commercial  buildings 
in  the  world.  It  cost,  exclusive  of  the  ground  upon  which  it  stands  (the 
property  of  the  municipality),  very  nearly  $1,500,000.  It  is  finished  in  the 
most  expensive  fashion  throughout.  There  isn't  a  cheap  feature  connected 
with  it.  The  grand  rotunda  is  in  itself  a  beautiful  bit  of  architecture,  but 
the  building,  to  be  properly  appreciated,  must  be  taken  as  a  whole.  There 
is  not  a  commercial  structure  in  the  world  that  compares  with  it  in  size,  in 
elegance,  or  in  convenience.  There  are  three  distinct  groups  of  elevators, 
two  on  the  La  Salle  st.  and  one  on  the  Adams  st.  side,  and  the  people  occu- 
pying the  top  floors  are  practically  as  well  situated,  so  far  as  accessibility 


192  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

is  concerned,  as  those  on  the  first  floor.  The  mosaic  work  in  the  strtu'tim1 
is  superb.  Like  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  ami  Home  Insurance  buildings, 
the  wainscoting  is  all  of  Italian  marble.  Every  room  in  the  building  is 
lighted  perfectly.  There  is  not  the  slightest  jar  felt  here,  and  those  in  the 
upper  stories  are  practically  removed  from  the  noise  and  bustle  of  the 
streets  below.  There  are  over  600  offices  here,  all  occupied,  the  tenants 
being  principally  Board  of  Trade  men,  agents  of  eastern  and  foreign  mer- 
cantile houses,  agents  of  manufacturing  concerns,  real  estate  dealers,  bro- 
kers and  lawyers.  [See  "Guide."] 

Royal  Insurance  Building. — Location,  Jackson,  near  La  Salle  st.,  run- 
ning from  the  former  to^Quincy  st.  Two  fronts,  ten  stories  high.  Built  of 
red  granite,  with  ornamental  carving.  The  interior  has  a  beautiful  court. 
The  Royal  Insurance  Company  of  London,  is  the  owner. 

Rubens  Building. — Location,  Cass  st.  and  Walton  pi.  Seven  stories;  cost, 
$150,000. 

Schiller  Building. — Location,  north  side  of  Randolph,  near  Clark  st. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  palatial  among  the  great  structures  that  have 
recently  been  erected  in  Chicago.  The  main  entrance  from  the  street  is  in 
the  center  of  the  structure,  and  has  a  width  of  32  feet.  This  leads  to  the 
auditorium  of  the  theatre.  The  floor  and  wainscoting  are  mosaic  and  mar- 
ble. From  the  loggia  one  passes  through  two  vestibules  before  reaching 
the  foyer.  The  ticket  office  is  located  in  the  inner  vestibule.  From  this 
vestibule  four  elevators  are  accessible.  These  are  principally  for  the 
service  of  the  hotel  and  club  room  part  of  the  establishment.  From  the 
foyer  visitors  reach  the  main  body  of  the  house  by  means  of  marble  stairs 
eight  feet  wide.  These  stairs  continue  upward  till  the  floor  of  the  balcony 
is  reached,  whence  tunnels  or  shafts  lead  through  to  the  seats,  as  at  the 
Auditorium,  then  on  to  the  top  of  the  balcony  and  again  still  higher  to  the 
gallery.  The  dimensions  of  the  auditorium,  including  the  foyer,  are  60  by 
90  feet.  It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  1,300  in  round  numbers.  One  balcony 
and  one  gallery  besides  the  main  floor  comprise  the  seating  department. 
Six  boxes  at  the  proscenium  arch  are  on  a  level  with  the  parquet.  There 
are  three  on  each  side.  The  proscenium  arch  is  29  feet  wide  and  30  feet 
high.  The  stage  itsejf  occupies  an  area  40x80  feet,  with  ample  dressing 
room  accommodations  both  above  and  below.  Corridors  at  each  side  of  the 
auditorium  lead  back  to  the  alley  at  the  rear  of  the  building,  and  can  be 
utilized  as  exits  whenever  the  necessity  arises.  The  interior  decoration  of 
the  auditorium  are  of  ornamental  stucco,  and  all  the  stairs  are  marble. 
Immediately  over  the  auditorium  and  stage  enormous  steel  trusses  two 
stories  in  height,  and  with  a  clear  space  of  60  feet  4  inches,  furnish  support 
for  seven  stories  of  hotel  rooms  and  store  rooms.  The  balcony  and  gallery 
are  supported  by  steel  girders  extending  across  the  building  from  wall  to 
wall.  Thus  no  unsightly  columns  and  suspension  rods  appear  in  the  audi- 
torium, as  in  most  theatres  to  obstruct  the  view  of  playgoers.  The  hotel 
part  has  131  bed  rooms.  Then  there  are  thirty-eight  bath  rooms,  so  arranged 
that  they  can  be  used  privately  in  connection  with  the  bed  rooms,  or  semi- 
publicly,  by  throwing  them  open  to  the  corridors.  The  dining  room,  kitchen 
and  working  department,  important  features  of  a  hotel,  are  in  the  ninth 
story.  The  dimensions  of  the  dining  room  are  40x76  feet.  The  hotel  office  is 
on  the  ground  floor  to  the  west  of  the  main  entrance,  and  can  be  entered  by 
means  of  an  entrance  of  its  own.  The  parlors  are  on  the  entresol  floor. 
The  hotel  extends  to  the  top  of  the  tower.  [See  "Amusements"  and 
"Hotels."]  The  Schiller  is  a  fireproof  building  that  is  really  filreproof.  It  is 
built  after  the  skeleton  system  of  steel  construction  and  rests  on  a  foundation 
of  piling  driven  sixty-two  feet  below  the  street  level,  and  covered  with  more 
than  300  tons  of  steel  rails,  I  beams,  and  plate  girders,  all  imbedded  in  con- 
crete of  the  firmest  and  most  durable  kind.  The  foundation  is  a  solid  one 
and  is  capable  of  sustaining  the  weight  upon  it  if  all  the  soil  surrounding  it 
should  be  removed.  The  iron  frame  work  sustains  the  building  and  the 
brick  walls  bear  little  weight  besides  their  own.  The  walls  are  firmly 
anchored  to  the  steel  skeleton,  insuring  absolute  stability.  The  architects 
agree  that  the  Schiller  building  will  stand  motionless  during  the  ninety- 


GENERAL  INFORMATION. 


193 


nine  years  the  ground  it  occupies  is  leased.  The  building  cost  $700,000. 
Five-hundred  thousand  dollars  of  this  sum  is  paid  by  the  sale  of  5,000  shares 
in  the  German  Opera-House  company  of  Chicago,  the  owners,  and  the 
remaining  $200,000 is  paid  for  in  6  per  cent  first  mortgage  bonds  redeemable 
in  twenty  years.  An  effort  was  made  to  provide  offices  suitable  for  any 
class  of  tenants.  The  basement  is  rented  for  $7,500  a  year,  the  theatre  for 
$35,000,  and  the  club  rooms  in  the  twelfth  story  for  $5,000.  The  other  por- 
tions of  the  building  bring  in  a  revenue  of  about  $103,000  a  year.  All  halls 
and  corridors  have  mosaic  floors.  Georgia  and  Italian  marble  are  freely 
used  in  the  stairways  and  corridors.  The  decorations  areelaborate  every- 
where. 

Security  Building.— Lo- 
cation,  S.  E.  Cor.  Madison 
st.  and  Fifth  ave.  A  four- 
teen story  structure,  ar- 
ranged in  the  upper  floors 
for  the  accommodation  of 
attorneys,  real  estate 
agents,  brokers,  architects, 
mercantile  and  manufac- 
turers' agents.  One  of  the 
most  substantial  and  at- 
tractive office  buildings  in 
the  city.  It  is  strictly  fire- 
proof, the  entire  building 
from  foundation  to  roof 
being  composed  of  con- 
crete,  steel  rails,  steel 
beams,  rick,  fireproof  tiling 
and  stone.  There  are  four 
high-speed  elevators. 
Every  floor  has  its  safety 
deposit  vault.  It  is  fur- 
nished with  gas  and  electric 
lights  and  is  steam  heated. 
Thebuildinghasall  modern 
improvements.  The  ex- 
terior is  highly  ornamental, 
presenting  a  much  more 
pleasing  appearance  than 
many  of  the  high  struct- 
ures. The  overhangi n-g 
cornice  i  at  the  top  adds 
greatly  to  its  beauty. 

Sherman  House  Build- 
ing.— Located,  N.  W.  Cor. 
Clark  and  Randolph  sts., 
opposite  the  north  entrance 
to  the  Court  House.  This 
is  a  landmark  and  one  of 
the  historic  structures  of 
the  city,  marking  as  it 
does  the  site  which  has 


MODEL  APARTMENT  HOUSE.— See  Flats,  Etc. 


been  familiar  to  Chicagoans  from  the  earliest  settlement  of  the  place. 
One  of  the  first  mayors  of  the  city  had  his  blacksmith  shop  here,  and  the 
original  Sherman  House  was  erected  on  the  spot  by  Francis  C.  Sherman, 
who  afterward  became  the  fifth  mayor  of  the  city,  in  1836.  This  was  an 
humble  building.  Mr.  Sherman  very  considerably  enlarged,  remodeled  and 
improved  it  in  1861,  and  up  to  the  time  of  the  great  fire  of  1871  it  was  the 
most  pretentious  hotel  in  the  city.  It  fell  before  the  enemy  on  the  night  of 
October  8,  1871,  but  was  soon  rebuilt  as  it  stands  to-day.  The  hotel  takes 
its  name  from  Mayor  Sherman,  and  not  from  the  famous  union  general,  as 
many  suppose. 


194  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Springfield  Building.— Location,  Wabash  ave.  and  Twelfth  st.  Eight 
stories  high.  Cost,  150,000. 

St.  Mary's  Block.— Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  Michigan  st.  and  Wabash  ave. 
Occupies  site  of  St.  Mary's  Catholic  church.  A  business  block. 

Staats  Zeitung  Building. — Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  Fifth  ave.  and  Washington 
st.  Erected  by  the  Staat's  Zeitung  (Newspaper)  company,  after  the  great 
fire  of  '71.  One  of  the  most  solid  and  elegant  structures  in  Chicago.  Granite 
is  the  material  used,  and  the  facades,  as  well  as  the  roof  cornices,  are 
relieved  and  embellished  with  statuary.  Home  of  the  Staats  Zeitung. 
[See  "Newspapers."] 

Stock  Exchange  Building. — Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  Dearborn,  and  Monroe 
sts.  A  building  of  the  fire  period,  remodeled.  Rather  a  plain,  brick  struct- 
ure. Occupied  by  stock  operators,  brokers,  etc.  Stock  Exchange  to  be 
moved  into  new  Stock  Exchange  bldg.,  S.  W.  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Washington 
Sts,  site  of  the  Union  bldg.  [See  "  Stock  Exchange  Building,  New."] 

Stock  Exchange  Building,  New.— Location,  S.  W.  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Wash- 
ington sts. ;  to  occupy  site  of  Union  bldg.  Owned  by  the  Peck  estate.  The 
building  will  be  half  a  block  long  on  La  Salle  St.,  reaching  from  the  alley  to 
the  corner,  a  distance  of  180  feet,  and  100  feet  on  Washington  st.  It  will  cost 
$1.250,000.  It  will  be  a  high,  modern-built  fire-proof  structure,  equal  to  any 
office  building  in  the  city.  The  corner,  100  feet,  is  owned  by  the  Peck  estate. 
The  adjoining  80  feet,  on  La  Salle  St.,  is  leased  for  ninety-nine  years  from 
William  A.Fuller;  the  lease  was  on  the  basis  of  $600,000  for  the  80  feet,or  $7,500 
a  front  foot  at  5  per  cent.  The  building  will  be  all  stone,  or  stone  and  terra 
cotta,  and  the  interior  will  be  of  steel,  finished  in  marble  with  mosaic  floors. 
Nothing  will  be  omitted  in  the  way  of  rich  interior  ornamentation.  The  struct- 
ure will  cost  more  per  cubic  foot  than  any  office  building  in  the  city.  Work 
will  begin  on  it  at  the  expiration  pf  leases  of  present  tenants,  May  1,  1893, 
and  will  be  completed  one  year  from  that  date.  The  total  investment,  land 
and  building,  will  represent  an  outlay  of  $3,000,000. 

Stone  Building.— Location,  intersection  of  Ashland  and  Ogden  aves- 
and  West  Madison  st.  This  structure  one  of  the  handsomest  in  Chicago, 
and  the  first  office  buildings  to  be  erected  on  the  West  side.  The  first  two 
stories  are  of  brown  granite,  with  French  plate-glass  front.  There  is  a 
main  entrance  from  Madison  st.  consisting  of  granite  pillars  supporting  an 
arch.  The  floors  of  the  vestibule  ana  hall  are  of  marble.  The  building  has 
a  frontage  of  66  feet  on  Madison  st.,  97  feet  on  Ogden  ave.,  and  71  feet  on 
Ashland  ave.  The  height  of  building  from  sidewalk  to  main  roof  is  100  feet, 
There  are  two  isets  of  bay  windows  on  the  Ogden  ave.  side  and  one  on  eacn 
of  the  other  sides.  A  circular  tower  crowns  each  corner.  The  architec- 
tural design  is  a  modification  of  the  French  renaissance  known  rs  the  flam- 
boyant. 

Studebaker  Building. — Location,  Michigan  ave.  between  Van  Buren  ana 
Congress  sts.  This  handsome  structure  stands  between  the  Auditorium 
and  the  old  Art  Institute,  now  the  Chicago  Club  bldg.  It  has  an  elegant 
facade,  rising  to  the  height  of  the  Auditorium.  Occupied  by  the  Studebaker 
Bros.,  carriage  manufacturers. 

Tacoma  Building.—  Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  Madison  and  LaSalle  sts.  The 
first  fourteen-story  building  erected  in  the  city,  and  one  of  the  most  grace- 
ful. It  is  of  the  steel  frame,  brick-mask  pattern,  and  has  about  500  office 
rooms. 

Telephone  Building.— Location,203  Washington  st.  Central  office  of  the 
Chicago  Telephone  Co.  A  beautiful  structure. 

Temple,  The.— Sometimes  called  "The  Womans'  Temple,"  and  again 
"The  Temperance  Temple,"  properly,  however,  "  The  Temple."  Location, 
S.  W.  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Monroe  sts.  This  structure  is  fully  described  in  the 
"  Guide  "  department.  It  is  constructed  of  granite,  marble,  brick  and  steel ; 
thirteen  stories  high,  and  cost  $1,100,000. 

Temple  Court  Building.— Location,  217  Dearborn  St.,  opposite  the  Post- 
office.  A  handsome  modern  office  structure . 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.! 

THAYER  &  JACKSON   STATIONERY   GO'S   BUILDING. 

[245  and  247  State  St.,  Near  Jackson.] 


196  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Teutonic  Building.— Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  Washington  st.  and  Fifth  ave. 
This  building  stands  upon  the  site  of  the  old  Teutonia  building,  in  years 
gone  by  named  after  and  occupied  by  the  Teutonia  Life  Insurance  Co.  It  is  a 
ten  story  structure  and  covers  60x80  feet.  Owners,  W.  C.  Seipp  and  T.  J, 
Lefens.  The  interior  is  beautifully  fitted  up.  The  exterior  is  imposing. 

Times  Building.— Location,  N,  W.  Cor.  of  Fifth  ave.  and  Washington  st. 
Erected  by  Wilbur  F.  Storey  as  the  home  of  The  Chicago  Times  after  the 
great  fire.  Considered  for  many  years  a  wonderfvil  structure  but  now  over- 
shadowed by  many  others.  It  is  occupied  by  The  Times,  The  Freie  Presse 
and  many  other  newspaper  offices,  printing  establishments,  etc. 

Title  and  Trust  Building.— Location,south  side  of  Washington, near  Clark 
st.  A  fourteen  story  structure  erected  for  office  piirposes,  by  the  Cook  County 
Abstract  and  Trust  Co.,  at  a  cost  of  $600,000.  This  building  is  constructed 
on  the  steel  frame  plan,  the  floors  being  entirely  independent  of  the  walls. 
It  is  finished  in  marble  and  hardwood,  has  excellent  elevator  service  and  is 
occupied  by  lawyers,  real  estate  agents  and  brokers,  etc.  The  first  floor  is 
given  up  in  great  part  to  the  banking  house  of  Herman  Schaffner  &  Co. 

Traders'  Building. — Location,  10  Pacific  ave.,  opposite  Board  of  Trade. 
A  great  office  building  for  the  accommodation  of  grain  and  produce  com- 
mission men. 

Tremont  House  Building.— 'Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  Lake  and  Dearborn  sts. 
A  beautiful  structure,  built  after  the  fire  of  1871,  as  successor  to  two  other 
houses  of  the  same  name  destroyed  by  fire.  The  faca.Jes  of  the  building  are 
very  attractive.  The  general  style  is  a  relief  from  the  severity  of  plainness 
noticeable  in  many  of  the  great  buildings  of  the  city.  The  interior  is  fitted 
up  with  elegance  and  taste.  [See  "Hotels"  and  "  Guide. '•'] 

Tribune  Building. — Location,  S.  E.  Cor.  Madison  and  Dearborn  sts. 
A  handsome  brown-stone  structure  erected  after  the  fire  of  1871.  Fitted  up 
expressly  for  the  publication  of  a  great  daily  newspaper.  The  basement, 
first  floor  and  three  upper  floors,  as  well  as  offices  on  the  second  floor,  are 
occupied  by  The  Tribune;  the  remainder  as  general  offices.  Though  lacking 
the  height  and  perhaps  much  of  the  architectural  finish  which  characterize 
structures  erected  at  a  later  period,  the  Tribune  building  is  pointed  out  as 
one  of  the  ornaments  of  the  business  section.  The  visitor  will  note  the 
counting  room  on  the  corner,  a  beautiful  business  office.  [See  "News- 
papers."] 

Union  Building. — Location,  S.  W.  Cor.  Washington  and  La  Salle  sts.  A 
great  office  building  erected  after  the  fire.  To  be  torn  down  to  make  room 
for  the  new  Stock  Exchange  bldg.,  to  be  erected  by  the  Peck  estate.  [See 
"Guide,"  and  "Stock  Exchange  Building,  New."] 

U.  S.  Appraiser's  Building. — Location,  Harrison  and  Sherman  sts.  Used 
for  storage,  for  bonded  goods  and  as  offices  for  the  United  States  Appraiser 
in  this  city.  The  principal  entrance  is  on  Harrison  st.  From  foundation 
to  roof  the  structure  is  built  with  a  view  to  solidity  and  strength,  and  the 
contractors  claim  that  it  cannot  be  sufficiently  overloaded  with  merchan- 
dise to  affect  its  stability  in  the  least.  It  is  likewise  fireproof  and 
braced  and  anchored  throughout.  The  interior  finish  is  simple  but  neat 
and  in  keeping  with  the  outward  solid  appearance.  White  oak,  highly  pol- 
ished, is  used  exclusively  for  wood-work,  excepting  the  flooring  in  office 
and  storage  rooms,  where  yellow  pine  is  substituted.  In  the  corridors  tiling 
is  utilized  for  floors,  and  the  walls  here  and  around  the  stairways  is 
imported  yellow  enameled  brick.  The  plastering  is  all  laid  on  fire-proofing. 
Iron  stairways  to  the  left  of  the  main  entrance  and  one  passenger  elevator 
furnish  people  the  means  of  entrance  and  exit.  Two  large  freight  elevators 
are  also  provided  for  the  handling  of  merchandise. 

U.  S.  Custom  House.— [See  "  Post  Office,"  also  "  Guide."] 

U.  S  Express  Building.— Location,  north  side  of  Washington  st.,  between 
Dearborn  and  Clark  sts.  A  remodeled  sti'ucture.  Central  offices  of  the 
United  States  and  Pacific  Express  Companies.  Upper  floor  used  as  offices. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  197 

Unity  Building. — Location,  Dearborn  st.  near  Washington;  sixteen 
stories  high.  This  is  one  of  the  most  magnificent  of  Chicago's  "sky- 
scrapers," and  is  noted  particularly  for  its  beautiful  interior.  Attracting 
universal  attention  from  citizen  and  stranger  alike,  because  of  its  immense 
height,  it  more  than  repays  an  inspection,  not  only  for  its  beauty  but  what 
modern  architecture  and  science  backed  by  capital  and  determination  to 
excel  can  do  in  making  a  palace  of  a  business  building,  should  the  building 
be  visited  by  strangers.  The  Unity  is  of  steel,  iron,  granite,  brick  and  tile 
construction.  For  two  stories  and  a  half  a  massive  front  of  red  rock-faced 
Bay  of  Fundy  granite  rises,  pierced  by  a  large  Roman  arch,  giving  entrance 
to  the  building,  making  an  impressive  and  graceful  facade.  Above  this  the 
walls  are  of  finest  buff  pressed  brick.  Entering  through  the  great  arch  of 
the  portal,  rising  to  the  height  of  a  story  and  a  half,  the  walls  of  the  outer 
vestibule  are  composed  of  Numidian,  Alps,  Green  and  Sienna  marbles. 
Over  the  inner  door  is  an  artistic  screen  of  glass  and  bronze.  Passing 
through  the  rotunda  the  eye  is  dazzled  by  its  surpassingly  brilliant  beauty, 
designed  in  the  style  of  the  Italian  renaissance.  From  the  floor  of  the 
marble  mosaic  whose  graceful  design  and  harmonious  color  combinations 
are  taken  from  the  best  example  of  the  renaissance  in  the  Old  World,  rises 
walls  of  Italian  marble  to  the  height  of  two  stories.  These  are  broken  at 
the  first  story  by  a  marble  balcony  with  marble  balusters  and  balustrades, 
which  run  around  the  rotunda,  giving  entrance  to  the  first  story  banking 
rooms.  Large  Corinthian  pillars  with  brackets  and  caps  finely  carved  sup- 
port the  balcony  and  ceiling.  To  the  right  a  marble  stairway  with  balus- 
trade of  the  same  design,  leads  up  to  it.  To  the  left  is  the  stairway  leading 
to  the  upper  floors,  next  the  high  speed  passenger  elevators,  whose  lattice 
work  front  in  heavy  silver  plate  is  also  in  the  renaissance.  A  rich  Corin- 
thian cornice  with  consols  gilded,  borders  the  ceiling,  which  is  divided  by 
heavy  marble  beams  into  three  panels  filled  with  rosettes  in  deep  relief 
covered  with  gold  leaf.  The  entire  decorative  work  was  done  by  George  H. 
Nesbot  &  Co.  of  243  Wabash  ave.  this  city.  From  each  panel  are  suspended 
silver  chandeliers  of  graceful  and  unique  design,  whose  electrical  lights 
giving  brilliant  luster  to  the  artistic,  exquisitely  harmonious  blending  and 
contrasts  of  colors  and  material,  make  this  splendid  marble  hall  a  beautiful 
sight.  This  combination  of  marble  and  silver  is  carried  up  the  entire  six- 
teen stories.  The  upper  floors  have  two  corridors  at  right  angles  with  the 
elevators  and  stairway  at  the  point  of  meeting,  giving  the  maximum  amount 
of  convenience  in  access  to  offices,  and  giving  every  room  outside  frontage 
and  abundance  of  daylight.  The  building  has  266  suites  or  800  offices. 

Van  Buren  Building.— Location,  north  side  of  Van  Buren,  between  Fifth 
ave.  and  Franklin  st.  Cost,  $150,000. 

Venetian  Building. — Location,  south  side  of  Washington  st.,  near  State, 
back  of  Columbus  building  and  facing  Marshall  Field's  retail  house.  A 
beautiful  twelve  story  structure,  occupied  by  stores  on  the  first  floor  and 
by  offices  above.  The  offices  are  mainly  occupied  by  medical  specialists  and 
professional  people  generally.  The  building  is  splendidly  lighted  and  fin- 
ished tastefully.  Cost,  $300,000. 

Vendome  Hotel  Building.— Location;  Oglesby  ave.,  Cor.  62d  st.  Eight 
stories  tfigh.  Cost,  $900,000. 

Virginia  Hotel  Building.— Location,  78  Rush  st.,  North  side.  One  of  the 
largest  and  most  beautiful  family  hotel  structures  in  the  country.  [See 
"Hotels."] 

West  Side  Theatre  Buildin g.— Location,  N.  W.  Cor.  Madison  st.  and 
Ogden  ave.  Projected.  To  cost  $200,000. 

Western  Bank  Note  and  Engraving  Co.'s  Building. — Location,  Michigan 
ave.  and  Madison  st.  Erected  in  1891.  Eight  stories  high.  Frontage, 
80x110  feet.  The  exterior  of  the  building  is  free  from  ornamentation  but 
bears  a  solid  appearance,  appropriate  to  the  object  for  which  it  was  erected. 
It  is  absolutely  fire-proof.  The  intei-ior  is  finished  throughout  in  marble  and 
red  oak.  All  of  the  modern  and  scientific- appliances  are  brought  into  play 
for  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  tenants.  The  first  floor  is  given  over  to 


198 


GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 


stores,  the  second,  third  and  fourth  to  offices  and  the  remainder  of  the 
building-  is  occupied  by  the  Western  Bank  Note  and  Engraving  Company. 
[See  "  Western  Bank  Note  and  Engraving  Company."] 

Wheeler  Building.— Location,  6  Sherman  st.  A  building  of  the  general 
Board  of  Trade  district  style,  erected  for  the  accommodation  of  commission 
men,  brokers,  etc. 

Wholesale  Buildings.— The  buildings  located  in  the  two  great  wholesale 
districts  of  the  city  [Wabash  ave.,  from  Monroe  st.  north,  Michigan  ave., 

from  Randolph  st.  south,  Lake 
St.,  South  Water  and  River  sts., 
east  of  State,  comprising  one 
district;  and  the  other  bounded 
by  Fifth  ave.,  Madison  st.,  Van 
Buren  st.  and  the  river],  are, 
•with  few  exceptions,  elegant 
modern  structures.  It  is  im- 
possible to  describe  them  all. 
Those  most  worthy  of  attention 
from  visitors,  are  the  Marshall 
Field  bldg.,  the  Farwell  block, 
the  James  H.  Walker  bldg.,  the 
Henry  W.  King  bldg.,  the  C.  M. 
Henderson  bldg.,  the  Sweet- 
Demster  bldg.,  and  the  C.  P. 
Kellogg  bldg. 

Wilson  Building.— Location, 
Fifth  ave.  and  Jackson  st.  Ten 
stories  high.  Cost  $250,000. 

T.  M.  C.  A.  Building.— Loca- 
tion, east  side  of  La  Salle  st. 
Cor.  of  Arcade  court,  near  Madi- 
son st.  Jenney  &  Mundie,  archi- 
t  e  c  t  s.  The  street  front  is  a 
square  tower  173  feet  high  to  top 
of  cornice  and  228  feet  high  to 
peak  of  roof.  The  main  portion 
containing  the  auditorium, 
gymnasium,  and  association 
offices,  is  in  the  rear  of  the  tower 
on  Arcade  court,  and  is  81  x  121 
feet.  The  three  lower  stories  of 
the  La  Salle  st.  tower  are  of 
gray  granite.  Above  the  granite 
the  material  is  terra  cotta,  as 
near  the  color  of  the  granite  as 
practicable.  The  tower  roof  is 
covered  with  red  tile.  The 
basement  is  used  for  the  work- 
ing department  of  the  building, 
containing  six  boilers,  the 
machinery  for  eight  elevators, 
the  electric  light  plant,  house 
pumps,  and  ventilating  appara- 
tus. In  the  basement  are  three  bowling  alleys  on  Arcade  court  and 
the  body  of  the  great  swimming  tank,  22x71  feet,  that  is  entered 
from  the  first  story  at  the  level  of  the  floor.  The  corner  room  on  the  ground 
floor,  containing  2,800  square  feet  of  floor  space  is  fitted  up  for  an  elegant 
"banking  office.  The  entrance  hall  to  the  offices  and  to  the  auditorium  is  about 
twenty  feet  wide  and  leads  to  four  elevators  for  the  offices  and  to  a  grand  stair- 
case, ten  feet  wide,  for  the  assembly-rooms  and  for  the  auditorium.  The  rest 
of  the  first  story  is  devoted  to  the  great  bathing  establishment,  including  a 


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MEDINAH  TEMPLE.— See  Buildings. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

WESTERN  BANK  NOTE  BUILDING,   MADISON  ST.  &  MICHIGAN  AVE, 
[See  "  Buildings  "  and  "  Western  Industry."] 


200  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

swimming  tank,  eight  feet  deep  at  one  end  and  four  feet  at  the  other.  This 
tank  is  built  of  steel  plates,  riveted  together  and  lined  with  white  China  tile. 
The  second  and  third  stories  contain  the  parlors  and  principal  rooms  of  the 
association,  the  general  and  private  offices,  the  library,  reading  room,  rec- 
reation room,  lecture  hall,  and  the  great  auditorium,  which  is  a  beautiful, 
well-proportioned,  and  convenient  room,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  205  in 
the  parquet,  420  in  the  parquet  circle  and  344  in  the  balcony.  The  fourth 
and  mezzanine  floor  of  that  part  of  the  building  in  rear  of  the  tower  is  occu- 
pied for  baths  and  lockers  for  the  use  of  those  patronizing  the  gymna- 
sium. The  fifth  and  sixth  floors  are  the  gymnasium.  The  appointments 
and  fittings  of  the  athletic  portion  of  the  association  rooms  are  the  best 
that  are  known  and  have  been  selected  by  experts,  the  architects  and  the 
general  secretary  visiting  all  the  best  association  rooms,  and  the  finest 
athletic  clubs  in  the  country  and  consulted  with  those  best  informed  before 
planning  the  building.  This  portion  of  the  building  excels  anything  of  the 
kind  in  the  country.  The  seventh  floor  is  occupied  by  class-rooms.  The 
tower,  or  front  part  of  the  building,  on  the  fourth  to  the  seventh  floors,  and 
all  of,  the  floor  space  on  the  eighth  to  the  thirteenth  floors,  are  divided  tinto 
offices  of  good  proportions. 

T.  M.  C.  A.  Building  of  Englewood.—This  building  has  a  frontage  of  60 
feet  on  Sixty-third  st.  and  130  feet  on  Princeton  ave.,  in  Englewood.  It  is 
five  stories  high ;  the  first  story  is  of  brown  stone  with  pressed  brick  above 
and  terra  cotta  panels,  with  a  slate  roof.  Connected  with  this  structure 
there  is  a  natatorium  20x70  feet;  in  the  basement  are  bowling  alleys  and  a 
gymnasium  56x50  feet.  The  second  floor  is  devoted  to  association  work  and 
a  large  hall  with  seating  capacity  of  700.  The  third  and  fourth  floors  are 
occupied  as  offices  and  the  fifth  floor  is  used  as  a  dormitory  for  young  men. 
The  total  cost  including  the  ground  was  $100,000. 

CEMETERIES. 

There  are  many  beautiful  burying  grounds  within  the  present  corporate 
limits  of  the  city,  and  in  the  immediate  suburbs.  There  are  no  old  grave- 
yards, or  church-yards,  such  as  may  be  seen  in  the  cities  and  towns  of 
Europe,  or  in  the  older  cities  of  this  continent,  within  the  business  district. 
The  only  remains  of  a  cemetery  to  be  seen  in  the  old  city  is  the  tomb  of  the 
Couch  family,  which  still  holds  its  place  in  Lincoln  park,  a  great  portion  of 
which  covers  the  site  of  an  old  graveyard,  [See  "Lincoln  Park."]  There  are 
no  church-yards  in  existence  in  any  part  of  the  West.  The  different  ceme- 
teries, together  with  the  means  of  reaching  them,  are  pointed  out  below. 

Anshe  Haariv  Cemetery. — Located  at  North  Clark  st.  and  Belmont  ave. 
Take  Evanston  Division  of  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railroad,  or 
North  Clark  st.  cable  line. 

Austro- Hungarian  Cemetery.— located,  at  Waldheim,  10  miles  from  the 
City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  via  Chicago  and  Northern 
Pacific  railroad.  Train  leaves  at  12:01  p.  m.  daily,  including  Sundays,  run- 
ning direct  to  the  new  cemetery  station,"  immediately  adjoining  Waldheim, 
Forest  Home  and  the  Jewish  cemeteries.  ["  See  Waldheim  Cemetery."] 

Beth  Hamedrash  Cemetery. — Located  at  Oakwoods,  Sixty-seventh  st.  and 
Cottage  Grove  ave.  Take  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line  or  Illinois  Central 
train,  foot  of  Randolph  or  Van  Buren  st.  [See  "Oakwoods  Cemetery."] 

B'nai  Abraham  Cemetery.  —  Located  one-half  mile  south  of  Waldheim, 
Bine  and  one-half  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central 
depot,  via  Chicago  and  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  Trains  leave  at  12:01 
daily,  including  Sundays.  [See  "Waldheim  Cemetery."] 

B'nai  Shilom  Cemetery.— Located  on  Noi-th  Clark  st.  and  Graceland  ave. 
Take  North  Clark  st.  cable  line,  or  Evanston  Division  of  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
a-nd  St.  Paul  railroad, 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  301 

Calvary  Cemetery. — Located  south  of  and  adjoining  the  village  of  South 
Evanston,  ten  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Wells  st.  depot,  via 
Chicago  &  North-Western  railway,  or  at  Union  depot,  via  Evanston  Division 
of  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railroad.  This  is  the  largest  and  oldest  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  cemeteries.  It  is  situated  beautifully,  fronting  Sheridan 
road  and  Lake  Michigan.  The  cemetery  is  laid  out  with  great  taste.  There 
are  many  costly  and  handsome  tombs  and  monuments  to  be  seen  here.  Among 
the  latter  is  one  erected  to  the  memory  of  Colonel  Mulligan,  the  hero  of  Lex- 
ington. The  tombs  of  the  "eading  Roman  Catholic  families  of  Chicago  are 
located  here.  This  burying  ground  was  consecrated  in  1861.  The  interments 
have  exceeded  25,000.  Trains  leave  on  both  lines  for  Calvary  at  brief  inter- 
vals daily,  including  Sundays. 

Cemetery  of  the  Congregation  of  the  North  Side.— Located  at  Waldheim, 
ten  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  via 
Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  Trains  leave  at  12:01  daily,  including 
Sundays. 

Chebra  Gemilath  Chasadim  Ubikar  Cholim  Cemetery.— Located,  on  North 
Clark  st.,  south  of  Graceland  Cemetery.  Take  train  on  Evanston  Division 
of  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railroad,  or  North  Clark  st.  cable  line. 
[See  "Graceland  Cemetery."] 

'  Chebra  Kadisha  Ubikar  Cholim  Cemetery.— located  on  North  Clark  st., 
south  of  Graceland  Cemetery.  Take  train  on  Evanston  Division  of  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railroad,  or  North  Clark  st.  cable  line.  [See  "Grace- 
land  Cemetery."] 

Concordia  Cemetery. — Located  about  nine  miles  west  of  the  City  Hall  on 
Madison  st.  beside  the  Desplaines  river.  [See  "  Forest  Home  Cemetery."] 

Forest  Home  Cemetery. — Located  about  nine  miles  west  of  the  City  Hall 
on  Madison  st.,  beside  the  Desplaines  river.  Concoi'dia  Cemetery  adjoins 
this  burying  ground.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  via  Chicago  & 
Northern  Pacific  railroad.  Its  eighty  acres  comprise  a  portion  of  the  ground 
once  constituting  Haase's  park,  a  noted  resort  of  its  day.  This  cemetery  is 
beautifully  situated  and  laid  out  with  great  taste.  The  interments  in  Forest 
Home  Cemetery  and  Concordia  Cemetery  combined  have  numbered  about 
15,000. 

Free  Sons  of  Israel  Cemetery.— located,  at  Waldheim,  ten  miles  from  the 
City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  via  Chicago  &  Northern 
Pacific  railroad.  [See  "  Waldheim  Cemetery."] 

German  Lutheran  Cemetery.— Located  on  N.  Clark  st.,  S.  E.  Cor.  Graceland 
ave.  Take  N.  Clark  st.  cable  line.  This  cemetery  belongs  to  the  St.  Paul 
and  Emanuel  Lutheran  Cunrches. 

Graceland  Cemetery.— Located  on  North  Clark  st.  five  miles  from  the  City 
Hall.  Take  train  at  Union  depot,  via  Evanston  Division  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee <fe  SK  Paul  railroad  for  Buena  Park,  the  beautiful  station  of  which 
suburb  faces  the  main  entrance  of  the  cemetery,  or  take  the  North  Clark  st. 
cable  line.  Better  still,  the  visitor  will  enjoy  a  magnificen',  carriage  ride 
by  way  of  the  North  side  Water  Works,  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Lincoln  Park, 
through  Lake  View  and  some  of  the  most  charming  of  the  Northerti  suburbs, 
to  this  cemetery.  The  Graceland  Cemetery  Company  was  organized  under 
a  special  charter  in  1861. 

Hebrew  Benevolent  Society  Cemetery. — Located  south  of  Graceland  Ceme- 
tery and  may  be  reached  in  a  similar  manner. 

Moses  Monteftore  Cemetery.— Located,  at  Waldheim,  ten  miles  from  the 
City  Hall.  [See  "  Waldheim  Cemetery."] 

Mount  Greenwood  Cemetery. — Located  one-half  mile  west  of  Morgan  Park, 
a  suburb,  fourteen  miles  south  of  the  City  Hall.  Take  trains  at  the  Van 
Buren  st.  depot,  via  Chicago  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railway. 

Mount  Hope  Cemetery.— Projected ;  to  be  located  at  Washington  Heights, 
south  of  the  city. 


203  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Mount.  Olive  Cemetery.— Located  at  Dunning,  nine  miles  west  of  the  City 
Hall.  Take  train  at  Union  Depot,  via  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  rail- 
road. This  is  a  beautiful  cemetery  and  is  the  burying-place  of  Scandinavian 
families.  The  secretary  and  treasurer  is  Mr.  Paul  O.  Stensland. 

Mount  Olivet  Cemetery. — Located  one-half  mile  west  of  the  suburb  of 
Morgan  Park.  Take  train  at  Dearborn  station,  via  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk 
railway. 

Oakivoods  Cemetery.— Located  on  Sixty-seventh  st.  and  Cottage  Grove 
ave.  Take  Illinois  Central  railroad,  foot  of  Randolph  or  Van  Bui-en  st.,  or 
Cottage  Grove  ave.  ca.ble  line.  This  cemetery  was  laid  out  in  1864.  It 
includes  200  acres  of  ground  beautifully  laid  out  on  the  "lawn  plan."  A 
charming  drive  to  the  cemetery  Is  via  Michigan  and  Grand  blvds.  and  Wash- 
ington Park.  This,  Rosehill  and  Graceland  are  the  three  prominent  native 
Protestant  burying  grounds  of  the  city. 

Ohavey  Emunah  Cemetery.— Located  at  Waldheim,  ten  miles  from  the  City 
Hall.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  via  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific 
railroad.  Trains  leave  at  12:01  P.  M.  daily,  including  Sundays.  [See  "Wald- 
heim Cemetery."] 

Ohavey  Scholom  Cemetery.— Located,  at  Oakwoods,  Sixty-seventh  st.  and 
Cottage  Grove  ave.  Take  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line  or  Illinois  Central 
train,  foot  of  Randolph  or  Van  Buren  st.  [See  "  Oakwoods  Cemetery."] 

Jtosehill  Cemetery.— Located  seven  miles  northeast  of  th^  City  Hall.  Take 
train  at  Wells  st.  depot,  via  Milwaukee  Division  of  Chicago  <fe  North-Western 
raih-oad.  The  Rosehill  Cemetery  Company  was  chartered  February  11, 1859. 
This  burying  ground  covers  at  present  about  500  acres,  but  extensions  can 
be  made.  Two  hundred  additional  acres  have  already  been  platted  and 
improved.  It  is  the  most  beautiful  cemetery  in  the  vicinity  of  Chicago  and 
contains  many  handsome  and  costly  tombs  and  monuments,  the  most  prom- 
inent of  the  latter  being  the  soldiers'  monument  at  the  head  of  the  main 
avenue.  Large  numbers  of  those  who  were  once  the  leading  men  of  the  city 
are  interred  here,  and  the  inscriptions  on  the  tombs  are  interesting  to  the 
student  of  Chicago  history.  The  greenhouses  and  conservatories  of  Rose- 
hill  are  very  handsome  and  extensive.  The  ground  slopes  down  to  the  rail- 
road track  and  forms  a  beautiful  landscape.  It  is  thickly  wooded  with  fine 
ti-ees,  and  a  large  lake  adds  greatly  to  its  beauty.  This  cemetery  may  be 
reached  easily  by  carriages,  via  Lake  Shore  drive,  Lincoln  Park,  Graceland 
and  some  of  the  most  charming  of  the  northern  suburbs.  Among  the  things 
which  will  at  once  strike  the  visitor  Avith  admiration  is  the  handsome  en- 
trance arch. 

Sinai  Congregational  Cemetery.— Located  at  Rosehill.  [See  "  Rosehill 
Cemetery."] 

St.  Boniface  Cemetery. — Located  on  N.  Clark  st.  Cor.  Lawrence  ave. 
Take  N.  Clark  st.  cable  line.  This  is  the  German  Roman  Catholic  Cem- 
etery. 

Waldheim  Cemetery.— Located  ten  miles  west  of  the  City  Hall.  Take 
train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  via  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad. 
Funeral  train  leaves  at  12:01  P.M.  daily,  including  Sundays,  running  direct 
to  the  new  cemetery  station,  immediately  adjoining  Waldheim,  Forest  Home 
and  the  Jewish  cemeteries.  Here  are  interred  the  anarchists  executed  for 
connection  with  the  Haymarket  bomb-throwing.  [See  "  Haymarket  Massa- 
cre."] A  number  of  burying  grounds  are  located  in  this  vici  iiity. 

Zion  Congregation  Cemetery. — Located  at  Rosehill.  [See  "  Rosehill  Cem- 
etery."] 

CHARITIES. 

Charity  aboundeth  in  Chicago.  It  is  estimated  that  the  amount  volun* 
tarily  subscribed  annually  for  charity,  and  in  support  of  charitableinstitu- 
tions  in  Chicago,  exceeds  $3,000,000.  Trere  are  in  Chicago  11  as^furns  for 


204  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

children,  employing  87  persons,  caring  for  3,164  persons  and  conducted  at  an 
annual  cost  of  $103,747;  2  diet  kitchens,  employing  5  persons,  caring  for 
2,212  persons,  and  conducted  at  an  annual  cost  of  $2,200;  9  employment 
bureaus,  employing  9  persons,  caring  for  6,766  persons  and  conducted  at  an 
annual  expense  of  $556;  5  fresh  air  bureaus,  caring  tor  30,844  persons  and 
conducted  at  an  annual  cost  of  $9,061;  6  homes  for  the  aged,  employing  16 
persons,  caring  for  869  persons  and  conducted  at  an  annual  expense  of 
$588,244;  6  homes  for  women,  employing  38  persons,  caring  for  4,764  persons 
and  conducted  at  an  annual  expense  of  $50,683;  7  industrial  schools,  employ- 
ing 79  persons,  caring  for  2,507  persons  and  conducted  at  an  annual  cost  of 
$103,748;  3  kindergarten  schools  employing  112  persons,  and  conducted  at 
an  annual  cost  of  $14,900;  7  day  nurseries  employing*  persons,  caring  for 
217  persons  and  conducted  at  an  annual  cost  of  $13,093;  10  placing  children ; 
5  protective  schools,  employing  17  persons,  caring  for  8, 440  persons  and  con- 
ducted at  an  annual  cost  of  $25,117;  12  relief  societies,  employing  16  persons, 
caring  for  23,084  persons  and  conducted  at  an  annual  cost  of  $59,061 ;  4 
reformatories,  caring  for  2,218  persons  and  conducted  at  an  annual  cost  of 
$63,976;  6  visitations  employing  68  persons,  caring  for  27,252  per- 
sons and  conducted  at  an  annual  cost  of  $14,855;  23 'dispensaries  and 
hospitals  employing  633  persons,  caring  for  56,067  persons,  and  conducted 
at  an  annual  expense  of  $295,012 ;  8  training  schools  for  nurses,  caring  for 
320  persons  and  conducted  at  an  annual  expense  of  $29,217.  A  summary  of 
Cook  county  and  Illinois  state  charities  shows  that  thei'e  are  eleven  state 
institutes,  employing  814  persons,  caring  for  10,836  persons,  and  conducted  ' 
at  an  annual  expense  of  $1,396,997;  four  county  institutions,  employing  456 
persons,  caring  for  15,980  persons,  and  conducted  at  an  annual  expense  of 
$421,955;  city  institutions,  employing  870  persons,  caring  for  170,744  persons 
and  conducted  at  an  annual  expense  of  $899,191.  The  above,  neither  as  regards 
the  public  or  private  charities  of  Chicago  or  Cook  county,  covers  the  actual 
number  of  institutions,  nor  does  it  comprehend  the  work  or  the  expense  of 
over  1,000  benevolent  semi-religious  or  religious  societies.  Following  is  a 
list  of  the  recognized  or  deserving  charities  of  the  city,  which  includes 
every  character  of  organized  work,  with  addresses. 

ASYLUMS  AND  HOMES.— American  Educational  Aid  Society.— Finds  homes 
for  children.  Nursery  located  at  238  Sixty-sixth  st.  Older  children  at  Aurora, 
111.,  till  homes  are  found.  Office,  room  41,  232  La  Salle  st.  Chicago  Indus- 
trial School  for  girls,  (Catholic.) — A  home  for  girls  from  4  to  18  years  of  age. 
Cor.  Indiana  ave.  and  49th  st.  Chicago  Nursery  and  Half-Orphan  Asylum — 
Pay  and  free.  175  Burling  st.  and  855  N.  Halsted  st.  Chicago  Orphan  Asy- 
lum.—2228  Michigan  ave.  Children's  Aid  Society.— Receives  suitable  home- 
less and  destitute  children,  and  places  them  in  family  homes.  Also  finds 
homes  for  mothers  with  one  child.  Home  on  Indiana  ave.,  near  31st  st. 
Office,  room  44,  204  Dearborn  st.  Church  Home  for  Aged  Persons.  (Episcopal.) 
—Ladies  only.  Terms  $5.00  per  week,  or  life  contract,  $300.  4327  Ellis  ave. 
Cook  County  Insane  Asylum. — Telephone  4334,  Dunning,  111.  Cook  County 
Poor  House.— Telephone  4334,  Dunning,  111.  Applications  for  admission 
should  be  made  at  the  office  of  the  County  Agent,  128  S,  Clinton  st.  Danish 
Lutheran  Orphans'  Home. — Free  (unless  friends  are  able  to  pay).  69  Perry 
ave.,  Maplewood.  Erring  Woman's  Refuge— For  the  reformation  of  fallen 
women.  Free.  Telephone  10162,  5024  Indiana  ave.  Foundling's  Home. — 
Free.  114  S.  Wood  st.  German  Old  People's  Home. — Both  sexes.  Admission, 
$300.  Harlem  Cook  Co.  Guardian  Angel  Orphan  Asylum.  (German  Catholic.) 
— Havelock  P.  O.,  Cook  Co.  Holy  Family  Orphan  Asylum.  (Catholic.)— Cor. 
Holt  and  Division  sts.  Home  for  Crippled  Children. — 91  Heine  st.  West 
North  ave.  cars  to  Heine  st.  Home  for  the  aged.  (Catholic.)— (Little  Sisters 
of  the  poor.)  Both  sexes.  Free.  29  and  31  E.  25th  st. ;  W.  Harrison,  Cor. 
Throop,  and  Sheffield  ave.,  Cor.  Fullerton  ave.  Home  for  Convalescents. — 
Convalescents  are  boarded  out  in  families  at  the  rate  of  $5.00  per  week. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  205 

Address  Dr.  Delafield,  4333  Ellis  ave.  Home  for  the  Friendless. — Temporary ' 
home  for  women  and  children.  Homeless  and  abandoned  children  are  placed 
in  permanent  homes.  Telephone  8194.  1926  Wabash  ave.  The  Chicago 
Relief  and  Aid  Society  owns  certain  rights  in  this  institution.  Home  for 
Incurables.— Both  sexes.  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  10074 ;  Ellis  ave.,  Cor.  56th 
st.  Home  for  Self-supporting  Women.— All  the  inmates  are  required  to  pay. 
Telephone  3710.  275  Indiana  st.  Home  for  Unemployed  Girls.  (Catholic.)— 
House  of  the  Good  Shepherd.  Market  st.  Cor.  Elm.  Home  of  Industry. — 
Discharged  male  prisoners.  234  Honore  st.  House  of  the  Good  Shep- 
herd. (Catholic.) — Reformatory  institution  for  young  girls.  N.  Market 
st.  Cor.  Hill.  House  of  Providence,  (Catholic.) — (Mercy  Hospital.)  For 
unemployed  girls.  Calumet  ave.,  Cor  26th  st.  Illinois  Industrial  School  for 
Girls. — Reformatory  institution  for  young  girls.  South  Evanston,  111.,  Illi- 
nois Industrial  Training  School  for  Boys.— Free.  Glenwood  Park,  111. 
Illinois  Masonic  Orphan's  Home. — 447  Carroll  ave.  Illinois  Soldiers'  Orph- 
ans' Home.— Government  institution.  Free.  Normal,  111.  Illinois  Women's 
Soldiers'  Home. — 1408  Wabash  ave.  Martha  Washington  Home. — For  ine- 
briate women.  Telephone  12181.  Graceland  ave.,  Cor  Western  ave.  News- 
boy's and  Bootblacks'  Home.  Pay  and  free.  1418  Wabash  ave.  Old  People's 
Home. — Ladies  only.  Admission,  $300  and  furniture  for  one  room.  Indiana 
ave.,  Cor.  of  39th  st.  The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society  owns  twenty-five 
rooms  in  this  institution,  for  which  application  may  be  made  at  its  office, 
51  and53LaSalle  st.  Servite  Sisters'  Industrial  Home  for  Girls.  (Catholic.)— 
1396  W.  Van  Buren  st.  Soldiers'  Home.— The  Home  is  abolished,  but  the 
money  is  distributed,  by  members  of  its  Board,  to  old  soldiers  or  their 
families,  at  the  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society,  51  and  53  La  Salle  st. 
St.  Joseph's  Asylum  for  Boys.  (Catholic.) — Crawford  ave.,  bet.  W.  Diversey 
and  W.  Belmont.  St.  Joseph's  Home  for  the  Friendless.  (Catholic.)— An 
industrial  school  and  home  for  girls,  and  school  for  the  deaf.  409  S.  May  st. 
St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum.  (Catholic.)— Both  sexes.  35th  st.,  cor.  Lake 
ave.  St.  Mary's  Training  School  for  Boys.  (Catholic.)— Free.  Feehanville, 
Cook  Co.,  111.  St.  Vincent's  Infant  Asylum  and  Maternity  Hospital.  (Catho- 
lic.) 191  La  Salle  ave.  Telephone  3282.  Swedish  Home  of  Mercy.— Men  and 
Women.  Free.  Bowmanville,  111.  The  Bethany  Home  of  the  Swedish  M. 
E.  Church  for  Aged  Women.— Sheridan  road  and  Rinn  ave.  Uhlich  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Orphan  Asylum.  (German.) — 221  Burling  st.,  Cor.  Center. 
Waifs'  Mission.— Home  and  School  for  Boys.  Pay  and  free.  44  State  st. 
Washingtonian  Home.— Men  only.  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  7028.  566 
W.  Madison  st.  Western  Seaman's  Friend  Society.  Sailors.  Pay  and  free. 
32  N.  Desplaines  st.  Working  Boy's  Home  and  Mission  of  our  Lady  of  Mercy. 
— Pay  and  free.  361  W.  Jackson  st.  Young  Women's  Christian  Association. 
Good  board  and  wholesome  surroundings  at  a  very  low  rate,  for  skilled 
workingwomen.  288  Michigan  ave.  Young  Women's  Christian  Association. 
— Home  for  Transients.  Nominal  price  or  free.  362  W.  Jackson  st.  An 
agent  is  also  sent  to  meet  incoming  trains.  Employment  office  and  dispen- 
sary, 240  Wabash  ave. 

DAY  NURSERIES  AND  CRECHES.— Bethesda  Mission  Creche,  406  S.  Clark  st. 
Hull  House  Creche,  221  Ewing  st.  Margaret  Etter  Creche,  2356  Wabash  ave. 
Talcott  Day  Nursery  No.  1,  169  W.  Adams  st.  Talcott  Day  Nursery  No.  2,  581 
Austin  ave.  Unity  Church  Creche,  80  Elm  st. 

DISPENSARIES. — ALEXIAN  BROTHERS'  HOSPITAL,  pharmacy,  539'N.  Market 
st.  AMERICAN  COLLEGE  OP  DENTAL  SURGERY,  70  80 State  st.  ARMOUR  MISSION, 
Thirty-third  st.,  S.  E.  Cor.  Butterfield  st. ;  open  daily  (Sundays  e«cepted) 
from  9  to  11  a.  m.  BENNETT  FREE  DISPENSARY,  Ada  and  Fulton  sts. ;  attended 
by  the  faculty  of  the  Bennett  Medical  College;  open  daily  (Sundays  excepted) 
from  1 :30  to  3  p.  m.  BETHESDA  FREE  MEDICAL  MISSION,  406  Clark  st.,  under 
care  of  W.  C.  T.  U. ;  open  every  day,  except  Saturdays  and  Sundays,  from  3 
to  5  p.  m.  CENTRAL  FREE  DISPENSARY  of  West  Chicago,  Wood  and  W.  Harri- 
son sts. ;  attended  by  the  faculty  of  the  Rush  Medical  College ;  office  hours, 
9  to  12  a.  m.,  and  1  to  6  p.  m. ;  Sundays,  9  to  10:30  a.  in.  CENTRAL  HOMOSO- 
PATHIC,  S.  Wood  and  York  sts.;  attended  by  the  faculty  of  the  Chicago 
Homoeopathic  College;  open  daily  (except  Sunday)  from  9  to  12  a.  m.,  and  2 


20l»  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

to  4  p.  m.  CHICAGO  CLINIC  ASSOCIATION,  open  daily,  from  3:30  to  4:30  p.  m. ; 
room  215,  70  State  st.  CHICAGO  COLLEGE  OP  DENTAL  SURGERY,  122  Wabash 
ave. ;  open  daily,  from  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m.  CHICAGO  HOSPITAL  FOR  WOMEN  AND 
CHILDREN,  Paulina  and  W.  Adams  sts. ;  open  every  day  except  Sunday. 
CHICAGO  POLYCLINIC  DISPENSARY,  176  Chicago  ave. ;  open  from  8:30  a.  m.  to 
6  p.  m.  daily.  CHICAGO  SPECTACLE  CLINIC,  70  State  st.,  room  209:  open  9  to  10 
a.  m.  GERMAN  HOSPITAL,  754-756  Larabee  st. ,  hours,  9  to  12  a.  m.  and  2  to  4 
p.  ».,  except  Sunday.  HAHNEMANN  COLLEGE  FREE  DISPENSARY,  2813  Grove- 
land  ave. ;  attended  by  the  faculty  of  Haimemann  Medical  College;  open 
all  day.  ILLINOIS  EYE  AND  EAR  INFIRMARY,  121  S.  Peoria  st. ;  open  daily  (ex- 
cept Sunday),  from  1  to  3  p.  m.  LINCOLN  STREET  DISPENSARY  (Women's 
Medical  College),  335  337  S.  Lincoln  st. ;  open  from  2:30  to  5  p.  m.  MICHAEL 
REESE  HOSPITAL  FREE  DISPENSARY,  Groveland  ave.,  N.  E.  Cor.  Twenty-ninth 
st.  NATIONAL  TEMPERANCE  HOSPITAL,  3411  Cottage  Grove  ave.;  open  from  10 
to  12  a.  m.  and  2  to  4  p.  m.  NORTH  STAR,  192  Superior  st. ;  open  daily  (except 
Sunday),  1  to  2  p.  m.  NORTHWESTERN  COLLEGE  OF  DENTAL  SURGERY,  1203 
Wabash  ave. ;  open  from  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  SOUTH  SIDE  FREE  DISPENSARY. 
Prairie  ave.  and  Twenty-sixth  st. ;  open  daily,  1  to  3  p.  m. ;  attended  by  the 
faculty  of  Chicago  Medical  College.  ST.  LUKE'S  FREE  DISPENSARY,  1420-1430 
Indiana  ave. ;  open  daily,  from  12  m.  to  4  p.  m.  WEST  SIDE  FREE  DISPENSARY 
in  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  315  Honore  and  W.  Harrison  st. ; 
open  daily  (except  Sunday),  from  1  to  5  p.  m.  WOMAN'S  HOSPITAL  OF  CHI- 
CAGO, Rhodes  ave.,  N.  W.  Cor.  Thirty-second  st. ;  open  daily  (except  Sunday), 
fi'om  2  to  4  p.  m.  YOUNG  WOMEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION  (for  women  and 
children),  39  Rowland  blk. ;  open  Monday  and  Friday  from  12  m.  to  1  p.  m. 

FREE  EMPLOYMENT  BUREAUS.—  Children's  Aid  Society.— For  boys,  Room 
44.  204  Dearborn  st.  German  Society.— For  men,  49  La  Salle  st.  Provident 
Laundry  of  the  Home  for  Self-Supporting  Women. — Instructs  laundresses 
and  gives  employment  to  needy  women.  Telephone  3710.  275  E.  Indiana  st. 
The  Helping  hand. — For  men,  N.  E.  Cor.  Washington  blvd.  and  Clinton  st. 
Waifs'  Mission.— For  boys.  44  State  st.  Wood  Yard  of  the  Chicago  Relief 
and  Aid  Society.— For  men.  Telephone  3415.  395  N.  Clark  st.  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association. — For  men  and  boys.  Telephone  359,  148  Madison  st. 
Young  Women's  Christian-Asso. — Employment  found  for  governesses,  book- 
keepers, office  clerks,  seamstresses,  etc.,  room  61,  243  Wabash  av. 

FREE  KINDERGARTEN^. — All  Souls  Kindergarten,3939  Langley  ave. ;  Armour 
Mission  Kinderg'arten,  33d  st.  and  Armour  ave. ;  Bethesda  Mission  Kinder- 
garten, 409  S.  Clark;  Bohemian  Mission  Kindergarten,  711  Loomis  st. ;  Bor- 
land Kindergarten,  Horace  Mann  School,  Cor.  37th  st.  and  Portland  ave. ; 
Brennan  Public  School  Kindergarten,  Brighton  Public  School  Kindergarten, 
Drexel  Kindergarten,  Raymond  School,  Friederich  Froebel  Kindergarten, 
Cor.  12th  and  Halsted  sts. ;  Hancock  Public  School  Kindergarten,  Herford 
Kindergarten,  (Morning),  405  22d  st. ;  Hull  House  Kindergarten,  335  South 
Halsted  st.;  Immanuel  Baptist  Church  Kindergarten,  2306  State  st. ;  Italian 
Kindergarten,  505  S.Clark  st. ;  Kate  C.Richardson's  Memorial  Kindergarten, 
Memorial  Baptist  Church,  Oakland  blvd.  near  Cottage  Grove  ave. ;  Kinder- 
garten, 171  Division  st. ;  King's  Daughters'  Kindergarten,  5304  Jefferson  ave. ; 
Kinzie  Public  School  Kindergarten,  Peck  Public  School  Kindergarten  (After- 
noon), Poi'ter  Memorial  Kindergarten,  Cor.  12th  st.  and  Ashland  ave.;  Ray- 
mond Mission  Kindergarten,  Cor.  30th  and  Poplar  sts. ;  Sedgwick  St.  Chapel 
Kindergarten,  388  Sedgwick  st. ;  St.  Pius  Con  vent -Kindergarten,  Cor.  Ashland 
ave.  and  20th  st. ;  St.  Pius  Monastery  Kindergarten,  Cor.  19th  and  Paulina  sts. ; 
Talcott  Day  Nursery  Kindergarten  No.  1,  169  W.  Adams  st. ;  Talcott  Day  Nur- 
sery Kinder-garten  No.  2, 581  Austin  ave. ;  The  Creche  Kindergarten,  Cor.  24th 
st.  and  Wabash  ave. ;  The  Borden  Kindergarten,  517  and  519  Milwaukee  ave. ; 
Unity  Industrial  School  Kindergarten,  80  Elm  st. 

FREE  NURSES  AND  TRAINING  SCHOOLS  FOR  NURSES.— Bethesda  Deaconess 
Institution  (German.) — Free  nurses  for  the  poor  may  be  obtained,  30  and  32 
Belden  pi.  Chicago  Deaconess'  Home. — Free  nurses  for  the  poor  may  be 
obtained,  221  East  Ohio  st.  Chicago  Training  School.— Free,  114  Dearborn 
ave.  Clara  Barton  Ti-aining  School  for  Nurses;  all  pay,  3411  Cottage  Grove 
ave.  Illinois  Training  School  for  Nurses.— In  connection  with  Cook  County 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
GEORGE  B.  CARPENTER  &  CO.,   FIFTH  AVE.  AND  S.  WATER  ST. 

[See  "  Western  Industry."] 


208  GUIDE    TO   CHICAGO. 

Hospital,  telepDone,  7155,  304  Honore  St.,  near  West  Harrison  st.  Michael 
Reese  Hospital  Training  School. — Twenty-ninth  st.,  Cor.  Groveland  ave. 
Norwegian  Deaconess'  Home. — Free  nurses  may  be  obtained,  190  Humboldt 
st.  Poor  Handmaids  of  Jesus  Christ  'Catholic.)— Day  nurses,  pay  and  free, 
212  Hudson  ave..  and  52  Newberry  ave.  Provident  Hospital  Training  School 
(colored.)— Dearborn  st.,  Cor.Twenty-ninth.  Sisters  of  St.  Mary  (Episcopal.  )  — 
Vi^jt  among  the  sick,  215  Washington  blvd.  St.  Luke's  Hospital  Training 
School.— 1420  Wabash  ave.  Training  School  of  the  Hospital  for  Women  and 
Children.— West  Adams  st.,  Cor.  Paulina.  Visiting  Nurse  Association.— 
Free  nurses  may  be  obtained  for  poor  people ;  North  side,  telephone  3002 ; 
Northwest  side,  telephone  4518;  South  side,  telephone  8166;  West  side,  tele- 
phone 7134;  office,  59  Dearborn  st.  Woman's  Hospital  Training  School. — 
Thirty-second  St.,  N.  W.  Cor.  Rhodes  ave. 

HOSPITALS.— Alexian  Bi-others  Hospital.  (Catholic).— Men  and  boys.  All 
diseases  except  contagious.  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  3467.  539  North  Mar- 
ket st.  The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society  owns  eighteen  beds  in  this  hos- 
pital, for  which  application  may  be  made  at  its  office,  51  and  53  La  Salle  st. 
Augustana  Hospital.  (Swedish.) — Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases 
except  contagious.  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  3022.  151  Lincoln  ave.  Bap- 
tist Hospital.— Pay  and  free.  541  North  Halsted  st.  Bennett  Hospital.— Both 
sexes.  All  pay  patients.  Telephone  7091.  Ada  St.,  Cor.  Fulton.  Chicago 
Emergency  Hospital. — Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases  axcept  con- 
tagious. Surgery  a  specialty.  Pay  and  free.  191  Superior  st.  Chicago 
Homoeopathic  Hospital.— Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases  except 
contagious.  All  pay  patients.  Telephone  7291.  South  Wood  st.  Cor.  York. 
Chicago  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children.— All  diseases  except  contagious. 
Pay  and  free.  Telephone  7071.  W.  Adams  st.  Cor.  Paulina.  The  Chicago 
Relief  and  Aid  Society  owns  twenty-five  beds  in  this  hospital,  for  which  ap- 
plication may  be  made  at  its  office,  51  and  53  La  Salle  st.  Chicago  Charity 
Hospital. — Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases  except  contagious.  All  pa- 
tients free.  59  Plymouth  Place  (3d  ave).  Chicago  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary.— 
Free.  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays,  from  2  to  4  o'clock.  2813  Groveland  ave. 
Chicago  Maternity  Home. — (Lying  in  Hospital.)  All  pay  patients.  Telephone 
3627.  1619  Diversey  st.  Chicago  Polyclinic  Hospital.— All  pay  patients. 
Telephone  3586.  176  E.  Chicago  ave.  Cook  County  Hospital.— All  ages 
and  both  sexes.  All  diseases.  Free.  Telephone  7133.  W.  Harrison  st. 
Cor.  Wood.  German  Hospital. — Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases 
except  contagious.  Half  its  beds  free.  Telephone  3376.  754  Larrabee  st. 
Hahnemann  Hospital. — Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases  except  conta- 
gious. Pay  and  free.  Telephone  8104.  2811  Groveland  ave.  The  Chicago 
Relief  and  Aid  Society  owns  fifteen  beds  in  this  hospital,  for  which  applioa- 
tion  may  be  made  at  its  office,  51  and  53  La  Salle  st.  Illinois  Charitable  Eye 
and  Ear  Infirmary. — State  Institution.  Boarding  and  dispensary  patients. 
All  free.  Telephone  4048.  227  W.  Adams  st.  The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  So- 
ciety owns  rooms  for  twenty  patients  in  this  institution,  for  which  applica- 
tion may  be  made  at  its  office,  51  and  53  La  Salle  st.  Lake  Side  Hospital. — 
Surgery  a  specialty.  All  pay  patients.  Telephone  10221.  Marine  Hospital. — 
Sailors.  Government  institution.  Special  provision  for  contagious  diseass. 
Free.  Telephone  12107.  N.  Halsted  st.,  near  Graceland  ave.  Maurice  Porter 
Memorial  Free  Hospital  for  Children.— 606  Fullerton  ave.  Mercy  Hospital.— 
(Catholic.)  Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases  except  contagious.  Pay  and 
free.  Telephone  8267.  Calumet  ave.,  Cor.  26th  st.  The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid 
Society  owns  forty  beds  in  this  hospital,  for  which  application  may  be  made 
at  its  office,  51  and  53  La  Salle  st.  Michael  Reese  Hospital.— (Jewish. )  All  ages 
and  both  sexes-  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  8212.  29th  st.,  Cor.  Groveland  ave. 
National  Temperance  Hospital. — All  ages  and  both  sexes.  All  pay  patients. 
Telephone  8341.  3411  Cottage  Grove  ave.  Presbyterian  Hospital.— Both 
sexes.  All  diseases  except  contagious.  Pay  and  free.  A  convalescent  De- 
partment is  attached  to  this  hospital.  Telephone  7189.  W.  Congress  st., 
Cor.  S.  Wood.  Provident  Hospital. — (Colored).  Pay  and  free.  S.  W.  Cor. 
Twenty-ninth  and  Dearborn  sts.  St.  Joseph  Hospital.  (Catholic.)— Both 
sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases  except  contagious.  Pay  and  free.  Tel- 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  209 

e phone  3543.  360  Garfield  are.,  cor.  Burling  st.  The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid 
Society  owns  thirty  beds  in  this  Hospital,  for  which  application  may  be' 
made  at  its  office,  51  and  53  La  Salle  st.  St.  Luke's  Free  Hospital.  (Episco- 
pal.)— Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases  except  contagious.  Pay  and 
free.  Telephone  8438.  1420  Indiana  ave.  The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society 
owns  twenty-eight  beds  in  this  Hospital,  for  which  application  may  be 
made  at  its  office,  51  and  53  La  Salle  st.)  St.  Elizabeth  Hospital.  (Catholic.)— 
Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases  except  contagious.  Pay  and  free. 
Telephone  7329.  Davis  st.,  Cor.  Thompson.  West  North  ave.  cars  to  Davis 
st.  Wesley  Hospital.  (Methodist.) — Both  sexes  and  all  ages.  All  diseases 
e  xcept  contagious.  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  2415.  355  Ohio  st.  Woman's 
Hospital  of  Chicago.  Women  only.  Pay  and  free.  Telephone  8353.  Thirty- 
second  St.,  Cor.  Rhodes  ave. 

MISSIONS  AND  MISCELLANEOUS. — ANCHORAGE  MISSION. — A  temporary  home 
for  friendless  girls,  including  fallen  women  and  discharged  female  prison- 
ers. 125  Plymouth  pi.  (Third  ave.)  ARMOUR  MISSION  INDUSTRIAL  SCHOOL.— 
For  boys  and  girls.  (See  list  of  Creches  and  Kindergartens.)  Telephone 
8390.  Cor.  Thirty-third  st.  and  Armour  ave.  BETHESDA  MISSION.— Cheap 
lodging  house  for  men.  (See  also  list  of  Creches  and  Kindergartens.)  406 
S.  Clark.  BUREAU  OF  JUSTICE. — Legal  protection  against  injustice  for  those 
who  are  unable  to  protect  themselves.  154  Lake  st.  CHICAGO  EXCHANGE 
FOR  WOMAN'S  WORK — Work  of  indigent  woman  sold  at  a  commission  of  10 
percent.  Telephone  2912.  209  Wabash  ave.  CITIZENS' LEAGUE  OF  CHICAGO. — 
Prosecutes  sellers  of  liquor  to  minors.  Telephone  1437.  Rooms  31  and  32, 
116  La  Salle  st.  G.  A.  R.  CENTRAL  RELIEF  COMMITTEE.— G.  A.  Soldiers,  453  S. 
Canal  st.  ILLINOIS  WOMAN'S  ALLIANCE. — First  Friday  of  every  month. 
Parlor  O,  Palmer  House.  IMMEDIATE  AID  MISSION  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DAY 
SCHOOL. — 2917  S.  Clark  st.  LAKE  GENEVA  FRESH  AIR  ASSOCIATION. — President, 
E.  E.  Ayer,  481  N.  State  st.  LINCOLN  PARK  SANITARIUM.— Address  Miss 
Harriet  M.  Dewey,  Daily  News.  MINNETONKA  WORKING  WOMEN'S  HOME. — 
A  cheap  boarding  house  for  women,  21  S.  Peoria  st.  PROTECTIVE  AGENCY 
FOR  WOMEN  AND  CHILDREN.— Protection  and  defense  of  the  rights  of  women 
and  children  against  wrongs  of  any  nature.  Telephone  1782.  828  Opera 
House  Building.  THE  MUTUAL  MEDICAL  AID  ASSOCIATION.— By  paying  $10 
per  year,  medical  aid  will  be  furnished.  Telephone  2519.  Room  317,  North- 
ern Office  Building.,  S.  W.  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Lake  sts.  THE  UNION  TRAINING 
SCHOOL. — Industrial  school  for  boys  and  girls.  Meets  every  Saturday  morn- 
ing. 1086  W.  Lake  st.  UNITY  CHURCH  INDUSTRIAL  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS. — (See 
list  of  Creches  and  Kindergartens.  80  Elm  st.  WESTERN  SOCIETY  FOR  THE 
SUPPRESSION  OF  VICE. — For  the  suppression  of  obscene  literature,  etc. 
Address  H.  D.  Penfield,  48  La  Salle  st. 

SOCIEITES.— CHICAGO  RELIEF  AND  AID  SOCIETY.— Non-sectarian.  Gives 
temporary  aid  to  the  better  class  of  poor.  Also  owns  two  hundred  and  four- 
teen beds  in  private  hospitals,  twenty-five  rooms  in  the  Old  People's  Home, 
and  certain  rights  in  the  various  Orphan  Asylums,  Newsboys'  Home,  Eye 
and  Ear  Infirmary,  Home  for  the  Friendless,  Foundlings'  Home,  etc.,  etc. 
Gives  temporary  employment  to  men  at  its  wood  yard,  through  which  per- 
manent work  is  often  found  for  them.  Telephone  773.  Office,  51  and  53  La 
Salle  st.  DANISH  RELIEF  SOCIETY. — President,  Fritz  Frantzen,  296  Milwaukee 
ave.  GERMAN  SOCIETY  FOR  THE  PROTECTION  OF  IMMIGRANTS  AND  THE  FRIEND- 
LESS.— Gives  aid  in  cash  and  otherwise.  Also  finds  work  for  immigrants. 
49  La  Salle  st.  HYDE  PARK  RELIEF  SOCIETY.— President,  Mrs.  George  Driggs. 
5361  Cornell  ave.  ILLINOIS  HUMANE  SOCIETY. — For  the  prosecution  of  persons 
guilty  of  cruelty  to  persons  or  animals.  Telephone  65,  room  43,  Auditorium 
bldg.  LUXEMBOURG  SOCIETY.— For  Luxembourgers  only.  49  La  Salle  st. 
NORWEGIAN  SOCIETY. — Temporary  aid  to  Norwegians.  First  and  third  Mon- 
day in  every  month.  President,  John  Blegen,  164  Randolph  st.  RUSSIAN 
REFUGE  CHARITY  ASSOCIATION.— General  relief  to  Hebrew  Russian  Refugees. 
567  S.  Halsted  st.  SCANDINAVIAN  BETHANY  AID  SOCIETY. — Second  Monday  of 
each  month.  Secretary,  Adolf  Monsen,  244  W.  Erie  st.  330  W.  Indiana  st.  ST. 
ANDREWS'  SOCIETY.— Temporary  aid  to  Scots.  First  Thursday  in  February, 
May,  August  ami  November.  Secretary,  James  Duncan,  Sherman  House. 


210  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

ST.  GECRGE'S  BENEVOLENT  SOCIETY.— Temporary  aid  to  stranded  Englishmen. 
First  Monday  of  each  month,  at  St.  George's  Hall,  182  Madison.  President, 
Alexander  Cook;  secretary,  W.  C.  Hill.  SVEA  SOCIETY.— For  Swedes  only. 
First  and  third  Thursday  in  each  month.  Chicago  ave.  N.  E.  Cor.  Larabee 
st.  Swiss  BENEVOLENT  SOCIETY.— For  Swiss  only.  Second  Monday  of  each 
month  at  8  P.  u.  Uhlich's  Hall,  Clark  st.,  S.  W.  Cor.  Kinzie.  ST.  VINCENT  DE 
PAUL  SOCIETY.— A  branch  of  this  society  is  found  in  nearly  every  Catholic 
church,  for  the  relief  of  its  poor.  THE  HELPING  HAND.— Lodging  House  for 
men.  They  pay  by  sweeping  streets,  or  doing  other  work ;  N.  E.  Cor.  Wash- 
ington blvd.  and  Clinton  st.  UNITED  HEBREW  RELIEF  ASSOCIATION. — Aid 
given  in  cash,  and  permits  to  the  Jewish  Hospital  and  Jewish  Orphan 
Asylum.  Room  50, 161  La  Salle  st.  VISITATION  AND  AID  SOCIETY.  (Catholic.) — 
Visit  and  investigate  among  the  poor.  The  aid  given  is  mostly  spiritual. 
Room  5,  124  Dearborn  st. 

CHARITIES— LEADING  INSTITUTIONS. 

A  complete  list  of  the  recognized  charities  of  the  city  is  given  above. 
There  are  some  noble  charities  in  existence  here,  however,  which  deserve 
the  special  attention  of  the  visitor. 

American  Educational  Aid  Association. — Organized  for  the  care  of  home- 
less and  needy  children.  Has  over  1,000  branches.  Takes  the  little  ones 
under  its  care  and  provides  them  with  good  homes  or  adopted  fathers  and 
mothers  in  the  country.  Location  of  office,  230  LaSalle  st- 

Armour  Mission. — Location,  Butterfield  and  Thirty-third  st.  Founded 
by  Joseph  F.  Armour,  who  bequeathed  $100,000  for  the  purpose.  Phillip  D. 
Armour,  executor  of  this  trust,  has  greatly  enlarged  upon  the  original 
design.  The  Mission  is  practically  a  great  free  educational  institution  for 
children.  It  has  numerous  departments,  including  kindergarten,  free  dis- 
pensary, library,  Sunday  school,  etc.  It  is  worthy  of  a  visit. 

Armour  Mission  Training  School. — Erected  by  Phillip  D.  Armour  and 
presented  to  the  city  for  the  free  manual  training  of  the  youth  of  Chicago 
who  could  not  obtain  the  privileges  of  a  paid  education.  This  gift  repre- 
sented the  magnificent  sum  of  $1,700,000.  Location  near  Armour  Mission. 
[See  "Education"  and  "Buildings"] 

Bureau  of  Justice. — An  organization,  first,  to  assist  in  securing  legal 
protection  against  injustice  for  those  who  are  unable  to  protect  themselves. 
Second,  to  take  cognizance  of  the  workings  of  existing  laws  and  methods  of 
procedure,  and  to  suggest  improvements.  Third,  to  propose  new  and  better 
laws,  and  to  make  efforts  to  ward  securing  their  enactment.  Office  rooms, 
6  and  7  Marine  building,  154  Lake  st. 

Chicago  Daily  News  Fresh  Air  Fund. — Conducted  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Chicago  Daily  News,  by  which  newspaper  it  is  largely  supported, 
although  public  contributions  are  numerous  and  liberal.  Features:  The 
Fresh  Air  SanUarium  at  Lincoln  Park,  wrhere  mothers  and  babies  are  enter- 
tained without  charge  during  the  hot  summer  months.  The  Sanitarium 
building  is  an  interesting  place  to  visit.  The  babies  have  every  comfort, 
including  cradles,  carriages,  toys,  etc.,  and  are  provided  with  fresh  milk 
and  medical  attendance.  The  Country  Week,  which  provides  the  poor  of 
the  city  with  country  outings,  free  of  all  charge.  The  office  of  The  Daily 
News  Fresh  Air  Fund  is  at  123  Fifth  ave. 

Chicago  Free  Kindergarten  Association. — Organized  for  the  establish- 
ment and  maintenance  of  free  kindergartens  throughout  the  city.  It  costs 
a  trifle  over  $5  per  annum  for  each  child  cared  for.  First-class  instructors 
are  provided.  Everything  is  free.  This  charity  reaches  the  homes  of  the 
poor  and  provides  for  the  care  and  training  of  children  whose  mothers  are 
compelled  to  work  out. 

Chicago  Nursery  and  Half -Orphan  Asylum.— Located  at  175  Burling  st. 
and  855  N.  Halsted  st.  One  of  the  most  useful  and  most  worthy  of  the 
charities  of  Chicago. 


212  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Chicago  Orphan  Asylum.—  Located  at  2228  Michigan  ave.  Take  Cottage 
Grove  ave.  cable  line.  Under  Protestant  management,  but  children  of  all 
denominations  are  admitted. 

Chicago  Policlinic.— A.  large  and  well  equipped  building,  located  at  174 
and  176  E.  Chicago  ave.  This  is  one  of  the  most  meritorious  institutions  in 
the  city.  All  sorts  of  diseases  are  treated  free  of  charge  to  sufferers. 
About  thirty  Chicago  physicians  are  connected  with  the  institution. 

Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society.— Organized  by  special  act  of  the  legisla- 
ture in  1857.  Located  in  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society  bldg.,  La  Salle  st., 
between  Randolph  and  Lake  sts.  This  society  received  a  large  portion  of 
the  surplus  funds  contributed  by  the  world  for  the  relief  of  the  people  of 
Chicago,  after  the  great  fire  of  1871.  It  is  supported  now  by  private  contri- 
bution; it  has  200  beds  in  the  various  hospitals ;  investigates  reported  cases 
of  destitution ;  distributes  clothing,  fuel,  etc.  The  society  has  branch  offices 
as  follows :  Southern  office,  3601  Wabash  ave. ;  northern  office,  420  Lincoln 
ave. :  western  office,  Monroe,  Cor.  Ogden  ave. 

Church  Home  for  Aged  Persons.— Located,  at  4327  Ellis  ave.  Take  Cottage 
Grove  ave.  cable  lines. 

Chicago  Home  for  Crippled  Children.— Dr.  J.  Prince  in  charge.  Located 
at  91  Heine  st.  This  institution  is  designed  as  a  mission  to  the  poor  and 
destitute,  and  a  charitable  asylum  for  infirm  or  crippled  children.  It 
depends  upon  voluntary  subscription. 

Danish  Lutheran  Orphans'  Home.— Located,  at  Maplewood,  a  suburb  of 
Chicago.  Take  train  at  Wells  st,  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.  Under  direc- 
tion of  the  Danish  Lutheran  Church  Society  of  Chicago. 

Englewood  Infant  Nursery.— Location,  6516  Perry  ave.  Of  700  babies 
cared  for  during  four  years,  only  thirty-six  died.  Infants  are  taken  from 
mothers  who  are  unable  to  care  for  them  properly,  or  who  are  obliged  to 
work  out. 

Erring  Woman's  Refuge. — Located  on  the  west  side  of  Indiana  ave,, 
between  Fiftieth  and  Fifty-first  sts.  This  institution  was  founded  in  1865. 
The  present  building  was  dedicated  and  thrown  open  in  the  fall  of  1890.  It 
cost  $60,000  and  will  accommodate  one  hundred  women. 

Foundlings'1  Home. — Located  at  114  Wood  st.,  near  West  Madison  st., 
West  side.  Dr.  George  E.  Shipman,  Supt.  Visiting  day,  Tuesday,  from 
11  A.  M.  to  4  P.  M.  Take  Madison  st.  cable  line.  First  opened  for  the  recep- 
tion of  foundlings,  January,  1870,  by  Dr.  Shipman.  One  of  the  most  inter- 
esting, as  it  is  one  of  the  most  deserving  charities  in  the  city.  The  found- 
lings average  about  100,  and  range  in  age  from  the  newly- born  to  twelve 
months.  They  are  usually  adopted  or  redeemed  by  their  parents  before 
reaching  one  year.  The  Home  depends  solely  upon  voluntary  contributions 
for  support,  but  is  now  so  well  known  and  so  widely  appreciated  that  it 
does  not  suffer  the  old  sorrows  of  destitution  and  misery.  [Dr.  Shipman 
died  early  in  1893.] 

Free  Labor  Bureau. — Location,  167  Washington  st.  Under  the  auspices 
of  the  Building  Trades  Council.  Employers  may  procure,  without  cost, 
competent  mechanics  in  any  of  the  building  trades. 

Lake  Geneva  Fresh  Air  Association. — Organized  June,  1888,  by  wealthy 
ladies  and  gentlemen  of  Chicago,  summer  residents  of  Lake  Geneva.  It  is 
said  this  grand  charity,  which  has  for  its  object  the  granting  of  recreation 
to  poor  children  and  working  girls,  during  the  heated  terms  of  each  year, 
had  its  origin  in  the  suggestion  of  a  Chicago  lady  during  a  moonlight  boat 
ride  on  the  lake.  The  association  purchased  eight  acres  of  ground  on  the 
north  shore  of  Lake  Geneva,  near  Forest  Glen.  The  land  lies  in  one  of  the 
most  picturesque  spots  around  this  beautiful  lake.  It  is  on  a  wooded  hill- 
side running  down  to  the  shore,  and  has  300  feet  frontage  on  the  lake.  A 
two-story  frame  house,  with  basement,  was  built  on  a  level  with  the  gentle 
slope  that  runs  down  to  the  lake.  The  house  stands  several  hundred  feet 
back  from  the  shore  and  immediately  in  the  rear  of  it  rises  the  steep 
acclivity  of  the  hill  or  bluff.  This  house  was  christened  the  '-'  Holiday 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  213 

Home,"  and  many  a  heart  has  leaped  with  gladness  within  its  walls.  On 
June  15th  of  each  year  the  association  sends  out  eighty  young  women  to  the 
home  for  an  outing  of  two  weeks.  Tney  are  found  in  the  ranks  of  the  shop 
girls,  clerks,  type-writers  and  stenographers.  Their  car  fare  is  paid  both 
ways  by  the  association  and  their  board  and  lodging  are  free.  Their  sum- 
mer retreat  lasts  until  July  1st.  They  return  that  day  in  the  morning,  and 
in  the  afternoon  another  party  of  eighty  younger  girls,  ranging  from  six  to 
thirteen  years  of  age,  are  sent  out  to  the  home.  This  lot  is  found  among 
the  school  children  principally.  A  selection  committee  has  charge  of  the 
matter.  Applications  for  an  outing  are  handed  into  this  committee  and  it 
makes  an  investigation.  If  the  application  is  found  to  be  a  proper  one 
the  applicant  is  registered  as  one  who  can  go.  The  city  is  divided  into 
districts,  each  one  having  an  agent  who  reports  applications  to  the  selec- 
tion committee,  and  then  the  general  agent  makes  his  investigation. 

On  the  afternoon  of  July  15th  a  lot  of  eighty  boys  are  taken  out  on  the 
train  to  the  home.  They  are  selected  from  the  poorer  families  and  the  sickly 
children.  The  succeeding  fortnights  alternate  with  a  lot  of  boys  and  then  a 
lot  of  girls  at  the  home  up  to  September  1st.  This  allows  the  children  to 
return  in  time  for  the  opening  of  the  public  schools.  The  first  two  weeks  of 
September  are  devoted  to  giving  recreation  to  eighty  mothers  and  eighty 
babies.  The  mothers,  babies,  young  women  and  girls  and  boys  are  given 
free  excursions  on  the  lake  by  the  gentlemen  in  the  vicinity  who  own 
private  yachts. 

German  Old  People's  Home. —'Located,  at  Harlem— Altenheim  P.  O.— ten 
miles  west  of  the  City  Hall.  Take  train  at  Grand  Central  depot,  Fifth  ave. 
and  Harrison  st.  This  Home  was  established  through  the  efforts  and  gener- 
osity of  the  German  residents  of  Chicago,  and  is  the  largest  and  best  con- 
ducted institution  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  The  Home  buildings  are  com- 
plete, the  surroundings  beautiful,  and  nothing  is  spared  to  make  the  lives 
of  the  old  people  committed  to  its  care  as  happy  as  possible. 

Good  Samaritan  Society.— Industrial  Home,  151  Lincoln  ave.,  North  side; 
take  Lincoln  ave.  car.  This  institution  is  incorporated  by  special  charter. 
The  object  of  this  Society  is  to  provide  a  place  for  destitute  women  and  girls, 
believed  to  be  worthy,  where  they  can  earn  an  honest  and  respectable 
living. 

Guardian  Angel  Orphan  Asylum.— This  is  a  German  Roman  Catholic 
institution  and  is  located  at  Rosehill  (Havelock  P.  O.).  Take  train  at  Wells 
st.  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.  The  institution  is  conducted  by  the  Poor 
Handmaids  of  Jesus  Christ;  Superior,  Sister  Mary  Hyacinthe. 

Hebrew  Charity  Association.— This  association  is  accomplishing  a 
remarkable  and  a  noble  work  in  Chicago.  It  is  composed  of  the  various 
Hebrew  charitable  organizations.  The  receipts  from  its  annual  charity- 
ball  run  up  to  $12,000,  which  sum  is  distributed  among  Jewish  charitable 
institutions. 

Helping  Hand,  The.— Location  at  West  Washington  and  Clinton  sts. 
Object,  to  assist  deserving  men  to  such  an  extent  as  will  fit  them  to  help 
themselves.  One  of  the  most  important  rules  of  the  new  establishment  is 
thus  expressed:  "A  clean  bed,  a  compulsory  bath,  a  clean  night  shirt,  and 
such  treatment  of  clothing  as  will  destroy  all  vermin,"  all  of  which  is  deemed 
quite  as  needful  as  food  to  the  self-respect  of  a  man.  The  three  floors  con- 
tain twenty-six  rooms,  eighteen  of  which  are  provided  with  enough  single 
beds  to  accommodate  one  hundred  lodgers.  The  rates  at  the  Helping  Hand 
are  15  cents  for  a  bed,  or  35  cents  for  supper,  bed  and  breakfast.  Cash  will 
be  accepted  from  those  who  have  it;  able-bodied  men  without  the  price  will 
be  required  to  pay  an  equivalent  in  work  furnished  by  the  institution, 
(-ripples  and  men  unable  to  work  do  not  come  within  the  scope  of  this 
refuge;  they  will  be  referred  to  the  institutions  which  cover  that  field. 

Holy  Family  Polish  and  Bohemian  Orphan  Asylum. — Located  at  Holt  and 
Division  sts.  This  is  a  Catholic  institution.  Sister  Mary  Rosarnunda, 
Superior. 


214  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Home  for  Cripples.— Projected.  For  the  care  of  destitute  crippled 
children. 

Home  for  Incurables. — Located  on  Ellis  ave.  and  Fifty-sixth  st.  Take 
Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line.  The  buildings,  together  with  the  surround- 
ing grounds,  are  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Clarissa  C.  Peck.  This  kindly  lady,  when 
living,  was  active  in  all  good  works,  and  dying,  bequeathed  the  better  half 
of  her  estate  for  the  alleviation  of  a  class  for  whom  no  adequate  provision 
was  made.  To  be  eligible,  the  applicant  must  be  afflicted  with  some  pro- 
nounced disease,  which  is  considered  incurable  by  the  trustees,  who  are  the 
final  judges  in  the  matter.  The  predominating  diseases  are  paralysis  and 
rheumatism,  the  first  being  the  more  frequent.  Those  who  are  so  afflicted 
as  not  to  be  able  to  walk  are  provided  with  invalid  chairs,  which  they  can 
propel  at  pleasure  about  their  rooms  or  through  the  long  corridors  out 
upon  the  wide  verandas.  There  are  comfortable  seats  and  inviting  ham- 
mocks and  a  perspective  of  lawn  and  bright  flowers  which  means  much  to 
feeble  eyes  and  limbs.  There  is  a  parlor  upon  every  floor,  where  the  chairs 
are  wheeled  at  the  will  of  each  occupant.  There  is  a  commodious  reading- 
room,  and  the  men  have  a  smoking-room  where  they  may  indulge  to  their 
hearts'  content  in  the  use  of  their  favorite  brands.  During  the  usual  visit- 
ing hours  strangers  are  always  welcome. 

Home  for  Self  -  Supporting  Women. — Located  at  275  and  277  Indiana  st. 
Take  Indiana  street  car.  An  institution  which  affords  a  home  for  girls  and 
women,  whether  employed  or  unemployed,  if  they  are  willing  to  support 
themselves  when  occasion  offers.  A  great  many  women  who  work  outside 
make  this  their  home. 

Home  for  Unemployed  Girls. — Located  at  Market  and  Elm  sts.,  North 
side.  Take  North  Market  st.  car.  This  institution  is  conducted  by  the 
Franciscan  sisters.  Girls  temporarily  out  of  employment  are  cared  for 
here.  The  charity  is  a  noble  on3  and  receives  the  generous  support  of 
Roman  Catholics. 

Home  for  Working  Women.— Located  at  21  S.  Peoria  st.,  West  side.  Take 
Madison  st.  cable  line.  Conducted  by  the  Working  Women's  Home  Associa- 
tion. The  home  was  first  opened  on  the  17th  of  May,  1890.  The  aim  of  those 
in  charge  is  to  furnish  a  place  where  no  respectable  woman,  regardless  of 
her  nationality  or  religion,  will  be  refused  needed  assistance,  and  to  enable 
those  who  earn  but  little  to  live  comfortably  and  respectably.  The  food  is 
said  to  be  wholesome,  well-cooked,  and  there  is  plenty  of  it.  Every  inmate 
has  her  own  bed,  and  every  room  has  a  closet.  Free  stationary?  reading, 
sewing  and  bathing  rooms  are  at  the  disposal  of  all,  and  a  typewriter  and 
piano  add  to  the  attraction  of  the  place. 

Home  for  the  Friendless.— Located  at  1926  Wabash  ave.  Take  Wabash 
ave.  cable  line.  Established  in  1858.  It  is  stated  in  the  act  of  incorpora- 
tion :  "  The  object  and  purpose  of  the  Chicago  Home  for  the  Friendless  shall 
be  the  relieving,  aiding  and  providing  homes  for  friendless  and  indigent 
women  and  children."  The  middle-aged  women  at  the  home  are  usually 
transients.  A  woman  is  out  of  work,  or  a  stranger,  and  has  no  money  to 
get  a  lodging.  She  makes  her  way  to  the  home,  where  all  are  received 
except  the  unfortunate  victim  of  drink,  for  whom  there  is  no  immediate 
place  but  the  police  station.  After  admission  the  new  guest  is  provided 
with  a  hot  bath,  and,  if  she  desires,  some  clean  clothes.  She  is  then  given  a 
good  meal,  and,  as  it  is  usually  at  night  that  such  applications  are  made,  she 
is  taken  to  a  comfortable  bed.  In  the  morning,  after  breakfast,  she  is 
expected  to  help  during  the  forenoon  with  the  work  of  the  house,  and  then 
she  can  have  the  rest  of  the  day  to  look  for  employment  outside.  Some- 
times such  women  stay  for  a  week  or  tAvo  weeks  before  they  find  work,  and 
they  are  made  to  feel  at  home  during  that  time.  In  what  is  called  the 
"  Industrial  School,"  young  girls — or  women  who  seriously  desire  to  learn — 
are  taken,  and,  while  kept  as  inmates  of  the  home  for  such  time  as  would 
be  required,  are  taught  sewing  and  housekeeping.  The  children  in  the 
home  are  mostly  those  who  have  been  abandoned  by  their  parents  and 
picked  up  by  officers  of  the  Humane  Society.  They  come,  of  course,  in  dif- 


216  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

ferent  ways,  out  criminal  neglect  by  their  parents  is  the  usual  cause  of 
their  suffering.  Children  under  nine  months  are  not  received  at  this  insti- 
tution. 

Home  of  Industry.— located,  at  234  and  236  Honore  St.,  West  side.  Take 
Van  Buren  st.  car.  The  Home  of  Industry  was  organized  by  Michael  Dunn, 
a  reformed  criminal,  who  had  spent  over  thirty  years  of  his  life  in  penal 
institutions  all  over  the  world.  It  is  a  refuge  for  returned  convicts.  In 
connection  with  the  institution  is  a  broom  factory,  where  every  one  who 
is  taken  in  has  to  earn  his  living  or  do  as  much  toward  it  as  he  can.  The 
institution  is  not  self-supporting  and  has  to  depend  quite  largely  on  public 
charity.  Most  of  the  inmates  of  the  place  come  from  Joliet  and  Michigan 
City,  the  nearest  prisons  to  this  city,  but  the  place  has  been  a  refuge  for 
pi-isoners  from  most  every  penal  institution  in  the  country.  Every  man  is 
paid  for  his  work  in  the  place  from  the  time  he  enters,  according  to  the 
degree  of  proficiency  he  has  acquired.  Many  of  them  turn  out  well  and 
return  to  their  homes  to  lead  honest  lives. 

Home  of  Providence.— Located  at  Calumet  ave.  and  Twenty-sixth  st., 
adjoining  Mercy  Hospital.  Take  Cottage  Grove  cable  line.  An  institution 
for  the  care  and  protection  of  young  women.  Conducted  by  the  Sisters  of 
Mercy. 

Home  of  the  Aged.— Located  at  W.  Harrison  and  Throop  sts.  Take  W. 
Harrison  st.  car.  Conducted  by  the  Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor,  who  depend 
for  the  maintenance  of  the  institution  entirely  upon  the  alms  which  they 
solicit.  The  building  is  a  very  large,  plain,  brick  structure  and  is  generally 
crowded  with  inmates,  whose  ages  vary  between  60  and  100  years.  It  is  a 
worthy  charity  and  the  Little  Sisters,  who  have  a  method  of  seeking  alms 
peculiar  to  themselves,  are  generally  popular  among  the  business  people 
of  the  city,  who  give  them  liberal  contributions.  The  Little  Sisters  are  a 
French  order.  They  have  two  institutions  in  the  city. 

House  of  The  Good  Shepherd.— Located,  at  N.  Market  and  Hill  sts.  Take 
Market  st.  car.  Conducted  by  the  Sisters  of  the  Good  Shepherd— Superior, 
Mother  Mary  Angelique.  This  institution  is  a  haven  and  a  reformatory  for 
fallen  women  desiring  to  rise  out  of  their  condition,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
extensive,  as  well  as  one  of  the  most  useful,  charities  in  the  city. 

Hull  House. — Hull  House  is  the  title  by  which  is  known  a  social  settle- 
ment of  women  established  335  South  Halsted  st.  Its  purpose  is  to  furnish 
an  intellectual  and  social  center  for  the  surrounding  neighborhood.  There 
is  no  organization  and  the  residents  pay  their  own  expenses.  Miss  Culver, 
the  owner  of  the  property,  gives  the  rent,  and  various  friends  furnish  a 
small  fund  for  contingent  expenses.  Mr.  Edward  Butler  has  erected  a  fire- 
proof art  building,  in  which  are  an  art  exhibit  room,  a  studio  and  a  station 
of  the  free  public  library.  Hull  House  carries  on  a  free  kindergarten  com- 
posed largely  of  Italian  children.  In  a  separate  cottage  is  a  day  nursery 
where  mothers,  who  are  obliged  to  work  away  from  home,  may  bring  their 
children  to  be  cared  for  and  fed  during  the  day  for  a  charge  of  five  cents 
each.  A  well  equipped  diet  kitchen  furnishes  specially  prepared  food  for 
the  sick,  which  is  sold  at  the  cost  of  the  material;  or,  if  necessary,  given 
away  on  the  recommendation  of  the  visiting  district  nurse.  A  free  gymna- 
sium is  open,  which  is  used  three  evenings  in  the  week  by  men  and  boys, 
and  three  evenings  by  women  and  girls.  There  are  various  free  afternoon 
sewing  classes  for  girls,  and  clubs  for  small  boys,  and  evening  social  and 
literary  chibs  for  girls  and  young  men.  Weekly  free  concerts  or  lectures 
are  held,  to  which  all  who  visit  the  House  are  invited.  Five  evenings  in  the 
week  College  Extension  courses  are  given,  for  which  a  fee  of  fifty  cents  per 
course  of  twelve  weeks  is  charged.  The  average  number  of  students  in 
these  classes  is  about  175,  while  the  total  average  number  of  persons  who 
visit  the  House  weekly  to  attend  the  various  classes  and  clubs  is  about  800. 

Industrial  Training  Schools.— [For  industrial  training  schools  for  boys 
and  girls,  see  "  Education— Training  Schools."] 


GEXKHAL   INFORMATION.  217 

Margaret  Etter  Creche  Kindergarten.— Located  at  2356  Wabash  ave.  Take 
Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  Established  Aug.  3, 1885.  One  of  the  noblest  chari- 
ties in  the  city.  It  cares  for  the  children  of  mothers  who  are  compelled  to 
work  out  for  a  living.  Besides  "the  day  nursery  a  kindergarten  is  carried 
on,  but  it  in  no  way  counts  on  the  treasury  of  the  creche.  The  assistance 
of  charitably -inclined  people  is  necessary  to  the  maintenance  of  the  creche. 

Masonic  Orphans'  Home. — Located  at  447  Carroll  ave.  and  Sheldon  st. 
Cares  for  about  thirty  children,  but  has  accommodation  for  about  seventy- 
live,  and  is  supported  by  voluntary  contributions  from  city  and  state. 

Newsboys'  and  Bootblacks'  Home. — Located  at  1418  Wabash  ave.  Take 
Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  This  institution  has  been  in  existence  over  twenty- 
five  years.  It  had  its  inception  in  the  Chicago  Industrial  School  from 
which  a  charter  was  obtained  in  1867.  This  industrial  school  was  very  soon 
merged  into  the  home  and  was  the  first  movement  to  assist  helpless  street 
children  in  Chicago.  The  object  of  the  institution  is  "to  provide  a  go'od 
Christian  home  for  newsboys  and  bootblacks  and  other  unprotected  home- 
less boys.  Also  to  aid  them  in  finding  homes  and  employment  in  either-  city 
or  country."  While-the  doors  of  the  Home  have  always  been  open  and  a 
request  for  shelter  and  food  has  been  all  that  was  necessary  to  obtain 
admittance,  in  order  to  foster  independence  and  self-help  the  small  sum  of 
15c.  is  charged  for  supper,  breakfast  and  lodging.  If,  however,  a  boy  is  not 
able  to  pay  "banner,"  as  all  charges  for  entertainment  are  called  by  street 
boys,  he  is  still  entertained.  Provision  is  made  lor  destitute  boys  by  giving 
them  work  and  small  amount  of  money  for  starts  by  which  they  are  able  to 
earn  what  is  required  for  their  immediate  living  expenses.  The  Newsboys" 
Appeal,  is  a  small  paper  published  in  the  interests  of  the  Home,'giving  inside 
news,  etc.  Although  the  Home  is  not  entirely  self-supporting,  there  is  no 
soliciting  done  in  its  interests.  Previous  to  the  fire,  a  lot  on  Quincy  st.  was 
given  to  the  Home  upon  which  a  small  building  was  erected.  After  the  fire, 
through  the  assistance  of  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society,  r  brick  building  was 
built,  which  together  with  the  lot,  was  later  sold  to  MarshaK  Field  &  Co.  for 
commercial  purposes  for  $50,000.  The  directors  bought  the  present  location 
out  of  the  amount  and  the  balance  is  used  for  current  expenses.  There  is  a 
night  school  four  evenings  in  a  week  from  7:30  to  9  o'clock  which  the  boys 
are  required  to  attend,  and,  where  it  is  deemed  advisable,  other  instruction 
is  provided.  The  institution  is  intended  for  a  temporary  home,  the  chief  aim 
being  to  provide  permanent  employment  for  the  boys  who  come  there  from 
all  parts  of  the  world.  The  management  of  the  Home  co-operates  with  the 
Humane  Society  and  other  kindred  organizations,  and  in  this  way  keeps 
pretty  thoroughly  informed  in  regard  to  homeless  boys. 

Odd  Fellows'  Orphans'  Home.— Located  at  Lincoln,  121.,  156  miles  south  of 
Chicago.  Take  Chicago  &  Alton  or  Illinois  Central  train.  This  is  an  insti- 
tution for  the  orphan  children,  male  and  female,  of  Odd  Fellows.  Buildings 
erected  on  a  site  presented  by  citizens  of  Lincoln.  Corner-stone  laid  April 
26,  1891. 

Old  People's  Home.— Indiana  ave.  and  Thirty-ninth  st.  Take  Indiana  ave. 
car  on  Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  Founded  about  thirty  years  ago  by  a  hum- 
ble seamstress,  who  resided  on  Third  ave.  After  the  great  fire  it  received 
from  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society  the  siini  of  $50,000,  which  was  used  as  the 
nucleus  of  a  building  fxmd,  and  the  latter  part  of  1873  found  them  estab- 
lished in  their  present  commodious  home.  Later  on  the  vacant  lots  between 
them  and  the  corner  of  Thirty-ninth  st.  were  purchased,  thus  adding  158x100 
feet  to  their  property.  This  donation  from  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society  was 
given  under  the  conditions  that  the  name  should  be  changed  to  read  "The 
Old  People's  Home,'' and  indigent  old  gentlemen  were  to  be  admitted  as 
well  as  ladies,  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society  to  have  control  of  twenty  rooms 
for  the  benefit  of  its  own  proteges.  This  institution,  in  common  with  many 
others  of  our  city  charities,  is  an  heir  of  the  late  John  Crerar,  and  receives 
by  his  munificence  an  addition  of  #50,000  to  their  funds.  There  are  at  pres- 
ent sixty-eight  inmates,  so  that  the  capacity  is  vei'y  nearly  reached.  The 
rooms  pertaining  to  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society  are  always  occupied,  admit- 


218  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

tance  to  them  being  absolutely  free.  Of  all  other  inmates  an  admission 
fee  of  $300  is  charged,  the  applicant  being  required  to  furnish  her  own 
room. 

School  Children's  Aid  Society.— Organized  for  the  purpose  of  helping  the 
very  poor  children  of  the  city  to  take  advantage  of  the  public  schools.  The 
Society  assists  dependent  widows  and  invalid  parents  so  that  they  may 
spare  the  little  ones,  clothes  the  children  properly,  furnishes  them  with 
school  books,  etc. 

School  for  Deaf  and  Dumb.-— Located,  at  409  May  st.,West  side.  Conducted 
by  the  religious  of  the  Holy  Heart  of  Mary  and  supported  by  the  Eph- 
eta  Society.  The  average  number  of  deaf  mutes  in  the  school  is  about 
fifty,  and  four  experienced  teachers  are  employed.  Mrs.  John  Cudahy  has 
devoted  a  great  deal  of  her  time  to  this  noble  charity. 

Servite  Sisters'  Industrial  Home  for  Girls.— Located  at  1396  West  Van 
Buren  st.  Take  Van  Buren  st.  car  or  Madison  st.  cable  line.  An  institution 
for  the  care,  protection  and  training  of  girls  who  have  no  homes,  or  homes 
unfit  for  them.  Conducted  by  the  Servite  Sisters  of  Mary. 

St.  Joseph's  Asylum  for  Boys.— Located  on  Crawford  ave.,  between  West 
Diversey  st.  and  Belmont  ave.  Take  Milwaukee  ave.  car. 

St.  Joseph's  Home.— Located  at  409  South  May  st.,  West  side.  Take  Blue 
Island  ave.  or  Twelfth  st.  car.  The  principal  object  of  this  institution  is  to 
afford  a  protecting  home  for  respectable  young  girls  out  of  employment, 
until  such  time  as  suitable  positions  are  secured  for  them,  either  as  domes- 
tics, sales-ladies,  cashiers,  bookkeepers,  librarians,  etc.  The  terms  for 
board  are  regulated  according  to  the  accommodations  required,  ranging  in 
price  from  $2  to  $5  per  week. 

St.  Joseph  Female  Orphan  Asylum.— Located  at  35th  st.,  and  Lake  av. 
Take  Cottage  Grove  av.  car.  Conducted  by  the  Sisters  of  the  Congregation 
of  St.  Joseph. 

St.  Joseph's  Providence  Orphan  Asylum.— Situated  near  Pennock  station 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway.  Take  train  at  Union  depot. 
Canal  and  Adams  streets,  West  side.  The  building  stands  on  a  slight  emi- 
nence in  the  midst  of  a  farm  of  forty  acres.  The  interior  arrangements  of 
the  asylum  are  on  a  par  with  the  advantages  of  space  and  pure  air.  The  large 
class-room  is  well  lighted  and  ventilated  and  each  boy  has  a  neat  desk.  A 
part  of  the  curriculum  is  devoted  to  calisthenic  exercises  and  each  day  the 
bright  looking  youngsters  swing  the  dumbbells  and  bar  bells  to  enlivening 
tunes.  Down  in  the  refrectory  the  boys  sit  at  long  tables,  where  good  food 
and  plenty  of  it  is  served  out  to  them  by  the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph.  Soup, 
meat,  vegetables,  bread  and  milk  are  given  out,  not  in  limited  quantities. 
Meat  twice  a  day  is  the  rule  for  the  180  American  boys  of  all  denominations. 
The  dormitories  are  capacious  halls,  filled  with  iron  bedsteads,  covered  with 
blankets  and  comforters.  The  whole  house  is  heated  by  steam  and  has  all 
the  modern  improvements. 

St.  Paul's  Home  for  Newsboys.— Located  at  359,  361,  363  W.  Jackson  st. 
An  institution  devoted  to  the  care  and  training  of  working  boys,  newsboys 
and  waifs  of  Chicago.  It  is  under  Catholic  auspices,  but  receives  boys  of 
any  denomination,  regardless  of  religious  belief.  Tt  has  a  large  mimber  of 
boys  in  charge. 

TJhlich  Evangelical  Lutheran  Orphan  Asylum. — Organized  in  1867  by  some 
ladies  connected  with  St.  Patil's  Church.  Incorporated  1869.  First  cared 
for  only  a  few  children  in  a  small  cottage,  Cor.  La  Salle  ave.  and  Ontario  st. 
A  larger  building  on  Clark  st.,  between  Garfleld  and  Webster  aves.,  was 
i-ented  later  on,  but  this  was  swept  away  by  the  great  fire.  The  orphans 
were  then  brought  to  the  Lake  View  school  for  shelter.  Afterwards  the 
"Chicago  Nursery  and  Half  Orphan  Asylum,"  175  Burling  st.,  took  the  chil- 
dren up  and  boarded  them.  The  ladies  had  saved  up  about  $8,000,  the 
Chicago  Aid  and  Relief  Society  contributed  $20,750,  and  they  bought  twelve 
lots  on  Burling  and  Center  sts.,  where  the  present  building  was  erected  dur- 
ing the  fall  and  winter  of  1872-73. 


220  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Waifs'  Mission.— Located  at  41  State  st.  The  object  of  the  mission  is  the 
care  of  homeless  boys,  notably  those  who  are  abandoned  to  the  sti'eets  by 
their  parents  or  other  relatives.  Statistics  of  eleven  months  show  62£ 
boys  were  admitted  to  the  home,  of  whom  419  received  temporary  board 
and  lodging.  The  average  attendance  at  the  Sunday-school  was  570, 
and  there  were  326  religious  services  held.  During  the  eleven  months 
80,000  free  meals,  16,860  free  beds,  and  7,809  free  baths  were  given,  while 
over  17,000  articles  of  clothing  were  distributed.  In  the  Police  Courts 
the  cases  of  810  boys  were  attended  to,  which  resulted  in  469  dis- 
charges, fourty-four  sent  to  the  Waifs'  Mission,  nine  sent  home,  135  fined, 
and  130  fined  but  execution  stayed  on  promise  of  better  behavior.  Only 
twenty  were  held  to  the  Criminal  Court,  and  thirty-two  cases  were  continued. 
Among  the  sick  and  poor  1,686  visits  and  investigations  were  made,  and 
relief  afforded  as  far  as  possible.  The  average  number  of  boys  enrolled  in 
the  day  school  was  forty-nine,  while  the  attendance  averaged  78  per  cent.,  a 
remarkable  good  showing  for  street  children.  Employment  and  permanent 
homes  were  found  for  188  boys.  These  figures  illustrate  the  character  of 
the  mission  work. 

CHRISTIAN  ORGANIZATIONS. 

The  following  are  the  leading  Christian  organizations  of  a  general 
character  in  the  city : 

Bible  Institute.— The  Bible  institute  for  home  and  foreign  missions  of 
the  Chicago  Evangelization  Society,  which  is  a  training  school  for  evan- 
gelists and  other  Christian  workers,  is  situated— Ladies,  Department,  228 
232  La  Salle  ave.,  next  door  to  Moody's  Church,  Chicago  ave.,  and  Men's 
Department  and  Class  Rooms,  80  W.  Pearson  st.,  between  La  Salle  ave.  and 
Wells  st.  Take  Wells  st.  or  North  Clark  cable  lines.  Dwight  L.  Moody  is 
the  founder  and  president.  The  object  of  the  Institute  is  to  give  to  men 
and  women — especially  those  who  have  not  had  the  advantages  of  higher 
education,  and  who  would  otherwise,  in  many  cases  at  least,  be  deprived  of 
special  instruction  in  various  lines  of  Christian  work — that  knowledge  and 
skill  in  the  use  of  the  Word,  which  will  fit  them  to  do  efficient  missionary 
and  evangelistic  work. 

Chicago  Bible  Society.—  Depository  and  office,  89,  115  Dearborn  st. 

Christian  Endeavor  Society  of  Cook  County.— There  are  five  divisions  in 
the  county,  as  follows — Hyde  Park,  Oak  Park,  Q.  Division,  which  takes  in 
thirteen  societies  located  on  the  line  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad;  Northwestern  Division,  which  includes  the  societies  located  not 
alone  on  the  Northwestern  road,  but  also  those  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul,  eight  all  told ;  and  the  Evanston  Division.  Each  of  these1  divis- 
ions is  in  charge  of  a  secretary.  The  societies  of  the  different  divisions 
frequently  hold  sociables,  prayer  meetings,  etc. 

Christian  Endeavor  Unions  of  Chicago. — The  Christian  Endeavor'Unions 
of  Chicago  are  as  follows:  North  side  societies,  8;  South  side  societies,  1; 
West  side  (northern)  societies,  6;  West  side  (southern)  societies,  17;  Ev- 
anston societies,  12;  Lake  View  societies,  8;  Northwestern  societies,  9; 
Oak  Park  societies,  8;  "Q"  societies,  10;  Englewood  societies,  9;  Hyde 
Park  societies,  12;  total  societies,  110;  total  active  membership  exceeds 
5,000;  total  associate  membership  exceeds  1,500. 

Christian  Endeavor— Juvenile  Societies.— Attached  to  nearly  every  Chris- 
tian Endeavor  Society  is  a  Junior  branch.  The  Sunday-school  children 
of  nearly  all  the  Protestant  churches  (except  the  Methodist  Episcopal, 
which  has  its  Junior  department  of  the  Epworth  League,)  belong  to  the 
Junior  society. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION,  221 

City  Missionary  Society. — Object:  missionary  work  among  the  masses 
of  the  people  in  Chicago,  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  missions, 
etc.  The  report  of  1892  will  illustrate  the  character  and  scope  of  the  socie- 
ty's work.  In  that  year  the  number  of  pastoral  calls  were  16,932,  and  the 
number  of  children  in  Sunday-schools  6,948.  Lots  had  been  secured  for 
missions  for  North  Roby,  Graceland,  Humboldt  Park,  and  lots  were 
needed  for  the  missions  for  Hoyne  ave.,  Washington  and  Park  Manor.  The 
society  has  missions  in  all  parts  of  the  city;  in  the  depths  of  the  slums,  as 
well  as  in  the  suburbs.  It  has  a  yearly  income  of  $25,000. 

Epicorth  League. — An  association  belonging  exclusively  to  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church.  Organized  in  1889,  it  had  in  1892  9,000  chapters  with  a 
membership  of  700,000,  while  the  1,000  chaptei-s  each  in  the  southern  and 
Canadian  church  districts  brought  the  total  membership  up  to  nearly  a 
million.  At  first  the  project  was  to  create  a  general  Christian  league, but  it 
was  decided  to  make  the  Epworth  League  a  denominational  society  purely. 
It  first  came  into  being  at  a  conference  of  the  representatives  of  all  the 
general  young  people's  societies  in  the  Methodist  church.  These  were  five 
in  number  and  were  the  Young  People's  Methodist  Alliance,  the  Oxford 
League,  the  Young  People's  Christian  League,  the  Young  People's  Method- 
ist Union  and  the  Young  People's  M.  E.  Alliance,  of  North  Ohio  conference. 
The  conference  was  held  May  14  and  15,  1889,  in  Cleveland,  when  a  plan  was 
suggested  by  Dr.  Hurlburt,  of  the  Oxford  League,  and  after  a  few  modifica- 
tions, it  was  adopted.  The  white  ribbon  with  the  scarlet  thread,  the  colors 
of  the  Oxford  League,  and  the  motto  of  the  Christian  League,  "Look  up 
and  lift  up,"  were  selected  for  the  new  organization.  From  this  compara- 
tively recent  start,  the  growth  of  the  society  has  been  wonderfully  rapid. 
Besides  the  American  chapters  alluded  to  above,  there  are  chapters  in 
China,  Japan,  India,  South  America,  England,  Switzerland,  Norway  and 
Sweden,  and  in  fact  in  every  country  wrhere  the  Methodist  church  has  fol- 
lowers or  missions.  In  the  United  States  the  official  organ  of  the  league  is 
the  Epicorth  Herald,  with  a  circulation  of  70,000.  In  Canada  the  official 
organ  is  The  Onward.  The  object  of  the  league  is  to  promote  intelligent 
and  loyal  piety  in  the  young  members  and  friends  of  the  church,  and  to  train 
them  in  the  works  of  mercy  and  help.  Any  young  people's  society  may 
become  a  member  of  the  league,  provided  that  it  adopts  its  aims  and  gen- 
eral plans.  It  is  governed  by  a  board  of  control  consisting  of  five  members, 
appointed  by  the  board  of  bishops,  five  by  the  managers  of  the  Sunday 
school  union,  five  by  the  managers  of  the  tract  society,  and  two  from  each 
general  conference  district.  The  board  meets  annually  and  the  members 
hold  office  for  two  years.  The  local  leagues  in  each  presiding  elder's  dis- 
trict are  usually  united  in  a  district  league;  these  into  annual  conference 
leagues  and  these  in  turn  into  general  conference  leagues.  No  fee  of  mem- 
bership is  required  by  the  general  league,  and  no  assessments  are  made 
upon  local  chapters,  but  each  local  chapter  is  at  liberty  to  establish  a  fee  if 
it  desires.  The  work  of  '.ne  local  leaguas,  outside  of  the  correspondence 
and  finance,  is  divided  into  four  departments:  That  in  charge  of  the  spirit- 
ual work,  arranges  for  the  regular  prayer  meetings  of  the  chapter  and  all 
outdoor  and  cottage  services.  The  members  may  also  conduct  children's 
prayer  meetings  and  aid  in  Sunday  school  and  church  work.  The  department 
of  mercy  and  help  arranges  for  the  systematic  visitation  of  the  members  of 
the  chapter,  the  sick  of  the  neighborhood,  the  aged  and  all  newcomers.  The 
literary  work  is  entrusted  to  the  task  of  inaugurating  a  study  of  the  scrip- 
tures and  of  the  doctrines,  polity,  history  and  present  activity  of  the 
Methodist  church,  as  well  as  arranging  for  lectures  and  the  literary  gather- 
ings. The  department  of  social  work  has  charge  of  all  entertainments  and 
is  supposed  to  see  to  the  gathering  in  of  the  new  members.  Working  in 
connection  with  the  Epworth  League  is  the  Junior  League,  which  is  intended 
to  be  for  the  children  what  the  other  is  for  the  young  people. 

Home  Missionary  and  Church  Extension  Society.- A.  society  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  with  headquarters  in  Chicago.  Some  idea  of  the  magni- 
tude of  the  work  accomplished  by  this  society  may  be  obtained  from  the 
fact  that  during  a  single  year  it  erected  ten  new  churches  and  opened  four- 


S22  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

teen  places  of  worship.  The  society  owns  and  controls  63  chui'ches  and 
missions,  having  a  membership  of  4,147  persons.  In  addition  9,215  people  are 
regular  attendants  at  its  Sunday  schools.  The  amount  paid  for  ministerial 
support  ana  rent  per  annum  is  about  $15,000.  The  total  value  of  the  church 
property  owned  by  the  society  is  nearly  $400,000. 

School  of  Sacred  Literature.— located,  at  391  Fifty-fifth  st.  The  object  of 
the  school  is  to  promote  the  study  of  the  bible  with  a  view  to  students  pass- 
ing an  examination  upon  the  subject.  There  are  four  grades  in  the  school, 
the  elementary,  intermediate,  progressive,  and  advanced  classes,  and  to 
each  of  these  classes,  which  may  be  formed  in  any  part  of  the  world,  ques- 
tions are  mailed  upon  a  given  subject,  each  student  paying  an  initiation 
fee  of  50  cents. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association. — Location  of  headquarters,  Y.  M.  C. 
A.  building,  La  Salle  near  Madison  street.  There  are  department  rooms  at 
Paulina  and  Madison  streets  (West  side)  ;  at  9140-9142  Commercial  ave., 
(South  Chicago) ;  at  Ravenswood,  Pullman,  and  Garlield  boulevard  and 
Tracy  ave.  There  are  also  a  railroad  department  at  Kinzie  and  Canal 
sts.,  and  a  German  department  at  Larrabee  st.  and  Grant  place.  An  inter- 
collegiate department  has  care  of  work  in  the  professional  schools  of  the 
city.  There  are  connected  with  the  association  numerous  featui-es  which  con- 
tribute toward  making  a  membership  in  this  organization  both  desirable 
and  valuable  to  young  men.  Among  the  privileges  accorded  are  participa- 
tion in  and  connection  with  the  following :  Informal  receptions,  trade  recep- 
tions, members'  receptions,  boarding-house  register,  home-like  place,  good 
company,  friendly  counsel,  general  information,  employment  bureau,  wri- 
ting conveniences,  care  in  sickness,  members'  parlors,  parlor  games,  read- 
ing room,  current  literature,  educational  classes,  entertainments,  practical 
talks,  literary  society,  reference  library,  gymnasium,  physical  instruction, 
medical  examination,  healthful  baths,  toilet  conveniences,  summer  athlet- 
ics, outing  club,  gospel  meetings,  training  classes,  bible  classes,  prayer 
meetings,  teachers'  meetings.  Associate  members  are  young  men  over 
sixteen  years  of  age,  whose  references  as  to  good  moral  character  are  satis- 
factory. Active  members  are  young  men  over  sixteen  years  of  age,  who  are 
members  in  good  standing  of  some  evangelical  church.  A  regular  mem- 
bership ticket  good  in  all  departments,  either  active  or  associate, 
requires  an  annual  membership  fee  of  $5.00  A  membership  may  be 
obtained  by  any  young  man  regardless  of  church  membership  or 
belief.  The  paid  membership  of  the  Chicago  association  is  over  five 
thousand.  The  Chicago  association  is  the  second  in  the  world  in  member- 
ship and  in  the  amount  of  money  received  annually  for  current  expenses. 
[See  "  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Building"  and  "  Guide."] 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association  (Scandinavian). — Located  at  183  North 
Peoria  st.  Has  very  comfortable  rooms  and  a  large  membership. 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association.— Located,  in  room  61,  243  Wabash 
ave.  Has  in  charge  a  boarding  house  for  young  working  women.  The 
Rosalie  Court  Home,  at  No.  5758  Rosalie  ct.,  was  opened  in  1892  as  the  World's 
Fair  home  of  the  Association. 

W.  C.  T.  U.,  Central  of  Chicago.— Headquarters,  The  Temple.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  general  work  of  this  .association,  it  conducts  the  Bethesda  mis- 
sion, 606  South  Clark  st.,  with  which  is  connected  a  day  nursery,  kindergar- 
ten, Sunday-school,  kitchen  garden,  free  medical  dispensary,  relief  work  and 
gospel  meetings;  the  Talcott  Day  Nursery,  169  West  Adams  St.,  with  which 
is  connected  a  day  nursery,  a  kindergarten  and  an  industrial  school; 
the  Anchorage  Mission,  125  Third  ave.;  the  Hope  Mission  and  Reading 
School,  166  North  Halstead  st. ;  the  Bethesda  Inn,  408  South  Clark  st. 
The  missions,  nui'series,  kindergartens,  etc.,  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  are  all 
doing  a  splendid  work  in  Chicago;  so,  also,  is  the  association's  super- 
vision of  the  work  of  the  police  matrons  at  the  several  stations.  The 
object  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  as  stated  in  the  constitution  of  the  association,  is 
to  plan  and  carry  forward  measures  which  will,  with  the  blessing  of 
God,  result  in  the  suppression  of  intemperance  in  our  midst,  and  the 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
DEARBORN  "POLK  STREET"  PASSENGER  STATION. 

[See   "Railroads."] 


224  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

highest  moral  and  spiritual  good  of  those  needing  reform:  and  to  this 
»  IK!  to  provide  and  maintain  permanent  buildings,  rooms  and  accommo- 
dations for  the  devotional,  business  and  social  meetings  of  the  association, 
and  to  sustain  and  carry  forward  the  mission  and  general  work  for  the 
suppression  of  intemperance  and  for  moral  refoi-m,  and  to  encourage  and 
aid  such  work  in  general  by  individual  and  auxiliary  societies  and  associa- 
tions. 

TF.  C.  T.  U.  National  Headquarters.— The  national  headquarters  of  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  are  located  in  The  Temple,  La  Salle  and  Adams  sts.  Miss  Francis 
Willard,  president  of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  resides  at  Evanston,  as  do 
also  Mrs.  Caroline  B.  Buell  and  Miss  Esther  Pugh,  officers  of  the  Union. 

CHURCHES. 

The  visitor  will  not  be  many  houfs  in  Chicago  before  he  is  impressed 
with  the  number  and  beauty  of  the  structures  consecrated  to  divine  wor- 
ship, Unlike  some  of  the  older  American  and  European  cities,  however,  he 
will  notice  that  thei'e  are  no  church  edifices  in  the  business  center,  nor 
along  any  of  tne  great  business  arteries.  There  were  a  number  of  hand- 
some and  costly  church  buildings  in  the  business  district  previous  to  1871, 
but  the  great  fire  swept  them  away.  After  the  fire,  the  ground  upon  which 
they  had  stood  proved  to  be  so  valuable  that  the  various  church  societies 
and  congregations  decided  either  to  sell  or  improve  their  "  down  town  " 
real  property,  and  build  their  churches  on  less  expensive  ground  and  nearer 
the  residence  districts.  Among  the  churches  that  were  to  be  found  down 
town  before  the  fire,  were  the  First  Presbyterian  church,  on  Wabash  ave., 
near  Jackson ;  the  Second  Presbyterian  church,  at  the  N.  E.  Cor.  Wabash 
ave.  and  Washington  st. ;  St,  Mary's  Catholic  church,  at  the  S.  W.  Cor. 
Wabash  ave.  and  Madison  st.,  where  "St.  Mary's  block  "  now  stands:  the 
First  Baptist  church,  on  Wabash  ave.,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Everts'  (Episcopal) 
church.  There  were  many  others  not  so  well  known  and  not  so  well  re- 
membered. The  Methodists,  Presbyterians,  Baptists,  Unitarians,  Roman 
Catholics,  Episcopalians,  and,  in  fact,  all  denominations,  lost  heavily  by  the 
great  fire,  both  in  the  South  and  North  divisions.  Since  then,  however, 
they  have  all  prospered,  and  every  year  since  have  added  to  the  magnitude, 
the  costliness  and  the  beauty  of  the  church  edifices  they  have  erected.* 

LEADING  AND  POPULAR  MINISTERS  AND  PREACHERS.— Popular  ministers 
of  the  city  and  those  of  whom  the  visitor  i&  likely  to  hear  oftenest,  are  Prof. 
David  Swing,  Central  Church,  Central  Music  Hall,  State  and  Randolph  sts. ; 
Dr.  H.  W.  Thomas,  People's  Church,  McVicker's  Theatre,  Madison  st.,  near 
State  st. ;  Simon  J.  MacPherson,  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  Michigan 
blvd.  and  Twentieth  st. ;  F.  J.  Brobst,  Westminister  Presbyterian,  Peoria 
and  Jackson  sts. ;  F.  W.  Gunsaulus,  Plymouth  Congregational,  Michigan  ave. 
near  Twenty-sixth  st. ;  Rabbi  E.  G.  Hirsch,  Sinai  Congregation,  Indiana  ave. 
and  Twenty-first  st. ;  Dr.  John  H.  Barrows,  First  Presbyterian,  Indiana  ave. 
and  Twenty-first  st. ;  H.  H.  Barbour,  Belden  Avenue  Methodist  Church, 
Belden  ave.  and  Halsted  st. ;  Dr.  P.  S.  Hensen,  First  Baptist  Church,  South 
Park  ave.  and  Thirty-first  st. ;  Rev.  Fred  Campbell,  Jefferson  Park  Presby- 
terian Church,  Adams  and  Throop  sts.;  Dr.  W.  M.  Lawrence,  Second 
Baptist  Church,  Morgan  and  Monroe  sts. ;  Dr.  E.  P.  Goodwin,  First  Congre- 
gational Church,  Washington  blvd.  and  Ann  st. ;  Dr.  F.  A.  Noble,  Union 
Park  Congregational  Church,  Washington  blvd.  and  Ashland  ave.;  Rt. 
Rev.  William  E.  McLaren,  Lpiscopal  Cathedral,  Washington  blvd.  and 
Peoria  st. ;  Rev.  Dr.  Clinton  Locke,  Grace  Episcopal  Church,  1445  Wabash 
ave.;  Rt.  Rev.  Charles  E.  Cheney,  Christ's  Episcopal  Church,  Michigan 
ave.  and  Twenty-fourth  st. ;  Rt.  Rev.  Samuel  Fallows,  St.  Paul's  Episco- 
pal, Adams  st.  and  Winchester  ave. ;  J.  P.  Brushingham,  Ada  Street  M. 
E.  Church,  Ada  st.,  between  Lake  and  Fulton  sts.;  Robert  Mcliityre, 
Grace  M.  E.  Church,  Cor.  La  Salle  ave.  and  Locust  st.;  Dr.  William  Fawcett, 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  225 

Park  Avenue  M.  E.  Church,  Park  ave.,  Cor.  Robey  St.;  Frank  M.  Bristol, 
Trinity  M.  E.  Church,  Indiana  ave.,  near  Twenty-fourth  St.;  Dr.  W.  T.  Meloy, 
First  United  Presbyterian  Church,  Monroe  and  Paulina  sts. ;  Dr.  M.  W.  Stry- 
ker,  Fourth  Presbyterian  Church,  Rush  and  Superior  sts.;  Dr.  John  L. 
Withrow,  Third  Presbyterian  Church,  Ashland  blvd.  and  Ogden  ave. ;  Jen- 
kins Lloyd  Jones,  All  Souls'  Church,  Oakwood  blvd.  and  Langley  ave. ;  T.  G. 
Milsted,  Unity  Church,  Dearborn  ave.  and  Walton  place;  J.  Colman  Adams, 
St.  Paul's  Unitarian  Church,  Prairie  ave.  and  Thirtieth  st. 

LOCATION  OF  LEADING  CHURCHES.— The  leading  churches  of  the  three 
divisions  of  the  city  are  removed  to  the  extent  of  a  street  car  trip  from 
hotels  and  depots  of  the  South  side.  On  the  West  side  they  are  found 
principally  along  Washington  and  Ashland  blvds.  or  around  Jefferson  and 
Union  parks.  Centenary  Methodist  and  the  Second  Baptist  churches,  two 
of  the  oldest  in  the  city,  are  located  on  Monroe  and  Morgan  sts.  On  the 
North  side  they  are  to  be  found  in  the  district  north  of  Ontario  and  east  of 
Clai'k  sts.,  principally  on  Dearborn  ave.  On  the  South  side  they  are  to  be 
found  on  Wabash  ave.,  Michigan  blvd.,  and  in  the  district  east  of  State  st., 
and  south  of  Twenty-second  st.  Take  West  Madison  cable  line  for  West 
side,  North  Clark  st.  cable  line  or  State  st.  horse  line  for  North  side  and  Cot- 
tage Grove  ave.  cable  line  for  South  side.  Two  of  the  leading  independent' 
churches  of  the  city,  however,  the  Central  and  the  People's,  hold  services  in 
the  Central  Music  Hall  and  Mo V;cker's  Theatre,  respectively,  only  a  short 
walk  from  the  hotels.  Prof.  Swing  preaches  at  the  former  every  Sunday 
Dr.  Thomas  at  the  latter. 

PRINCIPAL  CHURCHES  AND  CHURCH  EDIFICES. — The  principal  churches  and 
church  edifices  of  the  city,  with  their  locations,  are  as  follows1 : 

Christian  Churches. — First  Church,  W.  Jackson  st.  and  Oakley  ave.  Cen- 
ral,  Indiana  ave.  and  Thirty-seventh  st. 

Congregational  Churches. — BETHANY,  Superior  and  Lincoln  sts. ;  CALIFOR- 
NIA AVENUE,  California  ave.  and  W.  Monroe  st. ;  CENTRAL  PARK,  W.  Forty- 
first  and  Fulton  sts. ;  CHURCH  OF  THE  REDEEMER,  School  st.,  near  Evanston 
ave.;  FIRST,  Washington  blvd.,  S.  W.  Cor.  Ann  st. ;  FIRST  (Scandinavian), 
Point  and  Chanay  sts. ;  GERMAN  PILGRIM,  W.  Fulton  and  W.  Forty-first  sts. : 
JEFFERSON  PARK,  Jefferson  Park;  JOHANNES  (German),  Franklin  st.,  near 
Eugenie  st. :  LEAVITT  STREET,  Leavitt  st.  and  S.  W.  Cor.  W.  Adams  st. ; 
LINCOLN  PARK,  Garfield  ave.  and  Mohawk  st. ;  MILLARD  AVENUE,  S.  Central 
Park  ave.,  S.  E.  Cor.  W.  Twenty-third  st. ;  NEW  ENGLAND,  Dearborn  ave.  and 
Delaware  pi.;  PLYMOUTH,  Michigan  ave.,  near  Twenty-sixth  st. ;  SARDIS, 
(Welch),  Peoria  near  Jackson  st. ;  SOUTH,  Drexel  blvd.,  N.  W.  Cor.  For- 
tieth st.;  SOUTH,  (German),  Ullman  st.  and  James  ave.;  SOUTH  PARK,  Madi- 
son ave.  and  Fifty-sixth  st. ;  TABERNACLE,  W.Indiana  st.,S.  E.  Cor.  Morgan 
st. ;  UNION  PARK,  S.  Ashland  ave.  and  Washington  blvd. ;  WARREN  AVENUE, 
Warren  ave.,  S.  W.  Cor.  Albany  ave. ;  ZION,  Fifty-sixth  and  S.  Green  st. 

Baptist  Churches. —  CENTENNIAL,  West  Jackson  st.,  Cor.  Lincoln  st. ; 
EVANGEL,  Dearborn  and  Forty-seventh  sts. ;  FIRST,  South  Park  ave.  and 
Thirty -first  st.;  FIRST  (German),  Bickerdike  and  West  Huron  sts.;  FIRST 
(Swedish),  Oak  st.,  near  Sedgwick  st.;  FOURTH,  Ashland  blvd.  and  Ogden 
ave.;  HYDE  PARK,  Madison  ave.  and  Fifty-fourth  st.,  Hyde  Park;  IMMANUEL 
(W.  S.),  Michigan  ave.,  near  Twenty-third  st. ;  LANGLEY  AVENUE,  Langley 
ave.  and  Seventy-first  st. ;  LA  SALLE  AVENUE,  La  Salle  ave.,  near  Division 
st. ;  MEMORIAL.  Oakwood  blvd.,  near  Cottage  Grove  ave. ;  PULLMAN  (Swed- 
ish), Pullman;  SCANDINAVIAN  BETHEL,  Rockwell  st.,  near  Humboldt  Park; 
SCANDINAVIAN  PILGRIM,  North  Carpenter  and  Ohio  sts.;  SECOND,  Morgan 
st.,  S.  W.  Cor.  West  Monroe  st. ;  SECOND  (German),  Burling  and  Willow  sts. ; 
SECOND  (Swedish),  3018-3020  Fifth  ave..  near  Thirty-first  st. ;  WESTERN  AVE- 
NUE, Warren  ave.  N.  W.  Cor.  North  Western  ave. 

Evangelical  Association  of  North  America  (German).— ADAMS  ST.,  W. 
Adams  and  Robey  sts. ;  FIRST,  Thii'ty -fifth  and  Dearborn  sts.;  SECOND,  Wis- 
consin and  Sedgwick  sts. 


226  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Evangelical  Lutheran  (Danish}. — ST.  STEPHEN'S,  Dearborn  and  Thirty- 
sixth  sts.';  TRINITY,  440  and  442  W.  Superior  st. ;  BETHEL,  W.  Lake  and  Forty- 
second  sts. 

Evangelical  Lutheran  (German). — ANDREAS,  3650  Honore;  BETHLEHEM,  N. 
Paulina  and  McReynolds  sts. ;  CHURCH  OF  THE  HOLY  CROSS,  Ullman  st.,  N.W. 
Cor.  James  ave. ;  EMANUEL,  Twelfth  st.  and  Ashland  ave. ;  MARTINI,  4838 
Loomis;  NAZARETH,  Forest  ave.,  near  Fullerton  ave. ;  ST.  PAUL'S,  Superior 
and  N.  Franklin  st. ;  ST.  STEPHEN'S,  838  Chestnut. 

Evangelical  Lutheran  (Norwegian). — BETHNIA,  W.  Indiana  st..  S.  E.  Cor. 
Carpenter  st. ;  BETHLEHEM,  W.  Huron  st.,  Cor.  N.  Center  ave.;  EMANUEL, 
Perry  ave.  and  Cherry ;  NORWEGIAN,  N.  Franklin  and  Erie  sts. ;  OUR  SAVIOR'S, 
May  and  W.  Erie  sts. ;  ST.  PAUL'S,  N.  Lincoln  and  Park  sts. ;  ST.  PETER'S, 
Hirsch  st.  and  Seymour  ave. ;  TRINITY,  W.  Indiana  St.,  S.  W.  Cor.  Peoi'ia  st. 

Evangelical  Lutheran  (Swedish)  Churches. — GETHSEMANE,  May  and  W. 
Huron  sts. ;  IMMANUEL,  Sedgwick  and  Hobbie  sts. ;  TABERNACLE,  S.  La  Salle 
and  Thirtieth  sts. 

Episcopal  (Reformed)  Churches. — CHRIST,  Michigan  ave.  and  Twenty- 
fourth  st.;  ST.  JOHN'S,  Thirty-seventh  st.,  Cor.  Langley  ave.;  ST.  BARNABAS', 
Park  ave.  and  Forty-fourth  st. ;  ST.  BARTHOLOMEW'S,  Sixty-fifth  st.  and  Stew- 
art ave. ;  ST.  PAUL'S,  4928  Lake  ave. 

Episcopal  Churches.— An  SAINTS',  757  N.  Clark ;  CATHEDRAL  SS.  PETER  AND 
PAUL,  Washington  blvd.  and  Peoria  st. ;  CALVARY,  Western  ave.  and  Monroe 
st. ;  CHRIST,  Sixty-fourth  st.  and  Woodlawn  av. ;  CHURCH  OP  OUR  SAVIOR,  Lin- 
coln and  Balden  aves. ;  CHURCH  OP  ST.  CLEMENT,  State  and  Twentieth  st. ; 
CHURCH  OP  THE  ASCENSION,  N.  La  Salle  and  Elm ;  CHURCH  OP  THE  EPIPHANY,  S. 
Ashland  ave.,  Cor.  W.  Adams;  CHURCH  OP  THE  REDEEMER,  Fifty-seventh  st. 
and  Washington  ave. ;  CHURCH  OP  THE  TRANSFIGURATION,  Prairie  ave.  and 
Thirty-ninth  St.;  GRACE,  1445  Wabash  ave.,  near  Sixteenth  st. ;  ST.  ALBAN'S, 
State  st.  near  Forty-fifth ;  ST.  ANDREW'S,  Washington  blvd.  and  Robey  st. ; 
ST.  James',  Cor.  Cass  and  Huron  sts. ;  TRINITY,  Michigan  ave.  and  Twenty- 
sixth  st. ;  ST.  MARKS',  Cor.  Thirty-sixth  and  Cottage  Grove  ave. 

Independent  Churches. — The  Independent  Churches  of  Chicago  are 
located  as  follows:  CHICAGO  AVENUE  (Moody's,)  Chicago  ave..  N.  W.  Cor. 
La  Salle  ave. ;  CENTRAL  CHURCH  (Swing's),  Central  Music  Hall,  State  st.,  S. 
E.  Cor.  Randolph  st. ;  MARKET  STREET  MISSION,  38  Kinzie  st. :  PEOPLES' 
CHURCH  (Thomas'),  Me Vicker's Theatre. 

Jewish  Synagogues.— CONGREGATIONAL  EMANUEL,  280  and  282  N.  Franklin 
st. ;  CONGREGATION  OF  THE  NORTH  SIDE,  N.  E.  Cor.  Rush  st.  and  Walton  pi. ; 
CONGREGATION  MOSES  MONTEFIORE,  130  Augusta  st. ;  CONGREGATION  BETHEL, 
N.  May  st.  near  W.Huron  st. ;  KEHILATH  B'NAi  SHOLOM  (Sons  of  Peace), 
Twenty-sixth,  Cor.  Indiana;  SINAI  CONGREGATION,  Indiana  ave.  and  Twenty- 
first  st. ;  ZION  CONGREGATION,  S.  E.  Cor.  Washington  blvd.  and  Ogden  ave. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Churches.— Av  A  STREET,  Ada  st.,  between  W.  Lake 
and  Fulton  sts. ;  CENTENARY,  295  W.  Monroe  st.,  near  Morgan  st. ;  ERIE 
STREET,  W.  Erie  st.,  near  N.  Robey  st.;  FIFTY-FOURTH  STREET,  Fifty-fourth 
and  Peoria  sts. ;  FIRST,  Clark  and  Washington  sts. ;  FORTY-SEVENTH,  Forty- 
seventh  and  Dreyer  sts. ;  GARFIELD  PARK,  W.  Lake,  Cor.  Homanave. ;  GRACE, 
La  Salle  ave.  and  Locust  st. ;  HYDE  PARK,  Hyde  Park,  KENWOOD,  83  Forty- 
third  st.;  LINCOLN  STREET,  S.  E.  Cor.  Ambrose  and  S.  Lincoln  sts.;  MARSH- 
FIELD  AVENUE,  Marshfield  st.,  S.  of  W.  Van  Buren  st. ;  OAKLAND,  S.  W.  Cor. 
Langley  ave.and  Oakland  blvd. ;  PARK  AVENUE,  S.  E.  Cor.  Robey  and  Park 
ave. ;  SOUTH  PARK  AVENUE,  Thirty-third  st.  and  South  Park  ave. ;  STATE 
STREET,  4637  State  st. ;  ST  PAUL'S,  W.  Taylor  st.  and  Center  ave. ;  TRINITY, 
Indiana  ave.,  near  Twenty-fourth  st. ;  WESTERN  AVENUE,  W.  Monroe  st.  and 
Western  ave. 

Methodist  Episcopal  (Bohemian)  Churches.— FIRST,  778  S.  Halsted  st. ; 
SECOND,  S.  Halsted  and  W.  Twelfth. 

Methodist  Episcopal  (German)  Churches.—  ASHLAND  AVENUE,  485  N.  Ash- 
land ave. ;  CENTENNIAL  MISSION,  Wellington  and  Sheffield  aves.,  Lake  View ; 
CENTER  STREET,  X.  W.  Cor.  Dayton  and  Center  sts. ;  EBENEZER,  S.  W.  Cor. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH,  PULLMAN,  CHICAGO. 

[See  "  Pullman."] 


228  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Thirty-first  and  Ullman  sts. ;  IMMANUEL,  832  and  834  W.  Twenty-second  st. ; 
MAXWELL  STREET,  308  Max  well  st. ;  PORTLAND  AVENUE,  S.  E.  Cor.  Twenty- 
eighth  st.,  and  Portland  ave. ;  WENTWORTH  AVENUE,  Wentworth  ave.,  south 
of  Thirty-seventh  st, 

Methodist  Episcopal  (Norwegian)  Churches.—  IMMANUEL,  West  Huron  and 
Bickerdike  sts ;  FIRST,  S.  E.  Cor.  Sangamon  and  West  Indiana  sts. 

Methodist  Episcopal  (Swedish)  Churches.— FIRST,  North  Market  and  Oak 
sts. ;  FOREST  GLENN,  Jefferson ;  HUMBOLDT  PARK,  Fairfield  ave.,  near  North 
ave,;  LAKE  VIEW,  Baxter  st.  and  Noble  ave.;  MAY  STREET,  North  May  st., 
between  West  Ohio  and  Erie  sts. 

Presbyterian  Churches.— CAMPBELL  PARK,  Leavitt  st.  and  Campbell  Park ; 
CHURCH  OF  THE  COVENANT,  S.  E.  Cor.  Belden  ave.  and  North  Halsted  st. ; 
EIGHTH  CHURCH,  N.  W.  Cor.  Robey  and  Washington  blvd. ;  FIFTH  CHURCH, 
Thirtieth  st.  and  Indiana  ave. ;  FIRST  CHURCH,  Indiana  ave.  and  Twenty- 
first  st.;  FIRST  (German)  CHURCH,  Willow,  Cor.  Orchard;  FIRST  (Scotch 
Church),  South  Sangamon  and  West  Adams  sts.;  FIRST  (United  Church), 
S.  W.  Paulina  and  West  Monroe  sts. ;  FORTY-FIRST  STREET,  Prairie  ave.  and 
Forty-first  st. ;  FOURTH,  Rush  and  Superior  sts. ;  HYDE  PARK,  Hyde  Park ; 
JEFFERSON  PARK,  West  Adams  and  Throop  sts. ;  SECOND,  Michigan  ave.  and 
Twentieth  st. ;  SIXTH,  Vincennes  and  Oak  aves. ;  THIRD,  South  Ashland  and 
Ogden  aves.;  WESTMINSTER.  161  South  Peoria  st.,  Cor.  West  Jackson  st. ; 
WELSH,  N.  E.  Cor.  Sangamon  and  West  Monroe  sts. 

Roman  Catholic  Churches. — CATHEDRAL  OF  THE  HOLY  NAME,  Superior  and 
N.  State  sts. ;  ALL  SAINTS'  CHURCH,  S.  W.  Cor.  Twenty-fifth  pi.  and  Wallace 
st.;  CHURCH  OF  NOTRE  DAME,  DE  CHICAGO  (French),  Vernon  Park  pi.  and 
Sibley  st. ;  CHURCH  OF  OUR  LADY  OF  GOOD  COUNSEL  (Bohemian),  Western 
ave-  and  Cornelia  st. ;  CHURCH  OF  OUR  LADY  OF  MOUNT  CARMEL,  Wellington 
and  Beacher  st. ;  CHURCH  OF  THE  ASSUMPTION  (Italian),  Illinois  st.,  near  N. 
Market  st. ;  CHURCH  OF  THE  HOLY  ANGELS,  282  Oakwood  blvd. ;  CHURCH  OF 
THE  HOLY  FAMILY,  May  and  W.  Twelfth  sts. ;  CHURCH  OF  THE  IMMACULATE 
CONCEPTION,  N.  Franklin  st.,  north  of  Schiller  st. ;  CHURCH  OF  THE  NATIVITY, 
Thirty-seventh  and  Dashiel  sts.;  HOLY  TRINITY  (German),  S.  Lincoln  and 
Taylor  sts. ;  HOLY  TRINITY  (Polish),  Noble  and  Ingraham  sts. ;  IMMACULATE 
CONCEPTION  B.  V.  M.  (German),  2944,  2946  Bortfield  st.,  near  Archer  ave.; 
IMMACULATE  CONCEPTION  B.  V.  M.  (Polish),  N.  W.  Cor.  Eighty  -  eighth  st- 
and Commercial  ave.;  ST.  ALBERT'S  CHURCH  (Polish),  W.  Seventeenth 
and  Paulina  sts.;  ST.  AGNES'  S.  Washtenaw  ave.,  near  Thirty-eighth  st. ; 
ST.  ALOYSIUS'  (German),  Thompson  and  Davis  sts.;  ST.  ALPHONSUS' 
(German),  Lincoln  and  Southport  aves.;  ST.  ANN'S,  Fifty-fifth  st.  and 
Wentworth  ave.;  ST.  ANTHONY  OF  PADUA  (German),  S.  E.  Cor.  Twenty- 
fourth  place  and  Hanover  st. ;  ST.  AUGUSTIN'S  (Gei'man),  Fifty-first 
and  Laflin  sts.;  ST.  BERNARD'S  CHURCH  (French),  Brighton  Park;  ST. 
BONIFACE'S  (German),  Cornell  and  Noble  sts.;  ST.  BRENDON'S  CHURCH, 
Sixty-seventh,  corner  Bishop;  ST.  BRIDGET'S,  Archer  ave.  and  Church 
place;  ST.  CASIMIR'S  CHURCH  (Polish),  Twenty-second,  Cor.  Little;  ST. 
CECELIA'S,  Bristol  st.  near  Wentworth  ave. ;  ST.  COLUMBKILL'S,  N. 
Paulina  and  W.  Indiana  sts. ;  ST.  ELIZABETH'S  N.  E.  Cor.  State  and  Forty- 
first  sts.;  ST.  FRANCIS  OF  ASSISIUM  (German),  W.  Twelfth  st.  andNewbe*fy 
ave. ;  ST.  FRANCIS  DE  SALES,  Ewing  ave.  and  One  Hundred  and  Second  st. ; 
ST.  FRANCIS  XAVIER  (German),  Avondale;  ST.  JAMES,  Wabash  ave.  and  Thir- 
tieth st.;  ST.  JARLATH'S,  Hermitage  ave.  and  W.  Jackson  st. ;  ST.  JOHN'S 
Eighteenth  and  Clark  sts. ;  ST.  JOHN  THE  BAPTIST  (French),  Thirty-third  ct., 
near  S.  Wood  st. ;  ST.  MALACHY'S,  Walnut  st.  and  Western  ave.;  ST.  MARY'S, 
Wabash  ave.  and  Eldridge  ct. ;  ST.  MONICA'S  CHURCH,  2251  Indiana  ave. ;  ST. 
PATRICK'S,  S.  Desplaines  and  W.  Adams  sts. ;  ST.  PAUL'S  (German),  S.  Hoyne 
ave.  and  Ambrose  st. ;  ST.  STEPHEN'S,  N.  Sangamon  and  W.  Ohio  sts. ;  ST. 
TERESA'S  (German),  Center  and  Clyde  sts.;  ST.  THOMAS',  Fifty-fifth  st., 
Hyde  Park;  ST.  VINCENT  DE  PAUL'S,  Webster  ave.  and  Osgood  st. 

CITY  OR  MUNICIPAL  AFFAIRS. 

The  government  of  the  City  of  Chicago  is  vested  in  a  mayor  elected  for 
two  years,  salary  $7,000,  and  a  city  council,  composed  of  sixty-eight  alder- 


(iKNKKAI,    I.NKOKMATION.  229 

men,  or  two  from  each  of  the  thirty-four  wards,  who  receive  a  per  diem  for 
actual  services,  the  total  of  which  amounted  this  year  to  about  $15,000.  One 
alderman  is  elected  from  each  ward  on  alternate  years.  The  mayor  is  assis- 
ted in  the  performance  of  his  duty  by  heads  of  departments  and  bureaus,  as 
follows:  Comptroller,  $5,000;  treasurer,  including1  assistants,  125,000  and 
interest  on  city  deposits,  his  right  to  the  latter  being  now  in  dispute;  city 
clei-k,  $3,500;  commissioner  of  public  works,  $5,000;  city  engineer,  $3,500: 
counsel  of  corporation,  $6,000;  city  attorney,  $5,000;  prosecuting  attorney, 
$4,000;  general  superintendent  of  police,  $5,000;  chief  marhal  of  fire  depart- 
ment, $5,000;  superintendent  of  fire  alarm  telegraph,  $3,675;  commissioner  of 
health,  $4,000;  city  collector,  $4,000;  superintendent  of  special  assessment, 
$3,500;  supei'intendent  of  street  department,  $3,500;  mayor's  secretary,  $2,500; 
mayor's  assistant  secretary,  $1,500;  mayor's  messenger,  $2,000.  The  mayor 
appoints  the  members  of  the  board  of  education,  to  fill  vacancies  [see  "Edu- 
cation— Public"]  and  also  the  members  of  the  Public  Library  board.  [See 
"  Public  Library."]  He  is  ex-officio  chief  of  police  and  marshal  of  the  fire 
department  [see  "Police  Department"  and  "Fire  Depai'tment"]  and  has 
power  to  remove  or  appoint  heads  of  all  departments  and  bm*eaus  of  the  city's 
government,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  city  council.  The  following  list 
of  salaried  subordinates  in  the  various  departments  will  serve  to  show  the 
value  of  municipal  situations. 

CITY  CLERK'S  OFFICE— SALARIES.— The  salaries  of  subordinates  are  as 
follows:  Deputy  clerk,  $3,000;  chief  clerk,  $2,400;  minor  clerks  from  $1,000 
to  $1,300. 

CITY  COLLECTOR'S  OFFICE— SALARIES.— The  salaries  of  subordinates  are 
as  follows:  Chief  clerk,  $2,000;  cashier,  $1,800;  book-keeper,  $1,400;  clerk, 
$1,400;  five  clerks,  $1,500  each,  five  clerks,  $1,000  each,  messenger,  $800. 

CITY  HALL  EMPLOYES— SALARIES.— Janitor,  $1,400;  2  carpenters,  $3  per 
day;  4  finishers,  $720  each ;  10  elevator  attendants,  $720  each;  10  janitors, 
$720  each;  11  female  janitors,  $480  each;  chief  engineer,  $1,500;  3  assistant 
engineers,  $1,000  each;  6  firemen,  $720  each;  3  coal  passers,  $660  each;  3 
oilers,  $720  each. 

COMPTROLLER'S  OFFICE— SALARIES.— The  salaries  of  subordinates  ai~e  as 
follows:  Chief  clerk.  $3,000;  general  book-keeper,  $2,400:  assistant  book- 
keeper, $1,800;  cashier,  $1,800:  assistant  cashier,  $1,500;  warrant  clerk, 
$1,600;  minor  clerks,  $1,000  to  $1,200. 

ENGINEERING  DEPARTMENT— SALARIES.— The  salaries  of  subordinates  are 
as  follows:  Assistant  engineer,  .$2,500:  second  assistant  engineer,  $2,000; 
one  assistant  engineer,  $2,000;  two  assistant  engineers,  $1,800  each ;  rodmen, 
$900;  draughtsmen,  $1,200:  chief  clerk,  $1,GOO;  messenger,  $600. 

FEED  OFFICES.— City  sealer  of  weights  and  measures,  oil  inspector, 
inspector  of  steam  boilers,  building  inspector,  elevator  inspector,  and  some 
other  minor  officers  of  the  city  government  are  paid  in  fees,  or  a  percentage 
of  fees  collected  in  their  respective  offices.  Of  these  the  oil  inspectorship  is 
the  most  lucrative,  being  worth  about  $20,000  per  annum. 

FIRE  DEPARTMENT — SALARIES. — The  salaries  of  subordinates  are  as  fol- 
lows: First  assistant  fire  marshal  and  inspector,  $3,500;  second  assistant 
fire  marshal,  $3,000 ;  assistant  fire  marshal  and  secretary, $3,200 ;  fire  inspector, 
$2,500;  13  chiefs  of  battalions,  $2,500  each  ;  bookkeeper,  $1,800;  2  clerks,  $1,800 
each;  clerk  and  storekeeper,  $1,400;  superintendent  of  horses,  including 
medicines,  $2,200:  19  captains.  $1,360.80  each ;  42  captains,  $1,260  each ;  14  cap- 
tains, $1,200  <-ach;  19  lieutenants.  $1,155  each;  25  lieutenants,  $1,000  each; 
17  engineers,  $1,360.80  each;  30  engineers,  $1,260  each;  12  engineers,  $1,200 
each ;  13  assistant  engineers,  $1,134  each  ;  30  assistant  engineers,  $1,050  each ; 
12  assistant  engineers,  $1,000  each:  115  pipemon  and  truckmen,  $1,134  each; 


230  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

131  pipemen  and  truckmen,  $1,050  each ;  69  pipemen  and  truckmen,  $945  each ; 
40  pipemen  and  truckmen,  $840  each ;  37  drivers,  $1,134  each ;  81  drivers,  $1,050 
each ;  39  drivers,  $945  each ;  4  pilots,  $1,260  each ;  2  stokers,  $1,050  each ;  2  sto- 
kers, $945  each ;  9  watchmen,  $798.80  each ;  superintendent  city  telegraph, 
$3,675;  chief  operator,  $2,362.50;  3  assistant  operators,  $1,260  each;  chief  of 
construction,  $1,800;  battery  man,  $945;  five  repairers,  $1,102.50  each;  chief  of 
electric  repair  shop,$l,575 ;  3  linemen,  $945  each ;  machinist,  $1,050 ;  2  assistant 
machinists,  $756  each;  clerk  and  stenographer,  $1,260;  2  electric  light 
inspectors,  paid  in  fees  collected ;  1  manager,  $1,700;  3  operators,  $1,200  each ; 
3  repairers,  $1,000  each;  1  lineman,  $915;  1  instrument  man,  $900;  1  battery 
man,  $900.  Total  for  salaries  of  Fire  Department,  including  chief  marshal, 
$974,348.00. 

HEALTH  DEPARTMENT— SALARIES.— The  salaries  of  subordinates  are  as 
follows: — Assistant  commissioner,  $2,500;  department  clerk,  $1,500;  secretary, 
$1,500;  registrar  of  vital  statistics,  $1,200;  thirty-four  sanitary  police,  $1,000 
each;  eight  medical  inspectors,  $900 each;  chief  tenement  house  and  factory 
inspector,  $2,000;  nine  meat  and  stock  yards  inspectors,  $1,200  each  ;  assistant 
tenement  house  and  factory  inspector,  $1,500;  clerk  to  tenement  house 
and  factory  inspector,  $1,000;  thirty- four  tenement  house  and  factory 
inspectors,  $1,000  each;  five  female  factory  inspectors,  $1,000  each;  city 
physician,  $2,500;  assistant,  $1,500. 

LAW  DEPARTMENT — SALARIES. — The  salaries  of  subordinates  are: — 
Assistant  corporation  counsel,  $5,000;  assistant  corporation  counsel,  $3,000; 
assistant  city  attorney,  $4,000;  chief  clerk,  $2,000;  3  minor  clerks,  $1,500  each; 
2  minor  clerks,  $1,200  each ;  clerk  to  city  attorney,  $1,500. 

MAP  DEPARTMENT— SALARIES.— Superintendent,  $1,880;  8  draughtsmen, 
$1,200  each ;  2  draughtsmen,  $1,000  each ;  house  numbering  clerk.  $900. 

POLICE  COURT— SALARIES.— There  are  eight  police  court  districts  in  the 
city  of  Chicago,  in  which  ten  police  justices  administer  the  municipal  law. 
These  are  appointed  by  the  mayor.  The  salaries  are  as  follows: — Two 
police  justices,  1st  district,  $5,000 each;  two  police  justices,  3d  district,  $5,000 
each:  one  police  justice,  2d  district,  $5,000;  one  police  justice,  4th  district, 
$2,500;  one  police  justice,  5th  district,  $2,500;  one  police  justice,  Englewood 
district,  $1,800;  one  police  justice,  Lake  View  district,  $1,200.  The  clerks  of 
the  first  district  court  receive  $1,500  and  $1,200;  all  other  clerks  $1,200  each, 
except  the  assistant  of  the  1st  district,  whose  salary  is  $1,000,  and  those  of 
Englewood  and  Lake  View,  who  receive  $900  and  $600  respectively. 

POLICE  DEPARTMENT  SALARIES.— The  salaries  of  the  officers  and  subordi- 
nates in  the  police  department  are  as  follows:  General  superintendent, 
$5,000;  assistant  superintendent,  $3,000;  chief  inspector,  $2,800;  four  division 
inspectors,  $2.800  each;  one  secretary,  $2,250;  private  secretary,  $1,500;  clerks, 
secretary's  office,  $1,200  each;  drillmaster,  $2,000;  stenographer,  $1,200: 
assistant  stenographer,  $600;  custodian,  $1,323;  clerk,  detective's  office, 
$1,500;  assistant  clerks,  detective's  office,  $1,200;  night  clerk,  $900;  captains 
$2,250  each;  lieutenants,  $1,500  each;  sergeant,  detective's  office,  $1,600: 
assistant  clerk,  $1,200;  patrol  sergeants,  $1,200  each;  desk  sergeants,  $1,200; 
matrons,  $630;  photographers,  $1,200;  detective  sergeants,  $1,212.75;  police 
court  bailiffs,  $1,000;  pound  keepers,  $771.75:  patrolmen  at  mayor's  office, 
$1,000;  patrolmen  at  comptroller's  office,  $500;  lock-up  keepers,  $1.000  each;- 
inspectors  of  pawnshops,  $1,200;  inspectors  of  pawnshops,  $1,000;  inspec- 
tors of  vehicles,  $1,200;  assistant  inspectors  of  vehicles,  $1,000;  patrolmen 
on  duty  at  bridges,  street  crossings,  depots,  etc.,  $1,000:  patrolmen,  first- 
class,  for  duty  on  patrol  wagons,  $1,000;  patrolman,  first-class,  for  regular 
duty,  $1,000;  patrolmen,  second  class,  for  patrol  duty,  nine  months,  at  $60  per 
month;  engineers  for  police  stations,  $1,000;  assistant  engineers  for  police 
stations  (eight  months),  $551.25;  janitors  at  $530  each ;  veterinary  surgeon, 
$1,500;  assistant  veterinary,  $1,000;  hostlers,  $630;  watchmen,  $750;  drivers 
of  supply  wagons,  $720;  drivers  of  patrol  wagons,  $7MO;  chief  operator, 
police  telegraph  service,  $1,300;  assistant  operator,  81.000;  operators,  police 
telegraph  service,  $720 each;  drivers  for  ambulances,  $720. 


232  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

PUBLIC  WORKS  DEPARTMENT — SALARIES. — The  salaries  of  subordinates 
are  as  follows :  Secretary,  $2,400;  assistant  secretary,  $1,500:  book-keeper, 
$2,400:  assistant  bookkeeper,  $2,000;  clerk,  $1,200;  minor  clerks,  from  $600 
to  $1,000. 

SEWERAGE  DEPARTMENT— SALARIES.— Superintendent,  $3,500;  six  assist- 
ant engineers,  $1,800  each;  six  rodmen,  $900  each;  chief  clerk,  $1,200;  chief 
clerk  of  house  drains,  $1,800;  permit  clerk,  $900:  chief  inspector  house 
drains,  $1,200;  draughtsman,  $1,200;  draughtsman,  $1,000. 

SPECIAL  ASSESSMENT  DEPARTMENT— SALARIES.— The  salaries  of  subordi- 
nates are  as  follows :  Attorney,  $2,700;  assistant  attorney,  $1,800;  chief  clerk, 
$2,100;  clerk,  $1,800;  cierk,  $1,680;  two  clerks,  $1,500  each;  four  clerks,  $1,400 
each;  sixteen  clerks,  $1,200  each;  clerk,  $1,000;  three  clerks,  $900 each. 

STREET  DEPARTMENT— SALARIES.— The  salaries  of  subordinates  are  as 
follows:  Assistant  superintendent,  $2,000;  chief  clerk,  $1,500;  bill  clerk, 
$1,200;  permit  clerk,  $900;  assistant  permit  clerk,  $720;  general  clerk,  $900; 
messenger,  $720;  chief  sidewalk  inspector,  $1,500;  superintendent  of  house 
moving,  $1,800  (paid  from  fees). 

TELEPHONE  DEPARTMENT— SALARIES.— Chief  operator,  $1,300;  assistant 
chief  operator,  $900;  71  operators,  $720  each;  7  repairers,  $1,000  each;  2  bat- 
tery men,  $900  each;  2  hostlers,  $620  each;  driver,  $720;  operator  bridge  tele- 
phone office,  $720;  12  operators  bridge  telephone  system,  nine  months,  $472.50 
each. 

Annexation. — On  the  28th  of  June,  1889,  the  city  embraced  about  forty- 
four  square  miles  of  territory.  On  the  day  following,  by  vote  of  the  people, 
the  city  of  Lake  View  and  the  towns  of  Hyde  Park,  Lake,  Jefferson  and 
Cicero,  aggregating  128.24  square  miles  of  territory  and  about  220,000  people, 
were  annexed  to  and  became  a  part  of  Chicago,  thus  constituting  one  great 
metropolis,  extending  twenty-four  miles  from  north  to  south,  and  from  four 
and  one-half  to  ten  and  one-half  miles  from  east  to  west.  The  validity  of 
the  proceedings  resulting  in  the  annexation  was  confirmed  by  the  Supreme 
Court,  October  29,  1889.  By  this  extraordinary  consolidation,  six  independ- 
ent municipal  corporations— each  having  a  legislative  and  executive  depart- 
ment of  government,  each  controlled  and  operated  under  more  or  less 
different  systems  and  methods  of  conducting  public  affairs — were  merged 
into  one  municipality,  under  the  authority  and  control  of  one  city  govern- 
ment. During  the  year  1890  there  were  annexed  to  the  city  four  suburbs- 
South  Englewood,  area,  2.92  square  miles,  population  3,000;  Gano,  1.80  square 
miles,  population,  2,600;  Washington  Heights,  2.8  square  miles,  population 
3,315;  West  Roseland,  1.80  sqTiare  miles,  population,  792;  making  a  total 
annexation  for  the  year  of  9.32  square  miles,  with  a  population  of  9,900. 
Fernwood  was  also  added. 

Area  of  Chicago. — Chicago  has  grown  from  2.55  square  miles  in  1835  to 
181.70  square  miles  in  1893,  as  follows: 


SQUARE  MILES. 


February  11,  1835,  original  town 

March  4,  1837,  there  was  added 

February  16,  1847,  there  was  added 

February  12,  1853,  there  was  added 

February  13,  1863,  there  was  added 

February  27,  1864,  there  was  added 

May  16,  1887,  there  was  added 

November  and  December  5,  1887,  there  was  added .... 

July  29,  1889,  there  was  added 

April  16,  1890,  village  of  Gano  added '      2.00  making    174.18 

1890,  South  Englewood  added 2.98  making     177. 16 

1890,  Washington  Heights 2.80  making    179.96 

1890,  West  Roseland 1.80  making    181.70 


2.55 

8.15  making  10.70 

3.33  making  14.03 

3.90  making  17.93 

6.48  making  24.41 

11.35  making  35.79 

1.00  making  36.79 

7. 15  making  43.91 

128.24  making  172. 18 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  233 

Of  the  present  area  5.14  square  miles  are  water,  176.56  land.  The  city  is 
divided  into  34  wards,  each  covering-  a  territory  as  follows  :  First  ward,  1.75 
square  miles;  Second  ward,  1.5;  Third  ward,  1.5;  Foiirth  ward,  1.75;  Fifth 
ward,  1.5;  Sixth  ward,  2.75;  Seventh  ward,  0.75;  Eighth  ward,  0.75;  Ninth 
ward,  1.5;  Tenth  ward,  1.5;  Eleventh  ward,  1.25;  Twelfth  ward,  3.00;  Thir- 
teenth ward,  3.00;  Fourteenth  ward,  3.00;  Fifteenth  ward,  3.25;  Sixteenth 
ward,  0.75;  Seventeenth  ward,  0.75;  Eighteenth  ward,  0.75;  Nineteenth  ward, 
0.75;  Twentieth  ward,  1.00;  Twenty-first  ward,  1.00;  Twenty-second  ward, 
0.75;  Twenty-third  ward,  0.75;  Twenty-fourth  ward,  1.00;  Twenty-fifth  ward, 
5.00;  Twenty-sixth  ward,  5.75;  Twenty-seventh  ward,  29.5;  Twenty-eighth 
ward,  7.00:  Twenty-ninth  ward,  6.00;  Thirtieth  ward,  12.00;  Thirty-first  ward, 
18.00;  Thirty-second  ward,  3.75;  Thirty-third  ward,  28.5;  Thirty-fourth  ward, 
27.00. 

Births  and  Deaths.— [See  "Appendix."] 

Bridewell,  or  House  of  Correction, — This  is  the  city  prison  and  is  gen- 
erally known  as  the  Bridewell,  a  name  which  it  derived  from  the  Bridewell 
of  Dublin,  Ireland,  to  which  it  bears  a  similarity  in  many  respects.  The 
management  is  vested  in  a  superintendent,  appointed  by  the  mayor.  The 
expenditures  for.  salaries  and  maintenance  and  construction  are  about 
$125,000  per  annum;  the  receipts  from  police  court  fines,  brick  made  by 
inmates  inside  the  walls,  labor  of  prisoners,  laundry  work  for  police  depart- 
ment, etc.,  amounts  to  about  $60.000  per  annum.  The  number  of  prisoners 
committed  to  the  Bridewell  annually  is  about  9,000,  of  whom  about  seven- 
eighths  are  males.  The  average  number  of  prisoners  confined  is  about  760 
males  and  40  females.  The  cost  of  the  prison  to  the  city  of  Chicago,  as  it  stands 
to-day,  is  about  $1,500,000.  The  prisoners  are  employed  in  brick-making 
and  other  industries.  County  prisoners  are  also  sent  here,  for  whose  sup- 
port the  city  is  paid  about  30  cents  per  capita  daily.  The  Bridewell  is  situ- 
ated at  S.  California  ave.,  near  W.  Twenty-sixth  St.,  West  side,  and  may  be 
reached  by  Blue  Island  ave.  cars. 

Bridges  and  Viaducts. — As  the  Chicago  river  is  navigable  for  lake  ves- 
sels, and  it,  with  its  branches,  intersects  the  heart  of  the  city,  a  large  num- 
ber of  bridges  have  been  required.  No  less  than  forty-five  now  span  this 
small  stream.  Nearly  all  are  swinging  bridges,  and  many  of  them  are 
operated  by  steam.  Steel  construction  has  been  employed  in  the  bridges 
most  recently  erected.  Among  these,  the  Adams  st.  bridge  is  a  notable 
structure.  It  is  a  4-track  bridge,  259  feet  long  on  center  truss,  and  57  feet 
in  width.  This  bridge  is  2  feet  and  3  inches  lower  at  the  east  end  than  at 
the  west  end,  and,  at  the  same  time  is  reversible,  the  turn-table  track  being 
.set  on  a  grade  of  1  in  115.  Some  doubts  were  expressed  as  to  its  feasibility 
when  the  plan  was  proposed,  but  the  city  engineers  say  that  no  bridge  in 
the  city  works  better  than  this  one.  The  Rush  st.  draw  is  one  of  the  longest 
in  the  world.  The  Lake,  Wells  and  Jackson  sts.  bridges  are  handsome 
structures.  The  railroads  entering  the  city  do  so  in  but  few  instances 
above  OP  below  the  street  level.  Grade-crossings  are  the  rule.  Engineers 
have  long  sought  to  remedy  this  state  of  affairs,  which  will  probably  be 
accomplished  in  time;  but,  meanwhile,  some  relief  is  being  provided  at 
the  most  dangerous  crossings  by  the  erection  of  viaducts.  There  are 
thirty-five  of  these  structures  in  the  city,  the  longest  and  finest  of  which  is 
on  Twelfth  st.,  extending  from  Clark  st.  to  Wabash  ave.,  crossing  the 
tracks  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  Railroad  Company,  and  cost- 
ing $209,736. 

City  finances.— [See  "Appendix."] 

City  Hall— [See  "Buildings,"  also  "Guide."] 

City  Library.— [See  "Libraries."] 

City  Parks.— The  parks  under  control  of  the  city  government  are  as  fol- 
lows: Irving  Park,  Lake  Park,  Ellis  Park,  Douglas  Monument  Square. 
Akline  Square,  Bickerdike  Square,  Union  Square,  Green  Bay  Park  and  Oak 
Park,  Washington  Square,  Shedd's  Park,  Gross  Park,  Jefferson  (Town) 
Park,  The  park  system  proper  is  under  control  of  park  commissioners 


234  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

elected  by  the  judges  of  the  circuit  and  superior  courts.  It  costs  about 
$9,000  per  annum  to  care  for  the  city  parks.  [See  "  Park  System."] 

City  Schools.— [See  "  Education— Public."] 

Electric  Lights. — The  electric  lights  required  to  illuminate  the  city 
number,  7,350.  Not  all  of  these  are  in  place. 

Electric  Light  System.— The  city  electric  light  system  comprises: 
Power  stations,  4;  125  H.  P.  high  speed  engines,  13;  300  H.  P.  Corliss  engine, 
1;  100-H.  P.  tubular  boilers,  heaters,  pumps,  etc.,  6;  125-H.  P.  tubular  boilers, 
heaters,  pumps,  etc.,  15;  2,000-C.  P.  double  carbon  lamps,  1,225;  lamp  posts 
and  hoods,  993;  60-light  high  tension  dynamos,  7;  60-light  low  tension  dyna- 
mos, 4;  50-light  high  tension  dynamos,  1;  35-light  high  tension  dynamos,  11 ; 
35-light  low  tension  dynamos,  6;  30-light  low  tension  dynamos,  10;  miles  of 
electric  light  cable,  169;  number  of  feet  of  underground  conduit,  12,109; 
mimber  of  feet  of  iron  pipe  laid  underground,  535,035;  number  of  man-holes, 
291 ;  number  of  hand-holes,  125. 

Eleemosynary  Support. — The  city  of  Chicago  supports  entire  or  aids  in 
the  maintenance  of  several  eleemosynary  institutions,  charities  and  pension 
funds,  as  follows :  ERRING  WOMAN'S  REFUGE  FOR  REFORM.— Receives  a  per- 
centage of  certain  fines  imposed  in  police  courts,  according  to  act  of  the  gen- 
eral assembly,  approved  March  31,  1869.  FIREMEN'S  PENSION  FUND. — This 
fund  receives  1  per  centum  of  all  revenues  collected  or  received  from 
licenses  issued  dtiring  each  year,  according  to  an  act  of  the  general  assem- 
bly, approved  May  13,  1887,  in  force  July  1,  1887.  HOUSE  OF  THE  GOOD  SHEP- 
HERD.— This  institution  also  receives  a  percentum  of  certain  fines  imposed  by 
the  police  courts,  according  to  act  of  the  general  assembly,  approved  March 
31,  1869.  ILLINOIS  HUMANE  SOCIETY.— This  society  is  entitled  to  fines  collected 
through  the  agency  of  the  organization, for  the  prevention  of  cruelty  to  ani- 
mals, according  to  an  act  of  the  general  assembly,  approved  June  28,  1885,  in 
force  July  1,  1885.  POLICE  PENSION  FUND.— This  fund  receives  2  per  centum  of 
all  moneys  received  from  licenses  for  saloons  or  dramshops,  %  of  dog  tax,  % 
of  all  moneys  received  for  licenses  granted  pawnshops,  %  of  all  moneys 
received  for  licenses  granted  second-hand  dealers,  14  of  all  moneys  received 
from  moneys  for  licenses  granted  junk  dealers;  all  moneys  collected  for 
fees  for  carrying  concealed  weapons;  y2  of  all  costs  collected  for  violation 
of  city  ordinances,  according  to  an  act  of  the  generally  assembly,  approved 
April  29,  1887,  in  force  July  1,  1887.  WASHINGTONIAN  HOME.— This  institution 
receives  a  percentum  of  moneys  collected  for  saloon  licenses,  not  to  exceed 
$20,000  per  annum,  according  to  act  of  the  general  assembly,  approved  Feb- 
ruary 16,  1867,  amended  by  an  act  in  force  July  1,  1883. 

Fire  Department.— [See  "Fire  Department."] 

Geographical  Center  of  Chicago.— The  geographical  center  of  the  present 
city  of  Chicago  is  located  at  the  intersection  of  Ashland  ave.  and  Thirty- 
ninth  St. 

Health  of  the  City.— [See  "Appendix."] 

Lakes  and  Rivers.— There  are  three  lakes  -within  the  present  city  limits 
containing  an  area  of  4,095.6  acres,  as  follows:  Calumet  Lake  3,122  acres, 
Hyde  Lake  330.8  acres,  the  portion  of  Wolf  Lake  lying  within  the  city  limits 
612.8  acres.  Of  these  Calumet  and  Wolf  are  navigable.  There  are  two 
rivers  within  the  corporate  limits:  the  Chicago  river,  with  north  and  south 
branches,  which  divide  the  city  into  districts  known,  respectively,  as  the 
North,  South  and  West  " Divisions "  or  "Sides  "—and  the  Calumet  river, 
with  Big  and  Little  Calumet  rivers,  which  penetrate  the  extreme  southern 
part  of  the  city. 

Lake  and  Rivep  Frontage. — The  city  has  a  frontage  on  Lake  Michigan  of 
twenty-two  miles  and  a  river  frontage  of  about  lifty-eight  miles,  twenty* 
$wo  and  one-half  miles  of  which  are  navigable. 

Length  and  Width  of  Chicago.— The  distaii*'''  i/otwren  N.  Severity-first 
street,  being  the  northern  city  limits,  and  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-ninth 
street,  being  the  southern  city  limits,  is  twenty-four  miles.  The  city  at  its 
broadest  point  is  10.5  miles  in  width.  State  st.  has  the  greatest  extension 


236  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

north  and  south,  running  from  North  ave.  to  the  southern  city  limits, 
eighteen  miles;  Eighty-seventh  the  greatest  western  extension,  running  the 
entire  width  of  the  city. 

Lighting  the  City. — The  cost  of  maintaining  and  lighting  gas  and  elec- 
tric lamps  throughout  the  city  is  now  about  $1,000,000  per  annum. 

Longest  Street.— The  longest  street  in  the  city  is  State.  [See  "  Length 
and  Width  of  Chicago."] 

Marriage  Licenses.— [See  "Appendix."] 

Morgue. — Situated  in  the  rear  of  the  County  Hospital,  near  the  Polk  st. 
side.  Take  Harrison  st.  or  Ogden  ave.  car.  Ten  bodies,  on  an  average,  are 
picked  up  in  the  streets  of  Chicago  every  day.  Besides  these,  morgue 
accommodations  are  necessary  for  many  of  those  who  die  in  the  County  and 
other  hospitals,  police  stations,  etc.  The  inside  measures  40x46*4  feet,  and 
the  entire  affair,  with  offices,  etc.,  cost  about  $18,000.  All  bodies  are  disin- 
fected and  frozen  by  the  carbolic  acid  process  before  being  placed  on  view. 

Police  Department. — [See  "Police  Department."] 

Poverty  in  Chicago. — Notwithstanding' the  great  prosperity  of  the  people 
as  a  whole,  poverty  is  to  be  found  in  Chicago  as  well  as  elsewhere.  Muni- 
cipal charity  in  Chicago  has  risen  to  the  dignity  of  an  applied  science. 
Through  the  refuse  of  alleys,  up  the  trembling  stairs  of  tenements,  and  into 
the  hovels  of  want  and  misery  a  force  of  men  and  women  daily  goes,  carry- 
ing food  for  the  hungry,  warm  clothing  for  the  naked,  coals  for  the  needy, 
and  medicine  for  the  sick.  From  November  until  April,  Cook  County  gives 
away  200  sacks  of  flour,  forty  pairs  of  shoes,  and  fifty  tons  of  coal  every  day. 
Relief  of  the  deserving  poor  involves  not  alone  the  discovery  and  proper  aid 
of  the  unfortunates,  but  is  attended  with  a  constant  warfare  against  the 
idle  and  vicious.  Agents  of  the  Visitation  and  Aid  society,  the  Relief  and 
Aid  society,  the  German  Aid  society,  the  Hebrew  Aid  society,  and  St.  Vincent 
de  Paul's  daily  seek  the  needy,  but  their  work  is  only  of  a  semi  public 
nature.  From  the  office  of  the  county  agent,  at  36  W.  Madison  st.,  there  are 
sent  twenty-seven  men  and  three  women,  who  investigate  the  condition  of 
those  reported  to  be  in  want  and  who,  by  reason  of  their  familiarity  with 
neighborhoods  and  individuals,  are  able  to  insure  a  wise  bestowal  of  public 
charity. 

Topography  of  Chicago.— The  city  of  Chicago  is  level  but  not  flat.  There 
are  considerable  rises  here  and  there,  the  most  noticeable  being  the  ridge 
which  traverses  the  southern  portion,  west  of  Hyde  Park,  to  the  Indiana 
line.  All  difficulties  in  the  way  of  sewering  have  been  overcome  long  since 
by  skillful  engineering.  The  Chicago  river  which  originally  emptied  into, 
now  flows  out  of  the  lake.  The  sewerage  is  carried  by  the  river,  in  great 
part,  to  a  canal  which  conducts  it  through  the  interior.  It  finally  finds  its 
way  into  the  Illinois  and  Mississippi  rivers.  The  drainage  of  the  city  is  an 
interesting  subject,  and  tlie  plans  for  future  work  in  this  connection  are  of 
great  magnitude  and  involve  the  expenditure  of  many  millions. 

Uniting  City  and  County. — The  question  of  uniting  the  city  of  Chicago 
and  the  county  of  Cook  under  one  government,  is  being  seriously  considered 
at  present. 

Water  Tunnels.— [See  "  Water  Works."] 

Water  Works.  —  [See  "Water  Works,"  and  for  statistics  see  "Appen- 
dix."] 

CITY  RAILWAY  SERVICE— CABLE  AND  HORSE  LINES. 

The  city  railway,  or  intramural  service  of  Chicago,  embraces  horse-car, 
cable,  electric  and  elevated  railroads.  The  great  existing  street-car  com- 
panies operating  horse  and  cable  lines  are  the  Chicago  City  Railway  Com- 
pany, which  operates  the  lines  of  the  South  side ;  the  West  Chicago  City 
Railway  Company,  which  operates  the  lines  of  the  West  Side,  being  practi- 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  237 

cally  the  owner  of  the  Chicago  Passenger  Railway  Company,  which  also 
operates  lines  in  that  division  of  the  city ;  and  the  North  Chicago  Street 
Railroad  Company,  which  operates  the  lines  of  the  North  side.  The  South 
Chicago  City  Railway  Company  is  an  independent  line.  The  West  Chicago, 
North  Chicago  and  Chicago  Passenger  Railway  Company  are  under  one 
management,  Mr.  Charles  T.  Yerkes  being  president. 

CHARACTER  OP  THE  SERVICE.— In  view  of  all  the  surrounding  circum- 
stances, many  of  which  have  contributed  toward  making  street  car  trans- 
portation in  Chicago  difficult,  the  service  rendered  the  public  by  the 
different  street  railway  companies  is  unsurpassed  in  any  city  in  the  world. 
Yet  in  no  city  in  the  country,  probably,  have  street  car  companies  been 
subjected  to  more  severe  and  unfair  criticism.  The  basis  of  this  criticism 
has  usually  been  a  comparison  with  the  lines  operated  in  other  and  smaller 
places,  and  in  population  centers  where  the  conditions  are  entirely  unlike 
those  which  have  to  be  contended  with  in  Chicago.  The  West  and  North 
side  companies  have  borne  the  brunt  of  the  ill-natured  and  unreasonable 
abuse,  which  certain  papers  send  broadcast  without  as  much  as  deigning 
intelligent  inquiry  as  to  the  causes  of  such  public  annoyance  as  has 
occurred.  Especially  is  this  the  case  in  the  matter  of  stoppages  and  acci- 
dents of  various  kinds,  all  of  which  have  been  susceptible  of  satisfactory 
explanation,  and  that  without  the  slightest  reflection  on  the  several 
managements,  or  the  city.  The  climatic  difficulties,  for  instance,  have  not 
been  the  slightest  of  the  causes,  nor  yet  the  easiest  to  overcome  in  perfect- 
ing the  several  cable  systems.  We  have  here  the  greatest  extremes  of  heat 
and  cold,  the  variations  at  times  having  been  as  radical  as  60°  in  twenty- 
four  hours.  Common  intelligence  understands  at  a  glance  that  such  a  con- 
dition means  the  great  contraction  and  expansion  of  metals,  and  opens  up 
a  long  line  of  impediments  in  the  successful  operating  of  machinery  exposed 
to  the  elements,  to  say  nothing  of  the  effect  on  the  slot  rails  of  cable  roads. 
These  great  extremes  are  not  experienced  in  cities  like  San  Francisco,  St. 
Louis,  Cincinnati,  or  New  York,  yet  the  critics  seem  to  have  forgotten  this. 
In  many  of  the  cities,  too,  it  is  unusual  for  a  "  grip  "  car  to  haul  more  than 
one  trailer.  But  in  Chicago  the  South,  North  and  West  side  lines  always 
draw  two,  and  often  three  trailers,  and  consequently  much  heavier  loads 
than  are  carried  in  other  places.  Then,  again,  nowhere  else  do  the  "  grips  " 
run  so  close  together  as  here,  especially  in  the  early  morning  and  evening 
hours  when  they  are  often  not  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  minute  apart. 
This,  however,  is  only  a  mere  taste  of  the  exactions  on  the  West  and  North 
side  systems  by  comparison,  for  while  on  most  cable  roads  the  tracks  are 
straight  and  run  on  a  level,  here  they  bend  around  blocks  in  the  formation 
of  return  "loops,  "and  while  on  the  "loops"  climb  steep  tunnel  grades, 
and  this  when  they  are  loaded  the  heaviest. 

INCREASING  TRAFFIC.— The  traffic  on  the  street  car  lines  and  suburban 
railways  is  increasing  at  an  enormous  rate  annually.  The  street  cars  in  all 
divisions  of  the  city  are  over-crowded  almost  constantly.  The  North,  West 
and  South  side  cars  are  all  carrying  more  people  than  they  were  built  to 
carry,  but  still  the  number  of  passengers  is  increasing  every  day.  The  sub- 
nrban  trains  are  all  crowded.  On  the  Illinois  Central  the  same  state  of 
affairs  exists.  That  road  has  108  regular  trains  every  day  to  accommodate 
its  suburban  traffic,  and,  although  from  five  to  twelve  cars  on  each  train, 
which  run  half  an  hour  apart,  except  in  the  early  morning  and  evening 
hours,  when  there  is  an  interval  of  five  minutes  between  trains,  the  seats 
are  always  filled,  and  often  people  are  standing  as  near  together  as  possible, 
in  every  car.  When  a  train  is  a  few  minutes  late  the  crowding  is  worse. 
The  North-Western  and  St.  Paul  trains  are  also  crowded,  while  the  newer 
roads,  which  are  just  developing  a  suburban  region,  can  scarcely  keep  up 
with  the  tax  upon  their  rolling  stock 

STEAM  RAILROAD  SERVICE.— It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  in  addition  to 
the  street  and  elevated  railways  of  this  city  it  has  a  steam  railroad  service,  in 
connection  with  the  suburban  lines  of  several  of  the  great  railroad  companies 


238  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

which  adds  immensely  to  the  transportation  facilities  of  the  public  between 
points  within  the  corporate  limits.  Jt  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the  Illinois 
Central  railroad  suburban  trains  carry  more  passengers  than  any  other 
suburban  line  in  the  world.  The  suburban  trains  of  the  company  carried 
15,000,000  passengers  in  1892.  Of  this  number  fully  four-fifths  were  passen- 
gers carried  between  points  within  the  city  limits.  The  Chicago  &  North- 
Western;  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific;  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy ;  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul ;  the  Northern  Pacific ;  the  Grand 
Trunk;  the  Eastern  Illinois,  and  other  railroad  companies  do  a  heavy  sub- 
urban business.  Without  the  supplementary  aid  of  these  lines  it  would  be 
impossible  for  the  existing  lines  of  street  railways  to  meet  the  demands  of 
the  public  for  transit. 

Chicago  City  fiailway  Company.— This  is  the  company  which  controls  the 
cable  and  horse  car,  and  several  electric  lines  of  the  South  side. 

BUSINESS  OF  THE  COMPANY.— The  company  carried  during  1892  88,018,861 
passengers,  an  increase  compared  with  the  previous  year  of  10,554,896,  pro- 
ducing a  total  revenue  of  $4,400,943.  Of  this  total  66.46  per  cent  came  from 
the  cable  car  lines  and  33.54  per  cent  was  from  the  horse  car  lines.  The  cost 
of  operation  was  $2,809,431,  leaving  net  earnings  of  $1,591,511.  The  average 
receipts  per  day  were  $12,024,  an  increase  over  1891  of  $1,412.  During  the 
year  a  new  cable  plant  at  Twenty-first  and  State  sts.  and  a  new  power-house 
at  Thirty-ninth  and  State  sts.  were  completed,  and  a  large  amount  of  under- 
ground work  done,  At  the  beginning  of  the  year  the  company  had  1,472 
cars,  and  at  the  close  1,739  cars.  Total  number  of  horses  on  hand  at  the 
close  of  1892  was  2,611,  an  increase  of  62.  New  lines  were  constructed  aggre- 
gating 9.3  miles,  as  follows:  Loop  on  Michigan  ave.,  5-10th  miles;  Forty- 
seventh  and  State  sts.  to  Cottage  Grove  ave.,  2  miles ;  Sixty-first  st.  to  South 
Park  court,  1.75  miles;  Thirty-fifth  to  Ullman  St.,  4  miles;  Two  loops  at  Six- 
ty-first, Sixty-third  and  Sixty-fourth  sts,  .75  miles;  State  to  Michigan  ave., 
at  Thirty -first  st.,  .30  miles.  During  the  year  37,056  yards  of  granite  paving 
were  laid,  27,053  yards  of  wood  block  and  14,283  yards  were  repaved  with 
granite%  blocks.  A  total  of  12.50  miles  of  electric  road  was  bonded  and 
wired,  and  16.25  miles  were  supplied  with  poles  and  cross- wires  overhead 
for  trolley. 

ELECTRIC  LINES. — This  company  has  now  in  operation  electric  lines  on 
Forty-seventh,  Thirty-fifth,  Sixty-first  and  Sixty-third  sts.,  which  are  what 
may  be  called  cross-town  connections.  These  were  constructed  with  spcial 
reference  to  the  accommodation  of  exposition  visitors.  Probably  seventy- 
five  miles  of  additional  electric  road  will  be  in  operation  by  the  close  of 
1893. 

North  Chicago  Street  Railroad  Company.— The  capital  stock  of  the  North 
Chicago  Street  Railroad  Company  was  increased  from  $5,000,000  to  $10,000,000 
in  January,  1893.  The  company  was  incorporated  in  1886  under  Illinois  laws, 
and  controls  the  entire  street  surface  system  in  the  North  Division  of  Chi- 
cago. The  company  acquired  title  by  the  purchase  of  2,501  shares  of  the 
capital  stock  of  the  North  Chicago  City  Railway  Company,  paying  therefor 
§600  per  share.  The  total  of  shares  was  5,000.  The  companies  then  entered 
into  a  mutual  operating  agreement  whereby  the  new  company  agreed  to 
pay  to  the  old  company  $30  per  share  rental  annually  on  the  entire  stock. 
The  lessor  company  also  agreed  to  pa,y  the  principal  and  interest  of  the 
bonded  indebtedness  of  the  old  company  and  assume  all  other  liabilities. 
Out  of  the  $30  per  share  to  be  paid  annually,  for  rental,  $75,000,  or  the  rental 
on  the  2,501  shares,  reverts  to  the  credit  of  the  lessor  company,  the  owner  of 
the  shares. 

BUSINESS  OF  THE  COMPANY. — From  the  annual  reports  of  the  officers  of 
the  company,  submitted  in  January,  1893,  the  following  facts  of  general 
interest  are  taken :  During  the  year  1892  54,419,457  passengers  carried  against 
44,343,905  in  1891 ;  the  number  of  car  miles  run  was  8,517,791  against  7,576,766 
in  1891.  The  track  on  Clark  st.  was  relaid  and  115  new  cars  put  into  the 
service;  75  more  were  ordered  for  delivery  in  1893;  the  company  paid  out  to 
the  Employe's  Benefit  Association,  without  expense  to  the  employes,  $7,487. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

THE    ORCUTT    COMPANY,    LITHOGRAPHERS. 

[See  "  Western  Industry."] 


240  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

The  net  profits  for  the  year  were  $752,546,  or  at  the  rate  of  15  per  cent  on  the 
capital  stock.  The  operating  expenses  were  52.90  per  cent  of  gross  earn- 
ings. The  total  receipts  from  passengers  were  $2,521,511.  The  average 
receipts  per  mile  were  29.499  cents.  The  average  number  of  passengers  per 
mile  was  5,899.  The  average  expenses  per  mile  of  cable  road  were  13.065 
cents;  for  the  horse  lines  19.26  cents.  The  stock  list  showed  that  C.  T. 
Yerkes  held  7,495  shares.  S.  Elkins  1,016  shares,  Walker  &  Wren  1,050 
shares,  P.  B.  Widener  1,000. 

TERRITORY  COVERED.— The  North  Chicago  Street  Railway  company  covers 
the  entire  North  side  of  the  city.  Cable  and  horse  propulsion  is  used.  The  cars 
enter  the  La  Sallest.  tunnel  at  Randolph  St.,  after  passing  around  a  "  loop  " 
in  the  heart  of  the  city.  Take  this  line  for  Lincoln  Park  and  all  portions  of 
the  city  on  the  North  shore,  and  the  extreme  northwest. 

West  Chicago  Street  Railroad  Company.— This  company  operates  under 
the  leased  lines  of  the  Chicago  West  Division  Railroad  company  and  the  Chi- 
cago Passenger  Railway  company.  The  capital  stock  of  the  West  Chicago 
Street  Railroad  company  is  $20,000,000,  it  having  been  increased  to  this  figure 
from  $10,000,000  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  stockholders  held  in  January, 
1893. 

DESCRIPTION  or  CABLE  SYSTEM.— The  West  side  system  is  the  newest  and 
most  elaborate  in  the  city  and  second  to  none  in  the  extent  of  its  resour- 
ces, or  the  perfection  of  its  general  equipment,  and  for  this  reason  whatever 
is  said  in  a  descriptive  way  must  naturally  be  confined  to  it.  This  as  well 
as  the  North  side  road,  it  will  be  borne  in  mind,  reaches  the  South  side,  or 
business  center,  by  way  of  tunnels  under  the  Chicago  river.  These  tunnels 
were  built  by  the  city,  and  prior  to  the  companies  in  question  using  them 
were  mere  holes  in  the  ground,  and  represented  the  waste  of  so  much  public 
money.  President  Yerkes,  however,  saw  how  they  could  be  utilized  to  abate 
the  bridge  nuisance,  and  otherwise  serve  the  people,  and  was  quick  to  move 
in  the  matter  of  obtaining  their  use.  In  consideration  of  the  city  allowing 
him  to  use  the  La  Salle  st.  tunnel  he  built  and  donated  to  the  public  two 
double  steel  steam  bridges  across  the  river,  one  at  Wells  st.  and  the  other  at 
Clark  st..  at  a  cost  of  over  $300,000.  The  Washington  st.  tunnel  was  in  a  far 
worse  condition  when  taken  hold  of — in  fact,  it  had  been  abandoned— and 
before  it  could  be  used  had  to  be  rebuilt  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $200,000.  Both 
tunnels  are  now  totally  unlike  what  they  were  a  few  years  ago,  and  the 
public  not  only  recognizes  the  wisdom  of  their  present  use,  but  finds  in  them 
the  abolition  of  the  former  waits  at  the  swing  bridges,  which  is  worth  addi- 
tional hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  to  the  city  every  year.  For  the  use 
of  the  Washington  st.  tunnel  the  Chicago  Passenper  Railway  company  built 
a  new  viaduct  at  Adams  st.,  a  new  double  steam  bridge  at  the  same  point 
and  moved  the  Madison  st.  bridge  to  Washington  st.,  placing  it  upon  a  new 
pier  and  abutments.  The  West  Chicago  Street  Railway  Company  for  the 
franchise  on  Taylor  st.  moved  the  Adams  st.  bridge  to  Taylor  st.,  and  placed 
it  upon  a  new  pier  and  abutments.  Thus  within  a  year  two  important 
streets  were  opened  to  through  traffic. 

THREE  CABLE  LINES.— The  West  side  cable  line  system  consists  of  three 
distinct  lines;  the  Madison  st.  line,  which  runs  directly  west  to  Fortieth  st., 
there  connecting  with  the  Cicero  and  Proviso  electric  lines  [see  "Electric 
Lines"] ;  the  Milwaukee  ave.  line,  which,  with  its  branches,  covers  the 
northwestern  portion  of  the  city,  and  the  Blue  Island  ave.  line,  which,  with 
its  connections,  covers  the  entire  southwestern  portion  of  the  city.  The 
Madison  st.  and  Milwaukee  ave.  lines  enter  the  Washington  st.  tunnel  on 
the  east  at  Franklin  st. ;  the  Blue  Island  ave.  line  enters  the  Van  Buren  st. 
tunnel  at  Franklin,  near  Van  Buren  st.  The  approaches  of  the  latter  tunnel, 
east  and  west,  are  constructed  under  private  property. 

BUSINESS  OF  THE  COMPANY.— In  his  annual  report,  submitted  January, 
1893,  the  treasurer  gave  the  following  facts  of  general  interest :  Gross  earn- 
ings, $4,620,225;  operating  expenses,  $2,687,914;.  net  earings,  $1,932.914;  cost 
of  conducting  transportation,  $1,249,442;  maintenance  way,  $167,332;  maintain 
ing  cars,  $149,678;  general  expenses,  $279,078;  total  expenses,  $2,687,310.  After 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  241 

deducting  the  fixed  charges,  $895,075  from  the  net  earnings  the  balance  left, 
applicable  to  dividends  was  $1,037,839.  The  number  of  trips  made  during  the 
year  was  1,817,400;  miles  run,  15,582,141;  passengers  carried,  94,518,474. 
Receipts  from  horse  lines  were  $2,649,730;  from  cable  lines,  $1,970,495;  total 
expenses  of  horse  lines,  $1,784,337;  of  cable  lines,  $902,972.  The  average 
receipts  per  mile  of  horse  cars  were,  29. 19  cents,  of  cable  cars,  30.29  cents. 
The  number  of  passengers  carried  by  horse  lines  were,  54,771,929;  by  cable 
lines,  39,746,545.  Maintenance  of  cars  cost  $100.94  per  car.  The  average 
number  of  horses  on  hand  was  4,004.  Of  these  an  average  of  184  were  used 
on  wagons,  carts,  etc.,  leaving  the  average  number  used  on  the  cars  3,820. 
The  average  traveled  a  day  by  each  horse  was  13.02  miles.  The  cost  of  feed 
per  horse  per  day  was  18.58  cents,  shoeing  per  day  0.24  cents,  and  other  cost 
of  keeping  horses  19.40  cents  per  day,  making  the  total  cost  for  caring  tor 
horses  38.22  cents  a  day.  The  cable  rope  ran  533,205  miles.  The  cost  of  rope 
was  $126,011.  The  cost  per  mile  run  by  the  rope  was  23.63  cents.  Operations 
of  power  stations  cost  $94,716,  an  average  per  mile  of  rope  run  of  17.76  cents. 
Maintenance  of  track  per  mile  of  horse  car-line  was  $705.58,  and  per  mile  of 
cable  line  $476.34. 

Power  Houses.— There  are  a  number  of  power  houses  in  the  three  div- 
isions of  the  city,  and  the  magnificent  machinery  used  in  propelling  the 
cable  is  worth  seeing.  Those  most  convenient  are:  N.  Clark  st.  power 
house,  just  north  of  Washington  place.  [Take  N.  Clark  st.  car.]  .North  side  loop 
power  house,  north  entrance  to  La  Salle  st.  tunnel.  [Take  any  cable  car  going 
north.]  The  State  st.  power  house,  Cor.  of  Twenty-first  st.  [Take  State  st. 
car.]  "The  Cottage  Grove  power  house,  Cor.  Fifty-fifth  st.  [Take  Cottage 
Grove  ave.,  car.]  The  West  side  loop  power  house,  Cor.  W.  Washington  and 
Jefferson  sts.  [Take  any  cable  ear  going  west.]  The  Rockwell  st.  power 
house,  Cor.  Rockwell  st.  and  W.  Madison  sts.  [Take  W.  Madison  st.  car.] 

CITY  RAILWAY  SERVICE— ELECTRIC  LINES. 

Calumet  JSlectric  System. — The  Calumet  electric  system  embraces  the  fol- 
lowing streets,  viz. : 

Cottage  Grove,  South  Chicago,  Michigan,  Kensington,  Wentworth, Wash- 
ington, Harbor,  Mackinaw,  Stony  Island,  South  Park  and  Madison  aves.  and 
Sixty-seventh,  Eighty-seventh,  Ninety-first,  Ninety-third,  Ninety-fifth,  One 
Hundred  and  Fifteenth,  One  Hundred  and  Sixteenth,  One  Hundred  and 
Nineteenth,  and  Howard  sts. ;  about  twenty-six  miles  of  streets  and  ave- 
nues. Its  system  begins  at  the  terminus  of  the  City  Railway  company's 
cable  tracks,  at  Seventy-first  and  Cottage  Grove  ave.,  and  Seventh-fifth  st. 
and  South  Chicago  ave.  (Grand  Crossing.)  Its  Pullman-Kensington  line 
commences  at  Seventy-second  st.,  thence  south  on  Cottage  Grove  ave.  to 
Ninety-fifth  st;  west  on  Ninety-fifth  st.  to  Michigan  ave.;  south  on  Michi- 
gan ave.  to  One  Hundred  and  Nineteenth  st.,  with  "loops"  to  Howard  st. 
and  Wentworth  ave.  Its  South  Chicago  line  commences  at  Seventy-fifth  st. 
(Grand  Crossing),  thence  on  South  Chicago  ave.  to  Ninety-fifth  st.  This  line 
will  be  provided  with  a  loop  in  South  Chicago  and  will  reach  the  Sixty- 
seventh  and  Sixty-third  st.  entrances  to  World's  Fair  by  way  of  South  Chicago 
ave.  and  Stony  Island  ave.  Its  South  Chicago-Pullman  line  is  on  Ninety- 
third  and  Ninety-fifth  sts.,  connecting  Cottage  Grove  ave.  and  Michigan 
ave.  lines.  Its  Jackson  Park-World's  Fair  line  runs  from  South  Chicago  ave. 
on  Madison  ave.,  Stony  Island  ave.  and  Sixty-seventh  st.,  to  entrance  at 
Jackson  Park  at  Stony  Island  ave.  and  Sixty-seventh  st.,  or  Stony  Island  ave. 
and  Sixty-third  st.  A  line  will  connect  Cottage  Grove  ave.  line  directly  with 
the  World's  Fair  via  Madison  ave.  and  Stony  Island  ave.  This  system  con- 
nects South  Chicago,  Pullman,  Kensington,  Grand  Crossing,  Roseland, 
Dauphin  Park,  Stony  Island,  Calumet  Heights,  West  Pullman  and  Burnside, 
(having  a  population  of  85,000)  with  the  Cottage  Grove  cable,  and  with  direct 
connections  with  elevated  road  and  with  Jackson  Park.  Direct  connection 
is  also  given  with  Washington  Park  Race  Track  and  Oakwood  Cemetery. 
The  manufacturers  of  the  Calumet  region  have  over  $1,000,000  capital  and 
employ  over  20,000  men,  all  tributary  to  this  system.  Two  power  stations  are 


DALE  &  SEMPILL 

Successors  to  WM.   tvl.   DALE, 

COR.  CLARK  AND  MADISON  STS.,  CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURING 


Chemists 
Pharmacists 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALERS  IN 

FINE    CHEMICALS,    PURE    DRUGS,    PERFUMERY, 
TOILET   REQUISITES,   ETC. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

O'Hara's  Asthma  Remedy, 

Jeffers'  Bronchial  Cigarettes, 

Jeffers*  French  Catarrh  Cure, 

Stevens'  All-Right  Corn  Salve, 
Christison's  Diarrhoea  Remedy, 

Dale's  Chlorodyne  Cough  Mixture, 
"  Edina  "  Cologne. 

Kirkwood's  No.  i  Cologne,  etc. 

WHOLESALE  AGENTS  FOR 

LLOYD  BROTHERS'  PHARMACEUTICAL  PREPARATIONS, 

BURGGRAEVE-CHANTEAUD  DOSIMETRIC  GRANULES, 

COUTTS'  ACETIC  ACID, 
CARITAS  CATARRH  CURE, 

CASTALIAN  AND  MASSANETTA  WATERS, 
FOREIGN   PROPRIETORY  MEDICINES. 


All   Noted    Mineral-Spring  Waters  on   Draught. 


244  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

used  on  the  Calumet  lines,  one  being  located  at  Stony  Island  ave.  and 
Ninety-fourth  St.,  and  one  at  Burnside.  The  Detroit  electric  system  of 
motors  is  used,  and  cars  manufactured  by  the  Pullman  company  and  the 
St.  Louis  Car  Co. 

Chicago  General  Street  Railway  Company.— Capital,  $3,000,000.  The  incor- 
porators  represent  the  Twenty-second  Street  Electric  Railway  Company. 
Failing  to  obtain  a  down-town  terminal  through  a  connection  with  the 
Chicago  City  Railway  Company,  the  Twenty-second  street  company  has 
outlined  a  plan  whereby  all  the  electric  lines  operating  in  the  outskirts  of 
the  city  may  obtain  entrance  to  the  business  district.  It  is  proposed  to 
construct  and  operate  an  elevated  loop  for  the  common  use  of  all.  To  this 
end  it  is  proposed  to  effect  a  combination  of  the  various  electric  roads, 
including  the  Calumet  Electric,  Jefferson  and  Urban,  South  Chicago,  and 
Cicero  and  Proviso  Companies.  The  elevated  terminal  will  be  practically  a 
belt  line,  if  constructed,  open  to  all  comers,  as  the  officials  of  the  Twenty- 
second  street  and  other  electric  lines  recognize  the  fact  that  several  elevated 
roads  desire  a  loop  in  the  business  district  and  know  that  all  can  not  be 
accommodated  with  separate  loops.  Within  a  very  short  time  the  question 
of  one  or  more  down-town  elevated  loops  is  going  to  become  a  burning 
question.  Each  of  the  elevated  roads  will  want  a  loop  of  its  own.  Failing 
in  this,  it  is  possible  a  belt  line  may  be  agreed  upon  by  all,  although  it  is 
difficult  to  see  how  the  various  interests  can  successfully  be  harmonized. 

Chicago,  Lake  View  and  Suburban  Railway. — A  projected  electric  line. 
Incorporated  for  the  purpose  of  riinning  electric  cars  between  the  termini 
of  the  North  Chicago  lines  and  the  suburbs  on  the  north  shore. 

Chicago  &  Evenston  Electric  Line,  known  as  the  Chicago  North  Shore 
street  Railway  Company.  Capital  $500,000 ;  J.  L.  Cochran,  president,  D.  H. 
Lauderbach,  vice-president  and  general  manager,  Alexander  Clark,  secre- 
tary. This  company  proposes  to  construct  an  electric  line  to  connect  with 
the  North  Chicago  street  railway  system,  and  run  cars  along  the  lake  shore 
through  Edgewater,  Rogers  Park,  South  Evanston  and  Evanston.  A  large 
porion  of  the  right  of  way  has  been  secured,  but  there  are  certain  links  to  be 
obtained  before  the  road  can  be  completed. 

Cicero  and  Proviso  Electric  Lines. — The  lines  operated  extend  from  the 
terminus  of  the  W.  Madison  st.  cable  line,  W.  Madison  and  Fortieth  sts.  to 
many  of  the  western  suburbs.  There  are  twenty-one  miles  of  double  track, 
and  the  system  is  splendidly  equipped.  Very  rapid  time  is  made.  The  prin- 
cipal suburbs  reached  are  Oak  Park  and  Austin.  [See  "  Amusements"  under 
heading  "  Street  Car  Excursions,"  for  full  description  of  scenes  and  places 
on  these  lines.] 

City  Elevated  Railway  Company.— Incorporated  in  1892  with  a  capital  of 
$7,500,000  and  an  avowed  intention  of  constructing  another  "  L  "  system  for 
Chicago.  It  proposes  to  build  the  road  from  a  point  on  Michigan  ave., 
between  Lake  and  Harrison  sts.,  to  a  point  on  the  boundary  line  of  Cook 
county  between  State  st.  and  Kedzie  ave.  Not  much  is  known  of  the  finan- 
cial character  of  the  men  behind  this  enterprise. 

South  Side  Electric  Lines.— A  new  electric  system  for  the  South  side  of 
Chicago  is  being  introduced  in  connection  with  the  Chicago  City  Railway 
Company's  cable  system.  The  first  electric  lines  completed  are  on  Sixty- 
first  and  Sixty-third  sts.  It  was  imperative  that  the  company  should  increase 
its  means  for  carrying  the  people  from  State  st.  to  the  World's  Fair  grounds. 
Tracks  were  laid  from  Gottage  Grove  ave.  to  the  Illinois  Central  tracks  on 
Sixty-first  st.,  so  that  there  might  be  a  separate  line  on  Sixty -first  from 
State  st.  to  Jackson  Park.  The  plan  of  the  terminal  of  Sixty-first  st.  line 
is  to  run  east  on  that  street  to  Madison  ave.,  then  curve  to  the  north  along 
the  line  of  the  branch  of  the  Illinois  Central,  going  over  the  right  of  way 
purchased,  to  South  st.  This  is  a  short  street  just  west  of  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral main  track  and  tire  cars  run  a  block  north  on  that  street  and  terminate 
with  a  stub  end  switch  on  the  south  line  of  the  Midway  Plaisance.  This 
gives  a  terminal  point  within  250  feet  of  the  Illinois  Central's  main  station 
at  the  Fair  gi'ounds,  and  is  as  near  the  exposition  as  a  terminal  can  be, 


246  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

located,  without  blunging  about  undue  congestion.  For  the  Sixty-third  st. 
line  there  are  two  loops.  The  road  is  carried  straight  east  on  Sixty-third 
st.  under  the  Illinois  Central  tracks  to  Grace  st.,  which  is  the  first  street 
west  of  Stony  Island  ave.  Here  it  turns  both  south  and  north  on  Grace  st., 
running  to  Sixty-fourth  and  Sixty-second,  thence  east  on  those  streets  to 
Stony  Island  ave.,  looping  back  to  Sixty-third  st.  The  track  laid  is  of  extra 
heavy  construction  and  the  motors  employed  are  proportionately  heavy. 
Lines  are  also  contemplated  for  Forty-seventh  and  Thirty-fifth  sts.,  but 
numerous  obstacles  are  in  the  way  which  it  may  not  be  possible  to  remove. 
A  portion  of  the  Thirty-fifth  st.  line  from  Michigan  ave.  to  Grand  blvd.  is  a 

Eart  of  the  boulevard  system,  and  the  park  commissioners  threatened  an 
ijunction  against  laying  tracks  on  that  part  of  the  street.  The  park  com- 
missioners, however,  were  willing  to  donate  Thirty-fifth  st.  and  make  some 
other  street  connecting  Michigan  ave.  and  Grand  blvd.  a  part  of  the  boule- 
vard system,  but  this  required  legislative  action.  The  plan  is  to  put  an 
electrical  equipment  on  Forty-seventh  st.  from  Western  blvd.  to  Cottage 
Grove  ave.  The  power  house  to  run  these  various  lines  is  on  State  and 
Fifty-second  sts.  A  large  number  of  new  cars  have  been  added  to  the  South 
side  system.- 

CITY  RAILWAY  SERVICE— ELEVATED  LINES. 

At  least  three  great  elevated  railroad  systems  ai'e  assured  to  Chicago— 
the  "Alley  L,"  on  the  South  side,  completed;  the  "  Lake  st.  L,"  on  the  West 
side,  partly  completed,  and  the  "Metropolitan  L,"  also  on  the  West  side, 
which  is  in  the  hands  of  the  capitalists  who  constructed  the  "Alley  L,"  and 
which  will  be  completed  at  an  early  day.  There  are  many  projected  "  L" 
lines  besides,  some  of  which  are  mentioned. 

Chicago  Union  Elevated  and  Tunnel  Company .  —  Incorporated.  The 
pi-oject  is  a  great  one,  but  little  is  known  of  the  persons  who  are  behind  it. 
A  railroad  is  to  be  built  from  a  point  in  the  First  Ward  to  the  western  limits 
of  the  city,  with  a  branch  from  a  point  thereon  between  Crawford  ave.  on 
the  west  and  Western  ave.  on  the  east,  in  a  northerly,  northwesterly,  and 
westerly  direction  to  the  western  limits  of  the  city,  and  a  further  branch 
extending  from  a  point  thereon  between  Canal  st.  and  Center  ave.  in  a 
southerly  direction  to  a  point  between  Sixty-third  and  Seventy-ninth  sts., 
and  thence  easterly  to  the  limits  of  the  city.  The  capital  stock  of  the  com- 
pany is  $17,000,000. 

Lake  Street  Elevated  Railroad. — The  superstructure  of  this  line  was 
completed  from  Canal  st.  very  nearly  to  Union  Park,  over  Lake  st.  in  the 
spring  of  1891.  Then  came  a  long  delay  in  the  prosecution  of  the  work,  due 
to  want  of  capital,  or  the  inability  of  the  original  projectors  to  complete  it. 
The  road  has  passed  into  the  hands  of  anew  company  with  ample  capital 
and  work  is  being  pushed  at  this  writing.  Its  course  in  the  future  is  entirely 
unsettled,  but  the  probabilities  are  that  it  will  have  two  branches,  one 
extending  toward  the  northwestern  portion  of  the  city,  the  other  extending 
to  the  southwestern,  while  the  main  stem  will  follow  the  line  of  Lake  st.  into 
Cicero,  passing  through  the  environs  of  Austin  and  Oak  Park.  As  far  as 
completed  the  road  is  substantially  built.  It  will  have  a  double  track,  and 
will  be  operated  in  a  manner  similar  to  the  system  employed  on  the  New 
York  elevated  roads.  The  question  of  securing  a  South  side  terminal,  that 
is  a  starting-point  on  the  south  side  of  the  city,  or  in  the  business  district, 
is  not  settled.  There  have  been  several  propositions  regarding  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  terminal  east  of  the  south  branch  of  the  river,  but  all  have 
been  abandoned,  for  the  time  being  at  least.  The  probable  route  of  the  line 
through  the  business  district  is  via  the  alley- ways  paralleling  Lakest.,from 
Market  st.  east. 

Milwaukee  Avenue  Elevated  Road. — The  Chicago  Transit  Company,  with 
a  capital  stock  of  $12,000,000,  was  granted  articles  of  incorporation  by  the 
Secretary  of  State.  The  incorporators  say  they  intend  to  construct  a  road. 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  247 

that  will  furnish  rapid  transit  for  the  North  side  residents  from  some  point 
on  the  river  between  State  and  Market  and  to  build  their  road  on  private 
property,  which  they  will  acquire  by  purchase,  lease,  or  condemnation  to 
some  portion  of  the  city  where  the  streets  are  less  crowded.  The  road  will 
run  from  the  Chicago  river  to  Waukegan,  but  it  is  probable  it  will  be 
elevated  only  to  Evanston,  beyond  it  will  be  a  surface  road.  The  motive 
power  will  be  electricity. 

Metropolitan  Elevated  Railroad, — A  projected  elevated  railroad  which 
wil  probably  be  in  an  advanced  stage  of  completion  before  the  close  of  1893. 
It  is  to  penetrate  the  West  side  with  numerous  branches.  The  plan  is  to 
have  a  South  side  terminal  station,  the  road  crossing  the  south  branch  of 
the  i-iver  on  a  swinging  bridge  sixty  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  water. 
The  Metropolitan  is  being  handled  as  was  the  South  side  Alley  "L."  The 
right  of  way  is  being  purchased  through  alleys,  thereby  saving  the  time 
and  possible  damages  resulting  from  an  attempt  to  run  over  the  streets. 
The  bridge  will  be  built  south  of  Van  Buren  st.  The  exact  line  which  the 
road  will  take  has  not  yet  been  made  known.  This  has  been  kept  secret  in 
order  to  prevent  speculators  from  securing  control  of  property  along  the 
route  and  endeavoring  to  unload  it  on  the  company  at'  greatly  advanced 
figures.  In  addition  to  these  speculators  many  owners  of  acre  property  are 
apt  to  cause  trouble.  These  owners,  whose  property  would  be  of  compara- 
tively little  value  but  for  the  advent  of  the  elevated  road,  on  getting  infor- 
mation of  the  route  would  concert  their  acres  into  lots.  In  connection  with 
this  enterprise  it  is  said  to  be  the  intention  of  the  Metropolitan  company  to 
connect  with  the  South  Side  Alley  "L"  some  place  between  Harrison  and 
Van  Buren  sts.,  thus  affording  a  completed  line  of  transit  from  the  western, 
northwestern  and  southwestern  sections  of  the  city  to  the  World's  Fair 
grounds.  As  both  the  South  side  "  L  "  and  the  Metropolitan  West  side  "  L  " 
are  officered  and  capitalized  by  the  same  parties  the  connections  referred 
to  can  be  made  all  the  more  readily. 

South  Side  Rapid  Transit  Railway— Better  known  as  "The  Alley  L"  for 
the  i-eason  that  its  line  lies  principally  over  the  alleys  of  the  South  side.  An 
elevated  railway,  the  line  extends  from  Congress  st.,  on  the  line  of  the  alley 
between  State  and  Wabash,  south  to  Fortieth  st..  thence  east  to  the  alley 
between  Prairie  and  Calumet,  thence  again  south  to  Sixty-third  st.,  and 
thence  east  to  Jackson  Park,  along  and  over  Sixty-third  st.  Stations  are 
fixed  at  intervals  of  two  and  four  blocks.  A  branch  is  projected  west  into  En- 
glewood  and  the  main  line  will  undoubtedly  be  extended  south  of  Sixty-third 
st.,  as  soon  as  the  population  will  warrant  the  expense.  The  terminus  of 
the  Sixty-third  st.,  branch  will,  during  the  fair,  be  in  the  park  itself,  directly 
at  the  south  line  of  the  Transportation  Building,  over  the  annex  to  wrhich 
the  tracks  come  in  on  an  easy  curve.  The  platforms  have  been  arranged 
vvith  great  care,  to  prevent  incoming  and  outgoing  passengers  from  meeting 
each  other.  At  this  point  the  road  forms  a  junctiou  with  the  Intramural 
Electric  Elevated  road,  which  runs  around  the  grounds,  and  which  is  here 
on  the  same  level.  In  this  way  passengers  can  ride  from  Chicago  to  the 
very  door  of  most  of  the  buildings  at  the  exposition  without  going  down  to 
the  ground  and  by  but  one  change  of  cars.  The  pi'esent  equipment  of  the 
South  Side  Elevated  railroad  is  180  passenger  coaches  and  46  locomotives. 
These  locomotives  are  of  the  four-cylinder  compound  type,  and  have  given 
excellent  and  satisfactory  service  since  they  were  adjusted  to  the  peculiar 
conditions  of  elevated  work.  Rapid  time  is  made  ovev  this  line.  It  is  pro- 
bable that  a  northern  loop  will  be  built  which  will  bring  the  city  terminus 
nearer  the  business  center.  Fare  5  cents  for  all  distances. 

CLUBS— ATHLETIC,  SPORTING,   ETC, 

Among  the  leading  athletic  and  sporting  club  houses  of  the  city  are : 
The  new  home  of  the  Chicago  Athletic  Association,  on  Michigan  ave., 
between  Madison  and  Monroe;  the  Washington  Park  Club,  Washington 
Park;  the  Farragut  Club  House;  the  Illinois  Cycling  Club  House,  1068 


248  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Washington  blvd. ;  the  Lincoln  Club,  No.  1,  Park  ave. ;  the  Chicago  Cricket 
Club,  Parkside;  the  Englewood  Club,  and  the  Oak  Park  Cycling  Club 
House  at  the  Cor.  Oakwood  blvd.  and  Prairie  ave. 

Base  Ball  Chfbs.— There  is  one  professional  base  ball  club  in  Chicago.' 
The  professional  park  is  located  on  the  South  side,  and  may  be  reached  by 
State  st.  cable  cars  or  L.  S.  &  M.  S.  Ry.  "Chicago  City  Base  Ball  League " 
comprises  eight  clubs.  Offices,  108  Madison  st.  and  145  Monroe  st.  PARKS — 
North:  Halsted  st.  and  North  ave. ;  take  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  train  (Evanston 
Division)  or  N.  Halsted  st.  horse  car.  South:  Thirty-ninth  st.  and  Went- 
worth  ave. ;  take  Wabash  ave.  cable  car.  West:  Ogden  ave.  and  Rockwell 
St.:  take  Ogden  ave.  horse  car.  WESTERN  ASSOCIATION  or  BASE  BALL 
CLUBS— Meets  at  108  Madison  st. 

Boat  and  Yacht  Clubs. — CATLIN  BOAT  CLUB — Lake  snoie,  .'oot  <>f  Pearson. 
CHICAGO  CANOE  CLUB— A  boating  organization  of  the  South  Side,  member  of 
the  Western  Canoe  Association;  boat  house  foot  of  Thirty-seventh  st. 
CHICAGO  YACHT  CLUB.  COUNTESS  YACHT  CLUB— Room  25,  6,  Sherman. 
EVANSTON  BOAT  CLUB— Located  on  Sheridan  road  (Lake  Shore  drive)  in  the 
suburb  of  Ifvanston.  Take  train  at  Wells  st.  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts., 
N.  Side,  or  at  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  sts.,  West  side.  The  club  house 
is  an  elegant  one,  and  it  is  the  center  of  the  social  life  of  the  younger  por- 
tion of  Evanston  society.  FARRAGUT  BOAT  CLUB— Located  at  3016  and  3018 
Lake  Park  ave.  Take  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line.  Organized  in  1872. 
Occupies  a  handsome  brick  building,  two  stories  and  basement.  The  boat 
house  of  the  club  is  a  one-story  brick  building  on  the  south  shore,  foot  of 
Thirty-third  st.  The  club  owns  about  twenty-five  boats,  including  an  eight- 
oared  barge,  four-oared  shells,  four-oared  gigs,  single  and  double  shells, 
single  and  double  training.boats  and  pleasure  boats  of  all  descriptions. 
Admission  fee,  $50;  annual  dues,  $24.  FARRAGUT  NAVAL  ASSOCIATION  OF 
CHICAGO — Meets  third  Thursday.  LINCOLN  PARK  YACHT  CLUB — Organized 
in  1890. 

Chicago  Athletic  Association.— The  idea  of  organizing  this  association 
and  building  for  it  a  suitable  home  originated  with  one  or  two  of  the  pres- 
ent members  in  January,  1889.  Object  of  the  association:  to  encourage  all 
manly  sports  and  promote  physical  culture.  Present  number  of  members, 
1,500,  including  many  of  the  leading  business  and  professional  men  of  the 
city.  Location  of  new  gymnasium  building,  Michigan  ave.,  between  Madi- 
son and  Monroe  sts.,  facing  east,  only  a  short  walk  from  the  business  cen- 
ter. [For  full  description  of  club  house  see  "  Biiildings."] 

Chicago  Curling  Club.  —  Curling  was  introduced  into  Chicago  in  1854. 
At  the  start  the  Chicago  club  was  composed  exclusively  of  Scotchmen,  but 
since  that  time  it  has  grown  and  extended  its  membership,  including  several 
Americans  and  members  of  other  nationalities.  Meets  at  83  Madison  st. 
Under  the  rules  of  the  National  Curling  Club  the  club  members  are  not 
allowed  to  play  matches  for  money,  as  from  the  very  beginning  every  effort 
has  been  made  to  keep  the  game  pure  and  free  even  from  the  semblance  of 
gambling.  The  rules  do  not  prohibit  games  between  members,  however, 
for  some  trophy.  The  rule  in  the  Chicago  club  has  been  to  play  matches 
for  certain  amounts  of  money,  the  winners  to  donate  the  spoils  to  some 
charity. 

Chicago  Fencing  and  Boxing  Clubs. — Organized  1890.  Club  rooms,  106  E. 
Randolph  st.  The  object  of  the  organization  is  to  increase  the  interest  in 
local  amateur  athletic  circles.  Union  Athletic  Club — Meets  at  200  Adams 
St.;  Chicago  Athletic  Pleasure  Club. 

Cricket  Clubs. — Chicago  Cricket  Association — Annual  meeting  first  Tues- 
day in  April  at  Grand  Pacific.  Chicago  Cricket  Club  (incorporated)—  Meets 
room  5,  170  State.  St.  George  Cricket  Club— 710  N.  Wells.  Wanderer's  Cricket 
and  Athletic  Club— One  of  the  foremost  athletic  clubs  of  Chicago.  Com- 
posed of  cricketers,  sprinters,  rowers,  etc. 

Cycling  Clubs.— There  are  numerous  cycling  clubs  in  Chicago,  many  of 
which  have  their  own  club  houses.  The  most  prominent  of  them  belong  to 


250  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

the  Bicycle  Club  Association.  The  objects  of  this  association  are  to  secure 
harmonious  and  concerted  action  in  all  matters  of  general  interest  to 
wheelmen  in  Chicago  and  vicinity,  particularly  in  such  matters  as  munici- 
pal legislation,  improvements  of  streets  and  roads,  the  prevention  of  the 
theft  of  wheels,  to  spread  a  knowledge  of  the  rights,  duties  and  privileges 
of  wheelmen,  to  promote  road  and  track  racing,  to  foster  fraternal  club 
intercourse  and,  as  far  as  possible,  to  aid  the  state  and  national  organiza- 
tions of  the  League  of  American  Wheelmen.  The  cycling  clubs  represented 
are  as  follows:  Chicago  Cycling  Club,  Illinois  Cycling  Club,  Lincoln  Cycling 
Club,  Washington  Cycling  Club,  Douglas  Cycling  Club,  ^Eolus  Cycling  Club, 
Oak  Park  Cycling  Club,  Englewood  Cycling  Club,  Lake  View  Cycling  Club, 
and  Vikings  Bicycle  Club. 

Hand  Ball  Courts.— There  are  a  nnmber  of  hand  ball  courts  or  "  alleys" 
in  Chicago,  the  best  being  McGurn's,  located  on  Division  st.,  North  side. 
Take  Division  st.  car. 

Horse  Associations.— American  Horse  Show  Association,  182  Monroe  st. 
Central  Park  Driving  Association.  [See  "  Washington  Park  Club."] 

Hunting,  Fishing  and  Gun  Clubs. — Audubon  Club — Meets  second  Tuesday 
in  each  quarter,  at  Kern's.  110  La  Salle  st.  Chicago  Cumberland  Gun  Club— 
Organized  in  1881.  Located  in  Lake  county,  111.  Its  club  house  and  grounds 
were  formerly  the  property  of  the  sons  of  an  English  nobleman,  Lord 
Parker,  and  cost  that  gentleman  about  $60,000.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  pieces 
of  hunting  club  property  in  the  country.  Fifty  miles  from  the  city,  equipped 
superbly  for  all  purposes  of  this  character,  invaluable  as  a  hunting  ground 
for  feathered  game,  in  a  healthful  locality,  the  Cumberland's  quarters  in 
Lake  county  offer  a  permanent  temptation  to  the  sportsmen  of  the  club. 
Cumberland  Gun  Club  meets  at  Sherman  House.  Chicago  Rifle  Club — 76 
W.  Monroe  st.  Chicago  Sharpshooter's  Association.— Meets  first  Monday  at 
-49  La  Salle  st.  Chicago  Shooting  Club.— Meets  at  Sherman  House  club 
i-oom.  Diana  Hunting  Club. — Club  house  at  Thayer,  Ind.  English  Lake 
Hunting  and  Fishing  Club. — Located  at  English  Lake,  Ind.  The  club  was 
organized  by  a  number  of  Chicago  gentlemen  in  1878  and  has  prospered 
since  its  birth.  It  is  not  a  regularly  incorporated  body,  but  is  very  wealthy 
notwithstanding,  and  its  club  house  is  one  of  the  best  and  most  comforta- 
bly equipped  in  the  state.  The  house  is  a  fine  frame  structure  of  twenty 
rooms,  and  surrounding  it  are  6,000  acres  of  marsh  lands.  These  are  the 
property  of  the  club  and  abound  in  duck,  snipe,  prairie  chicken  and  geese. 
The  members  of  the  English  Lake  Club  who  find  pleasure  in  angling  are 
furnished  with  excellent  opportunities  in  the  lake.  Among  the  game  fish  in, 
its  waters  are  bass,  pickerel  and  pike.  Chicago  Fly  Casting  Club. — Meets  at 
Sherman  House.  Fox  Lake  Shooting  and  Fishing  Club. — Meets  at  Tremorit 
House.  Fox  River  Fish  and  Game  Association. — An  association  for  the  pres- 
ervation of  fish  and  game  in  the  Fox  river  district.  Fort  Dearborn  Shooting 
Club.  Grand  Calumet  Heights  Club. — Meets  quarterly  at  Sherman  House. 
Lake  George  Sportman's  Association. — Meets  second  Thursdays  in  each 
quarter  at  Sherman  House.  Lake  View  Rifle  Club. — Meets  Saturdays  at  2 
P.M., at  Rifle  Range,  Colehour.  Mak-Saw-Ba  Shooting  Club.— Meets  at  Sher- 
man House;  clubhouse  at  Davis  Station,  Ind.  Minneola  Fishing  Club. — 
Club  house  at  FoxLake,  111.  Mississippi  Valley  Amateur  Rowing  Associa- 
tion. North  Chicago  Schuetzen  Verein. — Meets  second  Tuesdays  at  267  North 
ave.  Sportsman's  Club. — Meets  third  Thursday  in  each  quarter  at  Sherman 
House.  The  Gun  Club.— Meets  at  Sherman  House.  Tollestpn  Club.— Club 
grounds  near Tolleston,  Lake  county,  Ind.;  composed  of  Chicago  business 
men  of  sporting  taste.  One  of  the  wealthiest  clubs  in  the  United  States. 
Twenty-two  large  rooms  are  finely  furnished  and  nothing  is  wanting  to 
make  the  quarters  worthy  of  the  tenants,  among  whom  are  numbered  a 
hundred  or  more  of  Chicago's  wealthiest  citizens.  Union  Shooting  and 
Fishing  Club.— Club  house  at  Fox  Lake,  111.;  meets  third  Tuesdays  each 
quarter  at  Grand  Pacific.  Western  Rifle  Association. — 76  W.  Monroe. 

Indoor  Base  Ball  Clubs. — There  are  "Indoor  Base  Ball  Clubs". connected 
with  nearly  every  social  club  of  prominence  in  the  city,  besides:  a  great  num- 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  2S1 

ber  of  independent  organizations  in  city  and  suburbs.  There  are  two  leading 
"leagues"  of  Indoor  Base  Ball  Chabs — the  "Midwinter"  and  Chicago  Indoor 
Base  Ball  League.  The  game  is  of  Chicago  invention  and  followed  what 
came  to  be  known  as  the  "roller  skating  craze."  The  leading  teams  are 
La  Salles,  Ken  woods,  Oaks,  of  Austin;  Idlewilds,  of  Evanston;  Carletons, 
Marquettes,  Farraguts  and  Ashlands,  of  the  Midwinter  League,  and  the 
Harvards,  Lincoln  Cycling  club,  Chicago  Cycling  club  and  South  Side  Illinois 
club,  of  the  Indoor  League. 

Tatter  sails'1  Club.— Located  in  the  great  Tattersalls  bldg.,  Dearborn, 
between  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  sts.  A  club  of  horsemen,  especially  inter- 
erted  in  the  Chicago  Horse  Show.  [See  "Tattersall's  Horse  Exchange."] 

Tennis  Clubs.— CHICAGO  TENNIS  CLUB— 2901  Indiana  ave.  EXCELLO  TENNIS 
CLUB.  NORTH  END  TENNIS  CLUB. 

CLUBS— GENTLEMEN'S    AND    FAMILY. 

Apollo  Club.—  Organized  in  1872,  by  Silas  G.  Pratt  and  George  P.  Upton. 
It  has  grown  to  be  one  of  the  largest  and  most  important  musical  organiza- 
tions in  the  country.  More  than  two  thousand  singers  have  been  trained  in 
this  club.  It  has  a  regular  chorus  of  about  200  voices.  W.  L.  Tomlins, 
director. 

Architectural  Sketch  Club.— Meets  in  the  Athenaeum  building.  Member- 
ship, about  150.  Holds  annual  banquets  and  frequent  meetings. 

Argonaut  Club.— Location  of  the  clubhouse,  or  rather  club  boat  "The 
Argo,"  at  the  extreme  end  of  the  Illinois  Central  pier,  approached  by  via- 
duct foot  of  Randolph  st.  The  boat  was  designed  by  the  late  John  W.  Root. 
The  membership  is  limited  to  51  to  tally  with  the  number  some  accounts 
give  of  the  mythical  crew  of  the  earlier  Argo.  The  club  house,  or  boat,  is  a 
strange  craft.  It  has  rather  ancient  lines,  being  very  shoi-t  and  very  deep, 
but  this  gives  room  for  two  tall  stories,  with  a  roomy  deck  under  awnings 
on  top  of  all,  with  ample  ports  on  the  sides  and  an  open  end  to  the  after 
main-deck,  where  chairs  are  always  kept,  and  a  southward  view  is  had— 
though,  of  course,  the  sxaperb  view  in  all  directions  is  from  the  awning- 
covered  hurricane-deck.  The  boat  is  so  situated  that  all  the  shipping  of  the 
port  floats  by  it,  both  coming  and  going,  and  while  it  is  more  than  half  a 
mile  out  in  the  lake,  it  is  sheltered  by  the  government  piers  thai  form  the 
outer  harbor  or  refuge,  so  that  however  stormy  and  rough  the  lake  itself 
may  be,  the  sailors  of  the  club  have  a  safe  and  quiet  expanse  of  water  over 
a  mile  long  by  half  a  mile  wide  to  sail  in.  The  club  owns  a  one-lumdred-foot 
steam  yacht  built  by  the  Herreshoifs.  The  membership  is  full,  no  one  being 
or  having  been  eligible  unless  he  was  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Club,  the 
oldest  and  wealthiest  social  organization  in  town.  The  boat  has  every  con- 
venience, including  a  handsome  dining-saloon  and  several  state-rooms  or 
sleeping  apartments.  Meals  are  served  on  board,  and  ladies  are  invited  on 
Tuesdays  and  Fridays. 

Axhland  Club. — Located  at  575  Washington  blvd.,  Cor.  Wood  st.,  organ- 
ized in  October,  1886.  It  is  the  leading,  as  well  as  the  largest,  social  orga-n 
ization  on  the  West  side.  The  pi'esent  membership  is  500,  to  which  number 
it  is  limited  by  the  by-laws  of  the  club.  The  club  house  is  a  handsome  and 
commodious  structure.  The  balls  and  other  elegant  entertainments  given 
by  the  club  have  made  it  a  recognized  social  leader.  The  buildings  and 
grounds  cost  $85,000.  The  admission  fee  is  $50;  annual  dues  $40. 

Bankers'1  Club. — An  association  of  the  leading  bankers  of  the  city.  They 
give  an  annual  banquet,  to  which  distinguished  guests  are  invited. 

Buena  Park  Steamship  Yacht  Club. — A  social  organization  located  at 
Buena  Park,  a  suburb  within  the  city  limits  on  the  lake  shore,  north  of  Lake 
View.  One  of  the  principal  objects  In  the  organization  of  the  club  was  the 
formation  of  a  company  to  build  a  steam  yacht  to  ply  between  Buena  Park 


25£  GUU>E   TO  CHICAGO. 

and  the  city.  The  yacht  constructed  for  this  purpose  is  62  feet  long,  and  10 
feet  beam  and  cost  about  $7,500.  It  is  named  Buena  and  makes  two  trips  to 
Chicago  in  the  morning  and  two  at  night.  The  membership  of  the  club  is 
limited  to  forty.  No  fare  is  charged,  none  being  allowed  excepting  mem- 
bers and  their  guests. 

Building  Society  Club. — Composed  of  secretaries  of  the  various  building 
and  loan  associations,  holds  frequent  meetings  and  an  annual  banquet. 

Calumet  Club. — Located  at  the  corner  of  Michigan  ave.  and  Twentieth 
st.  Take  Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  Organized  in  1878.  The  building  which 
it  occupies  is  a  magnificent  one,  four  stories  high,  with  fronts  on  both  the 
streets  named.  The  club  has  a  splendid  collection  of  pictures.  It  aims  to 
preserve  the  early  history  of  the  city  and  state,  and  its  old  settlers'  annual 
receptions  have  become  famous.  The  club  is  composed  generally  of  the 
leading  men  of  Chicago.  Admission  fee,  $100;  annual  dues,  $80. 

NOTE.— Since  the  above  was  written  the  beautiful  Calumet  Club,  with 
its  historical  and  art  treasures,  was  destroved  by  fire.  Location  of  club  at 
present,  brick  mansion,  Michigan  blvd.  and  Twenty-first  st.  The  fire  resulted 
in  the  total  loss  of  the  club's  collections  and  in  loss  of  life,  one  of  its 
employes  being  burned  to  death,  and  its  secretary,  who  was  afflicted  with 
heart  disease,  dying  from  the  effects  of  the  attendant  excitement. 

Chicago  Club. — Located  on  Michigan  ave.  and  Van  Bureu  st.  (old  Art 
Institute).  Was  organized  in  1869  and  was  an  outgrowth  of  the  old  Dearborn 
Club,  which  was  located  on  Michigan  ave.,  near  Jackson  st.  The  first  club 
house  of  the  Chicago  was  situated  at  the  corner  of  Wabash  ave.  and  Eldridge 
ct.,  and  was  destroyed  in  the  great  fire.  The  club  is  composed  generally  of 
the  leading  merchants  and  professional  men  of  the  city  and  it  is  very  ext-lu. 
sive.  Comfort  and  congeniality,  more  than  crowds  and  confusion, are  desired. 
The  admission  fee  is  $300;  the  annual  dues  are  $80,  payable  semi-annually. 
Membership  limited  to  450  residedts  and  150  non-residents. 

Columbus  Club.— Organized  in  1892  and  occupies  the  old  Chicago  Club 
house,  on  Monroe  st.,  between  State  st.  and  Wabash  ave.  The  Chicago  Club 
property  was  purchased  for  $220,000.  The  Chicago  Club  occupies  the  old 
Art  Institute  building.  The  new  Columbus  Club  propei'ty  has  a  south  front- 
age on  Monroe  st.  of  50  feet  and  is  107  feet  deep.  There  is  an  alley  on  both 
the  east  and  west  sides  of  the  property.  It  is  five  stories  high  and  cost 
originally  $75,000.  Although  one  of  the  youngest  organizations  of  its  kind,  it 
has  had  a  very  rapid  growth  and  now  takes  a  prominent  place  among  the 
social  organizations  of  the  city. 

Commercial  Club. — An  association  of  the  leading  merchants,  manufact- 
urers, bankers  and  capitalists  of  Chicago,  the  object  of  which  is  toencour- 
age  in  a  social  and  informal  way  the  interchange  of  opinions  respecting  the 
commercial  necessities  of  the  city.  The  club  gives  frequent  dinners  and 
banquts  and  entertains  distinguished  guests.  Some  question  of  great  im- 
portance uppermost  at  the  time  is  always  discussed  at  their  meetings  and 
banquets. 

Dearborn  Club.— [See  "Chicago  Club."] 

Electric  Cli~b,  The  Chicago.—  Composed  of  electricians  and  men  engaged 
in  all  kinds  of  commercial  and  professional  pursuits.  A  social  club  for 
gentlemen,  situated  at  175  Clark  st.,  Cor.  of  Monroe.  Its  rooms  are  hand- 
somely fitted  up.  Their  are  reception  rooms,  smoking  rooms,  billiard  and 
reading  i-obms.  The  latter  contain  a  fine  library  where  the  most  complete 
works  on  electricity  can  be  found.  Literary  meetings  are  held  monthly 
when  readings  of  high  standard  papers  on  electricity  takes  place. 

Elks'1  Club. — An  association  of  members  of  theatrical  and  other  profes- 
sions, similar  to  those  in  all  our  large  cities.  The  lodge  is  in  a  very  pros- 
perous condition. 

Fellowship  Club.— Organized  June  4, 1891.  Object,  the  promotion  of  good- 
fellowship,  and  its  extension  to  "the  stranger  within  our  gates."  Number 
of  resident  members  limited  to  fifty;  non-resident  members,  twenty-five; 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

CHICAGO  RAW  HIDE  MFG.  CO.,  75-77  E.  OHIO  ST. 

[See  "Western  Industry."] 


254  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

honorary  members  admitted  only  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  members 
present  at  any  meeting  at  which  a  quorum  of  the  resident  members  is  pres- 
ent. Each  member  may  invite  one  guest  to  a  dinner  of  the  club,  the  ex- 
penses to  be  paid  by  the  member  inviting  him.  The  executive  committee 
has  the  right  to  invite  one  or  more  club  guests  to  each  dinner,  the  expenses 
of  whose  entertainment  is  paid  out  of  the  funds  of  the  club.  Initiation  fee, 
$25.  Dues  from  resident  and  non-  resident  members,  $10  annually.  Bus- 
iness meetings  and  dinners  of  the  club  held  on  the  first  Tnursday,  June, 
October,  December,  February  and  April,  and  on  other  stated  occasions. 
Meetings  held  at  one  of  the  leading  hotels  or  restaurants. 

Forty  Club.— A dinner  club  meeting  monthly.  Active  membership  lim- 
ited to  forty  drawn  from  bench,  bar,  the  law,  the  theatres,  and  the  profes- 
sions generally.  Entertains  theatre  people  and  distinguished  writers. 
Meets  at  one  of  the  principal  hotels. 

Germania  Mcennerchor:— Located  at  N.  Clark  st.,  Cor.  of  Germania  Place. 
Take  N.  Clark  st.  cable  line.  The  society  had  its  origin  at  the  funeral  of 
Abraham  Lincoln  in  1865,  when  a  small  party  of  Germans  from  Chicago 
attended  to  render  a  chorus.  They  were  pleased  with  each  other's  singing 
and  determined  upon  the  organization  of  a  permanent  society.  To-day  it 
is  one  of  the  largest,  most  respectable  and  most  prominent  musical  and 
social  organizations  in  the  country.  Incorporated  March  31,  1869.  Member- 
ship about  650,  of  which  125  are  not  Germans.  The  club  is  social  as  well  as 
musical.  The  club  house  is  one  of  the  handsomest  in  Chicago. 

German  Press  Club.— An  association  of  the  members  of  the  staff  of  the 
German  papers  of  the  city.  Meets  at  106  Randolph  st.  The  club  has  fifty- 
five  active  members  and  several  associated  members.  Was  organized 
in  1891. 

Grant  Club. — Chartered  Aug.  10,  1885.  Object:  To  promote  social  and 
political  intercourse,  and  advance  the  interest  of  the  Republican  party. 
Also  the  discussion  of  improvements  in  our  municipality.  Holds  its  annual 
meeting  on  the  third  Thursday  in  August. 

Hamilton  Club.— Chartered  April,  1890.  Named  after  Alexander  Hamil- 
ton, the  American  statesman.  The  club  is  one  of  the  most  noted  institu- 
tions of  Chicago  with  a  large  membership  composed  of  the  most  prominent 
citizens  in  all  walks  of  life.  In  politics  it  is  republican,  but  is  not  partisan 
in  spirit.  State  and  national  questions  of  importance  are  freely  considered, 
with  the  view  of  increasing  the  growth  of  patriotism. 

Harvard  University  Club. — Composed  of  graduates  of  Harvard  Univer- 
sity, Cambridge,  Mass.,  resident  in  Chicago.  Meets  at  stated  occasions  in 
the  Auditorium  hotel,  holds  an  annual  banquet  and  entertains  distinguished 
officers  and  graduates  of  the  University,  from  time  to  time.  Many  leading 
citizens  of  Chicago  are  members. 

Hermitage  Club. — A  North  side  political  (Democratic)  club,  which 
absorbed  the  Arlington  club,  a  flourishing  organization.  It  is  social  as  well 
as  political  in  character.  Membership  fee,  $20;  annual  dues,  $30.  Comprised 
of  leading  democrats  of  the  North  division  of  the  city. 

Hyde  Park  Club.— Located  at  Hyde  Park.  Club  house,  Cor.  Washington 
ave.  and  Fifty-first  st.  Has  a  membership  of  about  250.  Take  Illinois  Cen- 
tral train,  foot  of  Randolph  and  Van  Buren  sts.,  or  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable 
line.  The  building  is  a  handsome  one.  Its  exterior  is  striking  and  the 
interior  has  evidently  been  given  the  thought  of  tasteful  decorators.  It  is 
strictly  a  gentleman's  club. 

Illinois  Club.— Located  at  154  Ashland  ave.,  West  side.  Take  W.  Madison 
st.  cable  car  line.  Organized  in  1878.  First  building  occupied,  401  Washing- 
ton blvd. ;  moved  to  Ashland  ave.  and  Madison  st. ;  purchased  present 
quarters  in  1884.  Occupies  a  very  handsome  and  commodious  building 
fronting  the  most  beautiful  avenue  in  the  west  division  of  the  city.  Object 
of  club:  the  cultivation  and  promotion  of  literature  and  the  fine  arts,  and  of 
social  intercoTirse.  It  gives  elegant  entertainments  during  the  winter  sea- 
sons. Admission  fee,  $100.  Annual  dues,  $50. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  g56 

*ndiana  Club.—  Located  at  3319  Indiana  ave.  Organized  in  1883.  Take 
xndiana  ave.  car,  via  Waba.sh  ave.  cable  line.  Occupies  a  very  pleasant 
c"lub  house,  a  two-story  brick  building'.  This  is  a  family  club,  the  wives  and 
children  of  members  being  entitled  to  all  privilege.  Entertainments  are 

§iven  at  intervals  th'tt.g'Lrut  the  year.    Admission  fee,  $50,    Annual  dues 
JO. 

Iroquois  Club.— Located  at  110  Monroe  st.  (Columbia  Theatre  bldg.),  in 
the  business  center  of  the  city.  Organized  October  4,  1881.  It  is  a  political 
(Democratic)  and  social  club.  Has  very  handsome  and  spacious  quarters, 
and  is  provided  with  all  the  comforts  of  modern  club  houses.  It  is  the  lead- 
ing Democratic  political  club  of  the  city,  and  numbers  among  its  members 
the  most  prominent  partisans  of  the  Jeffersonian  creed.  The  Iroquois  Club 
entertains  splendidly,  and  it  was  at  a  reception  given  here  that  Grover 
Cleveland  used  the  expression, "A  public  office  is  a  public  trust."  Membership 
about  500.  Admission  fee  and  annual  dues  reasonable.  [An  elegant  new 
club  house  is  is  to  be  erected  by  this  club  at  the  N.  W.  Cor.  Michigan  ave. 
and  Adams  st.] 

John  A.  Logan  Club.— Located  at  466  La  Salle  ave.,  North  side.  Take 
Clark  or  Wells  st.  cable  line.  Organized  February  12,  1888.  A  political 
(Republican)  and  social  club.  Has  commodious  quarters.  Admission  fee, 
$10;  annual  dues,  $12. 

Kenwood  Club.— Located  at  Forty-seventh  st.  and  Lake  ave.,  Kenwood. 
Organized  in  1883.  A  social  and  family  club  in  which  the  ladies  and  other 
members  of  the  family  are  entitled  to  privileges.  Admission  fee,  $100;  annual 
dues,  $40. 

La  Salle  Club.— Located  at  542  Monroe  st.,  West  side.  Take  W.  Madison 
st.  cable  line.  Organized  in  1884.  It  is  a  political  (Republican)  and  social 
club.  It  is  a  marble  front,  four  stories  and  basement,  with  a  frontage  of 
125  feet,  and  a  depth  of  95  feet.  Admission  fee,  $25;  annual  dues,  $40. 

Lakeside  Club.  —  Located  on  Indiana  ave.,  between  Thirty-first  anu 
Thirty-second  sts.  Organized  in  1881.  Take  Indiana  ave.  car,  via  Wabash 
ave.  cable  line.  Owns  its  present  home,  a  modern  building  of  brick  and 
stone,  containing  three  stories  and  a  basement.  Admission  fee,  $200; 
annual  dues,  $60.  Membership  limited  to  5550.  fA  new  club  house  is  being 
built  for  the  club,  at  the  S.  W.  Cor.  Forty-second  st.  and  Grand  blvd.] 

Lincoln  Club.— An  organization  of  young  Republicans  of  the  West  side, 
with  purposes  similar  to  those  of  the  Hamilton  Club  of  the  South  side  and 
the  Marquette  Club  of  the  North  side.  This  club  is  incorporated  for  the 
advancement  of  political  science  and  Republican  principles,  to  exert  an 
influence  in  behalf  of  good  government,  local,  state  and  national,  and  to 
cultivate  patriotism  and  social  relations  among  its  members. 

Marquette  Club. — Location  of  club  house,  Dearborn  ave.  and  Maple  st. 
Organized,  1886.  A  political  (Republican)  club.  It  is  social  as  well  as  politi- 
cal in  character,  however.  Its  club  house  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  in  the 
city.  It  entertains  from  time  to  time  the  leadiig  republicans  of  the  nation. 

Nationalists'  Club. — An  association  of  gentlemen  formed  for  the  purpose 
of  interchanging  ideas  regarding  questions  of  national  interest  and  advo- 
cating reform  in  legislation  and  government.  Meets  at  the  Grand  Pacific 
hotel. 

Oakland  Club.— Located  at  Oakland  and  Ellis  aves..  in  building  formerly 
the  Lakeside  Skating  rink.  The  building  is  a  large,  two-story  brick  struct- 
ure, rather  unique  from  an  architectural  point  of  view.  Strictly  a  family 
club.  No  intoxicating  liquors  or  games  of  chance  allowed  on  the  premises. 
Admission  fee,  $50;  annual  dues,  $30. 

Park  Club.— Located  Cor.  Fifty-seventh  st.  and  Rosalie  ct.  Organized, 
1886.  A  family  club.  Occupies  a  handsome  building  four  stories  in  height. 
The  club  house  has  splendid  verandas,  which  make  it  a  most  attractive 
resort  in  the  summer.  Admission  fee,  $25;  annual  dues,  $40. 


256  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

PhaniX  Club-'— Located  at  Thirty-first  st.  and  Calumet  ave.  Composed 
of  young  men  of  Hebrew  lineage.  Card  playing  and  any  form  of  gambling 
are  positively  prohibited. 

Practitioners'  Club.— An  association  of  physicians.  Meets  at  the  Palmer 
House.  A  chairman  is  elected  at  every  meeting  and  questions  of  interest 
to  practitioners  are  discussed. 

Press  Club  of  Chicago. — Organized  January  15,  1880.  Club  rooms  located 
at  131  Clark  st.  Charter  members— Melville  E.  Stone,  Franc  B.  Wilkie, 
Rodney  Welch,  W.  K.  Sullivan,  T.  C.  MacMillan,  Joseph  R.  Dunlop,  Henry 
F.  Donovan,  W.  B.  Sullivan,  F.  O.  Bennett,  Theodore  Gestefeld,  William  T. 
Hall,  John  J.  Flinn,  J.  F.  Ballantyne,  Elwyn  A.  Barren,  W.  T.  Collins,  James 
Maitland,  Platt  Lewis,  Thomas  E.  Burnside,  C.  A.  Snowden,  Lawrence 
Hardy,  W.  P.  Hanscom,  Guy  Magee,  W.  H.  Hicks,  John  E.  Wilkie,  Sam  V. 
Steele.  The  club  was  organized  for  the  purpose  of  "  bringing  the  members 
of  the  newspaper  profession  together  in  closer  personal  relations,  to  elevate 
the  profession,  to  further  good  fellowship,  and  to  extend  a  helping  hand  to 
all  members  of  the  organization  who  may  deserve  it."  The  entire  list  of 
presidents  is  as  given  below,  James  W.  Scott  being  the  only  man  ever 
three  times  elected:  1880,  Franc  B.  Wilkie,  of  The  Times;  1881,  W.  K. 
Sullivan,  Journal;  1882,  Samuel  J.  Medill,  Tribune;  1883,  W.  E.  Curtis,  Inter- 
Ocean;  1884,  James  W.  Bradwell,  Legal  News;  1885,  Joseph  R.  Dunlop,  Inter- 
Ocean;  1886,  John  F.  Ballantyne,  Morning  News;  1887,  James  W.  Scott, 
Herald;  1888,  James  W.  Scott,  Herald;  1889,  James  W.  Scott,  Herald;  1890, 
Stanley  Waterloo,  The  Times;  1891,  William  A.  Taylor- Herald;  1892,  John 
E.  Wilkie,  Tribune;  1893,  Stanley  Waterloo,  Evening  Journal.  The  club 
rooms  are  handsomely  fitted  up,  and  aje  convenient  to  the  members  actively 
engaged  in  newspaper  work.  Journalists  visiting  the  city  are  granted  the 
privileges  of  the  club  on  being  properly  introduced  by  a  member  in  good 
standing.  The  Press  Club  building  on  Michigan  ave.,  near  Madison  st., 
will  be  completed  in  1893.  The  membership  is  now  about  250.  Admission 
fee,  $15;  annual  dues,  $20. 

Seven  0' Clock  Club. — Conducted  after  the  manner  of  the  Sunset  and 
other  clubs  for  the  discussion  of  questions  of  current  interest  and  import- 
ance. Meets  at  the  Masonic  Hall,  Sixty-third  and  Yale  sts.  and  has  an 
annual  banquet. 

Sheridan  Club.— Location,  3500  Michigan  ave.  Founded  in  the  spring  of 
1888.  Eight  months  after  the  club  was  formed  efforts  were  made  to  start  a 
fund  for  the  building  of  a  club  hoiise.  A  separate  organization  was  formed 
within  the  Sheridan  Club  and  called  the  Sheridan  Club  Auxiliary  Associa- 
tion with  a  capital  stock  of  $75,000.  Work  on  the  building  was  commenced 
in  June,  1891,  and  completed  for  occupancy  May  1,  1892.  The  total  cost  of  the 
building,  including  furnishings,  amounted  to  $100,000.  The  house  is  a  sub- 
stantial structure,  three  stories  high  and  50x145  feet  deed.  The  front  is  of 
stone  and  pressed  brick,  rnd  is  handsomely  furnished  throughout.  The 
club  is  composed  principally  of  leading  Irish-American  citizens. 

Single  Tax  Club,  The  Chicago.— Meets  every  Thursday  eve.  at  206  La  Salle 
st.  Incorporated  under  the  laws  of  Illinois.  Object,  1st.  To  advocate  the 
abolition  of  all  taxes  upon  industry  and  the  products  of  industry,  and 
upon  exchange  through  tariff  taxation,  and  the  taking  by  taxation  upon 
land  values,  irrespective  of  improvements,  of  the  annual  rental  value  of  all 
those  various  forms  of  natural  opportunities  embraced  under  the  general 
term,  land.  2d.  To  advocate  the  abolition  of  all  special  privilege  legisla- 
tion. 3d.  To  advocate  the  adoption  of  the  Australian  system  of  voting. 
Any  person  in  sympathy  with  the  principles  and  objects  of  the  club  may 
become  a  member.  Four  months  dues  must  be  paid  in  advance.  Regular 
dues  twenty-five  cents  per  month. 

South  Side  Medical  Club. — This  club  was  organized  in  1889  upon  the  plan 
of  the  Sunset  Club,  and  has  among  its  members  many  of  the  leading  physi- 
cians of  the  South  side  of  Chicago.  Meetings  are  held  once  a  month  to  dis- 
cuss leading  medical  topics. 


258  GTttDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

South  Water  St.  Commercial  Clu b.— Composed  of  South  Water  st.  com- 
mission  men.  Organized  1893,  for  social  purposes. 

Standard  Club.— Located  at  Michigan  ave.  und  Twenty-fourth  st.  Take 
Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  Organized  in  1869.  The  leading  Jewish  club  of  the 
city.  Occupies  one  of  the  most  elegant  and  complete  club  houses  in  Chi- 
cago. The  club  is  magnificently  furnished.  Membership  limited  to  409, 
and  is  complete.  Admission  fee,  $500;  annual  dues,  $80. 

Sunset  Club.— Founded  in  1889  on  the  principles  of  the  Twilight  Club  of 
New  York  and  the  Seven  O'Clock  Club  of  Washington.  It  takes  its  motto 
from  Herbert  Spencer's  line:  "We  have  had  somewhat  too  much  of  'The 
Gospel  of  Work,'  it  is  time  to  preach  'The  Gospel  of  Relaxation.'"  Meets 
every  other  Thursday  at  one  of  the  leading  hotels  at  a  quarter  past  six,  at 
which  time  a  dinner  is  served  and  short  talks  are  heard  from  members  or 
invited  guests  on  questions  of  current  interest  or  importance,  the  object  of 
the  club  being  to  foster  rational  good  fellowship  and  tolerant  discussion 
among  business  and  professional  men  of  all  classes. 

Tippecanoe  Club.— A  gentlemen's  political  (Republican)  club.  Meets 
once  a  month  at  the  Grand  Pacific  hotel. 

Union  Club.— Located  on  Washington  pi.  and  Dearborn  ave.,  North  side. 
TakeN.  Clark  st.  cable  line  or  N.  State  st.  car.  Organized  in  1878.  Formerly 
occupied  the  Ogden  residence,  recently  torn  away  to  make  room  for  the  great 
Newberry  library.  The  present  structure  is  a  handsome  one  and  is  beauti- 
fully arranged  and  furnished.  It  is  a  strictly  social  club  and  very  exclusive. 
The  active  membership  is  limited  to  600,  but  only  450  are  on  the  roll.  Admis- 
sion fee,  $100;  annual  dues,  $60. 

Union  League  Club. — Located  on  Jackson  st.  and  'Fourth  ave.,  fronting 
the  south  end  of  custom-house  and  post-office.  The  great  general  com- 
mercial and  professional  club  of  the  city.  Incorporated  1879,  with  the 
declared  object  of  encouraging  and  promoting,  by  moral,  social  and  politi- 
cal influence,  unconditional  loyalty  to  the  Federal  Government,  and  of 
defending  and  protecting  the  integrity  and  prosperity  of  the  nation;  of  in- 
culcating a  higher  appreciation  of  the  value  and  sacred  obligations  of  citi- 
zenship; of  maintaining  the  civil  and  political  equality  of  all  citizens  in 
every  section  of  our  common  country,  and  of  aiding  in  the  enforcement  of 
all  laws  enacted  to  preserve  the  purity  of  the  ballot-box,  resisting  and  ex- 
posing corruption,  promoting  economy  in  office  and  securing  honesty  and 
efficiency  in  the  administration  of  national,  state  and  municipal  affairs. 
The  political  complexion  of  the  club  is  strongly  Republican,  but  it  is  con- 
ducted on  strictly  non-partisan  principles.  It  has  a  splendid  library.  The 
house  is  centrally  located  and  is  the  popular  luncheon  quarters  for  business 
and  professional  members.  It  has  a  ladies'  department,  elegantly  fitted  up. 
The  east  entrance  is  used  exclusively  for  ladies  with  escorts.  It  is  not  pos- 
sible for  strangers  to  visit  the  apartments  of  the  club,  save  when  accom- 
panied by  a  member,  nor  are  meals  served  to  non-members  who  are  resi- 
dents of  the  city,  when  accompanied  by  a  member,  save  by  special  permis- 
sion. Members,  however,  may  take  strangers  in  the  city  to  the  cafe  at  any 
time.  The  Union  League  entertains  in  a  princely  fashion. 

Union  l^teran  Club. — An  association  of  Veterans  of  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion.  The  club  is  in  a  healthy  condition  as  to  membership  and  finan- 
ces. Meets  at  Veteran  Protective  Association  hall,  S.  W.  Cor.  Michigan  ave. 
and  Thirteenth  st. 

University  Club. — Located  in  the  University  building,  Dearborn  st.  and 
C'alhouu  place.  Composed  of  graduates  of  the  vai-ious  colleges  and  uni- 
versities. The  building  is  built  of  brown  stone  to  the  third  story.  All  above 
the  third  floor  is  occupied  by  the  University  club.  The  apartments  are 
handsomely  furnished.  There  are  reception  rooms,  parlors,  billiard  rooms, 
card  rooms,  etc.,  and  all  the  comforts  of  a  modern  club  house.  The  Uni- 
versity Club  has  a  large  membership  and  is  prosperous. 

University  of  Illinois  Alumni  Club.— Location,  17,  19  and  21  Congress 
st.,  opposite  Auditorium.  Composed  of  graduates  of  the  University  of 
Illinois  at  Champaign.  A  seven  story  building  is  planned  for  the  future. 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  259 

Washington  Park  Club.— Situated  at  South  Pai-k  ave.  and  Sixty-first  st. 
Take  Cottage  (jrove  ave.  cable  line.  Organized  1883.  Occupies  an  unpre- 
tentious though  commodious  club  house,  within  the  grounds  of  the  Wash- 
ington club  racing  park,  south  of  Washington  Park.  It  is  a  combination 
of  the  higher  class  of  sporting,  country  and  city  clubs,  members  of  nearly 
all  the  other  leading  clubs  being  connected  with  it.  The  club  house  is 
more  in  the  nature  of  a  rendezvous  than  a  resort.  The  racing  meetings  of 
the  Washington  Park  Club  are  of  national  celebrity.  The  club  house  is 
handsomely  fitted  up  for  the  comfort  of  the  members  and  the  ladies  of  the 
members'  families.  The  admission  fee  is  $150,  from  the  payment  of  which 
subscribers  for  $1,000  or  more  of  the  capital  stock  and  officers  of  the  U.  S. 
Army  and  Navy  are  exempt ;  annual  dues,  $40. 

Whitechapel  Club.— Located  in  the  rear  of  173  Calhoun  pi.  Organized  in 
October,  1889.  The  object  of  the  club  is  given  on  the  charter  as  "Social 
Reform."  The  purposes  of  the  club  are  purely  social,  and  the  intention  in 
forming  it  being  to  band  together  professional  and  literary  men  of  con- 
genial habit.  Business  meetings  are  held  once  a  week.  It  is  ciistomary  to 
pei'mit  residents  of  Chicago  to  visit  the  club  rooms  and  inspect  the  extremely 
unique  decorations  on  Saturday.  The  visitor  must  be  vouched  for  by  a  mem- 
ber of  the  club.  It  is  customary,  once  a  month,  to  hold  a  social  meeting  called 
a,  "  Symposium,"  to  which  guests  are  invited  by  the  club  and  by  individual 
members.  The  initiation  fee  is  $50,  and  one  objection  from  any  member 
bars  an  applicant  from  admission. 

CLUBS— LITERARY. 

Back  Lot  Societies  of  Evanston. — Organized  for  the  purpose  of  giving 
the  boys  and  girls  of  Evanston  an  opportunity  of  hearing  from  distinguished 
men  and  women  the  discussion  of  questions  of  important  current 
topics.  The  organization  of  the  Boys'  Back  Lot  Society  was  fostered 
principally  by  Mr.  Volney  W.  Foster,  who  gave  up  for  the  use  of  the  boys  a 
building  in  the  rear  of  his  residence  at  Evanston,  from  which  fact  the  title 
"Back  Lot "  is  taken.  Mr.  Foster  interested  many  other  prominent  people 
in  the  movement  and  now  the  boys'  society  meets  in  larger  and  better  quar- 
ters. At  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Foster,  also  the  Women's  Club  of  Evanston, 
in  1892,  took  up  the  matter  of  organizing  a  girls'  club  or  society  on  the  same 
principle.  An  advisory  committee,  each  of  whom  is  to  be  responsible  for 
three  talks,  was  selected. 

Beseda  (Bohemian  Reading  Club).— Meets  Tuesdays  and  Saturdays  at  74 
W.  Taylor  st. 

Club  Litteraire  Francais. — Club  rooms  45  E.  Randolph  st.  Organized  1872. 
The  membership  is  composed  of  abo.ut  half  French  people  and  half  Ameri- 
cans, and  between  the  program  numbers  are  intermissions  for  conver- 
sation, which,  according  to  club  regulations,  shall  be  in  French  only.  It 
meets  every  Saturday  evening  for  a  social  reception,  a  short  musical  pro- 
gram, or  a  French  play,  sometimes  a  blending  of  all  three,  varied  by  mon- 
ologues and  essays,  though  the  latter  are  considered  a  trifle  monotonous 
and  not  volatile  enough  for  "  Lalange  Francaise."  The  dramatic  perform- 
ances  are  the  club's  pride.  They,  like  all  else  on  the  program,*are  entirely 
French,  but  they  are  admirably  conducted. 

Library  Club,  The  Chicago.— The  library  club  is  precisely  the  kind  of  an 
organization  that  might  be  expected  from  its  caption.  It  is  comprised  of 
many  men  of  many  books,  and  is  a  comparatively  recent  association.  The 
mere  fact  that  such  a  club  can  exist  and  prosper  is  a  significant  one,  and 
with  a  great  truth  underlying  it.  Unless  a  city  were  well  equipped  with 
library  centers  in  its  different  districts,  a  library  club  would  be  impossible. 
But  Chicago  is  a  city  of  splendid  libraries,  from  the  great  free  center,  with 
its  183,000  books,  and  the  Newberry  reference  library,  with  90,000  books,  all 
along  the  gamut  of  the  Hammond  Theological,  the  Chicago  University,  the 
Academy  of  Sciences,  the  Chicago  Historical  Society,  and  the  Northwestern 
University  libraries.  Besides  these,  are  the  libraries  connected  with  the 
Baptist  Union,  the  Presbyterian  Seminary,  and  St.  Ignatius  College,  and  the 


260  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Law  Institute,  together  with  a  host  of  public  school  and  smaller  libraries. 
From  all  these  sources  have  been  drawn  the  membership  of  the  Library 
club.  There  are  no  club  rooms,  as  the  club  proposes  meeting1  around  in  the 
various  libraries,  a  sort  of  itinerant  fellowship  all  through,  becoming  famil- 
iar with  each  other  and  with  the  different  libraries  at  one  and  the  same 
time. 

Literary  Club,  The  Chicago. — One  of  the  oldest  and  most  prominent  of  the 
culture  organizations  of  Chicago.  Organized,  March,  1874.  Meets  every 
Monday  evening:  holds  receptions  every  fifth  Monday.  Meets  in  the  Art 
Institute  building. 

Papyrus  Club.—  Organized,  September  14,  1891.  The  club  is  entirely  given 
over  to  the  literati,  and  is  modeled  after  the  Papyrus  club  of  Boston.  The 
only  people  eligible  for  membership  in  the  Papyrus  are  writers,  publishers, 
artists  and  booksellers. 

Saracen  Club.—  Organized  1876.  The  originators  of  the  club  were  Henry 
W.  Fuller  and  Dr.  Samuel  Willard.  The  Latin  motto  affixed  to  its  name, 
freely  translated,  reads:  "This  name  will  serve  in  lieu  of  a  better."  There 
is  no  club  house,  and  the  meetings,  of  which  there  are  eight  a  year,  are  held 
at  the  homes  of  the  members.  The  main  object  of  the  club  is  the  critical  dis- 
cussion of  ideas  and  literature,  with  the  incidental  opportunity  for  social 
intercourse.  Membership,  which  includes  both  sexes,  is  limited  to  eighty; 
but  each  member  has  the  privilege  of  inviting  guests  to  any  meeting. 

Tuesday  Reading  Club.— Organized  in  1891,  Mrs.  Jean  M.  Waldron,a  pro- 
minent North  side  woman,  being  its  originator.  As  the  club  meets  at  the 
respective  homes  of  the  members,  there  is  afforded  a  charming  opportunity 
for  sociability,  a  factor  which  never  has  been  overlooked.  Light  refresh- 
ments are  served,  and  sometimes  the  ladies  sit  down  to  a  dainty  luncheon. 
But  the  literary  part  is  counted  as  the  first  and  greatest  part  of  the  club's 
existence. 

Twentieth  Century  Club.— Established  November  9,  1880,  very  much  on 
the  plan  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  club  of  New  York.  It  is  a  club  which 
admits  both  ladies  and  gentlemen.  The  object  of  the  club  is  the  promotion 
of  serious  thought  upon  art,  science  and  literature,  and  the  entertainment 
of  distinguished  men  and  women  of  other  cities  of  this  and  other  countries. 
Such  individuals  as  have  achieved  distinction  in  their  respective  depart- 
ments of  knowledge  are  invited  to  meet  the  club  and  speak  before  it. 

CLUBS— SOCIAL. 

Acacia  Club.— A.  social  organization,  105  Ashland  ave.,  West  side. 

jEolus  Club.— A.  social  organization. 

Carleton  Club.— A.  South  side  social  organization.  Meets  at  3800  Vin- 
cennes  ave. 

Church  Club. — Organized  December,  1890.  Located  on  the  fourth  floor 
of  the  High  bldg.,  No.  103  Adams  st.  This  is  an  Episcopalian  organization, 
and  its  object  is  to  bring  into  closer  relations  the  clergy  and  the  laymen  of 
the  diocese  and  to  provide  a  place  of  meeting  for  such  as  the  board  of 
missions,  the  standing  committee,  the  St.  Andrews  Brotherhood,  the  trus- 
tees of  the  Theological  Seminary,  the  Girls'  Friendly  Organization,  the 
Women's  Auxiliary,  and  every  other  work  of  the  church,  including  diocesan 
offices  where  the  Rt.  Rev.  the  Bishop  of  Chicago  and  the  Archdeacon  can 
meet  the  clergy  and  laymen,  and  transact  any  business  pertaining  to  the 
diocese.  Reading  and  reception  rooms  are  open  to  members  and  visitors 
from  9  a.  m.  till  5  p.  m.  daily,  except  Sunday.  Regular  meetings  of  the  club 
are  held  on  the  first  Thursday  in  each  month  at  8  p.  m. 

Clarendon  Club.— A.  social  organization  composed  of  Israelites.  The 
membership,  however,  is  not  limited  to  those  of  Hebrew  race  or  creed.  The 
membership  includes  many  of  the  leading  Hebrews  of  the  city. 

Congregational  Club,  The  Chicago.— Composed  of  members  of  the  Con- 
gregational churches  of  Chicago  and  vicinity,  for  the  purpose  of  bringing 


262  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

about  a  more  friendly  and^ntimate  acquaintance ;  to  promote  the  spiritual 
and  intellectual  culture  of  its  members,  to  secure  concert  of  action  and  to 
promote  the  general  interests  of  the  cause  of  Christ  as  represented  by 
these  churches.  Membership  limited  to  400. 

Douglas  Club.— Located  at  3518  Ellis  ave.  Organized  April,  1885.  Occu- 
pies a  three  story  and  basement  building,  formerly  a  dwelling,  which  has 
been  remodeled.  There  is  a  beautiful  lawn  in  fi'ont  and  on  the  sides  of  the 
house.  In  the  basement  are  bowling  alleys;  on  the  first  floor  are  the  danc- 
ing hall,  ladies' reception  room,  library  and  reading  room;  on  the  second 
floor  are  dressing  and  private  rooms;  on  the  third  floor  is  a  large  hall  fitted 
up  with  portable  machinery,  where  dramatic  entertainments  are  given  by 
members  of  the  club.  Ladies  of  each  member's  family,  and  males  from 
fourteen  to  twenty-one,  are  entitled  to  the  privileges  of  the  club,  subject  to 
certain  restrictions.  Admission  fee,  $25;  dues,  $30  per  annum. 

Douglas  Park  Club. — A  West  side  social  organization  of  prominence. 
Meets  903  S.  Sawyer  ave. 

Harvard  Club.—  Organized  1888.  Club  house  located  at  Sixty-third  and 
Harvard  sts.,  Englewood.  A  social  organization.  It  has  a  large  member- 
ship and  gives  frequent  receptions  through  the  season. 

Ideal  Club.— A.  social  organization;  meets  at  531  and  533  Wells  st. 

Lafayette  Club. — A  social  organization  of  the  South  side.  This  club 
gives  twelve  dances  each  year,  nine  at  Douglas  Hall  and  three  at  Jackson 
Park  pavillion. 

Lotus  Social  Club. — Composed  of  the  leading  colored  people  of  the  city. 
Has  handsome  club  house  at  1165  Washington  blvd.  The  basement  is 
devoted  to  billiards,  pool,  and  the  buffet.  On  the  first  floor  are  the  parlors 
and  the  reading  and  lounging  rooms.  The  card  rooms  are  on  the  second 
floor.  Purely  a  social  club. 

Minneola  Club.— A.  social  organization.  Meets  at  residences  of  members. 

Minnette  Club.— A.  social  organization  of  the  West  side.  Membership 
about  200.  Successor  to  the  Minnette  Dance  Club. 

Minnette  Club. — A  popular  social  organization  of  the  West  side,  organ- 
ized in  1892.  Club  rooms,  Campbell  ave.  and  Monroe  st.  Membership  250. 

Munchausen  Club.— A.  North  side  social  club,  the  male  members  of  which 
are  designated  as  "Barons."'  Leading  literary,  newspaper,  professional 
men  and  politicians  are  membars.  Gives  an  annual  dinner. 

Newsboys  Club. — Occupies  rooms  1  and  2  in  the  Imperial  Building. 
The  club  is  in  a  flourishing  condition.  It  has  a  good  library.  Well-behaved 
newsboys  are  admitted  to  membership. 

North  Shore  Club. — A  family  club.  Has  entertainments  of  different 
kinds  two  or  three  times  a  week  during  the  winter,  for  the  members,  their 
wives  and  children.  Lawn  tennis,  etc.,  in  the  summer.  Club  house  and 
grounds  open  to  the  ladies  of  members'  families  at  all  times. 

Ottaiva  Club. — A  social  organization,  meets  at  residences. 

Ryder  C!ub. — A  social  organization,  composed  of  members  of  St.  Paul's 
Unitarian  Church. 

Webster  Cl  ub.— Composed  of  young  men  and  organized-for  social  pui*poses. 

CLUBS— STATE  SOCIAL  ORGANIZATIONS. 

The  American  population  of  Chicago  is  composed  in  great  part  of  natives 
of  other  sections  of  the  United  States.  The  States  of  Indiana,  Kentucky, 
Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Con- 
necticut, Rhode  Island  and  Massachusetts  are  very  largely  represented  here 
among  the  mercantile  and  professional  classes.  The  natives  of  a  number  of 
the  states  have  formed  themselves  into  organizations  of  a  social  character, 
which  are  referred  to  below. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  263 

California  Pioneers,  Western  Association  of.—  Organized,  December  14, 
1889.  The  society  is  composed  of  persons  who  crossed  the  plains  or  around 
the  horn  and  isthmus  in  '49  and  '50.  Its  meetings  are  held  at  the  Grand 
Pacific  hotel  on  the  first  Saturday  of  each  month,  in  club  room  A,  at  2:30p.  M., 
and  its  annual  banquet  and  election  of  officers  is  held  on  the  18th  of  January 
in  each  and  every  year,  in  commemoration  of  the  day  on  which  gold  was  first 
discovered  in  California,  January  18,  1818.  Admission  day  is  celebrated 
September  9th  by  a  picnic  in  some  of  the  many  parks  in  commemoration  of 
the  admission  of  the  State  into  the  Union,  1850. 

Chicago,  Sons  of. — Organized,  1892.  Native  born  Chicagoans  are  alone 
eligible  to  membership. 

Connecticut,  Sons  of.—  Organized,  1891.  Requisite  for  membership,  birth 
in  the  state  of  Connecticut.  Object,  to  promote  the  interests  of  that  state  in 
the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  and  for  social  purposes. 

Delaware,  Sons  of.  —Organized  June  20,  1890;  membership  about  35- 
Requisite  to  membership,  birth  in  the  state  of  Delaware.  A  social  organi. 
zation ;  initiation  fee,  $2.00. 

Indiana,  Sons  of. — Organized  December  20,  1890.  Present  membership, 
about  125.  Requisites  for  membership,  former  residence  in  the  state  of 
Indiana,  present  residence  in  Cook  county,  Illinois.  Meetings  held  quar- 
terly, first  Tuesdays  in  January,  April,  July  and  October,  at  such  places  as 
may  be  named  by  the  president.  First  banquet  held  February  24,  1891,  in 
celebration  of  the  anniversary  of  the  capture  of  Vincennes  by  George 
Rogers  Clark.  The  date  of  the  annual  banquets  is  fixed  at  December  11,  in 
celebration  of  the  admission  of  Indiana  as  a  state  into  the  Union.  Initia- 
tion fee,  $1.00;  annual  dues,  $1.00.  Assessments  are  made  to  meet  expenses 
of  banquets,  etc. 

Louisiana,  Sons  o/.— Organized  May  1,  1889.  Membership,  about  50. 
Reqiiisite  for  membership,  former  residence  in  the  state  of  Louisiana.  Ini' 
tiation  fee,  $2.00;  dues,  $6.00  per  annum;  meets  first  Monday  of  each  month. 

Maine,  Sons  of. — Organized  April  3,  1880.  Present  membership,  about 
200.  Requisite  for  membership,  birth  in  the  state  of  Maine,  regardless  of 
sex.  No  stated  place  of  meeting,  one  of  the  leading  hotels  being  usually 
selected  for  semi-annual  gatherings  and  banquets.  Initiation  fee,  $1.00; 
annual  dues,  $1.00.  Assessments  are  made  to  cover  expenses  incurred. 

Massachusetts  Society. — Organized  November  12,  1889.  Present  member- 
ship, about  200.  Meets  semi-annually  at  the  Grand  ^Pacific  hotel.  The 
object  of  the  association,  as  stated  in  the  by-laws,  is  '•  to  cherish  the  mem- 
ory of  our  mother  state,  to  acknowledge  our  love  and  fidelity  to  her,  to  per- 
petuate her  memory  to  those  who  come  after  us,  and  to  maintain  a  patri- 
otic love  and  devotion  to  our  common  country,  composed  of  all  states." 
Any  citizen  of  Illinois  born  in  Massachusetts,  or  formerly  residing  there,  is 
eligible  to  membership. 

Michigan,  Sons  of. — A-society  composed  of  former  residents  of  Michi- 
gan. The  object  of  the  club  is  to  provide  entertainment  to  Michigan  peo- 
ple coming  here  during  the  World's  Fair. 

New  York,  Sons  of.— An  association  of  the  natives  of  the  State  of  New 
York  was  formed  early  in  September,  1889,  and  was  incorporated  on  Janu- 
ary 2,  1890.  The  principal  object  of  the  association  is  the  occasional  bring- 
ing together  at  re-unions  of  the  resident  men  and  women  who  hail  from  the 
Empire  State  for  the  purpose  of  social  intercourse,  to  renew  past  acquain- 
tance, form  new  friendships  and  cultivate  the  amenities  incidental  to  a  com- 
mon citizenship.  The  society  has  a  membership  hailing  from  every  county 
in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  many  of  whom  were  formerly  friends  and 
neighbors.  Meets  once  a  month  at  the  Sherman  House. 

North  Pacific  Association. — Includes  former  residents  and  natives  of 
Alaska,  Washington,  Idaho  and  Montana.  Object,  to  bring  together  former 
residents  of  the  sections  named  in  order  to  advance  the  interests  of  that 
division  of  the  Union. 


264  GUIDE    TO   CHICAGO. 

Ohio  Society  of  Chicago.— Organized  April  29,  1890.  The  society  meets 
quarterly,  on  the  first  Tuesdays  in  January,  April,  July  and  October.  The 
annual  meeting  is  held  on  April  30th.  Any  person  over  eighteen  years  of 
age,  of  good  moral  character,  and  who  is  a  native,  or  the  son  of  a  native,  of 
the  State  of  Ohio,  or  has  been  a  resident  of  Ohio  for  a  period  of  five  years, 
may  be  admitted  as  an  active  member.  Any  person  of  the  age  and  char- 
acter and  similiarly  qualified,  residing  in  Ohio  or  born  therein,  or  having 
been  a  resident  thereof  for  five  years,  and  residing  elsewhere  than  in  the 
city  of  Chicago,  and  not  within  fifty  miles  thereof,  may  be  admitted  as  a 
non-resident  member.  Non-resident  members  are  entitled  to  all  the  privil- 
eges of  the  society,  except  that  they  shall  not  vote  or  hold  office.  Admission 
fee,  $10;  annual  dues,  $5;  non-resident  members'  admission  fee,  $5;  no  dues. 

Sons  of  Pennsylvania. — Organized  December,  1889;  present  membership 
about  300.  The  association  is  comprised:  1st,  of  native  born  or  resident 
Pennsylvanians ;  2d,  of  former  citizens  of  Pennsylvania,  who  have  resided  at 
least  ten  years  in  the  state;  3d,  of  those  who  have  been  connected  with  the 
university,  or  any  of  the  colleges,  scientific  or  professional  institutes  of 
Pennsylvania;  4, of  those  who  served  during  the  war  in  any  Pennsylvania 
regiment,  and  may  also  include  as  members  those  still  residing  in  Penn- 
sylvania. 

Rhode  Island  Society.— Organized  November  12,  1889.  Present  member- 
ship about  100.  Initiation  fee,  $1.00;  annual  dues,  $1.00.  Meets  annually 
on  the  first  Tuesday  in  October  at  such  place  as  the  president  may  direct. 
Other  meetings  may  be  called  during  the  year.  The  preamble  to  the  consti- 
tution sets  forth  the  purpose  of  the  association  as  that  of  "  promoting  more 
intimate  acquaintance  with  each  other,  cultivating  and  keeping  alive  the 
associations  and  reviving  the  recollections  of  our  native  state,  and  to  the 
end  that  we  may  the  better  act  in  regard  to  all  matters  pertaining  to  the 
common  interests  of  the  state  of  Rhode  Island  and  the  city  and  state  of  our 
adoption."  The  membership  of  this  association  consists  "  of  gentlemen 
and  ladies  who  were  born  in  Rhode  Island,  residing  in  Illinois  at  the  time  of 
joining  the  association,  and  such  other  gentlemen  as  claim  to  be  Rhode 
Islanders,  or  who  served  in  any  Rhode  Island  regiment  during  the  war,  or 
who  have  been  connected  with  Brown  University,  and  shall  be  recommended 
by  the  membership  committee,  upon  their  signing  the  constitution  and 
by-laws  and  paying  the  required  fee." 

Vermont,  Sons  of. — Organized  January  10, 1877.  Object,  the  perpetuation 
of  the  memory  of  the  mother  state,  and  social  intercourse  among  her  sons. 
Originally  it  was  requisite  that  an  applicant  for  membership  should  be  a 
native  of  Vermont,  but  by  a  recent  amendment  to  the  constitution  sons  of 
Vermonters  over  age  of  eighteen  are  eligible.  Males  only  are  admitted  to 
membership.  No  stated  place  of  meeting,  but  one  banquet  is  given  annu- 
ally at  one  of  the  leading  hotels.  The  associaiion  meets  semi-annually  for 
business  purposes.  The  annual  banquet  occurs  on  the  17th  of  January,  in 
celebration  of  the  independence  of  the  state  of  Vermont. 

CLUBS— SUBURBAN. 

Son  Ami  Club,  of  Wilmette.— Located  at  Wilmette,  a  suburb  of  Chicago, 
fourteen  miles  from  the  Court  House.  The  organization  is  for  social  pur- 
poses strictly. 

Casino  Club  of  Edyewater.—  Patterned  after  the  Country  Club  of  Evanston. 
The  Casino  bldg.  contains  ten  rooms,  including  parlors,  reading  rooms,  ball 
room,  billiard  room,  bowling  alleys,  etc.  Location,  Cor.  Hollywood  and 
Winthrop  ave.  [See  "  Edgewater."] 

Conference  Club  of  Evanston.— Organized  in  1890.  Its  object,  "to  call 
together  gentlemen  of  different  professions  and  opinions  to  discuss  present- 
day  topics,"  has  been  salutary.  A  dinner  is  served  monthly  during  the  win- 
ter, of  which  notice  is  given  to  members,  and  the  topic  for  discussion  is 
announced.  Two  gentlemen  particularly  interested  in  or  familiar  with  the 
subject  are  chosen  to  give  twenty-minute  addresses,  after  which  any  mem- 
ber may  speak  upon  the  assigned  subject. 


206  GUIDE    TO   CHICAGO. 

Cosmopolitan  Club  of  Evanston. — The  Cosmopolitan  Club  of  Evanston 
was  organized  in  October,  1891,  the  avowed  object  being  to  furnish  co-nfort- 
able  rooms  where  brain  and  brawn  workers  might  meet  on  a  common  footing 
and  enjoy  a  pleasant  hour  in  reading,  games  and  conversation ;  an  object 
that  has  been  well  carried  out. 

Evanston  Boat  Club.— [See  "Clubs— Athletic  and  Sporting."] 

Evanston  Club.— Located  at  the  suburb  of  Evanston.  Club  house  at  Chi- 
cago ave.  and  Grove  st.  The  club  is  open  every  day  in  the  week  from  7 
o'clock  in  the  morning  until  midnight.  The  interior  of  the  house  is  modestly 
beautiful.  The  Evanston  club  is  not  a  club  in  the  usual  sense  of  that  word. 
It  is  a  pleasant  rendezvous  where  gentlemen  and  their  families  may  meet 
for  recreation  and  amusement  and  for  the  promotion  of  social  culture. 

Evanston  Country  Club. — A  social  organization  of  the  suburb  of  Evan- 
ston. Former  homeoftae  club  known  as  "The  Shelter,"  was  located  on  Hin- 
man  ave.  and  Clark  st.  Present  clubhouse,  located  on  Oak  ave.  and  Lake  st. 
Opened  in  the  winter  of  1892.  This  house  is  one  of  the  finest  of  the  kind  in 
existence.  It  is  the  leading  club  of  the  village  from  May  until  November, 
and  has  a  quasi  connection  with  the  Evanston  Boat  club  and  other  social 
organizations.  Frequent  receptions,  band  concerts,  boating  parties,  etc., 
occur  during  the  season.  The  membership  is  about  450,  equally  divided 
between  ladies  and  gentlemen.  The  directorate  is  composed  of  twenty 
ladies  and  eleven  gentlemen.  It  is  a  custom  of  the  club  to  have  one  of  the 
directorate  ladies,  one  afterooon  and  evening  of  each  week,  act  the  part  of 
hostess,  presiding  over  the  tea  tables  and  receiving  the  guests.  The  active 
committee  is  termed  the  house  and  grounds  committee.  The  responsibility 
of  success  or  failure  of  the  season  rests  with  this  committee,  and  the 
appointment  is  no  sinecure. 

Highland  Park  Club. — Located  at  Central  and  Lake  aves,  Highland  Park. 
The  club  house  spans  a  ravine,  giving  the  building  the  appearance  of  an 
arched  bridge.  The  tower  of  the  building  is  of  pressed  brick.  The  club  is  a 
family  organization.  Organized,  1891. 

Idleu'ild  Club  of  Enanston. — The  Idlewild  Club  of  Evanston  is  an  organi- 
zation composed  of  the  younger  men  of  the  suburb.  They  have  commodious 
quarters  on  Davis  St.,  known  as  Idlewild  hall,  and  occupy  all  the  second 
story  of  one  and  the  greater  portion  of  another  of  the  larger  business  blocks, 
and  consists  of  the  largest  hall  in  the  village,  together  with  reading  and 
billiard  rooms.  The  special  feature  of  this  club  is  winter  balls. 

Irving  Club. — Located  at  Irving  Park,  a  suburb  of  Chicago,  organized 
in  1890.  This  club  has  an  elegant  home.  The  Irving  club  house  occupies  a 
commanding  position,  well  back  in  a  beautiful  stretch  of  ground  near  the 
center  of  the  little  suburb.  The  club  house  is  very  neatly  furnished,  all  of 
its  decorations  being  selected  in  extremely  good  taste. 

LaGrange  Club.—  Located  at  LaGrange,  a  suburb  of  Chicago.  A  social 
club;  membership  100;  fee  $10,  dues $20 annually. 

Ivanhoe  Club.— Located  at  South  Evanston.  Organized,  1891.  Object, 
the  promotion  of  social  intercourse  between  members  and  their  families. 

Oaks,  of  Austin. — Located  in  their  own  building  at  Austin,  one-half  mile 
west  of  city  limits.  Has  very  handsome  quarters,  consisting  of  a  reception 
hall,  parlors,  card  and  billiard  rooms,  banquet  hall,  etc.  The  club  has  faci- 
lities for  giving  amateur  theatrical  performances. 

Oak  Park  Club.— Located  at  Oak  Park,  a  suburb  of  Chicago.  A  social 
and  family  club. 

Woodlawn  Park  Club.— Located  at  Woodlawn  Park,  has  a  membership  of 
over  one  hundred.  A  handsome  home  was  erected  for  this  club  in  189:3.  It  is 
a  three-story  brick,  Queen  Ann  style  of  architecture,  and  is  equipped  with 
all  modern  conveniences. 

CLUBS— WOMEN'S. 

Chicago  Women's  Club.— Organized  in  1876  by  Mrs.  Caroline  M.  Brown, 
who  served  as  president  for  three  years.  The  object  of  the  club,  as  defined 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  267 

in  the  constitution,  is  "  mutual  sympathy  and  counsel  and  united  effort 
toward  the  higher  civilization  of  humanity  and  general  philanthropic  and 
literary  work."  The  club  is  divided  into  six  departments,  as  follows: 
Reform,  philanthropy,  home,  education,  art  and  literature,  philosophy  and 
science.  The  regular  meetings  of  the  club  are  held  on  the  first  and  third 
Wednesdays  of  the  month,  with  a  business  session  on  the  fourth  Wednesday. 
The  exercises  consist  of  papers  and  discussions  on  topics  connected  with  the 
work  of  the  different  departments.  Much  outside  work  of  a  philanthropic, 
reformatory  and  educational  nature  is  also  done  by  the  club.  The  work  of 
placing  women  physicians  in  the  asylum  at  Jefferson  to  take  charge  of  women 
patients  and  of  securing  the  appointment  of  women  as  matrons  in  the  jail  and 
at  the  police  stations  was  accomplished  by  the  club,  as  well  as  that  of  pro- 
curing the  appointment  of  women  on  the  school  board.  The  first  free  kin- 
dergarten was  established  through  the  efforts  of  this  society,  which  also 
raised  among  its  members  and  outside  friends  nearly  $40,000  for  the  Boys' 
Industi-ial  School  atGlenwood.  Three  independent  organizations  owe  their 
existence  to  the  Women's  club,  viz. :  the  Physiological  society,  the  Protec- 
tive agency  for  women  and  children,  and  the  Industrial  Arts  association. 
The  last  named  society  had  for  its  direct  object  the  indroduction  of  manual 
training  in  the  lower  grades  of  the  public  schools.  For  four  years  its  work, 
aided  by  the  Decorative  Art  association,  was  successfully  carried  on  through 
mission  schools,  the  Boys'  Industrial  school  at  Glenwood,  together  with  the 
forming  of  free  classes  for  the  instruction  of  teachers.  It  first  petitioned  the 
Board  of  Education  for  trial  schools  in  1887  and  again  in  1892,  three  of  which 
have  been  established.  Classes  for  instruction  in  the  special  subjects  in 
their  charge  are  held  by  the  two  literary  departments  of  the  Women's  club. 
Membership  is  obtained  by  ballot  and  the  payment  of  an  initiation  fee  of 
$15;  annual  dues,  $10.  Meets  at  the  Athenaeum  building. 

Chicago  Amateur  Press  Club. — A  local  organization  of  The  Western 
Amateur  Press  association,  which  embraces  all  states  West  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, and  Ohio.  Indiana,  Illlinois,  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Ken- 
tucky, Tennessee  and  Louisiana.  The  local  club  has  independent  officers.  It 
is  composed  entirely  of  young  women. 

Foreign  Book  Club.— Composed  of  ladies  of  the  North  side  who  read 
foreign  literature.  Its  membership  is  small. 

Fortnightly  Club  of  Chicago.— Meets  Fridays  at  2:30  P.M.  at  Athesenum, 
Michigan  ave.  and  Van  Buren  st.  Organized  as  a  Woman's  Club  in  1873  by 
Mrs.  Kate  Newell  Doggett.  Intended  originally  as  a  Woman's  Suffrage 
Organization,  in  which  men  and  women  should  hold  membership.  Now 
devoted  to  social  intercourse  and  intellectual  culture.  The  work  of  this 
association  is  arranged  on  a  carefully  considered  plan,  which  secures  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject  to  be  treated  at  each  meeting.  Each 
writer  has  a  year  in  which  to  master  the  subject  she  is  to  present,  and,  as 
the  writer  of  an  essay  remarked,  "To  prepare  a  paper  for  the  Fortnightly 
is  to  add  a  good  deal  to  your  education,  it  matters  not  how  liberal  it  may 
be."  The  work  of  the  club  for  the  year  is  divided  into  two  courses,  the  con- 
tinuous course  of  study  and  the  miscellaneous  course  A  committee  of  five 
members  takes  charge  of  the  continuous  course,  which  is  represented  by  a 
paper  at  one  of  the  two  meetings  that  occur  each  month,  and  another  com- 
mittee of  the  same  number  directs  the  miscellaneous  course,  which  pre- 
sents a  paper  on  the  alternate  day.  At  each  of  the  meetings,  which  occur 
the  first  and  third  Fridays  in  the  month,  a  well  prepared  and  brilliant  dis- 
cussion under  appointed  leaders  follows  the  paper.  The  discussion  over, 
tea  and  cake  are  served  and  a  delightful  social  ho\ir  closes  the  meeting,  at 
which  the  visitor  will  observe  that  the  strictest  parliamentary  forms,  as 
well  as  the  latest  behest  of  fashion,  are  carefully  obeyed.  The  membership 
of  "The  Fortnightly  of  Chicago,"  is  limited  to  175.  The  initiation  fee  and 
also  the  yearly  dues  is  $12. 

Fortnightly  Club  of  Evanston.—A  woman's  social  and  literary  club. 
Membership  limited  to  twenty-five.  Meets  at  the  residences  of  members 
for  readings  and  conversation.  Especial  interest  manifested  in  art  matters. 


268  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Girls'"  Mutual  Benefit  Club.— Organized  in  November,  183  J;  located  at 
100  Cornelia  st.  The  institution  was  established  solely  through  the  efforts 
of  a  few  energetic  young  ladies  of  the  Third  Presbyterian,  First  Congrega- 
tional and  the  Epiphany  Episcopal  Churches.  Nearly  one  hundred  work- 
ing girls  nightly  receive  instructions  in  those  arts  which  make  the  model 
housewife.  The  house  is  self-supporting,  each  one  of  the  members  being 
required  to  pay  a  weekly  assessment  of  five  cents. 

Hyde  Park  Literary  Club.— Organized  1892.  Composed  of  ladies  of  Hyde 
Park.  Meets  three  times  a  week— Mondays  for  instruction,  Thursdays  for 
discussion  and  Saturdays  for  amusement. 

Illinois  Woman's  Press  Assciation. — From  a  score  of  workers  who  met  at 
the  home  of  that  most  zealous  of  clever  literary  women — Dr.  Julia  Holmes 
Smith — in  1885,  has  sprung  the  Illinois  Woman's  Press  Association.  It  was 
suggested  by  the  oi-ganization  of  the  Woman's  National  Press  Association 
at  the  New  Orleans  Exposition  and  is  conducted  on  much  the  same  lines,  is 
represented  by  delegates  in  the  National  Editorial  Association,  the  Federa- 
tion of  Women's  Clubs,  the  International  League  of  Press  Clubs,  and  is 
auxiliary  to  the  Illinois  Woman's  Alliance.  Meets  nine  times  a  year.  In 
order  to  facilitate  achievement  the  association  is  divided  into  committees 
of  editors,  reporters,  authors,  correspondents,  contributors  and  publishers, 
each  having  its  own  particular  branch  of  work  to  attend  to.  All  women 
having  published  original  matter  in  book  form,  or  who  have  been,  or  are, 
regularly  connected  with  any  reputable  journal,  are  eligible  for  membership. 
The  social  side  of  the  club,  busy  women  that  they  are,  has  not  been  over- 
looked. The  annual  banquet  is  al  ways  admirably  arranged,  well  conducted 
and  a  thoroughly  enjoyable  event.  Also,  noted  newspaper  women  visiting 
the  Garden  City,  are  prone  to  find  themselves  the  honored  guests  of  this 
band  of  brainy  women.  From  the  organization  in  1885,  through  the  re-organ- 
ization of  1886,  up  to  her  death,  Mary  Allen  West,  of  the  Union  Signal,  stood 
at  the  helm. 

Olio  Glut). — Organized  May,  1832.  Location,  Athenasum  bldg.  A  woman's 
club  for  discussion  of  topics  of  interest,  either  literary,  historical  or  current 
events. 

Palette  Club.— A.  society  composed  exclusively  of  women  artists;  was 
organized  in  1880;  has  now  a  membership  of  over  sixty;  gives  annual 
exhibitions  at  the  Art  Institute ;  social  and  business  meetings  at  the  club 
room,  No.  33  ChickeringHall  bldg.  The  club  was  recently  incorporated.  It 
is  considered  the  strongest  and  largest  club  of  women  artists  in  the  United 
States. 

society  for  the  Promotion  of  Physical  Culture  and  Correct  Dress.— Fos- 
tered by  the  Women's  Club,  and  holds  its  meetings  in  the  rooms  of  that 
club  in  the  Athenasurn  building.  These  meetings  occur  on  the  first  Friday  of 
each  month  at  2:30  p.  M.  The  object  of  the  society  is  "mutual  help  towards 
learning  the  highest  standards  of  physical  developement,  and  mutual  coun- 
sel towards  realizing  these  standards  in  practical  life."  The  membership 
now  numbers  over  two-hundred. 

West  End  Women's  Club. — A  large  organization  of  West  side  ladies.  Club 
allied  to  confederation  of  Womens'  clubs.  No  stated  place  of  meeting. 

Women's  Club  of  Eranston. — Organized  in  1889.  One  of  the  largest  of  the 
many  Women's  clubs  which  forms  the  federation  of  the  United  States.  The 
membership  was  limited  to  125  until  the  fall  of  1891,  but  now  the  membership, 
is  unlimited.  The  club  is  divided  into  committees,  each  having  charge  of 
some  special  bi-anch  of  work;  each  committee  holding  meetings  as  often  as 
desired.  The  club  as  a  whole  holds  fortnightly  meetings. 

Women's  Suffrage  Club.— Meets  in  the  club-room  of  the  Sherman  house 
on  the  evening  of  the  third  Tuesday  of  each  month.  Organized  for  the  pur- 
pose of  advocating  and  agitating  eaual  political  rights. 

COMMERCIAL  EXCHANGES. 

The  commercial  exchanges,  associations  and  boards  of  Chicago  are 
numerous  and  powerful.  Although  the  largest,  the  association  known  as 


«70  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

the  Board  of  Trade  (which,  in  reality  and  properly,  should  be  called  the 
Grain  and  Produce  Exchange)  is  by  no  means  the  only  important  one.  There 
are  various  interests  of  magnitude  not  represented  on  the  floor  of  the 
Board  of  Trade,  which  are  handled  by  other  exchanges.  The  different  ex- 
changes and  associations  are  as  follows: 

Board  of  Trade. — Location,  Jackson  foot  of  LaSalle  sts.  [See  "Guide" 
and  "Buildings,"  also  "Appendix."]  The  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  is  a  world 
renowned  commercial  organization.  It  exercises  a  wider  and  more  poten- 
tial influence  over  the  welfare  of  mankind  than  any  other  institution  of  its 
kind  in  existence,  for  it  practically  regulates  the  traffic  in  breadstuffs  the 
world  over.  Its  transactions  are  of  far  more  importance  to  humanity  in 
general  than  are  those  of  the  Exchange  ol  London,  the  Bourse  of  Paris,  or  the 
Stock  Exchange  of  New  York.  The  volume  of  business  transacted  on  the  floor 
of  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  annually  is  amazing;  the  fortunes  made  and 
lost  within  the  walls  of  the  great  building  every  year  astonish  the  world. 
The  membership  of  the  Board  of  Trade  is  about  2, 000 — nearly  all  young  men, 
full  of  the  genuine  Chicago  spirit  of  enterprise,  pluck  and  perseverance. 
Notwithstanding  the  severe  criticisms  to  which  the  methods  of  the  Board 
have  been  subjected  from  time  to  time,  the  commercial  honesty  and  per- 
sonal integrity  of  the  members  are  recognized  everywhere.  On  the  Board 
of  Trade  there  is  a  code  of  moral  ethics  which  can  not  be  violated  with  im- 
punity. The  member  who  is  not  known  to  be  commercially  honorable,  or 
whose  word  has  once  been  broken,  or  who  has  been  detected  in  a  disrepu- 
table transaction,  loses  caste  among  his  fellows  and  is  shunned  for  all 
time.  Men  lose  fortunes  here  because  they  risk  them,  not  in  a  game  of 
chance,  but  in  a  trial  of  judgment.  The  Board  of  Trade  building  is  one  of 
the  architectural  monuments  of  Chicago.  [See  "Board  of  Trade  Building."] 
The  grain  and  produce  business  of  Chicago  is  transacted  on  the  Board  of 
Trade.  The  transactions  of  the  Board  of  Trade  are  given  in  the  "Appendix" 
to  this  volume. 

Builders  and  Traders  Exchange. —An  organization  of  builders  and  deal- 
ers in  builders'  materials.  Location  12-14  and  16,  No.  159  La  Salle  st. 

Chicago  Real  Estate  Board. — One  of  the  most  important  and  prominent  of 
Chicago's  commercial  organizations.  Organized  in  1887.  Comprises  the 
leading  and  responsible  real  estate  dealers  of  the  city.  Located  in  the  Real 
Estate  Board  building,  Randolph  and  Dearborn  sts.  The  board  rooms  are 
made  a  general  headquarters  and  depositoi\v  for  information  pertaining  to 
real  estate  interests.  A  carefully  arranged  record  of  transfers,  council  pro- 
ceedings and  enactments  of  the  county  board  are  kept  for  reference,  as  well 
as  maps,  plats,  etc.,  thereby  furnishing  facilities  for  members  for  learning 
facts  without  going  to  various  public  offices.  Besides  its  fucntion  as  a  con- 
servator of  the  public  weal,  the  board  exerts  beneficial  influence  in  matters 
bearing  more  directly  upon  the  interests  of  property  owners  and  agents.  A 
valuation  committee  of  the  board  is  established  whose  duty  is  to  value  prop- 
erty on  request  for  a  small  compensation  by  comparison  with  the  service 
rendered.  Valuations  are  made  without  bias  for  trust  companies,  investors, 
mortgagers,  and  for  condemnation  or  damage  purposes,  by  persons  thor- 
oughly competent  to  make  them.  As  showing  the  high  estimate  upon  the 
services  of  this  committee,  it  is  only  necessary  to  say  they  were  called  upon 
to  value  $4,001,888.60  worth  of  real  estate  in  1892.  One  of  the  greatest  results 
of  this  organization,  however,  is  the  prevention  of  fraud  on  the  part  of  dis- 
honest and  irresponsible  real  estate  dealers,  and  the  creation  of  a  high-toned 
sentiment  among  real  estate  men.  No  man  of  a  blemished  commercial 
character  can  become  or  remain  a  member. 

Chicago  Stock  Exchange.— location,  Stock  Exchange  bldg.,  N.  E.  Cor. 
Monroe  and  Dearborn  sts.  Calls  at  10:30  A.  M.  and  2:15  P.  M.,  on  stocks  and 
bonds.  As  Chicago  ranks  as  the  second  city  in  the  United  States,  the  vol- 
ume of  business  transacted  on  the  Stock  Exchange  is  only  second  to  that 
transacted  on  Wall  st. 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  £71 

fruit  Buyers'  Association.— An  organization  composed  of  the  wholesale 
fruit  dealers  of  Chicago.  Meets  at  Produce  Exchange,  144  S.  Water  st.  The 
object  of  the  association  is  to  regulate  the  sale  of  California  fruit,  from  ten 
to  twenty  car  loads  of  which  arrive  daily,  representing  in  value  from  $10,000 
to  $20,000.  These  fruits  are  disposed  of  at  auction  in  two  rooms.  The  rule 
laid  down  by  the  association  is  that  each  room  shall  begin  the  sale  of  fruits 
at  9:30  in  the  morning  on  alternate  days,  and  if  the  room  whose  turn  it  is  to 
commence  at  9 :30  is  not  ready,  the  buyers  shall  proceed  to  the  other  room, 
when  the  sale  is  to  commence.  When  one  room  has  begun  a  sale,  the  other 
must  not  start  in  until  the  first  is  finished.  One  object  of  this  rule  is  to  have 
the  sales  concluded  by  noon,  instead  of  late  in  the  afternoon,  as  formerly. 
Another  object  is  to  keep  out  an  objectionable  element  that  crowded  the 
room.  The  fee  for  members  is  $25. 

Fruit  and  Vegetable  Dealers'  Association.— Meets  in  produce  exchange, 
144  S.  Water  st.  Conducted  on  lines  similar  to  the  Fruit  Buyers'  Associa- 
tion, but  operations  extend  to  all  kinds  of  fruit  and  vegetables. 

Lumbermen's  Association  of  Chicago.— This  association  was  formed  about 
Api'il,  1891,  from  the  three  existing  associations  of  Lumber  dealers — the 
Lumbermen's  Exchange,  Chicago  Lumber  Yard  Dealers'  Association,  and 
the  Lumbermen's  Association  of  Chicago.  The  new  association  may  be 
said  to  be  the  successor  of  the  Lumbermen's  Exchange,  the  oldest  of  the 
associations,  incorporated  March  31,  1869.  The  object  of  the  Exchange  is  to 
advance  the  commercial  character,  and  promote  the  general  lumber  inter- 
ests of  the  City  of  Chicago  and  the  Northwest,  to  inculcate  just  and  equit- 
able principles  in  trade,  establish  and  maintain  uniformity  in  the 
commercial  usages  of  the  city,  acquire,  preserve  and  disseminate  valuable 
business  information,  and  avoid  and  adjust,  as  far  as  practicable,  the  con- 
troversies and  misunderstandings  which  are  apt  to  arise  between  individ- 
uals engaged  in  trade  when  they  have  no  acknowledged  rules  to  guide 
them.  Any  person,  firm  or  company,  interested  or  engaged  in  the  lumber 
trade,  approved  by  the  board  of  directors,  may  become  a  member  of  the 
association  by  signing  the  rules  and  regulations  and  paying  the  annual 
dues.  Ex-members  of  the  Exchange  on  retiring  from  business,  may,  by  vote 
of  the  board  of  directors,  be  allowed  the  privileges  of  the  Exchange  rooms 
without  fees.  The  Exchange  is  located  at  618  Chamber  of  Commerce  Building. 

Produce  Exchange.— Located,  at  144  S.  Water  st.  The  exchange  in  which 
trading  is  done  in  vegetables,  fruit,  poultry,  butter  and  eggs,  milk,  and  pro- 
duce generally  of  this  character.  The  heavier  produce,  such  as  grain,  lard, 
pork,  etc.,  is  handled  by  the  Board  of  Trade. 

Open  Board  of  Trade.— Location,  opposite  Board  of  Trade,  on  Pacific 
ave.  A  regularly  organized  exchange.  Transactions  similar  to  those  of  the 
Board  of  Trade.  The  latter,  however,  establishes  prices. 

Tattersalls' — Horse  Exchange. — Location,  Dearborn  st.,  extending  from 
Sixteenth  to  Seventeenth  sts.  Length,  365  feet;  width,  152  feet;  height,  75 
feet.  A  great  exhibition  hall  occupies  the  center  of  the  structure.  It  can 
be  made  to  seat  10,000  persons.  The  hall  is  279  feet  long,  149  feet  wide  and 
has  a  speed  ring  measuring  252  yards  around.  The  entrance  gate  is  located 
at  the  Sixteenth  st.  front.  There  are  splendid  offices,  toilet  rooms,  etc.,  all 
handsomely  decorated.  On  the  second  floor  of  the  Sixteenth  st.  front  are 
located  the  club  rooms,  ladies  parlor,  etc.  A  library  of  reference  books  with 
relation  to  horseflesh  is  provided.  The  building  cost  $175,000.  [See  "  Chicago 
Horse  Show,"  also,  "  Tattersalls'  Club."  ] 

Other  Exchanges. — AMERICAN  LIVE  STOCK  ASSOCIATION,  organized  May, 
1888.  CHICAGO  COAL  EXCHANGE,  635,  225  Dearborn;  CHICAGO  ANTHRACITE  COAL 
ASSOCIATION,  203,  225  Dearborn;  CHICAGO  FLOUR  AND  FEED  DEALERS'  ASSOCI- 
ATION, 907  Royal  Insurance  Building;  CHICAGO  LIVE  STOCK  EXCHANGE,  Union. 
Stock  Yards;  CHICAGO  MILK  EXCHANGE,  meets  Fridays,  144  S.  Water;  CLEAR- 
ING HOUSE,  Open  Board  Building,  18-24  Pacific  ave. ;  COMMERCIAL  EXCHANGE, 
(Wholesale  Grocers),  11-34  Wabash  ave.;  GRAVEL  ROOFERS'  EXCHANGE,  99, 


272  GUIDE  TO  CHICA&O. 

159  La  Salle;  INSTITUTE  OF  BUILDING  ARTS,  63-65  Washington;  NATIONAL 
ASSOCIATION  OF  LUMBER  DEALERS,  35-92  La  Salle;  NATIONAL  BUTTER,  CHEESE 
AND  EGG  ASSOCIATION,  144  S.  Water;  NATIONAL  PRODUCERS'  AND  SHIPPERS, 
ASSOCIATION  meets  monthly,  144  S.  Water;  UNION  STOCK  YARD  AND  TRANSIT 
COMPANY,  S.  Halsted,  Cor.  Thirty-ninth. 

COUNTY  GOVERNMENT. 

The  city  of  Chicago  is  situated  in  the  county  of  Cook,  or  Cook  county, 
as  it  is  commonly  expressed.  The  county  derives  its  name  from  a  Congress- 
man named  Cook,  who  represented  Peoria  coiinty  (from  which  this  county 
was  taken),  about  the  time  the  county  of  Cook  was  created  by  the  state 
legislature.  The  city  of  Chicago  covers  a  great  portion  of  the  county,  has 
most  of  its  wealth  within  its  limits  and  pays  most  of  its  taxes.  The  question 
of  uniting  city  and  county  under  one  government,  for  convenience  and  econ~ 
omy's  sake,  is  one  of  growing  interest  and  importance.  The  affairs  of  the 
county  are  conducted  by  a  board  of  commissioners.  The  tax  levy  of  the  county 
amounts  to  about  $2,125,000  annually.  The  sources  of  expense  which  this 
tax  is  called  upon  to  meet  are  as  follows: 

Salaries  and  election  expensen $624,521.00 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc 619,500.00 

Interest  and  principal  on  deU 219,000.00 

Miscellaneous  purposes 190,575.00 

Contingent  fund 67,475.25 

Building  purposes 400,000.00 


Total $2,121,071.25 

The  estimated  receipts  from  county  officers,  over  and  above  the  salaries 
to  be  paid  out  of  these  receipts,  are  about  as  follows: 

County  Treasurer  $265,000 

Recorder 225,000 

County  Clerk 175,000 

Clerk  Probate  Court 80,000 

Clerk  Criminal  Court 2,000 

Clerk  Circuit  Court 90,000 

Clerk  Superior  Court  70,000 

Sheriff 25,000 

Total $932,000 

These  receipts  are  in  the  nature  of  fees,  court  revenues,  etc.,  and  the 
total  expended  is  as  follows: 

Jurors  and  witness  fees,  etc $150,000 

Judges  County  and  Probate  Courts 17,000 

Judges  Circuit  and  Superior  Courts 63,000 

County  Treasurer 183,972 

Recorder 173,830 

County  Clerk, 147,522 

Clerk  Circuit  Court  46,956 

Clerk  Superior  Court 37,000 

Clerk  Probate  Court 48,320 

Total $867,600 

Although  the  surplus  is  never  large  there  is  seldom  a  deficit  in  the  county 
finances. 

COST  OF  CONDUCTING  COUNTY  INSTITUTIONS.— The  cost  of  conducting  the 
county  hospital  for  1892,  was  $192,756.  The  pay-roll  contained  141  employes, 
besides  training  school  nurses  in  twelve  wards.  The  salary  list  was  esti- 


274  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

mated  at  $62,756,  and  the  amount  i*equired  for  supplies  and  repairs  was  put 
at  $130,000.  The  salaries  range  from  $166  to  $15  per  month.  It  cost  $255,580  to 
run  the  office  of  general  superintendent  of  the  county  institutions  at  Dun- 
ning, of  which  $240,000  were  for  supplies  and  $15,580  for  the  salary  list, 
including  twenty-nine  employes.  The  general'  superintendent  gets  $208  a 
month  and  the  stenographers  $25  each.  The  regular  pay-roll  of  the  Insane 
Asylum  includes  forty-two  names  outside  of  the  attendants.  The  estimate 
provided  for  eighty-four  regular  attendants  at  $30  a  month  each,  and  seven- 
teen extra  attendants,  when  required,  at  the  same  figure.  The  total  salary 
list  was  $55,257.  The  poorhouse  salary  list  provides  for  sixty-five  employes 
at  an  expense  of  $23,397.  In  both  the  asylum  and  the  poorhouse  there  is  a 
graduated  scale  of  wages  for  nurses  and  attendants,  reaching  a  maximum 
of  $25  for  poorhouse  nurses  and  of  $30  for  asylum  attendants,  after  six  months' 
service.  The  sheriff's  office  has  177  e  mployes  at  a  cost  of  $196,740.  The  chief 
deputy  receives  $208  a  month  and  the  chief  clerk  and  jailer  $166  each. 
Twenty-four  deputies,  at  $150,  and  five  county  deputies  at  $125  a  month,  draw 
$41,700,  while  twenty-five  bailiffs  of  the  Criminal  Court  and  thirty-eight 
bailiffs  of  the  other  courts,  at  $100  a  month  each,  receive  $75,000;  by  additi- 
onal help  allowed  by  the  court  brings  the  total  salary  list  of  the  sheriff's 
office  up  to  $219,340.  The  supplies  for  the  court-house,  jail  and  criminal 
court  bldg.  cost  $60,000.  The  office  of  clerk  of  the  criminal  court  cost  $2,000 
for  supplies  and  repairs  and  $29,750  for  salaries  of  twenty-two  men.  The  salary 
list  of  the  county  agent's  office  is  $25,000,  and  the  amount  needed  for  repairs 
and  supplies,  $90,000.  The  coroner's  salary  list  is  made  $19,000,  and  the  supply 
and  repair  account  $1,000.  The  county  board  salary  list  is  fixed  at  $33,251. 
For  the  county  comptroller's  office  the  salary  list  is  $12,720,  and  supplies  for 
comptroller  and  county  board,  $8,000.  The  office  of  superintendent  of 
public  service  cost  $11,230  in  salaries  and  $4,000  for  supplies,  repairs  and 
advertising.  The  state's  attorney's  office  salary  list  is  $22,400,  divided 
among  the  state's  attorney,  five  assistants  and  a  stenographer.  The  sum 
of  $5,000  is  provided  for  supplies.  The  salary  list  of  the  county  attorney's 
office  is  placed  at  $6,160,  and  the  supply  and  repair  account  at  $10,000.  For 
the  county  superintendent  of  schools'  office  $4,100  is  allowed  for  salaries  and 
$1,500  for  repairs.  The  normal  school  salary  list  is  put  at  $25,000  and  supplies 
and  repairs,  $11,000.  For  county  physician  and  detention  hospital  $7,580  is 
expected  to  be  needed  in  salaries  and  $7,000  in  supplies  and  repairs. 

Cook  County  Court  House.— Occupies  the  entire  east  half  of  block, 
bounded  by  Washington,  Dearborn,  La  Salle  and  Clark  sts.,  in  the  center  of 
the  business  district  of  tl>e  South  side,  the  west  half  being  occupied  by  the 
City  Hall.  This  magnificent  pile  was  erected  in  1876-77  at  a  cost  of  about 
$3,000,000,  and  is  one  of  the  handsomest  public  buildings  in  the  county.  It 
is  at  present  four  stories  in  height,  and  two  additional  stories  are  to  be 
added  during  the  present  year,  at  a  cost  of  $275,000.  [See  "  Guide."]  In  this 
building  are  located  the  county,  probate,  and  various  circuit  and  superior 
courts,  and  all  the  county  offices,  except  that  of  the  state's  (or  prosecuting) 
attorney,  which  is  located  in  the  criminal  court  bldg.,  North  side.  [See 
"Buildings."] 

County  Board. — The  board  has  the  direction  and  control  of  all  county 
officers,  collects  through  the  county  treasurer  the  revenues  of  the  county,  and 
appropriates  money  for  the  maintenance  of  the  courts,  jail,  insane  asylum, 
poorhouse,  county  hospital,  court-house  bldg.,  sheriff's  office,  county  clerk's 
office,  coroner's  office,  etc.,  and  has  general  supervision  of  county  highways, 
bridges,  etc.  The  county  boai'd  is  entirely  independent  of  the  city  council, 
although  the  jurisdiction  of  the  latter  extends  over  a  large  portion  of  the 
county,  included  within  the  corporate  limits. 

County  Hospital.— [See  "Hospitals."] 

County  Insane. — [See  "  Appendix."] 

County  Insane  Asylum. — Located  at  Dunning,  a  suburb  of  Chicago.  Take 
train  at  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  sts.  This  institution  is  a  lai-ge  and 
costly  structure,  surrounded  by  spacious  grounds,  far  enough  removed 
from  the  city  to  make  the  location  a  quiet  and  healthful  one.-  Numerous 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  275 

additions  in  the  way  of  cottage  wards  have  been  made  to  relieve  the  over- 
crowded condition  of  the  main  building.  The  current  expenses  average: 
salaries,  $44,111.68;  supplies,  repairs,  etc.,  $112,006.87.  During  1891  516  were 
admitted,  238  discharged;  364  were  transferred  to  state  hospitals  for  the 
insane;  127  died.  The  daily  average  under  treatment  in  1891  was  983.  In 
his  annual  report  for  1890  the  superintendent  of  the  institution  made  the 
following  remarkable  and  cheerful  statement  regarding  the  insane  and  the 
prospects  of  their  recovery :  "I  would  here  call  attention  to  a  fact,  and 
that  is  where  those  that  are  insane  are  placed  under  proper  treatment  in  well 
arranged  hospitals  within  the  first  three  months  of  the  inception  of  the 
disease  the  chances  for  recovery  are  about  as  good  as  from  any  serious 
bodily  ailment.  The  average  of  cures  when  this  class  of  disease  is  thus 
treated  will  range  as  high  as  60,  65  and  even  70  in  100." 

County  Jail. — Situated  in  the  rear  of  the  Criminal  Ckmrt  building,  Michi- 
gan st.,  between  Clark  st.  and  Dearborn  ave.,  North  side.  Entrance  from 
Michigan  st.  Visitors  admitted  by  permission  of  the  sheriff.  The  jail,  like  the 
Criminal  Court  building,  has  long  since  ceased  to  meet  the  demands  made 
xipon  it  by  the  extraordinary  growth  of  the  city,  and  the  consequent  and 
natural  increase  in  the  number  of  criminals.  It  is  an  old-fashioned  prison, 
built  after  the  manner  of  the  jails  constructed  in  the  early  years  of  the  pres- 
ent century.  It  lacks  every  modern  improvement,  and  will,  doubtless,  soon  be 
replaced  by  a  much  larger  and  a  better  structure.  The  jail  is  connected  with 
the  criminal  eo\irt  building  by  a  "bridge  of  sighs,"  over  which  the  ciilprits 
pass  for  triaV  and  after  conviction.  Aside  from  this  entrance, which  is  never 
used  except  by  deputy  sheriffs  and  jailers  in  discharge  of  their  duties,  there 
is  but  one  entrance,  and  that  is  up  a  narrow  flight  of  steps  leading  from  the 
open  court  between  the  two  buildings.  At  the  head  of  these  steps  is  a  dou- 
ble iron  gate,  where  stands  the  outer  turnkey.  If  he  admits  you,  you  find 
yourself  in  the  jail  office.  On  one  side,  as  you  face  the  prison  entrance,  is 
the  head  jailer's  room ;  on  the  other,  the  office  of  the  jail  clerk.  Before  going 
farther,  you  must  have  a  permit.  If  you  secure  it,  you  are  admitted  into  the 
"Cage,"  an  iron-bound  arrangement  covered  with  several  thicknesses  of  wire 
netting,  through  the  meshes  of  which  you  can  hardly  poke  your  finger  If 
you  wish  to  see  a  prisoner,  he  is  called,  and  yo\i  must  talk  to  him  through 
this  netting.  Here  it  was  that  the  "Tiger  Anarchist"  Lingg  received  from 
his  sweetheart  the  dynamite  cartridge  which  he  exploded  in  his  mouth,  kill- 
ing himself,  the  day  before  that  set  for  his  execution.  As  you  look  straight 
in  front  of  you,  with  your  back  to  the  jailer's  door,  you  will  see  the  cell  in 
which  the  suicide  occurred.  It  is  on  the  gi'ound  floor.  Along  the  same  line 
of  cells  the  anarchists  were  confined.  Just  above,  on  the  next  balcony,  is 
"Murderers'  Row,"  from  which  a  number  of  unfortunates  have  gone  forth 
during  the  past  twenty  years  to  find  the  gallows  waiting  for  them  on  the 
other  side  of  the  cell  building.  The  cell  balconies,  just  as  yon  see  them 
before  you,  four  in  number,  run  all  around  this  interior  building.  At  the 
northeast  corner  of  the  cell  building,  the  gallows  is  always  erected,  and  here 
the  anarchists  were  hanged.  [See  "  Haymarket  Massacre."]  There  is  noth- 
ing of  interest  to  be  seen  inside  the  jail,  unless  you  have  a  morbid  desire  to 
witness  the  pale,  hopeless  faces  of  the  prisoners.  There  are  four  depart- 
ments: Men's,  women's,  boys'  and  debtors'. 

County  Poor  7/cwse.— Located  at  Diinning,  a  suburb  of  Chicago.  Take 
train  at  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  sts.  This  institution  is  not  .remark- 
able in  any  sense,  save  as  the  home  of  the  most  wretched  class  of  paupers 
of  the  county.  It  was  conducted  at  an  expense  of  $23,397  for  salaries,  and 
$86,119.79  for  supplies,  repairs,  etc.,  last  year.  The  second  item  also  includes 
expenses  of  the  County  Poor  Farm. 

Coroner's  Sfatistics.—[See  "Appendix.''] 

Detention  Hospital  for  the  Insane.— New  building,  Cor.  Wood  and  Polk 
sts.,  West  side.  Take  Ogden  ave.  cable  line.  The  accommodations  for 
those  awaiting  action  of  the  court  on  their  sanity  are  much  improved 
here. 


276  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Judiciary  of  Cook  County. — There  is  one  County,  one  Probate  and  eigh- 
teen judges  of  the  Superior  and  Circuit  Courts.  [For  cost  of  same  see  "  Ex- 
penses of  Cook  County."] 

Marriage  License.— [See  "Appendix."] 

Morgue. — The  morgue  is  really  a  county  institution,  but  it  will  be  found 
classified  under  "City,  or  Municipal  Affairs." 

Taxable  Valuation  of  Cook  County  Property.— The  total  valuation  of  all 
the  taxable  property  in  Cook  county  is  $282,676,167.  The  total  real  estate 
valuation  aggregates  $223,859,166;  personal  property,  $48,795.740;  railroad 
property,  $15,021 '261. 

DRAINAGE  AND  SHIP  CANAL. 

The  question  of  drainage  is  one  that  has  received  the  most  earnest  atten- 
tion of  the  people  of  Chicago  during  recent  years.  It  involved  so  much  of 
momentous  importance  that  the  State  of  Illinois  placed  it  in  the  hands  of 
a  Drainage  Commission,  with  powers  equal  to  those  exercised  by  county 
or  municipal  governments.  These  powers  embrace  the  borrowing  of  money 
upon  the  credit  of  the  people  owning  property  in  the  district  to  be  affected 
by  the  carrying  out  of  the  scheme,  the  condemnation  of  land,  the  digging  of 
canals,  the  construction  of  dams,  dykes,  locks,  docks,  etc.,  etc.,  and  the 
general  management  of  the  drainage  system  of  the  district  known  as  the 
Desplaines  Water  Shed.  It  would  require  a  vclume  in  itself  to  give  a  proper 
review  of  the  drainage  question.  The  chief  features  only  can  be  treated  of 
here: 

Changing  the  Water  Flow. — In  the  remote  past  the  overflow  of  the  waters 
of  Lake  Superior  and  Lake  Michigan  ran  through  the  Mississippi  south  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  instead  of  as  now — northeast  through  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence  to  the  Atlantic.  At  the  same  time  Lake  Erie  was  emptying  into 
the  Atlantic  through  Lake  Ontario  and  the  St.  Lawrence;  not  by  the 
Niagara,  but  by  the  Dundas  valley,  a  channel  not  far  from  the  line  of  the 
present  Welland  canal.  Then,  at  some  epoch  unknown  and  for  some  cause 
unguessed,  the  Detroit  strait  and  the  Niagara  strait  were  opened,  Lake 
Michigan  slowly  fell  about  thirty  feet,  and  its  outlet  (now  "the  Divide,''  at 
Summit,  close  to  city  limits,  twelve  miles  southwest  of  flue  Court-house) 
gradually  filled  up  with  mixed  deposit;  so  that  to-day  the  dry  bed  of  "  Mud 
Lake  "  is  the  sole  remaining  representative  of  the  once  great  southward 
waterway.  Within  a  few  years,  loYig  before  the  close  of  the  nineteenth 
century,  the  old  order  of  things  must  be  re-established  and  mighty  Michigan 
once  more  find  its  waters  flowing  southward.  The  hand  of  man  will  compel 
it  again  to  turn  in  its  bed,  and  lie  with  it  head  to  the  north  and  its  foot  to 
the  south  as  of  old. 

Cost  of  the  Undertaking. — To  accomplish  the  ends  desired  will  cost  the 
Sanitary  District  (practically  the  city  of  Chicago)  about  $20,000,000. 

Disposing  of  Chicago  Sewage.— The  one  great  object  of  this  ship  canal  is 
todispose  of  Chicago  sewage.  When  the  population  wassmall,  the  city  was 
drained  by  the  Chicago  river  and  the  lake.  Years  ago  it  became  apparent 
that  a  change  would  have  to  be  made  in  this  respect.  The  course  of  the 
Chicago  river  is  naturally  into  Lake  Michigan,  but  pumping  works  were 
erected  at  Bridgeport,  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  city,  which  lift  an 
average  of  40,000  cubic  feet  per  minute  into  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal, 
causing,  under  ordinary  conditions,  a  perceptible  current  away  from  the 
lake.  The  water  thus  pumped  into  the  canal  flows  south  into  the  Illinois 
river  and  thence  to  the'Mississippi.  Pumping  woi-ks  at  Fullerton  ave.,  on 
the  north  branch  of  the  Chicago  river,  force  water  from  the  lake  into  that 
stream,  diluting  its  contents,  and  furnishing  the  head  needed  for  a  flow 
to  ward  the  Bridgeport  pumps.  This  means  of  disposing  of  the  city's  sewage 


278  GUIDE   TO    CHICAGO. 

is  wholly  inadequate  to  its  needs,  and  the  pollution  of  the  water  supply  of 
the  city  is  constantly  menaced.  Measures  have  therefore  been  taken  to 
construct  a  large  gravity  channel  as  an  outlet  for  the  sewage  of  Chicago 
into  the  Illinois  river.  The  Chicago  Sanitary  District  has  been  formed  by 
act  of  legislature  of  the  State  of  Illinois;  nine  trustees  are  elected  to  super- 
vise the  construction  of  a  channel ;  a  corps  of  engineers  and  an  army  of 
laborers  are  at  work  upon  a  channel  which  will  answer  the  double  pxarpose 
of  disposing  of  the  city's  sewage  and  establishing  a  navigable  waterway 
for  the  interchange  of  commerce  between  Lake  Michigan  and  the  Missis- 
sippi river. 

The  Channel.— The  work  in  hand  contemplates  a  channel  from  Lake 
Michigan  at  Chicago  to  Joliet,  a  distance  something  like  forty  miles.  The 
route  of  this  channel  is  practically  the  same  as  that  pursued  by  the  Illinois 
and  Michigan  canal,  the  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad  and  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
&  Santa  Fe  railroad.  All  the  lines  mentioned  are  in  the  valley  of  the  Des- 
plaines  river  from  Summit  west  of  Chicago.  The  drainage  channel  itself, 
southward  from  Summit  for  more  or  less  of  a  distance,  will  run  in  the  bed 
of  the  Desplaines  river.  In  fact,  the  channel  and  the  river  will  become  one 
and  the  same  thing.  From  the  west  arm  of  the  south  fork  of  the  south 
branch  on  the  Chicago  river  the  channel  will  run  westward  to  Summit,  tak- 
ing the  route  of  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal  and  absorbing  that  water- 
way. At  Summit  the  Desplaines  river  valley  is  i-eached. 

Dimensions,  Capacity,  etc. — The  law  provides  that  the  drainage  channel 
shall  be  200  feet  wide  at  the  top  of  the  water,  180  feet  wide  at  the  bottom, 
with  18 feet  of  water.  The  flow  of  the  water  is  to  be  at  the  minimum  rate  of 
three  miles  an  hour.  These  dimensions  were  determined  upon  not  for  the 
purpose  of  producing  a  navigable  waterway  but  in  order  to  provide  suffi- 
cient dilution  of  sewage.  Extended  experiments  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe  have  shown  that  20,000  cubic  feet  of  water  a  minute  is  the  least 
amount  that  will  adequately  dilute  the  sewage  of  100,000  of  population.  It 
is  supposed  that  this  amoiint  of  water  mixed  with  the  outfall  of  the  sewers 
will  make  the  water  going  down  the  channel  inoffensive  to  the  smell  and 
perhaps  fit  for  fish  to  live  in. 

The  Future  Work  of  the  Channel. — Estimating  the  population  of  Chicago 
at  3,000,000  within  thirty  years  from  the  time  of  the  passage  of  the  law,  the 
dimensions  of  the  channel  were  made  to  provide  for  a  flow  of  600,000  cubic 
feet  a  minute,  or  20,000  cubic  feet  for  each  100,000  inhabitants.  The  propor- 
tions of  the  channel — that  is  to  say,  the  relation  of  its  width  to  its  depth — 
was  determined  not  because  of  sanitary  requirements,  but  because  a  chan- 
nel about  ten  times  as  wide  as  it  is  deep  is  the  most  economical  in  its  con- 
struction. At  the  same  time  it  is  the  most  useful  for  commercial  purposes. 
While  the  law  provided  that  the  dimensions  of  the  channel  ultimately  should 
be  as  given,  it  did  not  make  '  ^  obligatory  upon  the  Chicago  sanitary  district 
to  cut  the  channel  at  those  diminsions  except  where  it  was  through  the 
rock.  That  portion  of  it  through  soft  ear^h  might  be  of  any  dimensions  so 
that  the  flow  through  it  would  be  at  the  rate  of  20,000  cubic  feet  a  minute 
for  each  100,000  of  population.  This  smaller  cut  in  the  soft  earth  was  per- 
mitted upon  the  assumption  that  the  channel  could  be  enlarged  as  the 
population  increased,  without  disturbing  the  flow  of  the  water  or  the  navi- 
gation of  the  channel. 

Right  to  Reverse  the  River's  Flow.— The  right  of  Chicago  to  reverse  the 
Chicago  river  from  its  natural  tendency  to  flow  into  the  lake  and  make  it 
flow  southward  into  the  Illinois  river  is  only  derived  through  permission  of 
the  interested  communities  along  that  river  and  its  confluents.  Without 
that  permission  it  has  absolutely  no  right  to  empty  its  offensive  matter  in  a 
watercourse.  This  permission  of  the  people  of  the  valley  is  given  to  the 
people  of  Chicago  because  of  an  express  understanding  that  it  will  send 
down  along  with  its  sewage  enough  pure  water  to  dilute  it  to  inoffensive- 
ness.  The  amount  of  the  dilution  has  been  agreed  upon  by  both  parties. 
Unless  this  requirement  is  met  the  people  of  the  valley  may  go  into  court 
and  restrain  the  Chicagoans  from  polluting  their  streams  by  emptying 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  279 

sewage  into  them.  It  is  acceded  that  only  300,000  cubic  feet  can  be  drawn 
through  the  south  branch  of  the  Chicago  river.  The  remainder  of  the 
required  600,000  cubic  feet  will  have  to  be  drawn  from  Lake  Michigan 
through  some  other  channel.  Where  this  channel  or  feeder  will  be  made  is 
not  definitely  settled,  but  it  will  have  to  be  across  at  some  point  south  of 
the  west  arm  of  the  south  fork.  A  diagonal  channel  across  the  town  of 
Hyde  Park  tapping  the  lake  not  far  north  of  the  mouth  of  the  Calumet  river 
is  spoken  of  with  favor. 

Source  of  Pollution. — At  Summit  the  top  of  the  water  in  the  Desplaines 
river  is  about  ten  feet  above  the  waters  of  Lake  Michigan.  Upon  the  Chi- 
cago side  the  river  bank  is  extremely  low,  and  when  the  Desplaines  river 
is  raised  by  storm  waters.it  overflows  and  finds  its  way  through  Mud  lake.and 
the  Ogden  ditch  into  the  west  branch  of  the  south  branch,  and  thence  into 
Lake  Michigan.  These  floods  are  of  immense  volume,  and  sweeping  out  into 
the  lake  carry  the  sewage  of  Chicago  with  them.  It  is  to  these  flood  waters  of 
the  Desplaines  riverthatthe  pollution  of  the  watersupply  is  principally  due. 
The  water  that  comes  down  the  Desplaines  comes  from  a  watershed  extend- 
ing northward  from  fifty  to  one  hundred  miles.  Very  little  of  this  surplus 
is  accumulated  south  of  Evanston.  It  is  suggested,  as  a  part  of  the  general 
plan  of  drainage  in  the  Chicago  district,  that  a  cut  be  made  from  the  Des- 
plaines river  somewhere  south  of  Evanston  to  Lake  Michigan.  Such  a  cut 
would  divert  the  waters  of  the  river  to  the  lake  and  prevent  their  ove^flow- 
ing  the  Ogden  dam  at  Summit  and  sweeping  through  the  Chicago  river,  out 
into  the  lake,  carrying  the  pollution  of  the  sewers  with  them. 

Operations  Under  Way. — Operations  are  nowr  well  under  way  upon  the 
great  drainage  canal,  and  what  a  few  years  ago  seemed  to  many  only  an 
evanescent  theory  is  now  rapidly  becoming  an  assured  reality. 

EDUCATION— ACADEMIC  AND  COLLEGIATE. 

The  educational  institutions  of  Chicago  and  its  suburbs  rank  among 
the  best  in  the  United  States.  The  Northwestern  University  and  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  may  now  be  numbered  among  the  greatest  colleges  of 
the  world,  with  the  advantages  of  youth  and  modern  ideas  on  their  side. 
These  institutions  have  brought  about  the  establishment  of  many  minor 
colleges  as  well  as  great  preparatory  schools.  The  various  universities, 
colleges,  academies,  seminaries,  etc.,  are  mentioned  below  in  their  atpha- 
betical  order. 

Allen's  Academy, — Located  in  Hyde  Pai'k,  Chicago.  A  high  class  pre- 
paratory school  for  boys.  Only  pupils  of  good  moral  character  are  desired, 
and  each  application  for  admission  must  bear  the  favorable  endorsement 
of  one  or  more  of  the  directors  or  visitoi'S,  or  satisfactory  references  to 
parents  of  pupils  who  have  been  or  are  now  members  of  the  school.  The 
average  age  of  pupils  entering  the  first  class  of  the  academic  department 
is  about  twelve  years.  Terms  per  annum:  Preparatory  department,  $100; 
academic  department,  first,  second  and  middle  classes,  $200;  academic 
department,  junior  and  senior  classes,  $250;  resident  pupils,  $560;  for  day 
pupils,  payable  semi-annually  in  advance,  October  1st  and  February  1st; 
for  resident  pupils,  $300  at  entrance  September  18th,  and  $260  February  1st. 

Chicago  Athenaeum.—"  The  People's  Co  liege.1"  —  Location,  18  to  26  Van 
Buren  st.  Occupies  an  elegant  and  spacious  structure  erected  for  its  use 
in  1890.  The  new  building  was  occupied  in  March,  1891.  Value  of  the  property 
about  $400,000.  Edward  I.  Galvin,  superintendent  in  charge.  The  officers 
and  directors  embrace  many  of  the  leading  and  most  public  spirited  of 
Chicago's  citizens,  Such  men  as  Henry  Booth,  Franklin  H.  Head,  Lyman  J. 
Gage,  Edw.  B.  Butler,  Hugh  A.  White,  Joseph  Sears,  Ferd.  W.  Peck,  Chas.  J. 
Singer,  Win.  R.  Page,  A.  C.  Bartlett,  J.  J.  P.  Odell,  Alex.  H.  Revell,  John 
Wilkinson,  Harry  G.  Selfridge,  H.  H.  Kohlsaat,  and  Gilbert  B.  Shaw  have 
been  its  officers  and  most  constant  and  liberal  friends.  This  noble  institu- 


280  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

tion  was  organized  in  October,  1871.  The  benefits  that  it  has  bestowed  upon 
this  city  can  not  be  overestimated.  Open  daily  throughout  the  year,  and 
five  evenings  a  week  for  nine  months  of  the  year,  with  an  able  corps  of 
thirty-three  teachers  and  a  large  list  of  studies— all  elective— young  men 
and  women  may  enter  at  any  time,  without  examination,  and  i-eceive  the 
desired  instruction  at  moderate  cost.  Here  everything  is  done  by  the  super- 
intendent and  teachers,  not  only  to  aid  the  pupils  in  the  special  branches 
that  they  have  chosen,  but  to  stimulate  a  love  for  learning.  To  this  end  a 
well-chosen  circulating  library  of  good  English  literature  is  maintained, 
containing  books  of  reference  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  and  an  open  reading- 
room  with  the  daily  and  weekly  papers,  magazines  and  reviews.  During 
the  fail  and  winter  lectures  on  popular  science,  literature  and  applied  art 
are  given.  In  the  same  building  an  assembly  hall  has  been  provided,  which 
will  give  perfect  facilities  for  such  instructive  lectures.  Valuable  apparatus 
has  been  provided  for  more  thorough  instruction  in  physics,  also  interest- 
ing specimens  in  zoology.  A  special  course  of  lectures  on  electricity  has 
been  given  and  a  new  department  in  "Electric  Mechanics"  organized. 
Many  a  worthy  young  mechanic  or  citizen  has  secured,  through  the  Athe- 
naeum evening  classes,  such  thorough  instruction  in  mathematics  and 
drawing  as  to  gain  promotion  in  his  trade,  as  an  intelligent  and  practical 
foreman  or  a  master-builder.  While  the  greater  importance  of  this  "People's 
College  "  is  attached  to  the  fundamental  branches,  whose  utility  is  every- 
where acknowledged,  valuable  service  is  also  rendered  to  young  women 
who  desire  to  qualify  themselves  for  stenographers  or  teachers  in  the  public 
schools,  or  to  pass  the  examination  for  still  higher  grades,  by  giving  them 
able  instructions  in  advanced  mathematics,  physics  and  natural  sciences. 
Hei-e  also  young  men  may  receive  special  instructions  in  science,  the  classics 
and  French,  German  or  Spanish,  to  enable  them  to  enter  any  college  in  the 
land.  The  new  "  Athenaeum  Building  "  is  a  substantial  and  commanding 
edifice  constructed  of  pressed  brick  and  stone.  Special  attention  has  been 
given  to  securing  abundant  light  and  good  ventilation,  not  only  by  means 
of  numerous  broad  windows,  but  through  two  large  light  wells  down  through 
the  entire  building. 

De  La  Salle  Institute.— Opened  for  the  reception  of  pupils.  September  7, 
1891.  Located  N.  E.  Cor.  Wabash  ave.  and  Thirty-fifth  st.  In  charge  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Order  of  Christian  Brothers.  Pupils  of  all  creeds  are  ad- 
mitted. The  ground  plan  of  the  building  is  quadrangular  in  outline  and 
has  a  total  frontage  of  259  feet.  The  building  is  constructed  of  Bedford  stone 
and  is  five  stories  in  height.  The  entrance  is  on  Wabash  ave.  The  ground 
floor  is  apportioned  into  play-rooms  and  halls  for  gymnastic  exercises. 
The  first,  second  and  third  floors  are  devoted  to  recitation  halls,  class- 
rooms and  the  like,  and  the  fifth  floor  constitutes  the  grand  entertainment 
hall.  The  curriculum  of  studies  comprises  commercial,  scientific,  classical 
and  academic  courses,  with  all  the  branches  that  usually  belong  to  these 
departments  in  the  best  American  high  schools. 

Hyde  Park  Conservatory. — A  high-class  musical  and  dramatic  art  school; 
location,  Fifty-third  st.  and  Lake  ave.  (Hyde  Park).  The  courses  of  study 
generally  followed  in  first-class  conservatories  are  observed  here.  Instruc- 
tion on  all  modern  musical  instruments  is  given,  as  well  as  in  elocution  and 
stage  business. 

Institute  of  Building  Arts.— Location,  63  and  65  Washington  st.,  H.  W. 
Perce,  manager.  Owned  and  conducted  by  the  Illinois  chapter  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Architects.  This  institute  was  established  for  the  purpose 
of  centralizing  information  relating  to  building,  and  congregating  in  per- 
manent exposition  all  materials,  appliances  or  inventions  of  a  practical  or 
ornamental  character.  The  institute  is  free  to  the  visiting  public,  who  are 
wrelcome  to  all  its  advantages  of  information,  and  to  the  inspection  of  the 
numerous  exhibits  it  contains. 

Josephinum,  The. — Situated  at  Oakley  ave.  and  Le  Moyne  st.,  in  the  north- 
western section  of  the  city.  The  course  of  study  admits  of  the  ordinary 
academic  branches,  also  a  thorough  course  in  practical  housekeeping.  The 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

NORTH  SIDE  WATER  TOWER. 

[See  "  Water  Works.] 


282  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Josephinum  is  a  beautiful  structure  and  is  surrounded  by  a  broad  expanse 
of  prairie.  The  building  and  grounds  cost  $100,000.  There  are  accommoda- 
tions for  about  seventy-five  boarders  and  two  hundred  day  pupils. 

Kenwood  Institute  for  Young  Ladies.— Location,  5000  and  5001  Lake  ave. 
Mrs.  Helen  E.  Starrett  and  Miss  Annie  E.  Butts,  principals.  Has  kinder- 
garten, primary  and  collegiate  departments.  A  high  class  educational 
institution.  An  accredited  preparatory  school  for  many  of  the  leading 
western  universities,  as  well  as  for  Vassar  and  Wellesley  colleges.  Pupils 
are  especially  prepared  for  the  quarterly  examinations  of  the  University  of 
Chicago.  The  school  year  is  divided  into  four  quarters  of  9J/2  weeks  each. 

Lake  Forest  University.— Located  at  Lake  Forest,  a  suburb  of  Chicago, 
situated  on  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  railway, 
twenty -eight  miles  from  the  city,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  Take 
train  at  Wells  Street  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.,  North  side.  The  Academy 
is  one  of  the  finest  classical  schools  in  the  west,  and  its  graduates  are  fitted 
for  Harvard  and  Yale  as  well  as  for  the  home  college.  Its  courses,  classical 
and  scientific,  cover  four  years.  Three  new  buildings,  a  dormitory,  a  cottage, 
and  Reid  Hall,  a  building  for  recitation  rooms  and  laboratories,  were  added 
in  1893.  The  Ferry  Hall  Seminary,  in  a  building,  which  with  its  thorough 
equipment,  has  cost  $115,000,  furnishes  an  education  for  young  women  who 
do  not  care  to  attend  college,  graduating  them  as  Bachelor  of  Letters  with 
two  years  work  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  preparatory  course.  Especial 
attention  is  given  to  physical  culture.  A  gymnasium  has  been  fitted  up 
with  every  variety  of  mechanical  appliances  for  physical  training.  A  com- 
petent instructor  is  in  charge  and  all  are  required  to  take  gymnastic  exer- 
cise. In  short,  at  Ferry  Hall  the  pupils  can  have  all  the  advantages  of  a 
home  and  of  a  first-class  seminary.  The  Durand  Art  Building  recently  fin- 
ished is  a  handsome  red  sandstone  structure  for  an  art  gallery,  auditorium 
and  recitation  rooms.  The  cost  was  $60,000 and  it  was  given  by  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
H.  C.  Durand  of  Lake  Forest.  Among  other  liberal  benefactors  of  the  insti- 
tution the  following  names  are  specially  worthy  of  mention,  Hon.  C.  B.  Far- 
well,  the  late  Gov.  Wm.  Bross,  the  estate  of  C.  H.  McCormick,  D.  K.  Pearson 
and  Jacob  Beidler,  Esq.  The  university  has  in  use  for  school  purposes 
twelve  buildings  at  Lake  Forest,  valued  at  $410,000,  on  sixty-five  acres  of 
inalienable  parks  worth  $85,000.  It  owns  in  addition  forty  acres  of  salable 
town  lots  worth  $25,000.  The  interest  bearing  endowment  funds  amount  to 
$500,000,  in  addition  to  which  there  is  $65,000  in  scholarship  and  lectureship 
funds.  The  college  faculty  numbers  fifteen,  that  of  the  academy  seven  and 
that  of  Ferry  Hall  sixteen. 

Lewis  Institute.— The  late  Allen  C.  Lewis  left  a  bequest  in  the  nature  of 
a  fund  to  be  used  in  the  establishment  of  a  polytechnic  school  which  he 
desired  to  have  ripen  into  one  of  the  highest  order.  The  trustees  of  the 
estate  procured  property  on  W.  Van  Buren  St.,  cornering  on  Morgan  st.  and 
also  adjacent  thereto  running  through  to  Congress  St.,  costing  the  estate 
about  $100,000.  During  the  past  year,  owing  to  the  death  of  Henry  F.  Lewis 
and  the  resignation  of  James  M.  Adsit,  it  became  necessary  to  appoint  two 
trustees  as  successors  thereof,  and  the  Hon.  John  A.Roche  and  Mr.  George 
M.  Bogue  have  been  duly  appointed  their  successors.  The  trustees  had 
plans  drawn  for  the  erection  of  a  building  on  said  premises  to  cost,  when 
completed,  about  $270,000,  the  plan  therefor  having  been  drawn  by  Henry  Ives 
Cobb,  architect.  The  trustees  had  also  received  bids  for  the  proposed  build- 
ing and  were  on  the  eve  of  letting  the  contracts  therefor,  when  they  learned 
that  what  is  known  as  the  Metropolitan  Elevated  Railway  Chompany  had 
secured  the  right  of  way,  which  would  enable  them  to  condemn  a  part  of  the 
property  above  named,  and  which  would,  as  it  was  believed  by  the  ti'ustees, 
almost  destroy  the  usefulness  of  the  property  for  the  purposes  of  a  school, 
and  especially  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  part  nearest  the  elevated  road 
was  designed  to  be  used  for  reading,  lecture  and  other  prominent  rooms  of 
the  building.  This  has  necessitated  a  delay  in  the  work  and  the  necessity 
of  probably  procuring  a  new  site.  And  for  the  reasons  above  given  the  trus- 
tees are  now  unable  to  say  how  soon  they  can  proceed  with  their  work,  but 
shall  use  their  best  endeavor  to  do  so  during  1893. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  283 

Northwestern  Oratorical  League.— The  leading  universities  of  the  North- 
west have  combined  to  form  the  North  western  Oratorical  League,  providing 
for  an  annual  contest,  to  be  held  at  each  college  in  rotation  the  first  Friday 
in  May.  These  colleges  are  the  Northwestern  University  of  Evanston ;  Mich- 
igan University,  of  Ann  Arbor;  Oberlin,  Ohio,  and  Wisconsin  State  Univer- 
sity, of  Madison,  Wis.  An  executive  committee,  consisting  of  president, 
secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  league,  has  charge  of  the  business  details. 
They  also  are  empowered  to  select  the  six  judges  of  contest,  three  of  whom 
grade  composition  and  thoughts,  and  three  judge  the  delivery.  In  addition 
to  specifying  an  impartial  selection  of  judges,  each  college  association  may 
remove  two  on  protest.  The  prizes  are  $100  and  $50  each. 

Northwestern  University.— An  institution  under  the  control  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  church,  but  entirely  unsectarian  in  its  government  and  ad" 
ministration,  was  chartered  January  28,  1851.  The  seat  of  the  college  of 
liberal  arts,  the  academic  department,  and  the  college  of  music,  oratory  and 
theology  is  at  Evanston,  a  city  of  17,000  inhabitants,  twelve  miles  north  of 
Chicago,  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  Take  Northwestern  train  (Mil- 
waiikee  division)  at  Wells  st.  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.,  or  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  train  (  Evanston  division)  at  Union  depot,  Adams  and 
Canal  sts.  Trains  run  at  brief  intervals  during  the  day.  Visitors  may  in 
the  course  of  a  morning  or  afternoon  make  a  trip  to  Evanston,  giving  abun- 
dant opportunity  for  an  inspection  of  the  grounds  and  buildings  of  the  uni- 
versity. The  most  noteworthy  of  the  buildings  of  the  Evanston  depart- 
ments of  the  university  are  the  following:  University  Hall,  Science  Hall, 
the  Gymnasium,  Heck  Hall,  Memorial  Hall,  the  new  Dormitory,  the  Swedish 
Seminary,  the  Dearborn  Observatory.  These  buildings  are  all  on  the  cam- 
pus of  the  university.  A  short  distance  west  of  the  campus  are  the  follow- 
ing buildings:  Women's  College,  College  cottage,  and  the  Norwegian-Dan- 
ish Theological  Seminary,.  The  colleges  of  medicine,  law,  pharmacy,  and 
dentistry  are  located  in  Chicago,  in  proximity  to  the  hospitals  and  the  courts 
of  law.  The  first  president  of  the  University  was  Rev.  Dr.  Clark  T.  Hinman. 
The  complete  list  of  presidents  up  to  date  is  as  follows:  1853-1856,  Rev.  C.  T. 
Hinman,  D.D. ;  1856 -1860,  Rev.  R.  S.  Foster,  D.D.,  now  Bishop  Foster;  1869- 
1872,  Rev.  E.  O.  Haven,  D.D.;  1872-1881,  Rev.  C.  H.  Fowler,  D.D.,  now  Bishop 
Fowler;  1881-1890,  Rev.  Joseph  Cummings,  D.D. ;  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  LL.  D., 
the  present  incumbent,  was  elected  to  the  presidency  in  the  summer  of 
1890. 

COLLEGE  OF  LIBERAL  ARTS.— The  College  of  Liberal  Arts  is  the  center  of 
the  entire  university  system.  The  regular  days  of  examination  for  admis- 
sion to  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  are  the  Monday  next  before  com- 
mencement and  the  Tuesday  next  before  the  opening  of  the  college  year. 
The  first  regular  examination  for  the  year  is  held  in  June,  and  the 
the  second  in  September.  Candidates  may  be  examined  and  admitted 
at  other  times ;  they  are  advised,  however,  to  enter  at  the  beginning  of  the 
year.  Candidates  for  admission  should  be  at  least  sixteen  years  of  age 
and  must  present  testimonials  of  good  moral  character. 

WOMAN'S  COLLEGE. — Northwestern  University  is  a  co-educational  insti- 
tution. In  1873  the  trustees  of  the  university  purchased  the  grounds,  build- 
ings and  apparatus  of  the  "  Evanston  College  for  Ladies,"  for  the  purpose  of 
combining  and  making  available  all  the  special  means  and  advantages  of 
both  institutions  for  the  college  education  of  women.  Young  women  arr 
admitted  to  all  the  undergraduate  departments  and  to  all  the  professional 
schools,  with  the  single  exception  of  the  College  of  Medicine.  The  Woman's 
College,  a  large  brick  structure,  completely  equipped,  is  located  on  groun'' 
of  its  own,  about  three  minutes'  walk  from  the  University  campus,  in  Evt — - 
ston.  To  accommodate  the  many  young  ladies  who  desire  to  secure  an  edu- 
cation at  a  cost  somewhat  less  than  the  regular  rates,  the  "College  Cottage," 
a  brick  building,  near  the  Woman's  College,  has  been  erected.  The  young 
ladies  in  this  building  have  charge  of  a  large  share  of  the  domestic  arrange- 
ments, and  expenses  are  thereby  greatly  reduced. 

PREPARATORY  SCHOOL. — Owing  to  the  lack  of  good  secondary  schools  the 
university  found  it  necessary  many  years  ago  to  establish  its  own  prepara- 


284  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

tory  department.  In  this  school  the  advanced  grade  of  scholarship  which 
the  university  seeks  to  maintain  may  be  begun  under  the  direct  supervision 
of  the  authorities  of  the  iiniversity.  The  graduates  of  this  department  pass, 
in  general,  to  the  freshman  class  of  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts,  but  many 
here  complete  their  preparations  for  eastern  colleges.  The  applicant  should 
be  at  least  thirteen  years  of  age,  and  must  have  such  proficiency  as  to  be 
able  in  one  term  to  complete  geography,  and  in  two  terms  to  complete 
arithmetic  and  English  grammar. 

GARRETT  BIBLICAL  INSTITUTE.— The  Garrett  Biblical  Institute,  the  theo- 
logical department  of  the  university,  has  been  in  operation  since  1856.  It  is 
open  to  all  young  men  from  any  evangelical  church  who  are  proper  persons 
to  study  in  preparation  for  the  Christian  ministry.  In  connection  with  the 
theological  school  there  is  a  Norwegian-Danish  department. 

SWEDISH  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY.— The  Swedish  Theological  Seminary 
was  established  in  1882  and  is  the  only  school  of  its  kind  under  the  patronage 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  From  this  school  preachers  are  sent  out 
to  nearly  every  state  in  the  union. 

SCHOOL  OP  ORATORY. — Students  from  other  colleges,  while  preparing  for 
various  oratorical  contests,  frequently  come  to  Northwestern  for  special 
training  in  this  school.  A  high  standard  of  oratory  is  maintained  at  the 
Northwestern  and  the  prize  speaking  at  commencement  brings  together  a 
great  audience.  The  College  of  Oratory  offers  a  two  years'  course  of  study 
and  gives  to  its  graduates  a  certificate  of  graduation. 

CONSERVATORY  OP  Music.— The  Conservatory  of  Music  has  for  some  time 
been  one  of  the  prominent  departments  of  the  university.  It  affords  facili- 
ties for  a  thorough  and  systematical  education  in  the  theory  and  practice 
of  music.  Pupils  in  music  are  advised  to  pursue  at  the  same  time  some 
studies  in  one  of  the  literary  departments  of  the  university.  Four  courses 
of  study  are  offered,  each  occupying  four  years. 

ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. — The  astronomical  department  of  the  uni- 
versity is  located  at  Evanston.  [See  "  Arts  and  Sciences."] 

THE  MEDICAL  SCHOOL. — The  Northwestern  University  Medical  School, 
formerly  known  as  the  Chicago  Medical  College,  is  located  in  Chicago, 
adjoining  the  Mercy  Hospital.  The  course  of  study  is  graded;  it  extends 
over  three  years,  and  leads  to  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine.  Students 
who  begin  their  medical  studies  in  this  college  are  required  to  take  three 
full  courses  of  lectures. 

SCHOOL  or  PHARMACY.— The  School  of  Pharmacy,  located  at  the  corner 
of  Lake  and  Dearborn  sts.,  Chicago,  is  one  of  the  most  numerously  attended 
schools  of  pharmacy  in  the  country.  This  college  being  especially  designed 
for  the  education  of  druggists,  the  requirements  for  entrance  are  such  as 
will  admit  the  great  majority  of  drug  clerks,  apprentices  and  persons  pre- 
paring for  the  drug  business.  Thus  a  good  common  public  school  educa- 
tion is  sufficient ;  but  no  person  under  eighteen  years  of  age  will  be  admitted. 
[See  "Education— Medical."] 

COLLEGE  OP  DENTAL  AND  OVAL  SURGERY.— The  college  of  dental  and 
oval  surgery  is  one  of  the  most  recently  established  departments  of  the  uni- 
versity. The  faculty  numbers  thirty-three  professors  and  instructors.  The 
requirements  for  admission  are  the  same  as  those  of  the  Chicago  Medical 
College.  The  course  of  study  is  graded  and  comprises  three  consecutive 
annual  courses  of  lectures  and  clinical  teaching.  A  fourth  year  is  provided 
for  those  who  desire  to  continue  their  studies  and  take  the  M.D.  degree. 

THE  LAW  SCHOOL. — The  Law  School  is  located  at40 Dearborn  St.,  Chicago. 
The  course  of  study  covers  two  years.  Students  entering  the  junior  class 
are  expected  to  have  at  leasts  good  common  school  education.  A  knowl- 
edge of  Latin  is  desirable,  but  is  not  required.  No  discrimination  on 
account  of  sex  or  color. 

NEW  LIBRARY  BUILDING.— Orrington  Lunt,  of  Evanston,  donated  $50,000 
to  the  Northwestern  University  for  the  erection  of  a  new  library  building. 


280  GtriDfc  TO  CUICACSO. 

The  library  is  located  on  the  campus  amid  the  other  University  buildings, 
The  library  contains  30,000  volumes.  Each  of  the  professional  schools  of 
the  university  has  its  special  library,  supplementing  the  general  library  of 
the  College  of  Liberal  Arts.  This  general  library  contains  a  large  number 
of  books  for  general  reading  and  reference,  and  for  use  in  the  several  de^ 
partments  of  study.  It  is  unusually  complete  in  the  departments  of  Greek 
and  Latin  literature.  Every  author  is  represented  by  the  best  editions 
from  the  earliest  date.  In  the  related  subjects  of  archaeology,  criticism  and 
history,  the  library  is  correspondingly  full,  so  that  in  the  special  field  of 
classical  philology  it  ranks  with  the  best  in  America.  In  modern  literature 
it  is  well  supplied  with  standard  works  in  German,  French,  Spanish  and 
Italian.  There  is  also  a  valuable  selection  of  books  illustrating  history, 
the  sciences  and  fine  arts.  There  is  a  reading  room  in  connection  with  the 
library  open  morning  and  afternoon,  supplied  with  a  good  collection  of 
reviews  and  other  periodicals.  Every  student  is  entitled  to  its  privileges. 
[See  "Libraries."! 

St.  Ignatius  College.— Located,  at  413  W.  Twelfth  st.,  adjoining  the  Jesuit 
Church.  Take  W.  Twelfth  st.  or  Blue  Island  ave.  car.  The  college  was 
erected  in  1869  for  the  higher  education  of  the  Catholic  youth  of  Chicago  and 
vicinity.  It  is  conducted  by  Fathers  of  the  Society  of  Jesus.  A  charter  was 
granted  to  the  institution  by  the  legislature  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  June  30, 
i870,  with  power  to  confer  the  usual  degrees  in  the  various  faculties  of  a 
university.  The  studies  pursued  in  the  college  comprise  the  doctrines  and 
evidences  of  the  Catholic  religion,  logic,  metaphysics,  ethics,  astronomy, 
natural  philosophy,  chemistry,  mathematics,  rhetoric,  composition,  elocu- 
tion, history,  geography,  book-keeping,  commercial  law,  arithmetic,  the 
Latin,  Greek,  English,  German  and  French  languages  and  literature. 
The  college  is  provided  with  siiitable  chemical  and  philosophical  apparatus, 
and  possesses  a  most  valuable  musetam.  The  library  numbers  about  16,000 
volumes.  There  are  also  select  libraries  for  the  use  of  the  stiidents.  The 
collegiate  year  is  divided  into  two  terms — the  first  beginning  on  the  first 
Monday  of  September,  the  second  on  the  first  Monday  of  February.  Stu- 
dents, however,  are  received  at  any  time  during  the  year. 

St.  Xamer's  Academy.— Located,  at  the  Cor.  of  Wabash  ave.  and  Twenty- 
ninth  st.  Conducted  by  the  Sisters  of  Mercy.  First  opened  in  1846,  and  is 
consequently  one  of  the  oldest,  as  it  is  one  of  the  best  educational  institu- 
tions of  the  city.  Take  State  st.  cable  line.  The  building  is  a  large  and 
handsome  edifice  of  brick  with  stone  trimmings.  Hot  and  cold  baths  are 
connected  with  the  various  departments,  and  the  arrangement  of  the 
structure  generally  is  well  adapted  to  the  purposes  for  which  it  is  dedicated. 
The  discipline  of  this  academy  is  mild,  yet  conducted  with  such  uniformity 
as  to  secure  order  and  regularity,  and  the  young  ladies  entrusted  to  the 
care  of  the  sisters  leave  their  charge  cultivated  intellectually,  strengthened 
and  fortified  morally,  and  with  habits  fixed,  which  secures  them  good  phy- 
sical as  well  as  mental  health.  The  scholastic  year  is  divided  into  two 
sessions  of  five  months  each,  the  first  session  commencing  on  the  first  of 
September;  the  second  on  the  first  of  February. 

University  of  Chicago.— Location,  between  Ellis  and  Lexington  aves.  and 
Fifty-seventh  st.  and  Midway  Plaisance.  Take  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable 
line,  South  side  elevated  railway,  or  Illinois  Central  railway.  This  univer- 
sity gives  promise  of  becoming,  at  an  early  day,  the  richest  as  well  as  the 
greatest  seat  of  learning  in  the  United  States.  The  old  institution  of  that 
name,  after  a  struggle  for  existence  for  nearly  thirty  years,  succumbed  to 
financial  difficulties  in  1886,  and  suspended  its  educational  work.  So  pro- 
found, hotrever, was  the  conviction  that  Chicago  was  the  ideal  location  for  a 
great  institution  of  learning,  that  efforts  began  to  be  made  almost  immedi- 
ately looking  to  the  establishment  of  a  new  university.  It  was  soon  found 
that  John  D.  Rockefeller  was  interested  in  the  project.  In  1888  the  Baptists 
of  the  United  States  organized  the  American  Baptist  Educational  Society, 
and  elected  Fred.  T.  Gates  its  corresponding  secretary.  Mr.  Gates  soon 
became  persuaded  that  the  first  great  work  for  the  new  society  to  undertake 
was  the  establishment  of  a  new  university  in  Chicago.  He  and  Mr.  Rocke- 


CJKXKRAL    INFORMATION.  287 

feller  entered  into  correspondence,  and  to  their  conferen.  es  with  each  other 
Chicago  owes  its  university.  In  May,  1889,  the  Education  Society  resolved 
to  undertake  the  raising  of  $1,000,000  to  found  a  well  equipped  college  in  this 
city,  and  Mr.  Rockefeller  at  once  made  a  subscription  of  $600,000,  condi- 
tioned on  the  subscription  being  increased  to  a  full  $1,000,000  within  one 
year.  T.  W.  Goodspeed  was  associated  with  Mr.  Gates  in  the  effort  to  raise 
the  $400,000  required  by  this  condition.  Not  only  was  this  done  within  the 
time  specified,  but  $150,000  more  than  was  required  was  secured. 

THE  GREAT  DONATIONS.— Marshall  Field  gave  a  site  of  a  block  and  a  half 
valued  at  $125,000,  but  now  worth  much  more  than  that  sum.  To  this  gift  from 
Mr.  Field  there  has  since  been  added  two  and  a  half  blocks,  making  the  pres- 
ent site  four  blocks.  The  intersecting  streets  have  been  vacated  by  the  city 
council  so  that  the  site  consists  of  a  solid  block  802  by  1,261  feet,  or  nearly 
twenty-four  acres.  Washington  Park  lies  four  blocks  west  and  Jackson 
Park  seven  blocks  east.  The  site  fronts  south  on  the  Plaisance  which  is 
itself  a  park  connecting  Washington  and  Jackson.  These  magnificent 
parks  are  the  pleasure  grounds  of  the  students,  affording  facilities  for  all 
kinds  of  outdoor  games  and  exercises.  Immediately  after  the  organization 
of  the  board  of  trustees,  Prof.  Wm.  Rainy  Harper,  of  Yale  University,  was 
elected  president  of  the  university.  It  was  the  conviction  of  Dr.  Harper  that 
the  institution  shotild  from  the  outset  be  in  fact  as  well  as  in  name  a  true 
university.  With  this  view  Mr.  Rockefeller  and  Mr.  Gates  heartily  agreed, 
and  on  the  day  of  Dr.  Harper's  election  to  the  presidency  he  read  to  the 
board  a  new  subscription  from  Mr.  Rockefeller  for  one  million  dollars. 
This  great  sum  was  given  for  the  express  purpose  of  making  the  new  insti- 
tution a  true  university.  It  required  the  establishment  of  a  great  graduate 
department,  the  transferring  of  the  Morgan  Park  Theological  Seminary  to 
the  new  site  as  the  divinity  school  of  the  university,  and  the  establishment 
of  a  well  equipped  academy  in  the  buildings  of  the  seminary  at  Morgan 
Park.  In  the  spring  of  1891  the  executors  and  trustees  of  the  estate  of  Wm. 
B.  Ogden,  the  first  mayor  of  Chicago,  designated  seventy  per  cent,  of  the 
bequest  under  Mr.  Ogden's  will  for  benevolent  purposes  to  the  new  univer- 
sity. In  making  the  designation  they  expressed  the  hope  that  the  university 
would  receive  about  $500,000  from  the  estate.  With  this  sum  the  trustees  are 
to  establish  "The  Ogden  Scientific  School  of  the  University  of  Chicago," 
for  advanced  graduate  scientific  instruction.  Although  there  is  a  contest 
over  the  will,  the  board  is  confident  that  the  full  amount  indicated  above 
will  finally  be  realized  from  the  estate  for  the  scientific  school. 

THE  ROCKEFELLER  GIFTS.— Mr.  Rockefeller's  gifts  up  to  this  time,  had 
been  princely,  and  it  was  not  supposed,  by  the  public,  at  least,  that  he 
would  make  further  donations.  But  in  April,  1892  it  was  announced  that  he 
had  contributed  another  million  dollars.  Upon  receipt  of  this  intelligence, 
Marshall  Field  announced  that  he  would  give  $100,000  toward  a  building 
fund  of  $1,000,000  to  be  raised  within  ninety  days.  Before  the  time  expired 
the  $900,000  in  addition  to  Mr.  Field's  gift  were  raised. 

THE  YERKES  GIFT.— The  next  surprise  for  the  public  came  from  Mr. 
Charles  T.  Yerkes,  the  street  car  millionaire  [see  "Yerkes  Telescope," 
under  heading  "  Arts  and  Sciences,"]  who  contributed  $500,000  for  the  con- 
struction of  an  astronomical  observatory  for  the  viniversity.  Following 
this  magnificent  gift  came  a  donation  of  $250,000,  from  Mrs.  Reynolds, 
widow  of  a  celebrated  Mississippi  river  steamboat  owner,  known  the 
country  over  as  "  Diamond  Joe."  This  sum  was  to  be  put  into  a  memorial 
building  for  her  late  husband,  to  be  erected  on  the  campus.  And  about 
Christmas  time,  1892,  Mr.  Rockefeller  donated  an  additional  $1,000,000,  mak- 
ing $3,600,000  in  all  from  this  generous  citizen  of  the  republic.  Many  smaller 
contributions  have  been  make. 

LIST  OF  BEQUESTS,  ETC. — The  list  of  bequests  and  donations,  as  near  '^s  it 
can  be  given,  up  to  the  spring  of  1893,  is  as  follows:  John  D.  Rockefeller, 
$3,600,000;  Ogden  estate,  $500,000:  C.  T.  Yerkes,  $500,000;  Divinity  school 
original  funds,  $500,000;  Marshall  Field,  $300,000;  Mrs.  Reynolds,  $250,000; 
Sidney  A.  Kent,  $180,000-  ~.  B.  Cobb,  $150,000;  Martin  A.  Ryerson.  $250,000: 


288  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

George  C.  Walker.  $100,000;  Mrs.  N.  S.  Foster,  $50,000;  Mrs.  Mary  Beecher, 
$50,000;  Mrs.  Henrietta  Snell,  $50,000;  Major  H.  A.  Rust,  $50,000;  Mrs.  E.  G. 
Kelley,  $50,000;  F.  E.  Hinckley,  $50,000;  George  C.  Walker  (trustee),  $30,000: 
Standard  Club,  $25,000;  E.  Nelson  Blake,  $25,000;  Mrs.  Martin  Ryerson, 
$10,000;  John  A.  Reichelt,  $10,000;  C.  C.  Bowen,  $10,000.  The  last  gift  of 
$1,000,000  placed  the  university  third  among  the  rich  colleges  of  the 
country,  leaving  Leland  Stanford  out.  The  new  California  school's 
endowment  is  called  $20,000,000,  but  that  is  only  a  price  set  upon  California 
lands  by  Californians.  In  riches  the  universities  rank  about  this  way: 
Harvard,  $12,000,000;  Columbia,  $10,000,000;  University  of  Chicago,  $7,000,000; 
Cornell,  $6,000,000;  John  Hopkins,  $4,500,000. 

GATHERING  THE  FACULTY.— In  the  meantime  President  Harper  wasbusily 
engaged  in  securing  the  services  of  the  ablest  teachers  in  every  branch  of 
higher  education.  With  the  means  at  his  disposal  he  was  able  to  offer  in- 
ducements which  could  not  very  well  be  disregarded.  The  salaries 
offered  drew  the  ablest  and  most  distinguished  professors  from  such  col- 
leges and  universities  as  Brown,  Cornell,  Yale,  Harvai'd,  Clark  and  the  sev- 
eral state  universities. 

BUILDINGS  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY. — Not  all  of  the  great  buildings  areas  yet 
(1893)  completed,  but  those  that  have  been  erected  are  worthy  of  this  insti- 
tution. Cobb  Lecture  Hall  and  the  ad  joining  dormitory  are  the  only  perma- 
nent buildings  completed.  Of  the  lecture  hall,  no  one  who  has  seen  it  can 
say  too  much  in  honest  praise.  Mr.  Cobb  with  such  deftness  and  imagina- 
tion as  only  a  master  architect  possesses,  has  contrived  a  structure  that 
might  be  800  years  old  from  its  placid  gray  and  the  general  tone  of  subdued 
age  it  wears.  Professor  Lawrence  who  had  lately  came  from  Cambridge,  was 
fascinated  by  Cobb  Hall.  Of  the  other  buildings,  Kent  Chemical  Laboratory, 
Foster  Hall,  Kelley  Hall,  Beecher  Hall,  Woman's  Hall,  Snell  Hall  and  the 
Walker  Museum  [see  "Arts  and  Sciences"]  will  be  completed  before  the 
close  of  the  present  summer  (1893).  In  the  mean  time  a  temporary  building 
for  the  general  library  and  the  gymnasium  has  been  put  up,  the  Kenwood 
observatory  is  in  use  for  the  classes  in  astronomy,  a  building  at  Fifty- 
fifth  and  Lexington  ave.,  is  used  by  the  departments  of  biology,  physics, 
chemistry  and  geology  and  two  apartment  buildings,  "The  Beatrice"  and 
"The  Drexel,"  have  been  leased  for  dormitories. 

THE  FIRST  QUARTER.  -The  first  quarter  of  the  University  of  Chicago 
showed  an  attendance  of  766  students.  Of  these  150  were  "preps."  The 
remainder  were  divided  as  follows:  Graduate  department,  160;  Divinity 
school,  181 ;  Undergraduate  departments,  275;  Total,  exclusive  of  preparing 
students,  616. 

LIBRARY  OP  THE  UNIVERSITY. — The  university  has  350,000  volumes,  in 
round  numbers.  [See  "Libraries."] 

NEW  DEPARTURE  IN  EDUCATION. — The  new  institution  marks  a  new 
departure  in  educational  methods.  1.  It  continues  in  operation  the  year 
round.  There  will  be  four  quarters  of  twelve  weeks  each,  with  a  vacation 
of  one  week  between  the  end  of  one  quarter  and  the  beginning  of  the  next. 
Each  quarter  is  divided  into  two  terms  of  six  weeks  each.  2.  All  coui-ses 
of  instruction  are  classified  as  majors  and  minors,  the  major  requiring  from 
ten  to  twelve  hours  of  class-room  work  each  week,  the  minor  four  to  six 
hours.  Each  student  takes,  as  a  rule,  one  major  and  one  minor  study  at  a 
time.  3.  Professors  and  students  may  take  their  vacations  in  any  quarter, 
or  may  take  any  two  terms  for  their  vacations,  one  in  one  part  of  the  year 
and  the  other  in  another  part,  or,  if  able,  may  work  the  entire  year.  A 
teacher  who  teaches  three  full  years  of  forty-eight  weeks  each,  will  be  enti- 
tled to  a  full  year's  vacation  on  full  pay.  A  student  by  working  the  year 
round  may  complete  the  full  college  course  in  three  years.  4.  A  student 
may  enter  at  the  beginning  of  any  quarter  or  any  term.  All  students  are 
admitted  on  examination,  and  may  enter  any  stage  of  the  course  for  which 
they  are  prepared.  These  arrangements  are  proving  equally  attractive  to 
professors  and  students,  and  seem  to  promise  great  advantages  to  both. 
The  university  has  in  hand  and  in  sight  assets  amounting  to  about  $3,000,- 


[Engraved  for  The  Standaid  Guide  Company.] 

P.  F.  PETTIBONE  &  CO.,  STATIONERS,  46-48-50  JACKSON  ST. 
[See  "Western  Industry."] 


290  mriDK   TO   CITICAOO. 

000,  above  two-thirds  of  which  will  be  in  the  form  of  a  permanent  endowment 
fund.  It  is  now  appealing  to  the  citizens  of  Chicago  for  $1,000,000  as  a  build- 
ing- fund.  It  is  also  confidently  believed  that  the  endowments  will  be  so 
increased  as  to  insure  for  Chicago  one  of  the  great  universities  of  the  world. 

A  NON-SECTARIAN  INSTITUTION.— Although  the  university  was  conceived 
and  founded  by  Baptists,  it  has  not  been  their  purpose  to  make  it  a  Baptist 
university.  It  is  not  managed  or  known  as  a  sectarian  institution. 

COMBINING  Two  UNIVERSITIES.— It  is  very  probable  that  Lake  Forest 
University  [see  "Lake  Forest  University,"]  will  become  an  adjunct  to  the 
University  of  Chicago,  by  consolidation,  at  an  early  day. 

FOR  BOTH  SEXES.— Women  have  equal  rights  and  privileges  with  men  in 
every  department  of  the  university. 

PREPARATORY  SCHOOL.— The  University  of  Chicago  has  located  its  pre- 
paratory  school  at  Morgan  Park.  It  has  absorbed  the  Baptist  Theological 
School,  the  Illinois  Military  Academy  and  the  Chicago  Female  College.  It 
has  already  five  commodious  buildings  and  will  spend  $150,000  in  making 
additional  improvements. 

University  School. — New  building,  located  at  Dearborn  ave.  and  Elm  st., 
North  side.  Take  N.  State  st.  or  N.  Clark  st.  cars.  The  building  is 
four  stories,  50  by  90  feet,  of  the  Gothic  order,  and  cost  $100,000.  The  exterior 
is  plain  and  simple,  of  brown  stone  up  to  eight  feet  in  height,  above 
which  the  walls  rise  in  terra  cotta  and  red  pressed  brick.  The  ornamenta- 
tion is  in  terra  cotta  and  brown  stone.  The  University  School  prepares 
boys  for  colleges,  universities  or  scientific  schools. 

University  of  Illinois. — Located  at  Champaign.  Supported  by  the  State 
of  Illinois.  An  educational  institution  of  a  high  order,  though  not  ranking 
with  other  state  universities.  Many  improvements  have  been  made.  A  new 
hall  of  natural  history,  a  chapel,  a  museum,  etc.,  are  to  be  provided  for  by 
the  legislature.  The  institution  is  in  char~e  of  trustees  appointed  by  the 
governor. 

EDUCATION— BUSINESS  COLLEGES. 

There  are  a  number  of  business  colleges  in  Chicago,  the  most  prominent 
being  Bryant  &  Stratton's,  Metropolitan  Business  College,  West  Side  Biisi- 
ness  College,  Central  Business  College  and  Union  Business  College. 

Union  Business  College. — Location,  51,  53,  55  Dearborn  st.,  E.  D.  Clifford, 
principal.  A  popular  educational  institution  for  the  training  of  young 
men  and  women  in  business  methods.  Open  throughout  the  year  for  daily 
lessons.  Evening  sessions  held  from  September  to  June.  There  are  short- 
hand, telegraph,  bookkeeping,  English  and  penmanship  departments.  In 
the  shorthand  department,  shorthand,  spelling,  typewriting,  punctuation 
and  general  office  work  is  taught,  the  Remington  being  the  machine  tised. 
In  the  telegraph  department,  telegraphy,  spelling,  typewriting  and  abbrevi- 
ating are  taught.  This  is  pronounced  the  largest  and  best  equipped  tele- 
graph school  in  the  business;  fully  supplied  with  implements  of  the  very 
best  make  with  relay  key  and  switch  board.  The  teacher  in  this  depart- 
ment is  an  expert  operator.  In  the  bookkeeping  department,  bookkeeping, 
penmanship,  arithmetic  and  commercial  law  are  taught.  In  the  English 
department,  reading,  arithmetic,  writing,  grammar,  spelling  and  history 
are  taught.  The  penmanship  is  plain,  easy  flowing  handwriting.  Tuition 
fees:  for  regular  courses,  per  month,  $12;  per  term  of  three  months,  $30;  per 
term  of  six  months,  $55.  Evening  courses,  per  month,  $5;  per  term  of  eight 
months,  $32.  The  principal  of  this  college,  Mr.  E.  D.  Clifford,  received  his 
training  in  one  of  the  greatest  business  colleges  of  the  country.  The  Union 
Business  College  stands  high  with  the  merchants  of  the  city,  and  graduates 
secure  positions  in  mercantile  establishments  easily. 

EDUCATION— LAW. 

The  great  universities  and  colleges  have  absorbed  the  leading  law 
schools  of  Chicago. 


GENERAL,    INFORMATION.  291 

Chicago  College  of  Law.— Branch  of  the  Lake  Forest  University.  Loca- 
tion, 78  La  Salle  st.  [See  "  Lake  Forest  University."] 

Union  College  of  Law.— Branch  of  the  Northwestern  University.  Loca- 
tion, 40  Dearborn  st.  [See  "  Northwestern  University.1'] 

EDUCATION— MEDICAL. 

The  Medical  colleges  of  Chicago  are  numerous  and  many  of  them  rank 
among  the  greatest  in  the  country.  The  medical  departments  of  the  North- 
western University  are,  as  a  rule,  referred  to  in  connection  with  that  institu- 
tion. Following  are  the  leading  medical  institutes: 

Bennett  Medical  College. — Location,  Cor.  Ada  and  Fulton  sts.  Also  a 
hospital.  Contains  lecture  rooms,  etc. 

Chicago  Coll  ege  of  Pharmacy. — Location,  465  State  st.  A  college  for  gen- 
eral instruction  in  pharmacy. 

Chicago  Homoeopathic  Medical  College.— Location,  Cor.  Wood  and  York 
sts.,  opposite  County  Hospital.  A  three-story  building,  provided  with  ample 
amphitheatre,  four  clinic  rooms,  two  large  dissecting  rooms,  etc.  A  college 
of  high  standing. 

Chicago  Medical  College.— [See  "Northwestern  University."] 

Chicago  Pharmaceutical  College. — Location,  Dearborn  between  Twenty- 
fourth  and  Twenty-fifth  sts.  An  extension  of  the  Northwestern  University. 
[See  "Northwestern  University.'']  This  is  one  of  the  newest  and  hand- 
somest colleges  in  the  city.  Its  cost  was  $100,000.  It  is  five  stories  high,  the 
first  story  being  of  Bedford  stone  and  the  other  four  of  brick  and  terra 
cotta.  .  i 

Chicago  Polyclinic.—\See  ' '  Charities."] 

Chicago  Veterinary  College. — Location,  2537  State  st.  A  veterinary  school 
of  high  standing.  Has  twelve  teachers. 

College  of  Dental  and  Oval  Surgery.— [See  "  Northwestern  University."] 

College  of  Dental  Surgery,  The  Chicago. — The  Chicago  College  of  Dental 
Surgery,  dental  department  of  Lake  Forest  University,  is  located  at  the 
N.  E.  Cor.  Michigan  ave.,  and  Randolph  st.,  Chicago.  The  college  build- 
ing occupies  the  three  upper  floors  which  are  easily  reached  by  two 
elevators.  The  top  floor  contains  the  lecture  room,  chemical  and  senior 
mechanical  laboratories,  faculty  room,  college  museum  and  dissecting 
room,  The  floor  below  is  devoted  entirely  to  the  Infirmary  which  in  all  of 
its  appointments,  students'  lockers,  waiting  I'oom,  etc..  is  the  most  complete 
in  the  dental  world,  The  lowest  floor  furnishes  space  for  the  college  gym- 
nasium and  laboratories  of  the  under  class  men.  In  the  present  location 
the  college  began  its  three  year  course  of  study.  The  course  of  instruction 
of  the  college  embraces  physiology,  histology,  oval  surgery,  materia  inedica, 
therapeutics,  anatomy,  operative  dentistry,  chemistry,  dental  pathology 
and  dental  technics. 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  The. — This  institution  is  located  at 
813W.  Harrison  st.,  at  the  Cor.  ot  Honore  st.,  and  faces  the  County  hospital. 
The  buildings  cover  an  area  of  107  feet  by  100  feet,  and  they  are  six  stories 
high.  The  college  has  a  hospital  under  its  exclusive  management  on  the  Cor. 
of  Lincoln  and  Congress  sts.,  only  one  block  away.  The  faculty  is  composed 
of  thirty  professors,  and  about  the  same  number  of  clinical  teachers,  labor- 
atory demonstrators  and  assistants.  The  course  of  study  in  this  institution 
covers  four  years,  and  the  highest  preliminary  examination  is  maintained 
for  admission. 

Hahnemann  Medical  College.— Location,  2813  Cottage  Grove  ave.  The 
college  was  housed  in  a  magnificent  new  structure  in  1893.  This  building  is 
the  largest  and  best-equipped  homoeopathic  school  in  America.  It  is  five 
stories  high,  built  of  Bedford  granite.  It  contains  two  amphitheatres  fitted 


292  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

in  marble,  a  recitation  room,  reading  room  and  two  chemical  laboratories. 
The  entire  structure  cost  $40,000. 

Illinois  College  of  Pharmacy.— Location,  S.  W.  Cor.  Lake  and  Dearborn 
sts.  [See  "  Northwestern  University."] 

National  Homoeopathic  College.— Organized  in  1892  by  a  number  of  physi- 
cians interested  in  the  new  German- American  Homoeopathic  College.  The 
latter  has  existed  only  in  name.  It  was  founded  by  Dr.  J.  Malok,  who  was 
the  treasurer.  Some  dispute  having  arisen,  it  was  determined  to  found  a 
new  college,  and  the  faculty  of  the  German-American  became  members  of 
the  faculty  of  the  new  institution. 

Northwestern  University  Woman's  Medical  School—The  Northwestern 
University  Woman's  Medical  School,  formerly  Woman's  Medical  College  of 
Chicago,  is  located  at  333-339  S.  Lincoln  St.,  opposite  Cook  County  Hospital. 
The  school  was  organized  in  1870,  with  the  late  Wm.  H.  Byford,  M.  D.,  as  its 
president,  a  position  which  he  held  until  his  death,  three  years  ago.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  Dr.  Chas.Warrington  Earle,  as  senior  professor,  was  elected 
president.  The  first  course  of  lectures  was  delivered  in  a  hospital  on  N. 
State  st.  but  the  college  soon  found  quarters  at  Nos.  1  and  3  N.  Clark  St., 
only  to  be  driven  out  in  a  few  weeks  by  the  memorable  fire  of  1871.  Lectures 
were  soon  resumed  at  341  W.  Adams  st.,  and  a  little  later  the  school  moved 
to  598  Adams  st.,  and  thence  to  Paulina  st.,  corner  of  Adams,  where  an  indif- 
ferent stable  was  converted  into  a  comfortable  medical  college..  After  seven 
years  of  wandering  and  continuous  changes,  the  college  took  possession  of 
its  present  quarters,  which  have  from  time  to  time  been  enlarged  and  im- 
proved and  fine  laboratories  added  until  now  the  institution  has  a  property 
valued  at  $60,000  and  a  constantly  increasing  attendance  of  students.  During 
the  years  1891  and  1892,  the  Woman's  Medical  College  became  a  part  of  the 
Northwestern  University  and  assumed  the  name,  Northwestern  University 
Woman's  Medical  School.  This  union  with  the  university  makes  the  former 
graduates  alumni  of  the  university  and  gives  all  its  students  access  to  the 
extensive  physiological,  pathological  and  bacteriological  laboratories  of 
the  university. 

Pasteur  Institute.— This  institute  has  been  very  successful  in  Chicago. 
In  a  report  issued  by  Dr.  A.  Lagoria,  in  1892,  the  information  was  given  that 
252  persons  had  applied  to  the  Institute  for  treatment.  The  treatment,  how- 
ever, was  not  given  to  1-1-3  applicants,  as  not  reasonable  evidence  was  pro- 
duced to  demonstrate  that  the  animals  which  inflicted  the  bites  were  rabid. 
Only  104  received  treatment. 

Hush  Medical  College.— Location,  Cor.  Wood  and  W.  Harrison  sts.,  oppo- 
site main  entrance  to  County  Hospital.  A  handsome  three-story  structure 
containing  lecture  rooms,  etc.  Being  contiguous  to^the  County,  the  Presby- 
terian and  other  hospitals,  opportunities  are  afforded  for  clinics.  The  Rush 
Medical  College  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  West.  Its  faculty  is  large  and 
representative. 

EDUCATION-MUSICAL. 

For  many  years  Chicago  has  been  granted  the  distinction,  even  by  older 
cities  of  this  country,  of  being  a  center  for  musical  education.  The  con- 
servatories of  music  in  existence  here  rank  among  the  best  in  the  country. 
Among  the  leading  colleges  of  music  are  the  following: 

American  Conservatory  of  Music.— The  American  Conservatory  is  gen- 
erally recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  schools  of  music  in  the  West.  It  is 
located  in  Chickering  Hall,  Cor.  W abash  ave.  and  Jackson  st.  The  faculty 
numbers  forty  members,  each  one  standing  high  in  his  or  her  profession, and 
the  course  of  study  is  not  only  comprehensive  and  thorough  but  also  prac- 
tical and  progressive.  A  normal  department  for  the  training  of  teachers 
and  a  pupils'  orchestra  are  prominent  features.  John  J.  Hattstaedt,  one  of 
the  best  known  and  most  successful  musical  educators,  is  the  director.  The 


294  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

admirable  catalogue  published  annually  by  the  institution  will  give  full 
particulars. 

Balatka  School  of  Musical  Art.— Located  in  Kiinball  Hall.  Director, 
Hans  Balatka. 

Blaisdell- Preisch  Conservatory  of  Music. — Established  1892.  Location, 
Cor.  State  and  Jackson  sts.  For  musical  and  dramatic  instruction. 

Chicago  College  of  Vocal  and  Instrumental  Art.— Location,  Kimball  Hall. 
Director,  A.  H.  Ruff.  A  large  staff  of  assistants  is  employed. 

Chicago  Conservatory. — Location,  9th  floor  of  Auditorium  bldg.  Director, 
Prof.  Samuel  Kayser.  A  large  force  of  instructors  in  the  musical  and 
dramatic  arts  is  employed.  Students  are  fitted  for  the  amateur  or  profes- 
sional stage. 

Chicago  Musical  College.— Location,  Central  Music  Hall.  One  of  the 
oldest  and  most  widely  celebrated  musical  conservatories  in  the  United 
States.  Director,  F.  Ziegf eld.  A  large  and  competent  staff  of  instructors 
is  employed.  This  institute  has  pupils  from  all  parts  of  the  country. 

National  Conservatory  of  Music.— Location,  113  Adams  st. 

Tourjee  Conservatory  of  Music.— Location,  241  243  State  st.  Mr.  Homer 
Tourjee,  director  of  Tourjee  Conservatory  of  Music  of  Chicago,  is  the  son  of 
Dr.  Eben  Tourjee,  founder  and  originator  of  the  largest  musical  institution 
in  the  world,  the  New  England  Conservatory  of  Boston.  Mr.  Tourjee  having 
been  associated  with  his  father  in  his  great  work  for  several  years,  is  there- 
fore particularly  adapted  and  fitted,  by  natui-e  and  training,  to  perpetuate 
the  great  work  of  his  father  and  to  give  to  the  public  some  of  the  results  and 
fruits  of  his  labor.  The  Tourjee  Conservatory  of  Chicago  is  at  once  taking 
a  prominent  place  among-  the  leading  and  best  organized  schools  in  the 
country.  Founded  on  a  broad  and  liberal  basis,  with  a  faculty  comprising 
many  musicians  of  note  and  educators  of  large  experience,  The  Tourjee 
Conservatory  of  music  although  young  in  its  present  history,  has  evidently 
spread  its  reputation  abroad  as  a  well  organized  and  thoroughly  equipped 
institution,  known  for  its  thoroughness  and  unsurpassed  advantages.  The 
school  has  already  enrolled  among  its  patronage,  pupils  from  Oregon,  South 
Dakota,  Wyoming,  Nebraska,  Arkansas  and  San  Francisco,  which  certainly 
argues  most  favorably  for  the  success  of  this  worthy  institution. 

Other  Musical  Colleges.— There  are  musical  departments  in  all  the 
universities,  colleges  and  academies  of  Chicago. 

EDUCATION-PUBLIC. 

Public  education  in  the  United  States  is  held  to  be  one  of  the  highest 
responsibilities  of  government.  The  public  schools  are  supported  by  state 
endowments  and  by  direct  taxation.  Outside  of  the  district  of  Columbia, 
the  territories  and  the  Indian  reservations,  the  Federal  government  exer- 
cises no  jui'isdiction  or  supervision  over  educational  matters.  The  laws 
relating  to  education  vary  in  the  several  states,  but  their  general  aim — the 
free  education  of  the  masses — is  the  same.  In  the  state  of  Illinois  there  are, 
aside  from  the  state  department  of  public  instruction,  village,  township, 
municipal  and  county  school  boards.  The  public  schools  of  Chicago  are  in 
charge  of  a  "Board  of  Education,"  vacancies  in  which  are  filled  by  the 
mayor,  as  they  occur  from  time  to  time.  Women  are  eligible  to  appoint- 
ment. Something  about  public  education  in  the  state  of  Illinois,  will  be  of 
value  and  interest  to  the  visitor,  before  the  subject  of  public  education  in 
Chicago  is  taken  up. 

County  School  Statistics.— The  report  of  the  county  superintendent  of 
schools  for  the  year  1892,  contains  the  following  statistical  information  :  Th»> 
number  of  schoolhouses  in  1892  is  427,  of  which  230  ai*e  in  the  city;  the  iium- 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  295 

ber  of  high  schools,  16,  of  which  12  are  in  the  city;  the  number  of  graded 
schools,  299,  of  which  230  are  in  the  city.  This  shows  an  increase  of  18 
schools.  There  are  268  male  and  3,495  female  teachers  in  the  county,  50  men 
and  85  women  being1  engaged  in  the  county  schools.  The  school  census 
shows  588,362  children  in  the  county  under  21  years  of  age  and  359,350  between 
the  ages  of  6  and  21.  In  the  public  schools  are  enrolled  175,128  pupils,  of 
Avhom  157,743  live  in  the  city.  In  the  private  schools  of  the  city  are  67,288 
pupils  and  in  those  of  the  county  3,497.  The  average  daily  attendance  in 
both  city  and  county  schools  was  123,657.  This  is  70  per  cent  of  the  total 
enrollment.  The  average  number  of  days  each  pupil  attended  school  was 
141.21.  The  total  number  of  teachers  examined  by  the  county  superintendent 
WHS  877  and  the  number  of  certificates  issued  422.  The  total  expenditures 
on  county  public  schools  were  $311,569.12. 

Illinois  School  Statistics.— From  the  report  of  the  state  superintendent  of 
public  institutions  for  the  year  1891  and  1892,  it  appears  that  in  Illinois  in 
the  year  ending  June  30,  1892,  there  were  927,234  males  under  the  age  of  21 
years.  This  is  48,029  more  than  contained  in  the  report  of  1890.  The  females 
under  21  years  in  1892  were  911,555,  or  46,716  more  than  1890.  The  number  of 
males  and  of  female,s  of  school  age — between  the  age  of  6  and  21  years — is 
618,543  and  603,289,  or,  respectively,  28,542  and  29,850  more  than  in  1890. 

AVERAGE  DAILY  ATTENDANCE. — The  average  daily  attendance  in  these 
schools  was  574,738,  an  increase  of  4  per  cent  on  the  attendance  of  1890. 
In  1892  the  children  in  daily  attendance  was  71.1  per  cent  of  the  number 
enrolled.  In  1890  this  percentage  was  69.2.  The  average  number  of  days  that 
each  pupil  enrolled  attended  school  in  1892  was  110.3;  in  1890,  107,5.  Total 
days  of  attendance  in  1892  wo:  :  Graded  schools,  58,715,779;  in  ungraded 
schools,  30,598,623 ;  in  both,  80,314,':02.  In  1890  it  was :  Graded  schools,  52,802,236; 
ungraded  schools,  30,851,107;  in  both,  83,656,370. 

COST  OF  EDUCATION,  ETC.— The  total  amount  paid  teachers  in  the  public 
schools  was  $7,963, 101. 46,  and  the  total  expenditures  of  the  districts  for  the 
schools  was  $12,968,860.86.  The  total  value  of  the  public  school  buildings  and 
sites,  libraries,  and  apparatus  is  $30,580,362.65.  The  cost  of  tuition  for  each 
person  of  school  age  is  $6.52;  for  enrollment,  $9.84;  for  average  daily  atten- 
dance, $19.33.  The  total  cost  of  schooling  for  persons  of  school  age  is  $10.88 
per  pupil;  for  enrollment,  $16.42;  for  average  daily  attendance,  $23.08.  The 
cost  per  pupil  for  tuition  is  a  little  higher  than  in  1890;  but,  owing  to 
the  increased  expenditure  for  buildings  and  improvements,  the  total  cost  of 
schooling  per  pupil  has  been  raised  since  1890. 

ENROLLMENT  IN  GRADED  SCHOOLS.— The  enrollment  in  graded  schools  in 
1892  is  reported  as  219,305  for  males  and  225,569  for  females,  or  an  increase  of 
21,295  for  the  foi-mer  and  23,420  for  the  latter  in  two  years.  In  ungraded 
schools  the  enrollment  of  males  is  191,853  and  of  females  172,725.  This  is  a 
decrease  of  7,327  for  males  and  of  6,255  for  females  since  1890.  The  total 
enrollment  of  pupils  in  public  schools  is  809,452,  an  increase  of  31,132  in  two 
years. 

PRIVATE  SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE.— Nine  hundred  and  fifty -five  private 
schools  report  an  attendance  of  90,444  pupils,  of  which  44,353  are  males. 
There  are  1,033  male  and  1,834  female  teachers  in  these  schools. 

SCHOOL  DISTRICTS. — There  are  11,578  school  districts,  12,372  school-houses 
and  1,666  graded  schools,  including  234  high  schools  in  the  state.  The  aver- 
age number  of  months  the  schools  were  in  session  was  7.4,  or  155  days. 

SCHOOL  LIBRARIES. — One  thousand  nine  hundred  and  eighteen  districts 
report  libraries  containing  322,482  books. 

Chicago  Public  School  System. — The  investment  of  public  funds  in  edu- 
cation in  Chicago,  from  the  opening  of  the  public  schools  to  date,  is,  in 
round  figures,  about  $60,000,000. 

ABUSES. — The  visitor  will  hear  much  of  abuses  in  the  nature  of  "  fads," 
which  have  crept  into  the  common  schools.  The  "  fads  "  are  the  study  of 
the  German  language,  singing,  sewing,  physical  culture,  etc.,  etc.  These 
branches  of  study,  however,  have  their  supporters.  The  common  or  public 


296  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

schools  of  Chicago  aim  to  cover  all  branches  of  lower  education,  general 
and  technical. 

ATTENDANCE,  TEACHERS,  ETC. — The  total  enrollment  for  1892  was  152,005; 
male,  74,366;  female,  77,639;  number  of  teachers,  3,420;  pupils  attending 
department  high  schools,  5,463;  grammar,  34,056;  primary,  99,328;  total 
attendance,  138,847;  seats  owned  by  city ,  1X5,613 ;  in  i-ented  buildings,  9,776; 
total  tardiness  for  eleven  months,  56,801;  pupils  studying  vocal  music, 
137,280;  drawing,  116,802;  German,  35,020. 

COMPULSORY  EDUCATION. — There  is  a  compulsory  ediication  law  in  force 
in  this  state,  the  provisions  of  which  would  reqiiire  too  much  space  to  set 
forth.  In  effect,  however,  it  provides  that  all  children  between  the  ages  of 
seven  and  fourteen  years  shall  be  in  some  school  for  at  least  sixteen  wyeeks 
of  each  year.  It  cToes  not  insist  upon  attendance  at  public  schools.  They 
may  be  public,  private,  or  parochial,  but  the  law  flatly  states  that  all  chil- 
dren who  are  able  must  be  at  school  somewhere  for  the  time  specified. 
Reasonable  exceptions  are  made,  of  course,  and  are  observed  at  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  truant  agents.  The  process  of  picking  up  a  child  from  the 
streets  and  placing  him  in  school  is  called  by  the  agents  "an  investiga- 
tion." 

COOK  COUNTY  NORMAL  SCHOOL. — Situated  on  Stewart  ave.,  near  Sixty- 
seventh  st.  Post-office  address,  Englewood,  Cook  county.  Take  train  at 
Van  Buren  st.  depot,  Van  Buren  and  Sherman  sts.  An  institution  for  the 
higher  education  of  public  school  graduate  desirous  of  becoming  teachers. 
A  gymnasium,  67x108  feet  in  size,  has  been  added  to  the  normal  school.  Its 
cost  was  $26,000.  A  running  track,  eight  feet  wide  and  270  feet  to  the  lap,  is 
suspended  from  the  trxisses  ten  feet  above  the  floor  line.  The  building  is 
approached  by  a  commodious,  porch,  twelve  feet  by  forty-four  feet,  and 
entered  by  a  vestibule,  seven  feet  by  twenty-one  feet,  with  seven  by  ten 
feet  offices  to  the  right  and  left.  From  each  corner  projects  a  one-story 
annex,  twenty-two  by  twenty-six  feet.  These  are  fitted  up  for  boys'  and 
girls'  dressing-rooms,  lavatories,  etc.  The  walls,  inside  and  outside,  are 
faced  with  Chicago  hydraulic  pressed  bricks  with  Bedford  stone  trimmings 
for  the  exterior.  The  woodwork  is  Georgia  yellow  pine  with  natural  wood 
finish. 

COST  OP  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  SYSTEM. — The  cost  of  the  public  school  system  of 
Chicago  for  1892,  aggregated  $5,996,084,  as  follows:  For  salaries  of  superin- 
tendents and  teachers  in  the  primary  and  grammar  grades,  exclusive  of 
teachers  of  special  studies,  $2,230,325;  less  estimated  revenue  of  school  fund, 
($480,000),  $1,750,325;  tuition  of  pupils  at  Cook  County  Normal  School,  $7,500; 
evening  schools,  $110,000;  school  libraries,  $2,500 ;.., supplementary  reading, 
$20,000;  rebinding  books,  $1,000;  text  books  for  indigent  pupils,  $5,000;  maps, 
charts,  globes,  etc.,  $2,500;  payments  toward  pianos,  $1,500;  expenses 
Columbian  Exposition,  $10,000;  sundries,  $750;  salaries,  office  employes, 
attorney,  and  school  agent,  $45,000;  salaries,  engineers  and  janitors,  $255,- 
000;  school  supplies,  chalk,  etc.,  $50,000;  school-house  supplies,  $15,000;  fuel, 
$110,000;  printing  proceedings,  etc.,  $12,000;  supplies  for  sewing  for  40,000 
pupils,  $5,000;  material  for  manual  training,  $1,500;  school  sites,  $200,000; 
new  buildings,  $1,765,000;  permanent  improvements,  $100,000;  general 
repairs,  $200,000;  heating  apparatus,  $100,000;  apparatus  and  furnitiire, 
$50,000;  rentals  of  branches,  $45,000;  special  assessments,  $40,000 ;  incidentals, 
$45,000;  legal  expenses,  $250;  support  of  high  schools  other  than  manual 
training,  $272,500;  support  of  English  high  and  manual  training,  $50,000; 
drawing— salaries  and  supplies,  $35,000;  music— salaries  and  supplies,  $30,- 
000;  German— salaries  and  supplies,  $170,000 ;  physical  culture,  $28,000;  com- 
pulsory education,  $25,000;  school  census,  $15,000;  due  contracts,  less  bal- 
ance of  appropriation  '91,  $145,036— $165,616;  payment  of  bonds,  interest,  and 
orders,  $80,500.  Total,  $5,821,441.  Loss  in  collection  and  costs,  $174,413.  Total 
estimate,  '92,  $5,996,084. 

MANUAL  TRAINING  IN  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS.— The  Chicago  English  High 
and  Manual  Training  School,  for  instruction  in  the  mechanical  arts,  was 
opened  in  August,  1890,  and  occupies  the  large  public  school  building  on  W. 


298  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Monroe  St.,  near  Haisted  St.  This  school  is  under  the  direction  of  the  city 
board  of  education.  In  grade  the  manual  training  school  ranks  with  the 
high  schools,  and  no  student  is  admitted  xmtil  he  has  passed  through  the 
grammar  grade.  Promotion  cards  entitling  the  holder  to  be  admitted  to 
the  ordinary  high  school  will  admit  him  also  to  the  polytechnic  school.  A 
full  term,  three  years'  course,  has  been  laid  down,  and  when  the  student 
has  completed  this  he  is  graduated  with  honors  and  a  diploma,  the  same  as 
if  he  had  gone  through  the  high  school.  Blacksmith  forges  are  placed  in 
the  basement,  and  all  the  machinery  is  located  on  that  floor  also.  The  first 
floor  is  given  up  to  the  wood-working  trades,  while  the  upper  floors  are 
utilized  by  the  classes  in  English,  mathematics  and  the  natural  sciences. 
There  is  a  course  in  commercial  law  and  practical  book-keeping,  and  every 
effort  is  made  to  send  each  student  away  with  a  sufficient  knowledge  both 
of  business  and  the  trades  to  help  him  in  almost  any  line  of  work  which  it 
may  be  his  lot  to  follow. 

NUMBER  OF  SCHOOL  BUILDINGS.— There  are  at  this  time  (summer  of  1893) 
about  330  public  school  buildings  within  the  corporate  limits  of  Chicago. 
Many  of  these  buildings  are  very  handsome;  the  great  majority  of  them  are 
costly  structures.  The  average  cost  per  building  during  recent  years  has 
been  about  $75,000;  in  a  few  instances  it  has  exceeded  $100,000. 

NUMBER  OF  SCHOOL  ROOMS. — The  total  number  of  school  rooms  in  1892 
was  2,716.  This  number,  however,  is  greatly  increased  in  1893  by  the  number 
of  new  school  buildings  erected  and  opened. 

ORGANIZATION.— The  public  schools  of  Chicago  are  conducted  under  the 
supervision  of  a  board  of  education,  which  consists  of  male  and  female 
members,  appointed  by  the  mayor,,  and  who  are  about  equally  divided 
politically.  The  executive  department  is  in  charge  of  a  superintendent, 
eight  assistant  superintendents,  a  supervisor  and  assistant  supervisor  of 
evening  schools,  a  clerk,  an  attorney,  school  agent,  business  manager,  chief 
engineer,  auditor  and  numerous  assistants. 

PHYSICAL  CULTURE.— In  1886  the  board  extended  the  physical  culture 
classes  to  all  the  grammar  schools  in  the  city,  and  eight  special  teachei-s 
were  appointed  to  assist  Prof.  Suder.  In  January,  1889,  the  system  was 
idtroduced  into  all  the  primary  departments  of  the  city,  and  four  teachers 
were  added  to  the  physical  culture  staff,  In  the  following  May,  exercises 
were  commenced  in  the  North,  South  and  West  division  high  schools.  In 
the  primary  schools  the  pupils  are  exercised  in  calisthenics  only.  These 
exercises  consist  of  simple  muscular  movements  of  the  arm  and  foot,  arm 
and  trunk,  trunk  and  foot,  and  marching  and  breathing  exercises.  The 
arrangement  is  such  that  all  parts  of  the  body  are  brought  into  play  during 
the  lesson.  In  the  grammar  schools  smooth  wooden  wands,  an  inch  in  diam- 
eter and  three  feet  long,  and  wooden  dumb-bells,  shellaced,  having  a  com- 
bined weight  of  one  pound,  and  eleven  inches  long,  are  used  as  an  aid  to 
the  physical  training  of  the  scholars.  Wand  and  dumb-bell  exercises  are 
practiced  once  a  week  in  all  the  grammar  schools,  and  once  a  week  the 
pupils  are  put  through  calisthenic  exercises.  It  is  in  the  North,  South  and 
West  division  high  schools  that  physical  culture  is  most  practiced. 

PUBLIC  DEAF  MUTE  SCHOOLS.— There  are  four  public  schools  for  the 
education  of  deaf  mutes  in  Chicago,  as  follows:  Scammon  Branch  School 
bldg.,  W.  Monroe,  near  S.  Haisted;  250  Twenty-first  St.;  102  Fullerton  ave., 
and  153  Evergreen  ave.  Free  tuition. 

PUBLIC  KINDERGARTENS. — The  public  kindergartens  of  the  city  are  as 
follows:  Eleanor  Reid,  2541  Calumet;  ave.;  Haisted  Street,  784  S.  Haisted; 
Railroad  Chapel,  3825  Dearborn ;  Armour,  Thirty-  third  and  pearborn ; 
Bethesda,  406  8.  Clark;  Marie  Chapel,  Went  worth  ave.  and  Bushnell ;  Tab- 
ernacle, Morgan  and  Indiana;  Plymouth,  3027  Butler;  German,  Locke  and 
Bonaparte;  Lincoln  Park,  Garfield  ave.  and  Mohawk;  Talcott,  169  W, 
Adams;  St.  Paul's,  Thirtieth  and  Praipie  ave.;  Chicago  Avenue  Kinder- 
garten, Chicago  ave.,  Cor.  La  Salle  ave.  J  Lincoln  Street,  Ambrose,  Cor.  Lim 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  299 

coin ;  Home  for  the  Friendless,  Twentieth  and  Wabash  ave. ;  Alumnae  Kin- 
dergarten, Sixty-fifth  and  Champlain  ave.  These  kindergartens  are  con- 
ducted by  the  Chicago  Free  Kindergarten  Association,  and  are  not  under 
control  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

PUBLIC  NIGHT  SCHOOLS. — Public  night  schools  are  open  in  Chicago  every 
winter.  They  usually  open  about  the  first  of  October  and  close  about  the 
first  of  April.  These  schools  are  free  to  boys  and  girls  who  cannot  attend 
the  day  schools.  The  course  of  study  is  similar  in  most  respects  to  that 
followed  in  the  day  schools. 

SALARIES.— The  salaries  of  superintendents,  principals  and  teachers  in 
the  public  schools  if  given  in  detail  would  make  a  long  list.  Some  of  the 
principal  salaries  paid  as  well  as  examples  in  the  case  of  teachers,  will  be 
sufficient  for  the  information  of  the  visitor.  The  salaries  given  are  from 
the  estimates  of  1893 :  Superintendent  of  public  schools  (chief  officer),  $7,500; 
assistant  superintendent,  during  first  two  years  of  service,  $3,500;  after  two 
years  service,  $4,000;  supervisor  of  evening  schools,  $165  per  month;  assistant 
$150  per  month ;  supervisor  of  German  schools,  $3,000;  assistant,  $2,200  per 
annum  ;  supervisor  of  singing  in  grammar  schoo"  s,  $2,800 ;  special  teachers  of 
German,  $1,800  and  $1,600;  supervisor  of  singing  in  primary  schools,  $2,500; 
teachers  of  singing  from  $1,200  to  $1,600;  supervisor  of  drawing,  $2,500;  assis- 
tants and  teachers  of  drawing  from  $1,200  to  $1,600;  supervisor  of  physical 
culture,  $2,200;  assistants  and  teachers  from  $900  to  $1,200;  supervisor  of 
deaf  mute  school,  $1,500;  assistants  and  teachers  from  $550  to  $1,100.  Prin- 
cipals of  grammar  schools  are  divided  into  eight  groups,  and  their  salaries 
range  from  $l,200to  $2,500;  principals  of  primary  schools  receive  from  $1,000 
to  $1,800.  Assistants  to  principals  receive  $1,100  each.  Teachers  in  gram- 
mar and  primary  schools  receive  from  $525  to  $1,000,  the  salary  being  regu- 
lated by  the  size  of  schools,  length  of  service,  capacity,  etc.  Substitute 
teachers  receive  $4  per  day.  Cadets,  or  candidates  for  positions  as  teachers 
who  hold  partial  certificate  of  qualification,  after  regular  service  for  two 
months,  receive  75  cents  per  day ;  after  a  service  of  six  months  $1.25  per  day. 
This  wages  is  paid  for  actual  service.  After  six  months  they  are  eligible  to 
positions  as  teachers,  and  are  in  the  line  of  promotion. 

SCHOOL  FOB  BLIND  CHILDREN. — Tbe  sum  of  $50,000  has  been  appropriated 
by  the  board  of  education  for  the  purpose  of  building  and  equipping  a  men- 
tal and  manual  training  school  for  blind  children.  The  state  supports  a 
school  for  the  blind,  but  it  is  under  the  control  of  the  board  of  charities.  It 
is  thought  that  the  blind  should  not  be  subjected  to  the  stigma  of  receiving 
pauper  assistance  any  more  tban  those  blessed  with  sight.  It  is  proposed 
simply  to  make  this  a  public  school,  where  sightless  children  will  be  re- 
ceived on  the  same  terms  extended  to  all  others  without  being  compelled  to 
suffer  any  humiliation  whatever. 

TEACHERS. — Nearly  all  the  superintendents,  supervisors,  assistants  and 
principals  (particularly  in  the  grammar  schools)  are  male;  the  teachers 
as  a  rule  are  female.  Married  women  are  not  eligible.  The  female  teach- 
ers are  not  compensated  as  well  as  the  male,  for  the  same  work.  Neither 
are  the  teachers  compensated  proportionately  with  principals,  supervisors, 
etc.  These  inequalities  give  rise  to  frequent  discussions.  It  is  also  a 
question  whether  females  are  successful  as  teachers  of  boys. 

EDUCATION— TECHNICAL  TRAINING. 

Polytechnic  education  has  within  the  last  ten  years  received  the  atten- 
tion of  Chicago  people  interested  in  the  training  of  the  youth  of  both  sexes. 
Various  training  schools  have  been  established  here  during  that  time.  The 
Public  Manual  Training  School  is  treated  under  the  head  of  "  Public  Edu- 
cation." It  might  be  considered  wise  for  certain  reasons,  to  classify  the 
training  schools  mentioned  below  under  at  least  two  separate  headings, 


300  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

but  for  the  convenience  of  the  reader  this  is  not  done.  Without  doubt  the 
distinguishing'  characteristics  and  objects  of  the  schools  ref erred  to  will  be 
understood  by  the  intelligent  reader. 

Armour  Institute — Training  School. — Location,  Thirty-third  St.,  near 
Armour  Mission.  [See  "  Armour  Mission,"  under  head  of  charities,  also 
"  Buildings."]  When  Mr.  Armour  built  the  Armour  flats  it  was  with  the 
intention  that  they  would  support  the  Armoxir  Mission.  There  are  196  of 
these  flats,  and  the  revenue  obtained  from  them  is  about  $75,000  a  year,  only 
125,000  of  which  is  necessary  to  support  the  mission.  For  months  Mr. 
Armour  thought  over  ideas  for  the  benevolent  expenditure  of  the  other  $50,000. 
He  purchased  from  the  city  the  piece  of  property  upon  which  the  Manual 
Training  Institute  now  stands  and  to  the  support  of  this  institution  and 
the  mission  he  made  the  endowment,  the  value  of  which,  taken  as  a  whole, 
in  money,  is  put  at  $1,700,000.  The  Armour  Institute,  aside  from  the  size, 
the  beauty  of  its  design,  and  the  costliness  of  its  fittings,  is  of  unusual  inter- 
est, because  of  the  exceptional  care  with  which  the  design  of  each  part  has 
been  adapted  to  its  special  use.  Mr.  Armour  had  for  his  architects  Messrs. 
Patton  &  Fisher. 

DESCRIPTION  OP  BUILDING. — The  building,  which  is  175x65  feet,  with  the 
entrance  in  the  middle  of  the  long  side,  is  divided  by  heavy  fire  walls  into 
three  portions  of  nearly  equal  size.  The  north  pavilion  and  the  front  part 
of  the  middle  are  devoted  to  the  literary  and  scientific  departments.  The 
south  pavilion  is  used  for  manual  training.  The  workshops  in  this  building 
are  finished  to  look  like  workshops,  except  that,  as  compared  with  an  ordi- 
nary workshop,  they  are  like  the  parlor  of  a  palace  compared  to  that  of  a 
cottage.  South  of  the  main  building  and  adjoining  it  is  a  one-story  wing 
containing  the  boilers  and  engines.  This  portion  is  absolutely  fire  proof, 
and  without  question,  the  handsomest  and  most  costly  engine-room  in  Chi- 
cago. There  are  two  large  .Corliss  engines,  one  to  run  the  machinery  and 
the  other  to  run  the  electric  light  plant  of  the  building.  There  are  dynamos 
in  the  rear  part  of  the  engine-room  of  sufficient  capacity  to  furnish  the  1,500 
lights  for  this  building  and  also  to  supply  the  other  buildings,  if  desired.  It 
is  a  part  of  the  course  of  instruction  to  teach  the  students  the  practical 
operation  of  steam  engines,  pumps,  and  electrical  appliances,  and  for  this 
reason  all  such  machinery  is  placed  where  it  will  be  open  to  inspection.  An 
alcove,  12x25  feet  in  size,  opening  from  the  engine-room,  contains  all  the 
pumps  and  tanks  for  the  steam  heating  and  power,  which,  as  well  as  the 
engines,  are  visible  from  the  street  through  the  large  plate-glass  windows. 
The  floor  of  the  engine-room  is  on  a  level  with  the  basement,  and  a  door- 
way admits  directly  into  the  blacksmith  shop,  36x54  feet.  This  is  filled  with 
forges  and  other  appliances  for  working  metal.  Back  of  the  blacksmith 
shop  is  the  ventilating  apparatus.  At  the  right  and  left  of  the  main  en- 
trance are  the  reception  room  and  superintendent's  office. 

LIBRARY.— To  the  right  is  the  great  library,  54x60  feet,  fifteen  feet  in 
height,  magnificently  lighted  on  three  sides.  The  bookcases  furnish  shelves 
for  25,OpO  vohimes,  and  yet  leave  one-half  of  the  area  available  for  readers. 
Retracing  and  passing  to  the  southern  end  of  the  hall  is  the  entrance  to  the 
machine  shop,  which  is  the  same  size  as  the  library.  The  floor  of  this  room 
is  of  hard  .maple.  The  walls  are  faced  with  white  enameled  brick  and  the 
ceiling  is  of  Georgia  pine,  the  timbers  being  exposed  and  varnished.  On  the 
second  floor,  over  the  machinery  shop,  is  a  room  the  same  size  for  wood- 
work machinery.  On  the  other  portions  of  this  floor  are  the  mechanical 
and  physical  laboratoi-ies,  with  lecture  and  class  rooms.  On  the  third  floor 
at  the  south  end  is  a  hand-work  shop  similar  to  the  wood-working  shop.  In 
the  center  of  the  building  on  the  east  front  are  two  class-rooms.  The  whole 
of  the  north  pavilion  on  rhis  floor  is  devoted  to  mechanical  drawing.  There 
are  lavatories  on  the  first,  second,  and  third  floors  and  also  special  toilet- 
rooms  for  the  use  of  the  instructors. 

GIRLS'  DEPARTMENT. — The  whole  of  the  fourth  floor  is  devoted  to  the  girls' 
department.  It  is  divided  in  similar  manner  to  the  floors  below,  the  south 
end  being  devoted  to  manual  employments,  such  as  cooking  and  dressmak- 


302  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

ing.  The  other  portion  of  the  floor  is  divided  into  recitation,  lecture, 
drawing  rooms,  etc.  The  girls  are  carried  up  to  this  floor  by  the  elevator, 
and,  as  all  their  working-rooms  and  elass-rooir.s  nvs  on  this  floor  and  toilet  - 
rooms  provided  on  the  same  level,  there  is  no  climbing  of  stairs  for  them. 

GYMNASIUM. — The  whole  of  the  south  pavilion  on  the  fifth  floor  is  devoted 
to  a  gymnasium,  which  is  fitted  up  with  the  most  approved  apparatus.  The 
north  pavilion  on  the  fifth  floor  is  arranged  so  that  it  can  be  used  either  as 
a  drill-hall  or  a  museum.  The  most  extraordinary  precautions  have  been 
taken  to  prevent  the  noise  from  the  gymnasium  and  drill-hall  being  heard 
in  the  stories  below. 

EXTERIOR. — The  exterior  of  the  building  is  Romanesque  in  style  and  from 
the  size  and  dignity  of  its  design  has  an  imposing  effect.  The  basement  and 
first  story  are  built  of  brown  sandstone,  the  upper  portion  of  red  pressed 
brick  and  terra  cotta.  The  whole  is  crowned  by  a  steep  slate  roof,  which  rises 
to  a  height  of  126  feet.  The  cost  of  the  building,  exclusive  of  furniture,  was 
over  $200,000. 

OBJECT  OF  THE  INSTITUTE.— The  chief  object  of  the  institute  is  the  exten- 
sion and  improvement  of  industrial  education.  It  is  the  desire  of  Mr. 
Armour,  however,  that  the  plan  of  organization  should  provide  liberal  means 
of  culture  for  the  masses  by  lectures,  evening  classes,  library,  and  museum. 
The  course  of  instruction  embraces  mathematics,  physics,  chemistry, 
mechanics,  free  hand,  mechanical  and  architectural  drawing,  wood  work, 
iron  work,  fundamental  principles  of  machine  construction  and  of  the  steam 
engine,  elementary  economics,  and  physical  training.  The  department  of 
domestic  economy  offers  a  liberal  course  of  instruction  and  training  for 
girls  and  young  women  in  everything  pertaining  to  the  management  of  the 
household.  A  three  years'  course  in  the  department  of  mechanical  arts 
aims  to  fit  young  men  for  a  business  or  an  industrial  career.  The  tech- 
nical department  embraces  the  special  courses  which  are  intended  to  pre- 
pare young  men  and  women  for  practical  pursuits  which  have  more  or  less 
connection  with  art,  science  and  business.  The  instruction  is  comprehen- 
sive and  thorough. 

DEPARTMENTS.— The  work  of  the  institute  is  arranged  under  these  gen- 
eral divisions:  Art  department,  scientific  department,  department  of 
mechanical  arts,  department  of  domestic  economy,  technical  department, 
business  department,  department  of  physical  training,  normal  department, 
department  of  lectures  and  evening  classes,  library  and  reading  room, 
museum.  Other  departments  will  be  added  as  the  need  for  them  becomes 
apparent.  Independent  of  the  regular  courses  students  have  the  option  of 
taking  such  courses  as  they  please.  The  following  courses  are  offered  as 
soon  as  the  equipments  can  be  completed:  Applied  electricity,  machine 
construction,  mechanical  drawing,  photography,  hoiise  decoration,  wood 
carving,  cookery,  millinery,  dressmaking.  The  department  of  physical 
training  affords  superior  opportunities  for  the  physical  culture  of  girls  and 
young  women.  Lectures  are  provided  for,  to  which  the  public  is  freely 
admitted.  The  library  and  reading-i-ooms  are  of  the  finest.  A  feature  of 
the  library  department  is  reading  circles  for  pursiiing  select  courses  of 
reading.  Each  circle  has  its  conductor,  who  prepares  the  syllabus,  directs 
the  course  of  reading,  and  meets  the  members  at  stated  intervals  for  the 
discussion  of  the  topics  involved,  In  short  the  Armour  Institute  is  at  the 
head  of  all  educational  agencies  of  its  kind. 

PRESENTED  TO  CHICAGO.— The  intelligence  that  Mr.  Phillip  D.  Armour 
had  decided  to  present  the  Institute,  which,  fully  equipped,  cost  $300,000, 
together  with  an  endowment  of  $1,400,000,  was  made  in  the  fall  of  1892. 
While  it  gave  rise  to  the  gi-eatest  public  satisfaction,  it  caused  but  little 
surprise,  as  Mr.  Armour's  public  spirit,  generosity  and  philanthropy  had 
been  long  since  displayed  in  other  ways,  and  were  generally  recognized. 
The  Armour  mission  and  the  Armour  Institute  constitute  a  monument  to 
the  great  heart  of  this  Chicago  merchant  millionaire  that  will  not  crumble 
in  centuries  to  come.  But  Mr.  Armour's  private  exceed  his  public  benevo- 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  303 

lences.  There  is  no  record  of  them  from  which  the  compiler  of  this  volume 
may  transcribe  facts. 

Baptist,  Missionary  Training  School. — Located  at  2411  Indiana  ave.  Take 
Indiana  ave.  car  on  Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  The  first  school  established  in 
this  country  devoted  to  the  training  of  women  for  missionary  work.  Carried 
on  under  the  auspices  of  the  Women's  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society.  This 
society  itself  is  exceptional,  being  the  first  organization  of  the  kind  com- 
posed wholly  of  women  and  conducting  its  work  independently  of  any  other 
organization.  Its  existence  is  the  result  of  a  pressing  demand  from  all 
parts  of  the  country  for  a  specific  line  of  missionary  work  among  women 
and  children  which  can  be  done  only  by  women.  The  first  missionaries 
were  sent  to  the  Negroes  and  Indians,  but  the  work  has  been  gradually  en- 
larged until  it  numbers  its  missionaries  not  only  among  Indians  and 
Negroes,  but  immigrants  from  Asia  and  Europe ;  notably,  Chinese,  Germans, 
Danes,  Swedes,  Norwegians  and  Bohemians;  also  among  Jews,  Mormons, 
Mexicans  and  non-Christian  Americans,  especially  in  the  new  West.  The 
school  as  a  whole  is  conducted  under  the  direction  of  the  executive  board 
of  the  Women's  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society.  This  body  lays  out  the  cur- 
riculum, appoints  the  preceptress  and  matron,  engages  lecturers  and  teach- 
ers, and  solicits  funds  for  the  support  of  the  institution.  Students  taking 
the  course  in  the  school  are  not  thereby  bound  to  enter  the  service  of  the 
Women's  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  but  are  at  liberty  to  enter  any  ave- 
nue of  Christion  work  open  to  them,  and  for  which  they  are  best  fitted. 

Chicago  Kitchen  Garden  Association. — Principal  quarters,  Huron  st. 
school,  after  school  hours.  Branches  on  Clybourn  and  Wentworth  aves. 
Purposes  of  the  association,  the  establishment  and  support  of  schools  where 
children  of  the  poor  can  receive  instruction  in  housework  and  simple  cook- 
ing. Girls  over  ten  years  of  age  are  admitted  to  the  classes.  Pupils  begin 
with  the  kitchen  garden  and  are  next  promoted  to  practice  with  real  rooms 
and  real  furniture,  and  finally,  when  they  are  proficient  in  kitchen  garden 
work,  are  placed  in  the  cooking  garden,  where  they  are  taught  simple  cook- 
ing and  every-day  economics.  The  association  was  started  in  1883.  At  the 
Wentworth  ave.  school  the  regular  attendance  has  been  sixty-seven  children 
in  the  kitchen  garden  department  and  thirty-six  in  the  cooking  garden.  At 
the  Clybourn  ave.  school  three  kitchen  garden  classes  meet,  with  an  aggre- 
gate attendance  of  166  pupils.  The  regular  attendance  upon  them  numbers 
seventy-eight. 

Chicago  Industrial  School  for  Girls. — Location,  Indiana  ave.  and  Forty- 
ninth  st.  This  is  in  reality  a  girls  branch  of  St.  Mary's  boys'  school  at  Fee- 
hanville.  [See  "  St.  Marys  Training  School."]  It  receives  from  the  county 
$10  a  month  per  capita  for  all  inmates  legally  committed,  and  in  addition, 
the  county  is  compelled  to  clothe  every  girl  received.  Of  course,  the  in- 
mates generally  r^re  of  the  homeless  or  incorrigible  class,  but  it  does  not 
follow  that  they  are  necessarily  beyond  reform,  nor,  in  many  cases,  in  need 
of  it. 

Chicago  Manual  Training  School. — Located  at  Michigan  ave.  and 
Twelfth  st.  Take  Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  Founded  by  the  Commercial 
club  of  Chicago,  and  its  history  dates  from  the  regular  monthly  meeting  of 
that  club  held  March  25,  1882,  at  which  time  the  necessary  funds  were  sub- 
scribed, and  a  committee  appointed  to  propose  a  plan  for  the  organization 
of  the  school.  The  Chicago  Manual  Training  Association  was  incorporated 
under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  April  19,  1883,  and  the  control  of  the 
school  was  vested  in  a  board  of  trustees,  nine  in  number,  elected  by  the 
association.  The  lot  on  which  the  building  stands  was  purchased  March  28, 
1883;  the  corner-stone  was  laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies  September  24, 
1883,  and  the  regular  school  exercises  began  February  4,  1884.  The  junior 
class,  only,  was  organized  at  that  time,  and  consisted  of  seventy-two  pupils, 
all  that  could  be  accommodated.  The  dedicatory  exercises  were  held  June 
19,  1884.  The  middle  class  was  organized  September  1,  1884;  the  senior  class 
September  7, 1885.  The  first  class  was  graduated  June  24,  1886.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1886,  the  capacity  of  the  school  was  increased,  and  a  junior  class  num- 
bering ninety-six  was  admitted.  The  object  of  the  school  is  clearly  stated 


304  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

in  the  articles  of  incorporation  as  follows:  "Instruction  and  practice  in 
the  use  of  tools,  with  such  instruction  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  in 
mathematics,  drawing  and  English  branches  of  a  high  school  course.  The 
tool  instruction  includes  carpentry,  wood-turning,  pattern-making,  iron 
chipping  and  filing,  forge  work,  brazing  and  soldering,  the  use  of  machine 
shop  tools,  and  such  other  instruction  of  a  similar  character  as  may  be 
deemed  advisable  to  add  to  the  foregoing  from  time  to  time,  it  being  the  in- 
tention to  divide  the  working  hours  of  the  students,  as  nearly  as  possi 
ble  equally  between  manual  and  mental  exercises.  Candidates  for  admis- 
sion to  the  junior  year  must  be  at  least  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  must  pass 
a  satisfactory  examination  in  reading,  spelling,  writing,  geography,  English 
composition,  arithmetic,  and  history  of  the  United  States.  Boys  who  have 
completed  a  grammar  school  course  should  have  no  difficulty  in  passing  the 
examination  for  admission.  A  certificate  of  the  completion  of  the  first  year's 
course  in  a  reputable  high  school  is  accepted  in  lieu  of  examination.  No  boy 
will  be  admitted  without  a  certificate  of  good  moral  character  from  some  re- 
sponsible person,  and  no  pupil  will  be  retained  who  is  an  impediment  to  the 
progress,  or  an  injury  to  the  moi-als,  of  his  class-mates.  The  school  year  is 
divided  into  two  terms  of  twenty  weeks  each,  and  begins  on  the  first  Monday 
of  September.  Tuition,  payable  by  the  term,  is  as  follows:  Junior  year, 
per  term,  $40;  per  year,  $80.  Middle  year,  per  term,  $50;  per  year  $100.  Sen- 
ior year,  per  term,  $60;  per  year  $120. 

Chicago  Watchmakers.''  Institute,  The.— Location,  fifteenth  floor  Masonic 
Temple,  State  and  Randolph  sts.,  above  all  noise,  dust  and  smoke,  giving  a 
grand  view  of  the  city  and  lake,  with  pure  air  to  breathe.  This  institute  is 
personally  conducted  by  its  founder,  Mr.  G.  D.  Parsons,  who,  in  his  capacity 
of  superintendent  of  varkms  departments  in  the  leading  American  watch 
factories,  has  instructed  over  2,000  persons  in  every  operation  connected 
with  the  making,  repairing  and  adjusting  of  every  class  of  watches.  A  fur- 
ther experience  of  ten  years  at  the  bench  in  the  jewelry  store  and  doing 
"  work  for  the  trade  "  has  enabled  him  to  anticipate  and  provide  for  every 
need  of  the  workman  who  desires  to  be  abreast  of  the  times  and  a  success 
in  his  calling.  This  is  practically  a  training  school  for  watchmakers,  while 
it  has  departments  which  care  for  the  training  of  students  in  all  the  allied 
lines  of  work.  Its  department  of  optics,  for  instance,  is  in  charge  of  W.  S. 
Fowler,  M.D.,  of  the  well  known  optician  firm  of  E.  S.  and  W.  S.  Fowler,  a 
firm  which  THE  STANDARD  GUIDE  has  frequently  indorsed.  As  an  oculist 
and  optician  Dr.  Fowler  ranks  among  the  highest  in  the  country.  The 
department  of  engraving  is  in  charge  of  Mr.  T.  H.  Wicks  as  designer  and 
instructor.  Mr.  Wicks,  in  addition  to  practical  instruction  upon  every 
detail  of  the  engraver's  art,  as  applied  to  jewelry  work,  will  lecture  \ipon 
the  "Elements  of  Design"  and  "Workshop  Economy,"  and  ell  subjects 
relating  to  the  working  of  gold  and  silver,  etc.  The  horological  department 
is  under  the  personal  charge  of  the  principal  and  director,  Mr.  G.  D.  Par- 
sons, who  gives  his  undivided  attention  to  teaching  these  branches.  In 
this  department,  pupils  are  taught  the  elements  of  theory  and  drawing, 
how  to  calculate  the  sizes  of  wheels  and  pinions,  and  how  to  make  them 
from  the  raw  material.  The  institute  isequipped  for  the  thorough  training 
of  those  who  seek  to  become  proficient  in  the  delicate  arts  connected  with 
the  watchmaker's  trade.  Students  may  enter  any  day  of  the  year.  Full 
information  to  those  interested  will  be  mailed  free  on  application. 

Girls'  Industrial  School.— Located  on  Evanston  ave.,  near  the  lake  shore, 
[South]  Evanston.  A  training  school  for  street-waifs  and  incorrigibles.  The 
county  pays  $10  a  month,  per  capita,  for  every  girl  legally  committed,  and 
in  addition  is  compelled  to  clothe  every  girl  received.  The  school  is  housed 
in  the  old  Soldiers'  Home,  which  has  been  somewhat  improved.  The  grounds 
surrounding  it  ai-e  extensive.  This  property  is  on  the  market.  The  Hyde 
Park  Auxiliary  Society  of  the  Illinois  Industrial  School  for  girls  has  in  con- 
templation the  erection  of  a  cottage  to  be  known  by  the  name  of  the  society, 
and  in  which  it  will  support  a  small  number  of  young  girls.  The  present 
quarters  of  the  school  at  [South]  Evanston  are  not  considered  suitable  and 
the  board  of  lady  managers  is  taking  steps  to  dispose  of  it.  With  the  pro- 


306  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

ceeds  and  additional  aid  from  the  state,  suitable  buildings  will  be  erected 
on  a  forty-acre  tract  owned  by  the  board  at  Park  Ridge.  It  is  on  this  tract 
the  Hyde  Park  Auxiliary  society  intends  erecting  a  cottage. 

Illinois  School  of  Agriculture  and  Manual  Training  School  for  Boys. — 
Located  on  Glenwood  farm,  near  Norwood  Park,  a  suburb  of  Chicago,  The 
farm,  which  was  the  gift  of  Mr.  Milton  George,  consists  of  300  acres,  and  is 
about  a  mile  west  of  Glenwood  station.  It  is  a  beautiful  body  of  land,  with 
a  rolling  surface  dotted  with  an  occasional  cluster  of  trees.  A  sparkling 
stream  of  clear  fresh  water  cuts  through  the  center  of  the  farm.  This  school 
derives  a  revenue  of  $12,500  from  the  county.  According  to  its  contract  with 
the  county  it  can  only  receive  pay  for  110  boys,  no  matter  how  many  more 
than  this  number  may  bo  actually  committed  to  the  institution  .within  a 
year.  The  amount  allowed  is  $8  per  month  per  boy,  and  only  partially  pro- 
vides for  maintenance  and  tuition.  The  deficency  is  made  up  by  the  chari- 
table people  belonging  to  the  association.  This  institution  was  chartered 
in  February,  1887,  and  since  the  opening  of  the  school  about  500  dependent 
boys  have  been  placed  in  its  care  by  order  of  the  court.  These  boys  have 
been  trained  for  lives  of  usefulness  and  industry,  and  in  many  cases  have 
been  furnished  with  comfortable  homes  in  the  country.  The  ages  of  the 
boys  range  from  5  to  15  years.  Those  of  the  latter  age  or  thereabout,  after 
being  taught  awhile  in  the  school  are  given  homes  in  the  West,  mostly  among 
farmers.  The  object  of  the  school  is  the  education  and  manual  training  of 
waifs  and  incorrigibles.  The  buildings,  eight  in  number,  are  situated  in  a 
semicircle,  with  the  main  building  and  an  annex  dining-hall  in  the  center. 
In  the  rear  of  the  former  is  a  two-story  building,  containing  the  gymnasium 
and  manual  training  school.  Here  are  on  exhibition  specimens  of  the  boys' 
handiwork,  consisting  of  brackets,  papers,  knives,  sand  scrapers,  carvings, 
modelings  in  plaster,  and  drawings.  On  the  left  of  the  main  building  is  the 
school.  A  new  dormitory,  the  gift  of  an  unknown  friend,  has  recently  been 
added. 

Naval  Academy. — Projected.  Location,  the  lake  front,  running  from 
Fifty-first  to  Fifty-third  sts.,  about  twelve  acres.  The  idea  of  the  projectors 
is  the  erection  and  establishment  of  an  academy  which  will  at  once  serve 
the  purpose  of  one  of  the  most  elegant  yachting  clubs  in  the  world  and  of  a 
naval  academy,  where  the  youth  of  the  city  will  be  given  an  opportunity 
of  i*eceiving  a  good  general  education  together  with  a  thorough  schooling 
in  the  art  of  navigation.  When  turned  out  from  the  academy  as  having 
learned  all  that  it  can  teach,  the  young  pupil  will  be  competent  to  go  to  any 
port  in  the  world  and  ship  as  navigator  aboard  any  vessel  that  sails  either 
on  salt  or  fresh  water.  The  "  Yacht  Club,"  is  th'e  name  of  the  corporation 
which  has  this  enterprise  in  charge,  but  it  is  hoped  that  the  University  of 
Chicago  will  finally  take  this  naval  school  under  it  control. 

State  Reformatory  for  Incorrigible  Boys. — Location,  Pontiac,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad.  An  institution  where  refractory  and  wayward 
boys  are  received  from  all  parts  of  the  State,  as  sentenced  from  the  courts. 
A  new  building  costing  $110,000  has  recently  been  provided  for.  Boys  are 
compelled  to  learn  useful  trades  besides  receiving  thorough  drill  in  common 
school  branches.  In  every  way  possible  its  reformatory  character  is  made 
prominent  and  the  idea  of  punishment  kept  in  the  background.  Idle,  incor- 
rigible boys  sent  there  for  a  term  of  years  leave  with  new  ideas  of  self- 
respect  and  certain  means  of  gaining  their  livelihoods  honestly. 

St.  Mary's  Training  School. — Located  at  Feehanville,  twenty-five  miles 
from  the  city  hall.  Take  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  Ry.  The  St.  Mary's 
Training  School,  established  in  1882,  has  for  its  object  the  intellectual  and 
industrial  training  of  wayward  and  homeless  boys.  It  was  founded  by 
the  Most  Reverend  P.  A.  Feehan,  Archbishop  of  Chicago,  and  placed  by 
him  under  the  immediate  charge  of  the  Christian  Brothers.  At  present  the 
school  possesses  440  acres  of  farming  and  timber  land,  two  three-story  brick 
buildings  used  for  class  rooms  and  dormitories,  a  large  circular  building 
containing  kitchen  and  refectories,  chaplain's  residence,  chapel  building, 
workshops,  barns,  stables,  etc.  The  average  number  of  boys  in  the  school 
is  3£C.  In  general  each  boy  remains  until  a  good  home  is  secxired  for  him 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  307 

or  he  is  reclaimed  by  his  relatives.  The  school  department  consists  of  five 
graded  classes,  each  class  being1  well  supplied  with  all  the  necessary 
appliances  for  imparting1  to  the  pupils  an  ordinary  grammar  school  educa- 
tion. As  the  majority  of  the  boys  of  t&is  institution,  will  necessarily  be 
compelled  to  earn  their  living  by  manual  labor,  careful  measures  have  been 
taken  to  introduce  suitable  trades,  and  to  give  the  boys  every  opportunity 
of  becoming  familiar  with  work  on  the  farm.  This  is  best  accomplished  by 
the  alternate  system  of  one-half  day's  schooling  and  one-half  day's  exercise 
in  manual  labor;  the  one-half  day's  schooling  is  supplemented  by  an  hour's 
study  in  the  study  hall  in  preparation  of  lessons,  and  an  hours  instruction 
in  vocal  and  instrumental  music. 

EDUCATION— THEOLOGICAL  COLLEGES. 

Chicago  Theological  Seminary. — Situated  on  Union  Park  and  Ashland 
blvd.,  in  the  West  division  of  the  city.  The  Chicago  Theological  Seminary 
was  organized  on  the  27th  of  September,  1854,  by  delegates  from  the  Congre- 
gational churches  in  Michigan,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Wisconsin  and  Mis- 
souri, was  incorporated  by  the  State  of  Illinois  on  the  15th  of  February, 
1855,  and  began  its  work  on  the  6th  of  October,  1858.  It  has  been  from  the 
first  under  the  control  of  the  churches  of  the  Northwest,  which,  through 
the  Triennial  Convention,  elect  the  directors.  In  this  manner  the  seminary 
is  kept  iu  close  relation  with  the  churches  of  its  constituency.  Besides  the 
usual  instruction,  such  as  is  found  in  all  first-class  theological  seminaries, 
this  institution  established  in  1892  a  choir  of  Christian  sociology  and  prac- 
tical Christianity.  The  foreign  departments,  established  to  meet  manifest 
and  growing  needs,  were  opened  as  follows:  the  German  in  1882,  the  Dano- 
Norwegian  in  188J,  and  the  Swedish  in  1885.  The  German  department  is  in 
close  connection  with  the  German  Seminary,  at  Crete,  Neb.,  and  receives 
students  from  it  year  by  year.  The  Swedish  department  has  the  approval 
of  many  of  the  Swedish  churches  of  this  country,  both  among  those  which 
are  independent  and  those  which  belong  to  the  "  Forbundet."  The  Dano- 
Norwegian  department  has  no  ecclesiastical  connections.  It  originated  in 
the  suggestion  of  a  banker  in  Chicago,  a  Norwegian  by  birth,  who  has  ren- 
dered it  pecuniary  aid.  Fisk  Hall,  erected  in  1889-90,  was  opened  for  occu- 
pancy in  1891.  Keyes  Hall  contains  ,  in  addition  to  three  lecture  rooms, 
nineteen  suits  of  rooms  providing  accommodations  for  thirty-eight  students. 
Carpenter  Hall,  besides  Carpenter  Chapel,  and  two  lecture  rooms  contains 
nineteen  suites  of  rooms  for  thirty-eight  students.  The  rooms  of  these  two 
buildings  are  furnished  throughout  with  all  needed  furniture.  The  Ham- 
mond Library  contains  11,000  volumes,  and  is  increased  by  the  addition  of  all 
valuable  theological  works  as  they  appear.  [See  "Libraries."] 

McCormicfc  Theological  Seminary. — Located  on  North  Halsted  st.  between 
Belden  and  Fullerton  aves.,  North  side;  take  Lincoln  ave.  cars,  North  side 
cable  line.  This  widely  known  and  successful  school  of  sacred  learning, 
organized  by  the  Presbyterian  Church  for  the  distinct  purpose  of  training 
young  men  to  preach  the  Gospel,  was  permanently  established  at  Chicago 
in  the  year  1859,  in  consideration  mainly  of  a  donation  of  $iOO,000,  made  to 
the  General  Assembly  of  that  year  by  the  late  Cyrus  H.  McCornnck,  on  con- 
dition of  Chicago's  being  chosen  as  the  location.  At  the  date  of  the  gift, 
this  ground  was  valued  at  $1,000  per  acre.  Now  it  is  probably  worth  fifteen 
or  twenty  times  as  much.  The  first  building  on  the  grounds,  now  known  as 
the  "Ewing  Hall,"  was  erected  in  1863,  and  contains  thirty-five  rooms  for 
students,  a  reading  room  and  a  refectory.  The  second  building  was  erected 
in  1875,  containing  chapel,  librai-y  and  two  lecture  rooms.  The  third, 
McCormick  Hall,  was  erected  in  1884,  containing  fifty-one  suites  of  rooms  *or 
students,  a  parlor  and  a  faculty  office.  The  fourth  piiblic  building,  Fo-v'er 
Hall,  was  erected  in  1887,  and  contains  sixty-one  suites  of  rooms  for  studen's, 
and  two  lectui'e  rooms.  Besides  these,  five  houses  for  professors  ha"e  been 
erected  since  1882.  This  fine  group  of  educational  buildings,  all  of  brick  and 
stone,  and  all  artistically  arranged  on  a  spacious  campus  of  grass  p-o  s, 
trees  and  graveled  walks,  constitutes  an  atti-active  feature  to  the  eye  of  ne 
Visitor,  and  makes  the  seminary  an  ornament  to  the  city,  Both  in  its  out. 


308  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

ward  adornments  and  in  the  completeness  of  all  its  internal  arrangements, 
this  seminary  is  probably  not  excelled  by  any  similar  institution  in  our 
country.  These  four  public  edifices,  including  the  five  residences  of  the 
professors,  represent  an  outlay  of  $315,000,  of  which  $285,000  were  contributed 
by  Mr.  Cyrus  H.  McCormick  and  his  family.  But  in  addition  to  this  large 
outlay  on  buildings,  Mr.  McCormick,  prior  to  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
1884,  had  also,  in  addition  to  his  original  gift,  contributed  to  the  endowmen^ 
funds  of  the  seminary  the  sum  of  $75,000.  And  after  his  death,  his  son, 
Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  Jr.,  and  Mrs.  McCormick  followed  up  these  great  gifts, 
in  1885,  with  the  further  munificent  donation  of  $100,000.  In  consideration  of 
a  liberality  so  long  continued  and  so  unusual,  the  board  of  directors  and 
the  board  of  trustees  of  the  seminary  took  concurrent  action'in  1886,  asking 
the  general  assembly  to  so  amend  the  constitution  of  the  seminary  as  to 
change  the  name  of  the  institiition  from  its  old  title  of  "Theological  Semi- 
nary of  the  Northwest"  to  that  of  "The  McCormick  Theological  Seminary  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church."  This  measure,  adopted  by  a  unanimous  vote  in 
the  two  seminary  boards,  was  also  adopted  in  the  general  assembly  of  1886 
by  a  vote  almost  unanimous. 

LIRBARY. — The  library  of  the  seminary  contains  about  15,000  volumes, 
mostly  of  standard  theological  works.  The  present  faculty  consists  of  eight 
instructors,  all  of  whom,  except  one,  have  been  elected  to  their  chairs  since 
1880 ;  and  the  large  increase  of  students  is  no  doubt  largely  due  to  the  new  life 
and  vigor  which  they  have  infused  into  their  work.  This  seminary  charges 
students  no  fee  whatever — tuition, use  of  library  and  of  furnished  rooms  being 
entirely  free.  Convenient  day  board  may  be  obtained  at  from  $3.00  to  $3.50 
per  week.  Washing  60  cents  per  dozen.  The  charge  to  each  student  for  steam 
haat  is  $12,  and  for  gas  $4.  Deserving  students,  whose  circumstances  reqiure 
it,  receive  aid  to  a  limited  extent  from  the  scholarships  of  the  seminary,  and 
from  special  funds  contributed  for  this  purpose. 

Western  Theological  Seminary.— Located  at  1113  Washington  blvd.;  take 
W.  Madison  st.  cable  line  to  California  ave. ;  founded  by  the  late  Dr.  Tolman 
Wheeler,  of  Chicago,  as  an  Episcopal  theological  seminary.  Dr.  Wheeler 
built  and  equipped  two  buildings  and  partially  endowed  the  institution. 
There  is  also  ground  room  for  additional  structures,  and  accommodations 
could  be  provided  for  one  hundred  students.  The  buildings  are  situated  on 
Washington  blvd.,  the  principal  avenue  of  the  West  side,  about  four  miles 
from  the  lake  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Garfield  Park.  The  main  building  con- 
tains the  chapel,  refectory,  library,  lecture  rooms  and  apartments  for  resi- 
dent instructors.  A  second  building  contains  accommodations  for  about 
thirty  students.  Both  buildings  are  heated  by  steam,  and  are  furnished 
with  the  best  modern  equipments  for  their  respective  purposes.  The  aim 
of  this  seminary  is,  in  the  words  of  .the  charter,  "the  education  of  fit 
persons  in  the  Catholic  faith,  in  its  purity  and  integrity,  as  taught  in  the 
holy  scriptiires,  held  by  the  Primitive  Church,  summed  up  in  the  creeds, 
and  affirmed  by  the  undisputed  general  councils."  While,  therefore,  its 
principal  work  is  the  preparation  of  candidates  for  holy  orders,  neverthe- 
less, any  fit  persons,  clergymen  or  laymen,  and  whether  looking  forward  to 
the  sacred  ministry  or  not,  are  received  as  students  or  admitted  to  attend- 
ance upon  the  lecture  courses  of  the  seminary,  Tinder  proper  conditions.  It 
is  intended  to  afford  every  opportunity  and  assistance  to  theological  stu- 
dents in  preparing  themselves  for  the  examinations  required  by  the  canons 
of  the  church  for  admission  to  holy  orders,  and  in  fitting  themselves  for  the 
priestly  life  and  work. 

FEDERAL  REPRESENTATION. 

The  civil  authorities  and  functions  of  the  Federal  government  are  repre- 
sented in  Chicago  by  the  United  States  courts — circuit  (Walter  Q.  firesham, 
judge)  and  district,  (Peter  S.  Grosscup,  judge),  and  their  officers,  including 
the  U-  S.  district  attorney,  U-  S,  marshal  and  U.  S.  commissioners. 


IHB 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

STATUE    OF    LINCOLN    BY    ST.    GAUDENS. 

[See  Page  316  and  "  Parks."] 


310  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

U.  S.  Courts.— The  United  States  courts  in  Chicago  are  practically  three 
in  number — The  circuit  (Walter  Q.  Gresham,  judge),  the  district  (Peter  S. 
Grosscup,  judge),  and  the  U.  S.  circuit  court  of  appeals  (or  U.  S.  Appellate 
court,  as  it  is  sometimes  called),  of  the  Seventh  circuit  (John  M.  Harlan, 
Walter  Q.  Gresham  and  William  A.  Woods,  judges). 

U.  8.  Officers  in  Chicago.— The  United  States  officers  in  Chicago  are:  The 
postmaster,  post-office  inspector;  collector  of  customs,  collector  of  internal 
revenue;  U.  S.  appraiser,  U.  S.  pension  agent;  U.  S.  sub-treasurer;  special 
agent  of  the  U.  S.  treasury :  U.  S.  inspector  of  steam  vessels ;  stirgeoii  of 
U.  S.  Marine  Hospital,  U  S.  marshal,  U.  S.  district  attorney,  U.  S.  signal 
officer  and  the  U.  S.  lighthouse  inspector.  All  of  these,  excepting  the  U. 
S.  appraiser  who  is  to  be  found  in  the  Appraiser's  bldg.  [see  "  Appraiser's 
Building"),  and  the  U.  S.  signal  officer,  tower  of  Auditorium,  have  head- 
quarters in  the  custom  house  and  post-office  bldg. 

FIRE  DEPARTMENT. 

The  fire  department  of  Chicago  is  generally  acknowledged  to  be  the  best 
equipped  and  most  efficient  in  the  United  States,  which  means  that  it  is  the 
best  equipped  and  most  efficient  in  the  world,  for  the  firemen  of  this  country 
are  called  upon  to  be  prepared  for  and  to  meet  emergencies  which  do  not 
rise  in  the  cities  of  Europe.  [For  statistical  matter  with  reference  to  fires, 
etc.,  see  "  Appendix.  "] 

Central  Alarm  Office.— Basement  floor  of  City  Hall.  Here  all  alarms  are 
received  and  sent  out.  An  interesting  place  to  visit.  [See  "Guide."]  No 
public  alarms  are  sounded  in  Chicago. 

Equipment  and  Force. — The  fire  department  of  Chicago  consists  of  970 
men  and  officers,  72  steam  fire  engines,  22  chemical  fire  engines,  99  hose 
carts,  28hook  and  ladders  trucks,  1  water  tower,  3  fire  boats  (for  river  and 
harbor  service,  and  for  work  along  the  river  sides  on  buildings,  warehouses, 
lumber  yards,  etc.,  adjacent),  99  apparatus  stations,  421  horses,  and  an 
extensive  and  well  equipped  repair  shop.  As  an  auxiliary  to  the  depart- 
ment there  are  1,935  stations,  provided  with  necessary  instruments  and  sev- 
eral thousand  miles  of  wire  by  which  alarm  of  fire  may  be  communicated. 

Headquarters  and  Organization, — The  headquarters  of  the  Chica,go  Fire 
Department  are  located  in  the  City  Hall.  [See  "  Guide."]  The  organiza- 
tion consists  of  a  fire  marshal  and  chief  of  brigade,  a  first  and  second 
assistant,  a  department  secretary,  a  fire  inspector  and  13  chiefs  of 
battalions.  Each  engine  and  hook  and  ladder  company  is  commanded  by  a 
captain  and  lieutenant,  and  the  officers  and  men  of  the  99  apparatus  stations 
are  divided  into  13  batallions. 

Insurance  Patrol. — Established  in  1871,  by  the  underwriters  of  the  city 
for  the  protection  of  property,  merchandise,  etc.,  and  the  recovery  of  sal- 
vage from  the  interior  of  burning  buildings.  There  are  five  Fire  Patrol  sta- 
tions as  follows:  No.  1,  176  Monroe  St.,  16  men;  No.  2,  210  Peoria  st.,  West 
side,  10 men;  No.  3,  Dearborn  and  Twenty-third  sts.,  7  men;  No.  4,  Forty- 
third  st.  and  Center  ave.,  6  men;  No.  5,  60  Whiting  st.,  7  men.  Patrol  Station 
No.  1  is  located  on  Monroe  st.  between  La  Salle  st.  and  Fifth  ave.,  and  is  the 
most  accessible  to  visitors.  The  horses  and  men  are  trained  to  perfection 
and  the  operation  of  responding  to  an  alarm  is  one  of  the  most  interesting 
things  to  be  seen  in  Chicago.  The  patrol  service,  or  salvage  corps,  are 
generally  first  at  a  fire,  employing  fast  horses  and  light  equipment,  and 
they  save  a  vast  amount  of  property  annually. 

Location  of  Stations.— The  engine  houses  near  the  center  of  the  city 
and  within  easy  access  of  visitors,  are  located  as  follows:  No.  1,  271  Fifth 
ave.,  wholesale  district;  No.  10,  82  Pacific  ave.,  near  Board  of  Trade  and 
VanBurenst.  depot;  No.  13,  19  Dearborn  st.,  near  bridge;  No.  32,  foot  of 
Monroe  st. ;  No.  37  (river  fire  boat),  foot  of  La  Salle  st. ;  No.  40,  83  South 
Franklin  st,,  near  Telephone  building.  The  visitor,  should  an  alarm  happen 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  311 

to  be  signaled,    will  be  interested  in  the  perfect  training   and    dicipline 
exhibited  by  men  and  horses. 

Pension  Fund.— Firemen  are  retired  on  half-pay  after  continuous  service 
of  20  years,  the  fund  for  this  purpose  being-  established  and  maintained  by 
percentage  of  certain  municipal  revenues.  The  firemen  also  have  a 
Benevolent  Society  which  cares  for  disabled  members,  and  the  widows  and 
orphans  of  members.  It  is  in  a  prosperous  condition. 

FLATS  OR  APARTMENT  HOUSES. 

Among1  the  structures  that  will  demand  the  attention  of  visitors  and 
command  their  admiration,  are  the  many  beautiful  flat,  or  apartment 
houses,  which  have  been  erected  here  during  recent  years.  Some  of  these 
are  veritable  palaces.  They  cannot  be  classified  as  hotels,  nor  yet  among 
commercial  structures.  These  buildings  are  divided  into  flats,  or  apart- 
ments, and  rented  usxially  unfurnished.  Heat,  light,  janitor  and  elevator 
service  is  furnished  and  included  in  the  rent.  Following  are  the  leading 
flat  or  apartment  houses  A  few  are  described  in  detail  so  as  to  give  the 
reader  a  general  idea  of  the  character  of  these  buildings: 

Armour  Flats.— Location,  Dearborn  and  Thirty-third  sts.  Erected  by 
Mr.  P.  D.  Armour.  The  revenue  derived  from  these  flats  go  to  the  support 
of  the  Armour  Mission  and  the  Armour  Institute.  [See  "Armour  Mission" 
and  "Armour  Institute."] 

Belvedere  Flats.— Location,  3100  Cottage  Grove  ave.  One  of  the  numerous 
handsome  apartment  or  flat  buildings. 

Calumet  Flats. — Location,  248  Erie  st.  (North  side).  A  modern  apartment 
house. 

Cambridge  Flats.—  Location,  Thirty-ninth  st.  and  Ellis  ave.  A  beautiful 
apartment  house. 

Carlton  Flats. — Location,  63  Eighteenth  st.  A  handsome  structure  con- 
ducted on  the  apartment  plan. 

Dakota  Flats. — Location,  3025  Prairie  ave.  An  elegant  apartment 
building. 

Groveland  Apartment  Building.— Locatian,  S.  W.  Cor.  Groveland  ave. 
and  Thirty-first  st.  It  covers  a  lot  100x110  feet  and  is  one  of  the  finest  build- 
ings of  its  kind  in  the  city.  It  was  planned  by  Edbrooke  &  Burnham,  and 
was  built  for  P.  J.  Sorg,  Frank  H.  Ray,  and  Dennis,  Netling  &  Co.  The 
building  represents  an  outlay  of  not  far  from  $335,000.  The  two  street  fronts 
are  of  stone,  the  first  floor  being  of  granite  and  the  upper  floors  of  pink 
Kasota  stone.  Nine  tiers  of  bays  run  up  through  the  three  street  and 
alley  fronts  and  are  connected  by  iron  balconies.  The  btiilding  is  eight 
stories  high  and  contains  fifty-six  suites  of  five,  six  and  seven  rooms  each. 
The  halls  are  floored  with  tile  and  mosaic  and  lined  with  marble.  A  cafe  in 
the  basement  is  connected  by  elevators  with  a  roof  garden  on  the  top  of  the 
building. 

Hotel  de  Lincoln. — Location,  60-62  Wisconsin  st.  A  beautiful  hotel  and 
apartment  structure. 

Hotel  Vendome. — Location,  780  N.  Park  ave.  A  handsome  private  hotel 
and  apartment  building. 

Houghton  Flats.— "Location,  584  Dearborn  ave.    An  elegant  building. 

Ingleside  Flats. — Location,  1-5  Park  ave. 

Ivanhoe  Flats. —  Location,  Thirteenth  st.  and  Cottage  Grove  ave.  A 
modern  apartment  building. 

Kenilwortfi  Flats.— Location,  Thirty-sixth  st.,  N.  W.  Cor.  Ellis  ave. 

Lincoln  Park  Palace  Apartment  House. — Location,  Diversey  blvd.,  north 
of  Lincoln  Park.  There  are  two  large  main  entrances,  one  facing  south  on 


312  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Diversey  blvd.,  the  other  a  ladies'  entrance  on  North  Park  are.  Large 
halls  open  into  an  office,  35x62  feet,  which  affords  a  convenient  space  to  the 
right  for  the  ladies'  reception  room,  and  a  large  space  to  the  left  for  the 
office  proper  and  reading  rooms.  There  are  nine  floors  and  a  roof  garden. 
Georgia  marble  and  white  oak  are  used  in  finishing  the  basement. 
^Esthetic  to  a  degree  are  the  finishings  of  the  other  floors.  They  are  as 
follows:  The  first  floor  in  mahog-any  and  onyx;  second,  antique  oak  and 
Tennessee  marble ;  third,  sycamore  and  Maryland  marble;  fourth,  cypress 
and  light  Tennessee  marble;  fifth,  Georgia  pine  and  serpentine;  sixth, 
bird's-eye  maple  and  Italian  marble;  seventh,  birch  and  Sienna  marble; 
eighth,  cherry  and  African  marble.  Each  floor  has  six  large  apartments  of 
six,  seven  and  eight  rooms.  Solid  jasper  was  used  iu  the  construction  of 
the  building.  One  pleasing  feature  of  the  architecture  is  twelve  large  bays, 
also  of  jasper,  lOOfeet  higrh.  This  is  said  to  be  the  finest  structure  of  the 
kind  ever  erected  in  this  city. 

Ontario  Flats.— Location,  N.  State  st.,  S/W.  Cor.  Ontario.  One  "of  the  first 
of  the  great  apartment  buildings  erected  here,  and  one  of  the  most  magnifi- 
cent. 

Plaza  Apartment  Building.— Location,  N.  E.  Cor.  N.  Clark  st.,  and  North 
ave.  Faces  100  feet  on  North  ave.,  opposite  Lincoln  Park,  and  225  feet  on 
N.  Clark  st.  Cost,  $500,000.  The  house  is  eight  stories  high,  built  entire,  all 
around,  of  salmon-colored  pressed  brick,  terra  cotta  to  match,  and  plate 
glass.  It  contains  140  apartments  of  from  two  to  eijrht  rooms,  each  apart- 
ment being  equipped  with  a  pras  rangre,  porcelain  bath  tubs,  ice  box  and 
every  other  modern  convenience.  The  machinery  and  boilers  are  placed  in 
an  additional  building  in  the  rear,  50x100  feet  in  size.  The  establishment 
is  under  the  charge  of  a  manager  and  a  corps  of  clerks.  The  main  entrance 
on  the  first  floor  is  of  the  finest  marble  and  very  spacious,  having  a  large 
public  reception  room  and  an  office  where  someone  is  in  charge  night  and 
day.  There  are  two  passenger  elevators  and  one  freight  lift. 

Potomac  Apartment  House.—  Location,  the  S.  W.  Cor.  of  Michigan  ave. 
and  Thirtieth  st.  One  of  the  handsomest  apartment  structures  in  the  city. 
Ground  dimensions  123x100  feet,  8  stories  in  height;  contains  40  flats.  Cost 
of  the  building,  $250,000.  It  is  constructed  of  brick  with  stone  and  terra 
cotta  trimmings.  Completed  Januai'y  1,  1893. 

Prairie  Flats. — Location,  3031  Prairie  ave.  An  elegantly  finished  apart- 
ment house. 

Roslyn  Place  Apartment  House.— Location.  Roslyn  Place,  fronting  Lin- 
coln Park.  Seven  stories  high,  finished  in  marble ;  beautiful  interior,  with 
modern  improvements.  Cost  $200,000.  A  novel  feature  in  connection  with 
the  building  is  a  mineral  spring  fitted  up  in  an  attractive  manner. 

FOUNTAINS,  MONUMENTS,  STATUES. 

It  has  only  been  within  the  past  ten  years  that  the  beautifying  of  the 
city  with  fountains,  monuments  and  statuary  has  engaged  the  attention 
Of  wealthy  citizens.  Now  scarcely  a  month  passes  but  that  some  pro- 
vision, either  by  donation  or  bequest,  is  made  for  a  useful  or  ornamental 
work  of  art.  Some  of  the  works  mentioned  below  are  only  in  a  projected 
stage  at  the  present  writing,  but  there  are  many  others  that  will  be  ready 
for  public  inspection  before  the  close  of  1893. 

Anarchist  Monument.— Erected  at  .Waldheim,  the  burial  place  of  the 
Anarchists  executed  for  complicity  in  the  Haymarket  bomb  throwing.  [See 
"Cemeteries"  and  "Haymarket  Massacre."]  Take  train  via  Chicago 
&  Northern  Pacific.  The  design  accepted  was  drawn  by  a  young  German- 
American  of  this  city.  The  artist  caught  his  inspiration  from  Freiligrath's 
song,  "  Revolution,"  the  spirit  of  which  his  creation  embodies.  A  shaft  of 
marble  arises  to  the  height  of  sixteen  feet.  On  its  sides  are  the  portraits  of 
the  five  Anarchists  with  appropriate  inscriptions,  one  of  which  contains. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

THE  JOHN  M.  SMYTH  BUILDING,  W.  MADISON  ST. 

[See  "  Guide  "  and  "  Buildings."^ 


314  GUIDE    TO    CHICAGO. 

the  last  words  of  Spies  before  he  was  executed:  "  Our  silence  Mail  be  more 
powerful  than  the  voices  you  strangle  to-day."  At  the  base  of  the  shaft  are 
two  bronze  figures,  life-size,  symbolical  of  revolution  and  the  revolutionist. 
One  is  that  of  a  young  woman  of  the  people  bending  over  the  prostrate 
form  of  the  dying  revolutionist  and  placing  upon  his  brow  the  laurel  wreath 
of  victory. 

Andersen  Bust. — Location,  the  Anderson  School,  Lincoln  and  West 
Division  sts.  In  memory  of  Hans  Christian  Andersen.  It  is  placed  on  the 
main  floor  of  the  school  building. 

Armstrong  Bust. — Location  N.  W.  Cor.  of  the  Post-office  building.  Erected 
by  the  post-office  employes  in  honor  of  George  B.  Armstrong,  founder  of  the 
railway  mail  service. 

Cronin  Monument. — Location,  Calvary  cemetery.  Erected-in  memory  of 
Dr.  Cronin,  the  victim  of  a  brutal  conspiracy.  The  Cronin  murder  was  a 
celebrated  case  and  attracted  world  wide  attention  because  of  the  national 
and  political  complexion  of  the  circumstances  surrounding  it. 

Daniel  O'Connell  Statue.— To  be  erected  by  the  Daniel  O'Connell  associa- 
tion. Site  not  chosen. 

Douglas  Monument.— Location,  the  lake  front,  foot  of  Thirty-fifth  st.  A 
graceful  shaft  rising  above  the  mausoleum  in  which  rest  the  remains  of 
the  statesman  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  surmounted  by  a  life-size  statue.  The 
figure  of  Douglas  faces  the  east.  Erected  by  the  citizens  of  Chicago  in 
memory  of  the  "Little  Giant." 

Drake  Fountain.— Location,  North  side  of  Washington,  between  La  Salle 
and  Clark  sts.,  between  the  City  Hall  and  Court  House.  The  fountain  is  a 
handsome  one,  19  by  19  feet.  It  terminates  in  an  octagonal  spire  and  a 
carved  finial.  From  molded  bases  on  the  platform  rise  graceful  flying  but- 
tresses, each  in  a  single  stone,  extending  to  and  connecting  with  the  upper 
section  of  the  die.  On  the  front  of  the  platform  stands  a  polished  pedestal 
with  molded  cap  and  base.  Upon  the  pedestal  stands  the  bronze  statue  of 
Christopher  Columbus,  who  is  represented  at  the  age  of  about  fifty,  when  he 
had  in  mind  and  purpose  the  great  voyage  of  discovery  which  was  the  desire 
of  his  life.  He  is  bareheaded  and  wears  a  belted  blouse  with  long  hose  and 
low  shoes.  Appropriately  referring  to  this  period  of  his  life,  he  holds  in  his 
left  hand  a  globe,  from  which  his  gaze  has  apparently  wandered  in  vision  to 
lands  beyond  the  sea.  His  right  hand,  holding  a  pair  of  dividers,  rests  on 
his  hip.  The  pose  is  graceful  and  pleasing,  and  is  perhaps  the  best  work  of 
the  celebrated  sculptor,  R.  M.  Park,  of  Chicago,  formerly  of  Florence,  Italy. 
It  was  cast  at  Rome,  Italy.  This  fountain  was  presented  to  the  city  of 
Chicago  by  Mr.  John  B.  Drake. 

Drexel  Fountain. — Location,  intersection  of  Drexel  blvd.  and  Drexel  ave. 
Washington  park.  Take  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line.  Presented  to  the 
park  by  the  Misses  Drexel  of  Philadelphia  in  memory  of  their  father,  after 
whom  the  boulevard  is  named.  It  is  a  beautiful  design  in  bronze. 

Drinking  Fountains.— Numerous  drinking  fountains  are  to  be  found 
throughout  the  city ;  the  street  corner  fire-plugs  being  utilized  in  a  novel 
manner  for  this  purpose.  These  fountains  were  constructed  rather  for 
service  than  adornment.  In  the  summer  season  they  are  well  patronized  by 
all  classes. 

Ellsworth  Monument. — In  honor  of  Col.  Ellsworth,  killed  at  Alexandria, 
Va.,  at  the  opening  of  the  rebellion.  [See  "Ellsworth  Zouaves."]  To  be 
erected  by  popular  subscription.  It  will  take  the  form  of  a  public  drinking 
fountain.  There  will  be  a  heroic  figure  of  Colonel  Ellsworth,  with  subordi- 
nate groupings  of  other  officers  that  were  closely  identified  with  him.  For 
a  location  it  is  expected  that  a  central  down-town  site  will  be  chosen  instead 
of  one  of  the  parks.  The  Chicago  Zouaves  have  the  project  in  hand. 

Farragut  Monument,  Lincoln  Park. — The  local  G.  A.  R.  Posts  are  engaged 
in  devising  means  for  the  erection  of  a  monument  to  Admiral  Farragut,  in 
Lincoln  Park. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  315 

Finch  Monument. — Erected  by  the  Good  Templars  to  John  B.  Finch,  in 
Rose  Hill  Cemetei-y-  The  statue,  which  is  a  beautiful  piece  of  bronze  work, 
stands  on  a  handsome  granite  pedestal.  John  B.  Finch  was  a  temperance 
speaker  of  great  persuasiveness,  with  a  peculiar  charm  of  manner  and  a 
wonderful  stock  of  anecdote,  which  rendered  him  very  successful  on  the 
platform.  He  was  born  in  Chenango  county,  New  York,  March  17,  1852.  He 
received  a  good' education,  and,  when  a  lad,  became  identified  w:th  the  Good 
Templar  movement.  In  1877  he  went  to  Nebraska  and  took  a  leading  part 
in  the  red-ribbon  movement,  which  resulted  in  more  than  100,000  persons 
signing  the  pledge.  He  was  successful  in  healing  the  breach  that  existed 
between  the  Good  Templars  of  England  and  the  United  States.  The  last 
years  of  his  life  were  spent  at  Evanston.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
chairman  of  the  prohibition  national  committee.  He  died  of  heart  failure, 
which  overtook  him  while  on  a  visit  to  Boston,  October  3, 1887.  His  remains 
were  brought  to  Evanston  and  interred  in  the  Rose  Hill  Cemetery. 

Fort  Dearborn  Memorial  Statue, — Location,  Eighteenth  st.  and  Calumet 
ave.,  the  spot  where  the  celebrated  massacre  of  Fort  Dearborn  culminated. 
Presented  to  the  city  by  George  M.  Pullman,  Esq.  Designed  by  Carl  Rolf 
Smith,  a  Danish  sculptor.  It  is  a  striking  group  of  historical  figures. 
The  base  is  8  feet  by  4  feet  7  inches,  the  pedestal  is  10  feet  high,  and  the 
group  is  9  feet  higher.  The  sculptor  shows  in  the  front  of  the  group  Black 
Partridge,  the  Pottawattomie  chief,  saving  Mrs.  Helm  from  death  by  the 
tomahawk  in  the  hands  of  one  of  his  own  tribe.  It  was  a  law  among  the 
Indians  that  a  captor  had  a  right  to  do  as  he  liked  with  the  prizes  he  took 
in  battle,  and  Black  Partridge  claimed  his  right  to  the  possession  of  Mrs. 
Helm,  with  whose  family  he  had  been  on  friendly  terms.  He  is  shown  in 
the  group  with  one  arm  about  the  waist  of  his  prize  and  the  other  thrust 
forward  to  ward  off  the  blow  the  other  savage  is  about  to  deal,  At  the  back 
of  the  group  Dr.  Van  Voorhees,  the  post  surgeon  of  Fort  Dearborn,  is  meet- 
ing his  death  at  the  hands  of  an  Indian  who  has  thrown  him  down  and  is 
thrusting  a  spear  through  his  breast.  History  does  not  state  the  exact 
manner  in  which  the  surgeon  was  killed,  but  the  introduction  of  a  spear  is 
undoubtedly  an  anachronism.  The  sixth  figure  is  that  of  0  crying  child 
seated  on  the  ground,  which  recalls  the  fact  that  twelve  children  were  tom- 
ahawked on  that  day.  Kicking  Bear,  the  hostile  Sioux,  who  was  a  pi'isoner 
at  Fort  Sheridan  in  1892,  posed  for  the  figure  of  Black  Partridge,  and 
Short  Bull  served  as  a  model  for  the  other  figures.  The  subject  of  the  front 
bas-relief  is  a  general  view  of  the  battle  of  Chicago.  That  on  the  rear 
depicts  the  evacuation  of  Fort  Dearborn,  Capt.  Wells,  who  had  come  to 
support  Capt.  Heald,  the  commander  of  the  fort,  leading  the  way  with  his 
Miami  warriors,  followed  by  the  settlers  and  garrison,  while  near  by  is  a 
band  of  Pottawattomies,  who  were  supposed  to  be  friendly,  but  proved  to 
be  enemies.  On  the  sides  are  shown  the  death  of  Capt.  Wells  and  Black 
Partridge  returning  his  medal,  which  had  been  given  him  for  his  friendli- 
ness by  the  United  States  Government,  to  Capt.  Heald  and  Capt.  Wells. 
The  figures  comprising  the  group  are  well  modeled,  and,  although  they  are 
all  shown  in  action,  it  is  arrested  action,  and  the  arrangement  of  lines  gives 
sufficient  repose  to  the  masses  to  make  the  group  thoroughly  statuesque, 
almost  architectural, 

Grant  Statue,  Galena.— Mr.  H.  H.  Kohlsaat,  of  ihis  city,  presented  the 
citizens  of  Galena  with  a  statue  of  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  which  was  unveiled  in 
the  presence  of  a  distinguished  gathering  on  January  3,  1891,  little  Pauline 
Kohlsaat,  daughter  of  the  donor,  removing  the  covering.  The  oration  was 
delivered  by  Chauncey  Depew,  of  New  York.  The  statue  is  of  bronze,  and 
represents  the  old  commander  standing  in  a  characteristic  attitude,  with 
one  hand  thrust  carelessly  in  his  trousers'  pocket  and  the  other  resting 
lightly  in  his  vest.  It  stands  on  a  handsome  base  in  Grant  Park.  Trains 
for  Galena,  General  Grant's  old  home,  may  be  taken  at  the  Northwestern 
depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts. 

Grant  Statue,  Lincoln,  Park.— Situated  on  the  North  Shore  drive,  Lincoln 
Park.  Take  the  N.  Clark  st.  or  Wells  st.  cable  line.  A  magnificent  monu- 
ment to  the  memory  of  the  great  general  of  the  Civil  War.  The  sculptor 


316  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

was  Louis  T.  Rebisso,  an  exile  from  his  native  land  for  the  part  he  took  in 
striving-  to  establish  a  republic  in  Italy.  The  general  is  in  full  uniform, 
mounted  and  in  the  attitude  of  critical  inspection.  Grasping  a  field-glass 
in  his  right  hand,  he  rests  it  in  an  easy  and  wholly  unstudied  manner  upon 
his  right  thigh,  as  after  having  taken  a  careful  survey  of  the  field.  The  pose 
of  the  human  figure  suggests  a  concentration  of  thought,  and  the  confidence 
beget  of  self-reliance.  Apparently  he  is  observing  the  execution  of  an  order 
in  some  movements  of  the  troops.  Both  horse  and  rider  are  in  a  state  of 
vigilant  yet  firm  repose.  With  the  single  exception  of  President  Lincoln's 
no  face  and  figure  are  more  familiar  to  the  American  people  than  General 
Grant's.  The  -statue  measures  eighteen  feet  three  inches  in  height  from 
the  bottom  of  the  plinth  to  the  highest  point.  It  is  the  largest  bronze  cast- 
ing ever  attempted  in  this  country. 

Hans  Christian  Andersen  Monument.— This  monument  is  in  the  hands  of 
a  society  of  the  great  story  teller's  countrymen. 

Hirsch  Monument. — Erected  by  Sinai  Congregation  in  honor  of  the  late 
Dr.  Samuel  Hirsch,  at  Rose  Hill  Cemetery.  The  monument  is  a  plain  marble 
shaft. 

Humboldt  Statue. — Location,  Humboldt  Park.  [See  "Park  System."] 
Erected  by  German-American  citizens  of  Chicago  in  honor  of  Alexander  Von 
Humboldt,  traveler,  philosopher  and  naturalist.  It  is  a  beautiful  work  of 
art,  representing  the  subject  standing  at  full  height  in  an  easy  conversa- 
tional attitude. 

Indian  Group,  Lincoln  Park. — Located  near  zoological  gardens,  Repre- 
senting a  group  of  Pottowatomie  Indians,  the  brave  shading  his  eyes  with 
his  hand,  as  if  on  the  look-out.  This  beautiful  monument  was  presented  to 
the  park  by  the  late  Martin  Ryerson,  Sr. 

Knickerbocker  Monument. — Location,  South  Park.  Erected  to  the  mem- 
ory of  Judge  Joshua  Knickerbocker  by  his  brother,  John  J.  Knickerbocker 
Leonard  Volk  sculptor. 

Kosciasko  Monument. — Projected  by  the  Kosciusko,  Monument  Associ- 
ation, which  proposes  to  erect  a  $25,000  statue  to  the  Polish  patriot  at 
Humboldt  Park. 

La  Salle  Monument,  Lincoln  Park. — A  handsome  statue  of  the  great 
French  exploiter,  presented  to  the  park  by  Judge  Lambert  Tree.  It  is 
located  near  the  zoological  gardens. 

Lincoln  Monument,  Lincoln  Park.— Located  at  the  head  of  Dearborn  ave. 
One  of  the  finest  works  of  art  in  existence.  Designed  by  St.  Gaudens  from 
a  bequest  of  the  late  Eli  Bates,  amounting  to  $50,000.  The  great  president 
is  represented  in  a  standing  attitude,  his  hand  resting  on  a  chair.  He  is 
about  to  speak.  The  statue  is  such  a  life-like  portrait  that  it  seems  as  though 
the  real  Lincoln  were  thei-e.  It  has  been  highly  praised  by  the  most  critical 
of  critics. 

Logan  Statue. — Location  unsettled.  To  be  erected  to  the  memory  of  the 
late  General  and  Senator,  John  A  Logan.  Soon  after  the  death  of  Gen- 
eral Logan,  in  1887,  the  Illinois  legislature  passed  an  act  appropriating 
$50,000  for  a.monument  of  John  A.  Logan  and  for  the  appointment  of  commis- 
sioners therefor.  The  monument  was  to  be  erected  "  at  such  a  point  in  the 
City  of  Chicago  or  elsewhere  in  the  State  of  Illinois  as  may  be  selected  by 
his  widow,"  and  the  commissioners  were  authorized  and  empowered  to 
receive  proposals  and  to  contract  for  the  completion  of  such  monument  and 
to  receive  subscriptions  therefor..  It  was  further  provided,  that  if  the  place 
selected  for  the  monument  should  be  a  public  park,  the  commissioners  in 
charge  of  such  park  should  be  "authorized,  empowered,  and  directed  to 
place  the  monument  upon  a  site  so  selected  by  said  widow,  and  to  provide 
that  such  monument  shall  be  made  the  permanent  resting  place  of  the 
remains  of  said  John  A.  Logan  and  of  his  widow  after  her  death." 

Mulligan  Monument . — Location,  Calvary  Cemetery.  [See  "Cemeteries."] 
Erected  in  honor  of  the  gallant  Col.  Mulligan,  the  "hero  of  Lexington."  It 
is  a  handsome  piece  of  work. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
THE  INDIAN  GROUP,  LINCOLN  PARK.1* 
(.See  Page  316  and  "Parks.1'] 


318  GUIDE  TO   CHICAGO. 

Ogden  Statue.— The  projected  statue  to  the  late  William  B.  Ogden,  first 
mayor  of  Chicago,  will  be  erected  on  the  Lincoln  Park  front,  just  south  of 
tke  intersection  of  N.  Clark  and  Wells  sts.  This  intersection  is  to  be  known 
hereafter  as  Ogden  pi.  The  heirs  of  the  Ogden  estate  are  to  provide  the 
statue.  No  definite  plans  had  been  agreed  upon  up  to  this  writing. 

Police  Monument. —Location,  Eastern  end  of  Haymarket  Square,  at  the 
intersection  of  Randolph  and  Desplaines  sts.  The  statue  is  that  of  a  police- 
man, taken  from  life,  with  baton  uplifted  as  if  giving  utterance  to  the  words 
which  are  cut  in  the  pedestal — "  In  the  Name  of  the  People  of  Illinois  I  Com- 
mand Peace."  The  monument  was  erected  by  th  3  people  of  Chicago  to  com- 
memorate the  heroic  conduct  of  the  policemen  OA  Chicago  on  the  night  of 
the  anarchist  1^ mb-throwing  in  Haymarket  Square.  [See  "Haymarket 
Massacre."] 

Rosenberg  Fountain. — Location,  Lake  Front  Park,  foot  of  Van  Buren  st.» 
where  a  plot  of  ground  75  feet  square  was  granted  for  the  purpose.  Cost  of 
fountain  defrayed  by  bequest  of  $10,000  in  the  will  of  the  late  Joseph  Rosen- 
berg, of  San  Francisco.  The  statue  which  surmounts  the  fountain  is  a  bronze 
figure  of  the  goddess,He  be.  The  figure  is  of  exceptionally  graceful  outline  and 
is  nude,  save  for  a  little  clinging  drapery  that  falls  from  the  left  arm  across 
the  form.  The  pose  is  easy  and  natural,  the  right  arm  being  raised.  The 
lifted  hand  holds  a  vase  or  water  pitcher — a  symbol,  as  it  were,  of  the  pur- 
pose of  the  structure.  A  star-decked  crown  rests  iipon  the  head.  The  base 
is  essentially  Grecian,  like  the  surmounting  figure.  The  style  is  strictly 
Doric.  A  circular  sub-base,  15  feet  9  inches  in  diameter  and  10  inches  high, 
supports  the  basin  of  the  fountain.  From  the  rim  of  this  basin  rise  six  col- 
umns 6  feet  6  inches  high;  on  these  rests,  as  the  sub-base  of  the  statue,  a  full, 
finely  wrought  entablature,  the  whole  structure  making  a  unique  pedestal 
for  the  figure.  The  stone  work  is  rich-colored  Bovena  granite,  the  same  as 
is  used  in  the  Drake  fountain.  The  entire  height  of  the  fountain  pedestal 
to  the  base  of  the  statue  is  14  feet,  SY2  inches,  and  the  height  of  the  figure  is 
11  feet.  The  fountain  proper  rises  between  the  Doric  columns  and  overflows 
through  six  pipes,  or  channels,  arranged  between  the  pillars,  the  water  fall- 
ing freely  into  the  basin,  but  within  easy  reach  of  those  wishing  to  drink. 
The  space  beneath  the  statue  is  lighted  by  electricity. 

Schiller  Monument ;  Lincoln  Pai-k— Located  at  the  end  of  the  beautiful 
floral  ave.,  near  the  park  lake.  A  magnificent  statue  of  the  poet,  presented 
by  the  German  citizens  of  Chicago. 

Shakepeare  Statue,  Lincoln  Park. — Location,  near  the  Indian  group. 
Erected  from  a  fund  left  by  Mr.  SamuelJohnson.  O.  W.  Partridge,  sculptor- 
Mr.  Patridge  has  made  a  careful  study  of  the  death-mask  of  the  great 
dramatist,  consulted  many  able  Shakesperian  students,  and  spent  some 
time  at  Stratford-on-Avoii  in  order  to  prepare  himself  for  the  work  of  recon- 
structing the  portrait.  The  conception  of  Mr.  Patridge  is  not  the  haxighty 
actor  or  the  solemn  philosopher,  pondering  on  the  frailty  of  humanity,  but 
the  smiling  poet  and  observer  of  mankind.  The  pose  of  the  figure  is  grace- 
ful, and  the  costume  and  accessories  in  keeping.  The  chair  on  which  the 
figure  is  seated  has  a  suggestion  of  heaviness  about  it,  but  this  is  imdoubt- 
edly  made  necessary  by  the  weight  which  it  must  support. 

Sheridan  Statue.— To  be  erected  to  the  memory  of  Gen.  P.  H.  Sheridan  at 
Union  Park,  West  side,  at  the  personal  cost  of  Mr.  Charles  T.  Yei'kes.  No 
expense,  it  is  understood,  will  be  spared  in  making  this  one  of  the  hand- 
somest monuments  of  the  city  and  in  producing  the  most  accurate  likeness 
of  "  Little  Phil"  in  existence. 

Shield's  Statue. — Designed  by  Leonard  Volk.  Location  at  pi'esent 
unknown.  In  honor  of  the  great  Irishman,  a  general  in  two  wars  and  a  U. 
S.  Senator  from  three  states  of  the  American  Union.  The  statue  is  of  heroic 
size,  a  little  more  than  seven  feet  in  height,  representing  Gen.  Shields 
standing  erect,  in  a  graceful  u.ttitude,  with  the  head  slightly  elevated  and 
bending  slightly  to  the  right.  He  is  attired  in  the  uniform  he  wore  in  the 
Mexican  War,  with  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General,  the  right  hand  resting  in 
a  military  sash  and  the  left  covering  the  hilt  of  a  sword  resting  on  the 


GENJSBAL  INFORMATION.  319 

grotmd.  The  position  is  thoroughly  military  in  appearance,  is  dignified  and 
attractive.  It  portrays  Shields  in  his  73d  year.  It  will  be  cast  in  bronze. 

Soldiers'  Monument.— Located  at  Rose  Hill  Cemetery.  [See  "Cemeteries."] 
A  greceful  shaft  surmounted  with  the  figure  of  a  private  soldier  of  the 
United  States.  In  commemoration  of  the  volunteers  who  fell  ii?  the  war  of 
the  rebellion. 

Talcott  Fountain.— Located  in  Garfield  Park,  West  side.  Take  Madison 
st.  cable  line.  Erected  by  Mrs.  Mancel  Talcott  in  memory  of  her  husband. 
This  and  other  fountains  in  the  several  parks  are  cai*ed  for  by  the  Chicago 
Humane  Society. 

Victor  Hugo  Monument.— Location,  Lincoln  Park.    Not  yet  erected. 

Von  Linne  Statue,  Lincoln  Park. — Erected  to  the  memory  of  Carl  von 
Linne,  or  Lineaus  as  the  world  calls  him,  an  illustrious  native  of  Sweden. 
The  statue  is  of  bronze,  of  heroic  size,  on  a  white  marble  pedestal,  and  it 
overlooks  the  little  common  near  the  foot  of  Fullerton  ave.  The  spot  is  one 
of  the  prettiest  in  the  park.  The  moument  is  encircled  with  fine  trees  and  it 
looks  south  over  a  fine  expanse  of  landscape.  It  cost  the  Linnasan  Monu- 
ment Association  which  built  it  $22,000,  and  is  one  of  the  handsomest 
monuments  in  the  West.  The  statue  was  unveiled  May  23d,  1891. 

Wenlworth  Monument.— Location,  Rose  Hill  cemetery.  [See  "Ceme- 
teries."] A  plain  column,  30  feet  in  height,  marking  the  burial  place  of  the 
late  "Long"  John  Wentworth,  a  notable  character  in  Chicago  for  many 
years,  and  an  ex-mayor  and  member  of  Congress.  The  monument  was 
erected  before  his  death  by  Mr.  Wentworth. 

William,  Prince  of  Orange,  Statue. — To  be  erected  by  the  Netherlanders 
of  Chicago,  who  have  formed  themselves  into  an  organization  called  "Wil- 
liam the  Silent  Company." 

Yerkes  Fountain,  The. — Among  the  great  attractions  for  the  visitor  is 
the  magnificent  electric  foiintain  at  Lincoln  Park,  which  was  presented  to 
the  people  of  Chicago  by  Mr.  C.  T.  Yerkes,  president  of  the  North  and  West 
Side  street  railway  companies.  This  fountain  cost  in  the  neighborhood  of 
$50,000,  and  is  the  finest  of  its  kind  in  existence.  It  is  in  operation  about  two 
hours  every  pleasant  evening  during  the  summer  months,  and  presents  an 
enchanting  spectable  to  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  people  wrho  flock  to 
see  it.  It  is  as  if  the  colors  of  a  hundred  rainbows  were  concentrated  here 
into  one  beautifiil  fountain  cf  prismatic  light.  Its  ever-changing  glories 
compel  the  coldest  of  observers  to  give  expression  to  wonder,  amazement 
and  delight.  Take  N.  Clark  st.  cable  line  aboxit  7  P.  M.,  during  the  summer 
evenings,  for  main  entrance  to  Lincoln  Park  and  N.  Clark  St.,  and  walk 
directly  east  toward  the  lake  shore. 

HOSPITALS. 

The  hospitals  of  Chicago  are  mimerous,  the  system  under  which  they 
are  conducted,  as  a  rule,  is  liberal,  their  management  is  admirable,  and 
their  charity  is  Catholic  in  its  scope.  The  visitor  or  stranger  in  this  city  if 
stricken  down  by  accident  or  disease  need  not  fear  but  that  he  will  be  cared 
for  with  the  same  solicitude  and  tenderness  that  he  would  find  at  his  own 
home,  no  matter  what  his  nativity  or  his  creed  may  be,  or  whether  he  be 
rich  or  penniless.  The  hospitals  of  Chicago  never  close  their  doors  upon 
the  stranger.  Public,  private,  Protestant,  Roman  Catholic  and  Jewish  in- 
stitutions alike  are  open  to  men,  women  and  children  in  distress,  without 
Question,  and,  when  there  is  a  necessity  for  it,  without  price.  There  are 
thirty-five  patrol  wagons  in-the  police  service,  every  one  of  which  is  equipped 
as  an  ambulance,  and  is  used  as  such  in  case  of  emergency.  One  or 
more  of  these  may  be  summoned  to  the  scene  of  an  accident,  or  to  the  relief 
of  a  stricken  person,  within  the  space  of  ten  minutes  from  almost  any  given 


320  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

point  in  the  city.  In  addition  to  the  patrol  ambulance  service,  there  are 
regular  ambulances,  built  especially  with  a  view  to  the  comfort  of  afflicted 
or  injured  persons.  To  Miss  Ada  C.  Sweet  belongs  the  honor  of  originating 
the  regular  ambulance  service  in  this  city.  Those  who  need  medical  at- 
tendance and  medicine,  and  find  themselves  unable  to  meet  the  cost  of  the 
the  same,  will  be  pi-ovided  for'  at  the  various  dispensaries  mentioned 
under  head  of  "charities."  Under  the  same  heading  also  is  given  a  full  list 
of  the  hospitals  of  the  city.  Here  it  is  only  necessary  to  notice  the  leading 
institutions. 

INEBRIATE  ASYLUMS.— The  institutions  of  the  city  which  receive  and  treat 
patients  suffering  from  alcoholism  are :  Alexian  Brothers'  hospital,  539-569 
N.  Market  st.  (take  N.  Market  st.  car) ;  Dr.  Chas.  W.  Earle's  private  sani- 
itarium,  533  Washington  blvd.  (take  Madison  st.  cable  line) ;  Martha  Wash- 
ington Home  (for females  exclusively),  Graceland  and  Western  aves.,  Cuy- 
ler  station,  near  Ravenswood  (take  train  at  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.);  Mercy 
Hospital,  conducted  by  the  Sisters  of  Mercy,  Calumet  ave.  and  Twenty- 
sixth  st.  (take  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line) ;  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  con- 
ducted by  the  Sisters  of  Charity,  Garfield  ave.  and  Burling  St.,  near  N.  Hal- 
stedst.  (take  Garfield  ave.  or  N.  Halsted  st.  car),  and  the  Washingtonian 
Home,  W.  Madison  st.  andOgdenave.  (take  Madison  st.  cable  line).  Of  these 
institutions,  hospital  treatment  only  is  afforded  by  all  excepting  the  Martha 
Washington  and  Washingtonian  Homes.  The  latter  are  reformatory  insti- 
tutions, and,  when  their  rules  are  strictly  enforced,  do  not  accept  patients 
merely  for  physical  treatment.  There  are  several  "Bi-Chloride  of  Gold"  and 
other  so-called  cures  for  aicholisin  in  operation  here,  none  of  which  can  be 
recommended.  These  are  merely  imitators  of  the  Keeley  cure.  The  parent 
Keeley  Institute  is  located  at  Dwight,  72  miles  southwest  of  Chicago  on 
the  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad.  [See  "Keeley  Institute."] 

Alexian  Brothers'  Hospital.— Located  at  539  to  569  N.  Market  st.  Take  N. 
Market  st.  car.  Conducted  by  the  order  of  Cellites  or  Alexian  Brothers.  A 
Roman  Catholic  hospital  which  admits  all  creeds  and  classes.  The  build- 
ings are  large  and  handsome. 

Augustana  Hospital. — Located  at  151  Lincoln  ave.  Take  Lincoln  ave.  cable 
line.  Conducted  by  the  Swedish  Evangelical  Lutheran  Churches. 

Baptist  Hospital,  The  Chicago.— Located,  at  Nos.  32  and  34  Center  st.,  N. 
E.  Cor.  Racine  ave.  Take  Cly  bourn  ave.  cable  or  trailer  on  Lincoln  ave. 
cable.  Incorporated,  January  26,  1892.  Present  hospital  opened  July,  1892. 
It  has  36  rooms  and  a  capacity  for  60  beds.  One  of  the  youngest  but  one  of 
the  most  promising  of  Chicagos'  great  charities. 

Bennett  Hospital.— located,  at  the  Cor.  cf  Ada  and  Fulton  sts.  Take 
Lake  st.  car. 

Chicago  Emergency  Hospital. — Located  at  192  E.  Superior  st.  Take  N. 
Clark  st.  cable  line.  Conducted  under  the  auspices  of  an  association  of 
Christian  ladies.  Its  object  is  to  care  for  persons  suddenly  stricken,  and 
who  can  not  be  removed  to  the  regular  hospitals  without  risk  of  life. 

Chicago  Homeopathic  Hospital.— 'Located,  at  the  Cor.  of  South  Wood  and 
York  sts.  Take  Ogden  ave.  or  W.  Taylor  st.  car. 

Chicago  Floating  Hospital.— Located  at  North  Pier,  Lincoln  Park.  Take 
N.  Clark  st.  cable  line.  Open  only  during  July  and  August.  [See  "  Chicago 
Daily  News  Fresh  Air  Fund,"  under  head  of  "Charities."] 

Chicago  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children.— Located,  at  the  K.  W.  Cor.  of 
W.  Adams  and  Paulina  sts.,  West  side.  Take  Madison  st.  or  Ogden  ave.  cable 
cars.  This  is  one  of  the  handsomest  charity  structures  in  the  city.  The 
entire  force  within  its  -vails,  except  the  engineer,  fireman  and  janitor,  are 
women.  Expenses  met  from  contributions,  and  from  receipts  from  paying 
patients.  Six  attending  physicians ;  fifteen  of  the  leading  physicians  of 
the  city  are  on  the  consulting  staff. 

Cook  County  Hospital.— Situated,  between  Wood,  Harrison,  Lincoln  and 
Polk  sts.,  West  side.  Take  Ogden  ave.,  Taylor  st.  or  Van  Buren  st.  car.  One 


322  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO, 

of  the  largest  public  hospitals  in  the  world.  It  is  conducted  under  the 
management  of  a  warden  appointed  by  the  county  commissioners.  The 
visitor  will  be  much  interested  by  a  walk  through  the  spacious  wards  and 
corridors  of  this  immmense  institution.  The  hospital  was  established  in 
1865,  though  it  did  not  begin  its  work  until  January,  1866.  Previous  to  that 
time  the  city  had  been  accustomed  to  board  its  sick  at  Mercy  Hospital.  The 
new  buildings,  which  were  not  all  erected  at  the  same  time,  consist  now  of  a 
long  administration  building  of  imposing  appearance,  and  a  pavilion  of  four 
wards,  and  a  wing  of  three  wards  on  each  side  of  it,  with  generous  spaces 
between  all  these  buildings,  conducing  greatly,  not  only  to  their  appearance, 
but  to  the  light,  ventilation  and  comfort  of  the  wards.  They  are  situated 
on  a  lot  containing  twelve  acres  of  ground.  The  hospital  always  contains 
500  patients  and  200  physicians,  nurses  and  employes.  The  kitchen  has  in 
connection  an  ice  house  holding  forty  tons  of  ice.  The  wards  are  fourteen 
in  number,  and  of  these,  three  are  male  medical,  five  are  male  surgical,  one 
is  female  medical  and  two  female  surgical,  in  addition  to  one  obstetrical 
ward  and  one  ward  for  children.  The  pavilion  wards  are  very  large,  being 
120  feet  long  by  thirty  in  width.  The  wing  wards  are  46 by  15  feet  in  size  and 
contain  about  thirty  beds.  Every  ward  has  in  connection  with  it  a  bath- 
room, a  nurse-room,  a  linen-room,  a  kitchen  and  dining-room.  The  surgi- 
cal wards  have  also  operating  rooms.  The  beds  are  all  of  iron,  with  woven 
wire  springs.  The  floors  of  the  wards  are  of  Georgia  pine,  and  the  floors 
of  the  corridors  are  paved  with  tiles. 

German  Hospital.— Located  at  754-756  Larrabee  St.,  North  side.  Take 
Lincoln  ave.  street  car.  This  is  one  of  the  leading  though  not  the  largest 
hospitals  in  the  city,  and  is  supported  by  donations  and  an  association  of 
citizens  mostly  of  German  birth  and  descent. 

Hahnemann  Hospital.— Locale  A  at  2813-2815  Groveland  ave.  Take  Cottage 
Grove  ave.  cable  line.  This  hospital  is  established  for  the  homoeopathic 
treatment  of  medical  and  surgical  diseases.  It  is  a^  private  institution  and 
wholly  under  control  of  its  board  of  trustees  and  medical  staff.  It  is  open 
for  the  reception  of  patients  at  all  times  during  the  year  and  takes  all  classes 
except  contagious  diseases. 

Ingraham  Free  Hospital  for  the  Poor. —  Provided  for  by  bequest  of  the 
late  Granville  S.  Ingraham.  The  fund  in  1893  amounts  to  $250,000.  This  will 
probably  be  increased  before  work  upon  hospital  construction  is  begun. 

Linncen  Hospital. — Formerly  known  as  "The  Maternity  Hospital." 
Located  at  1619  Diversey  ave.  It  is  now  a  public  hospital.  The  idea  of  the 
projectors  of  the  new  institution  is  to  make  of  it  a  place  where  the  poor  of 
any  nationality  can  be  treated  for  all  diseases.  The  building  is  a  five-story 
structure  and  it  has  accommodations  for  thirty-four  patients.  Formerly 
only  those  who  needed  the  advice  and  attention  of  a  midwife  were  admitted, 
biit  the  plans  have  now  been  changed. 

Maurice  Porter  Memorial  Free  Hospital.— Located  at  606  Fullerton  ave. 

Mercy  Hospital. — Located  on  Twenty-sixth  st.and  Calumet  ave.  Take 
Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line  to  twenty  sixth  st.  Conducted  by  the  Sisters 
of  Mercy.  Medical  and  surgical  attendance  by  the  faculty  of  the  Chicago 
Medical  College,  which  is  located  on  the  hospital  grounds.  The  oldest  and 
one  of  the  largest  of  existing  hospitals.  This  splendid  institution  was 
organized  in  1851. 

Michael  Reese  Hospital.— Located,  at  Twenty-ninth  st.  and  Groveland 
ave.  Take  Illinois  Central  train  to  Twenty-first  St.,  or  Cottage  Grove  ave. 
cable  line.  This  is  one  of4he  most  praiseworthy  institutions  in  the  city, 
and  is  conducted  under  the  auspices  of  the  United  Hebrew  Charities, 
which  also  has  under  its  charge  and  protection  a  training  school  for  nurses, 
a  dispensary,  a  library,  an  employment  bureau,  a  relief  society,  a  cemetery 
and  numerous  auxiliary  charities. 

National  Temperance  Hospital. —Located  at  3411  Cottage  Grove  ave. 
Take  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line.  Conducted  under  the  auspices  of  the 
National  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union. 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  323 

Presbyterian  Hospital  of  the  City  of  Chicago. — Location,  Congress  st., 
Hermitage  ave.  and  Wood  st.  The  Ogden  ave.,  Van  Buren  st.,  Harrison  and 
Washington,  and  Harrison  and  Adams  st.  cars  pass  within  a  block  of  the 
hospital.  While  this  institution  is  nominally  Presbyterian,  nevertheless  it 
is  conducted  for  the  purpose  of  "  affording  surgical  and  for  medical  aid  and 
nursing  to  sick  and  desirable  persons  of  every  creed  and  nationality  and 
color;  and  provides  them,  while  inmates  of  the  hospital,  with  the  ministra- 
tions of  the  Gospel  agreeably  to  the  doctrine  and  forms  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church."  The  hospital  building  proper  is  the  largest  and  most  handsome 
private  structure  of  its  kind  in  the  city.  Exclusive  of  employes,  it  has  a 
capacity  for  175  patients.  The  Maternity  building  contains  fifteen  beds,  and 
the  Convalescent  Home,  twenty  beds.  All  of  these  departments  are  under 
one  general  management.  A  special  ward  for  consumptives  is  now  in  oper- 
ation here.  This  is  the  only  home  for  friendless  and  helpless  consumptives 
in  the  city.  The  hospital  has  twenty-nine  permanently  endowed  beds,  and 
thirty-one  annual  free  beds. 

Provident  Hospital.— Located  at  2900  Dearborn  st.  Take  State  st.  cable 
line.  Established  by  colored  people.  The  staff  consists  of  ten  physicians, 
white  and  colored.  It  is  intended  for  the  poor  of  African  descent,  but  there 
is  no  distinction  on  account  of  race  or  color.  Those  who  can  afford  it,  pay ; 
those  who  can  not  pay  are  treated  without  money  and  without  price. 

Hallway  Brotherhood  Hospital.— Under  the  auspices  of  the  Railway 
Brotherhood  Hospital  Association.  Located  at  No.  78  N.  Ada  st.  Take  W. 
Randolph  car  or  Madison  st.  cable  line.  Conducted  by  the  engineers,  fire- 
men, conductors,  brakemen,  switchmen,  operators  and  street  railway  con- 
ductors and  drivers.  Branch  hospital,  6301  Wentworth  ave. 

St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital. — Located  at  Davis  and  Le  Moyne  sts.  Conducted 
by  the  Poor  Hand  Maids  of  Jesus  Christ. 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital.— Located  on  Garfield  ave.  and  Burling  st.,  near  N. 
Halsted  st.,  North  side.  Take  Garfield  ave.  or  N-.Halsted  st.  car.  Conducted 
by  the  Sisters  of  Charity.  The  hospital  is  fitted  with  all  the  latest  improve- 
ments for  ventilation,  heating,  etc.,  and  has  accommodations  for  300  pa- 
tients in  wards  and  private  rooms.  Of  the  latter  there  are  fifty,  tastefully 
decorated,  thoroughly  comfortable, with  the  most  approved  furnishings  and 
abundantly  supplied  with  light  and  air.  The  wards  are  also  models  of  neat- 
ness and  comfort,  and  so  carefully  have  the  interests  of  the  sick  been  pro- 
vided for  that  open  fireplaces  have  been  placed  in  each  ward.  The  building 
is  heated  by  steam.  The  schedule  of  prices  is  so  arranged  that  all  classes 
of  patients  can  be  accommodated  and  avail  themselves,  at  reasonable  rates, 
of  the  superior  advantages  of  the  hospital. 

St.  Luke's  Free  Hospital.— Located  at  1430-1434  Indiana  ave.  Founded  by 
the  Rev.  Clinton  Locke,  rector  of  Grace  (Episcopal)  Church  in  1864.  Take 
Indiana  ave.  car,  Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  The  early  history  of  this  great 
hospital  was  full  of  disappointment  and  disaster.  It  had  attained  a  health- 
ful position  when  the  great  fire  swept  it  out  of  existence.  Donations  then 
came  from  all  quarters,  and  frequent  gifts  and  bequests  have  been  contrib- 
uted toward  the  erection  of  the  present  buildings.  The  running  expenses 
are  now  over  $1 1 ,000  per  annum.  The  Johnston  Memorial  building  attached 
was  erected  in  1890.  The  hospital  turns  nobody  from  its  door.  It  is  well 
managed  and  has  a  staff  of  the  ablest  physicians  and  surgeons  in  the  city. 
A  training  school  for  nurses  is  conducted  in  connection  with  it.  Its  officers 
are  among  the  wealthiest  citizens. 

St.  Vincent's  Infant  Asylum  and  Maternity  Hospital. — Located  at  191  La 
Salle  ave.  Take  Clark  or  Wells  st.  cable  lines.  Conducted  by  the  Sisters  of 
Charity.  This  institution  is  for  the  care  of  infants  and  children  under  five 
years  of  age,  who  can  be  reclaimed  by  parents  or  friends  at  any  time,  unless 
they  abandon  them  or  desire  to  give  them  up  for  adoption.  The  building  is 
capable  of  accommodating  two  hundred  children.  Arrangements  can  also 
be  made  to  have  infants  wet-nursed.  A  portion  of  the  building  is  fitted  up 
as  a  lying-in  department  which  is  entirely  private.  Patients  can  be  accom- 
modated according  to  their  means.  In  the  wards  the  terms  range  from  $6 


324  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

to  $8,  and  in  the  private  rooms  from  $10  to  $20  per  week,  according  to  the 
room  selected. 

-  United  States  Marine  Hospital.— This  government  building  is  located  at 
Lake  View,  about  five  miles  north  of  the  harbor,  and  is  accessible  by  the 
Evanston  and  Alexandre  ave.  extensic  j  of  the  North  Clark  st.  cable  line  of 
cars,  and  by  the  C.,  M.  &  St.  P.  R.  R.,  Evanston  Division,  to  Buena  Park  sta- 
tion. It  was  opened  for  patients  November  17,  1873.  The  hospital  is  built 
of  stone,  and  is  340  feet  long;  it  has  a  basement,  and  is  three  stories  high, 
consisting  of  a  center  portion,  with  attached  wings.  It  is  an  imposing 
btiilding,  with  a  general  appearance  of  plainness  and  stability,  and  a  total 
capacity  for  150  patients. 

Wesley  Hospital.— Located  at  355-357  E.  Ohio  st.,  North  side;  take  N.  Clark 
st.  cable  line  or  North  State  st.  car;  this  is  the  Methodist  Episcopal  hospital 
of  the  city.  This  charity,  though  in  its  infancy,  is  meeting  with  very  gener- 
ous support,  particularly  from  members  of  the  Methodist  Church.  The  Chi- 
cago Training  School  for  nurses  is  in  charge  of  the  nursing  department. 
More  room  and  better  facilities  will  be  added  from  time  to  time.  The  interest 
on  $5,000  endows  a  free  bed,  and  contributions  are  welcomed  from  all  chari- 
table people. 

Woman's  Hospital. — Located  at  Rhodes  ave.  and  Thirty-second  st.,  South 
side ;  take  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable  line ;  chartered  November  16, 1882.  This 
corporation  is  a  continuance  of  "The  Woman's  Hospital  of  the  State  of 
Illinois,"  and  is  perpetual.  It  is  specially  devoted  to  the  treatment  of  the 
diseases  and  accidents  peculiar  to  women,  irrespective  of  creed,  color,  or 
condition  in  life;  to  the  clinical  instruction  of  students  of  medicine;  to  the 
practical  training  of  nurses. 

HOTELS. 

There  are  about  two  thousand  hotels  of  all  classes  in  Chicago.  To  pub- 
lish a  directory  of  them  would  be  at  the  expense  of  too  much  space.  It  is 
estimated  that  there  is  hotel  accommodation  here  for  500,000  people.  This  is 
exclusive  of  lodging  and  boarding  houses.  The  great  commercial  hotels  for 
transients  are  nearly  all  located  in  the  heart  of  the  business  center.  The 
family  hotels  are  removed  to  the  extent  of  a  street  car  ride  from  the  railroad 
depots,  retail  stores,  etc.  The  hotels  of  Chicago  are  admitted  to  be  the  finest 
in  the  world.  The  leading  hotel  structures  are  described  under  the  heading, 
'•Buildings."  Only  the  more  prominent  houses  are  noticed  here. 

Atlantic  Hotel. — Located  on  the  corner  of  VanBuren  and  Sherman  sts., 
opposite  the  Van  Buren  st.  depot,  and  in  the  Board  of  Trade  center.  A  hotel 
which,  although  not  making  any  great  pretentious  as  to  style,  has  been 
patronized  during  the  past  twenty  years  by  thousands  of  the  better  class 
of  western  merchants,  commercial  travelers  and  tourists.  It  is  most  con- 
veniently situated.  Rates  $2.00  per  day.  Cummings  Bros.,  proprietors. 

Auditorium  Hotel. — Situated  on  Michigan  ave.  and  Congress  st.  Occu- 
pies entire  eastern  half  of  the  great  Auditorium  structure.  It  is  under  the 
management  of  the  Auditorium  Hotel  company,  J.  H.  Breslin,  of  New  York, 
president;  R.  H.  Southgate,  vice-president  and  manager.  The  building 
which  it  occupies  is  the  grandest  on  the  continent  and  was  prepared  to 
meet  the  requirements  of  a  great  high-class  hotel, without  regard  to  labor  or 
expense.  Every  one  of  the  400  guest  rooms  is  finely  furnished,  while  many 
are  beautifully  decorated.  The  banquet  hall  is  without  a  peer  on  the  con- 
tinent. The  rotunda  of  the  hotel  is  in  itself  worth  a  visit  from  strangers; 
supported  by  massive  marble  columns  and  decorated  in  the  highest  style  of 
art,  with  mosaic  flooring,  rich  carvings  and  costly  fittings,  it  is  the  grandest 
hotel  office  in  the  world. 

Auditorium  Hotel  Annex  or  Congress  Hotel. — Located  directly  opposite  the 
Auditorium  Hotel,  on  the  corner  of  Congress  st.  and  Michigan  ave.  A  mag- 


326  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

niflcent  structure  connected  by  tunnel  beneath  Congress  st.  with  Audi- 
torium Hotel.    Rooms  only.     [See  "  Guide  "  and  "  Buildings."] 

Briggs  House.— Located  on  Randolph  st.  and  Fifth  ave.,  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  popular  of  the  great  hotels  of  the  city.  Rates,  $2  and  upward. 

Burke' s  European  Hotel. — Located  on  the  south  side  of  Madison  between 
La  Salle  and  Clark  sts.,  in  the  heart  of  the  business  center.  This  is  a  first- 
class  house  in  every  particular,  and  is  conducted  to  meet  the  demands  of 
the  traveling  public. 

Carolina  Hotel.— Located  N.  W.  Cor.  Rush  and  Indiana  sts.  Seven  stories. 
Cost,  $200,000.  A  high  class  family  hotel. 

Chicago  Beach  Hotel.— Location,  foot  of  Fifty-first  st.,  overlooking  Lake 
Michigan.  Warren  F.  Leland,  manager.  This  beautiful  structure  has  450 
rooms,  with  175  bath  rooms  attached.  It  is  located  on  the  lake  beach,  only 
four  blocks  from  the  site  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  (Jackson 
Park);  fifteen  minutes  ride  xo  the  heart  of  the  city,  via  Illinois  Central  R. 
R.,  with  trains  running  every  five  minutes.  It  is  furnished  throughout  in 
solid  mahogany.  Rates  (American)  $5.00  per  day.  The  building  presents  a 
handsome  exterior;  the  design  being  in  conformity  with  the  established 
architecture  of  first-class  summer-resort  hotels.  It  has  charming  grounds. 

Clifton  House.— Located  on  Monroe  st.  and  Wabash  ave.,  convenient  to 
the  retail  center,  railroad  depots,  street  car  terminals,  etc.  A  family  and 
commercial  hotel  combined.  Rates,  $2.50  to  $3  per  day.  Woodcock  &  Lor- 
ing,  proprietors. 

Columbian  Central  Hotel.— Located,  on  Sixty-second  st.  one  block  west  of 
the  central  gate  of  the  Columbian  Exposition,  at  Stony  Island  ave.  arid 
Sixty-second  st.,  is  one  of  the  most  substantial  and  most  convenient  hotels 
in  the  World's  Fair  district,  convenient  to  all  matters  of  interest  to  the 
Exposition  visitor,  within  a  few  hundred  feet  of  all  lines  of  local  travel 
between  the  center  of  the  city  and  the  World's  Fair,  and  yet  retired  in  a 
pleasant  grove  of  native  oaks,  upon  a  street  finished  with  asphalt  pavement 
and  serving  as  one  of  the  greatest  pedestrian  routes  to  the  main  portion  of 
the  Exposition.  The  hotel  is  conducted  on  the  European  plan,  having  in 
connection  the  "  Columbian  Central  Cafe,"  and  has  nearly  three  hundred 
well  finished  rooms.  Rates  $1  per  day  and  upwards.  C.  E.  Dorn  &  Co., 
proprietors. 

Commercial  Hotel. — Located  on  the  Cor.  of  Lake  and  Dearborn  sts.,  a 
hotel  for  the  accommodation  of  country  merchants  and  unpretentious  visi- 
tors. Well  managed  and  respectable.  Rates  $2  per  day  and  upwards. 

Continental  Hotel. — Located  on  Wabash  ave.  and  Madison  st.,  in  the 
business  center.  Very  popular  with  country  shoppers  and  merchant 
buyers.  Rates  moderate. 

Exhibitors'  Union  Hotels.— Location,  Stony  Island  ave.,  between  Seventy- 
first  and  Seventy-third  sts.  Constructed  as  World's  Fair  hotels,  to  be  con- 
verted into  apartment  houses  at  the  close  of  the  exposition.  Ten  buildings, 
at  a  cost  of  $25,000  each,  are  thrown  into  one.  Each  building  is  94x115  feet, 
three  stories  high.  The  structures  constitute  the  hotels  of  the  Exhibitors' 
Union.  The  rooms  of  the  various  structures  are  retained  by  some  firm  exhi- 
biting at  the  fair  or  outside  firm  or  society.  Under  this  system  the  Union 
becomes  the  headquarters  of  the  business  interests  centering  in  or 
attracted  by  the  exposition.  The  ten  buildings  contain  o^-er  1,000  rooms. 

Gault  House.—  Located  on  west  Madison  and  Clinton  sts.  The  leading 
hotel  of  the  West  side.  Very  convenient  to  Union  depot.  This  is  one  of  the 
oldest  hotels  in  the  city.  It  is  managed  admirably  and  is  popular  with  trav- 
elers and  families.  Rates  $2  and  upwards. 

Gore's  Hotel.— Located  at  266-274  S.  Clark  st.  Conducted  on  the  Ameri- 
can and  European  plans.  A  splendid  building,  handsomely  furnished  and 
centrally  located. 

Grand  Pacific  Hotel. — Located  on  La  Salle,  Jackson  and  Clark  sts.  The 
Jackson  st.  front  almost  faces  the  Board  of  Trade.  The  Clark  st.  front 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  327 

faces  the  general  post-office.  The  La  Salle  st.  front  faces  some  of  the  immense 
office  buildings  in  the  Board  of  Trade  center.  The  main  entrances  are  on 
La  Salle  and  Clark  sts.  The  ladies'  entrance  is  on  Jackson  st.  The  Grand 
Pacific  is  convenient  to  every  railroad  office  in  the  city,  the  majority  of 
\vhichareclusteredwithinadistanceofablock;  it  is  within  five  minutes' 
walk  of  every  principal  bank,  the  insurance  district,  the  great  wholesale 
district,  the  retail  store  section,  and  is  no  more  than  half  a  block  from  every 
large  grain  and  commission  house  in  Chicago. 

Great  Northern  Hotel. — Located  on  Dearborn,  between  Jackson  and 
Quincy  sts.  The  first  hotel  constructed  on  the  modern  steel  frame  principle. 
(See  "Buildings."]  A  magnificent  structure;  elegantly  furnished.  Every- 
thing first-class. 

Hotel  Brevoort. — Located  on  the  north  side  of  Madison,  between  La  Salle 
.and  Clark  sts.  This  is  one  of  the  best  known  hotels  in  the  city.  Recently 
greatly  enlarged.  It  is  popular  with  travelers  and  merchant-buyers,  being 
situated  close  to  the  wholesale  and  retail  districts.  Exclusively  Eiiropean. 

Hotel  DrexeL— Located  at  3956  Drexel  blvd.  (entrance  to  Washington 
Park).  A  family  hotel  of  high  standing.  Its  situation  is  healthful  and 
beautiful. 

Hotel  Endeavor.— Located  near  World's  Fair  grounds.  Four  stories  high, 
covering  an  area  of  200x170  feet.  Constructed  after  the  manner  of  World's 
Fair  buildings.  Assembly  hall  accommodates  1,500  people.  Capacity  of 
hotel  2,000  per  day.  Terms  to  members  of  association,  $1  per  day. 

Hotel  Grace.— Located,  on  Clark  and  Jackson  sts.,  opposite  the  post-office. 
Conducted  on  the  European  plan.  A  splendidly  furnished  high-class  house. 

Hotel  Thompson. — Formerly  the  Fuller  Block,  on  the  west  side  of  Dear- 
born st.  just  south  of  Madison  st:  refitted  and  furnished  as  a  World's  Fair 
Hotel. 

Hotel  Wellington. — Located  on  Wabash  ave.  and  Jackson  st.  This  hotel 
is  magnificently  arranged,  decorated  and  furnished  in  the  highest  style  of 
art.  It  is  conducted  on  the  European  plan,  for  the  very  highest  class  of 
patrons,  those  who  are  willing  to  pay  for  the  best  of  everything.  The  rates 
at  this  hotel  vary  from  $2  per  day  upward.  Suites  with  baths  from  $3.50 
upwai'd.  On  the  parlor  floor  great  attention  is  paid  to  fine  private  party 
and  banquet  rooms. 

Hotel  Woodruff.— Located  on  Wabash  ave.  and  Twenty -first  st.  This  is 
a  first-class  and  almost  an  exclusive  family  hotel.  It  is  beautifully  situated 
and  well  managed.  The  hotel  has  100  rooms.  Rates  $3  to  $4  per  day. 

Hyde  Park  Hotel.— Located,  at  Lake  ave.  and  Fifty-first  st.  An  elegant 
family  hotel,  convenient  to  the  South  parks.  One  of  the  largest  hotels  in 
the  city. 

King  Alfonso  Hotel. — Located  on  Sixty-third  st.  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Elevated  Railway  at  the  World's  Fair  grounds.  An  hotel  on  the  European 
plan,  to  accommodate  the  traveling  public  and  especially  World's  Fair  vis- 
itors, for  whom  none  other  is  more  desirably  located.  It  stands  about  two 
hundred  feet  from  the  Fair  grounds  and  about  one  block  from  two  princi- 
pal entrances.  A  first-class  restaurant  is  in  connection  with  this  house. 
Rates,  $1  to  $2  per  day  for  lodgings.  Can  accommodate  300  people.  C.  E. 
Dorn&  Co.,  proprietors. 

Lakota  Hotel.— Location,  Thirtieth  st.  Cor.  Michigan  ave.  A  beautiful 
structure,  ten  stories  high.  Cost  $750,000.  [Under  the  heading  "Buildings," 
the  buildingof  this  hotel  is  referred  to  as  the  "Dakota,"  which  is  a  mistake. 
The  proper  name  is  "  Lakota."] 

Leland  Hotel. — Location,  Cor.  Michigan  blvd.  and  Jackson  st.,  Lake 
front,  facing  the  site  of  a  portion  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition. 
For  many  years  this  was  known  as  the  Gai-dner  House.  Its  location  is 
charming,  on  one  of  the  finest  boulevards  in  the  city,  overlooking  the  majes- 
tic Lake  Michigan  and  yet  being  within  easy  access  of  the  entire  business 
section,  the  railroad  depots,  street  car  terminals,  retail  stores,  theatres, 


328  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

etc.  The  Leland  has  superior  accommodations  for  families  and  gentlemen, 
with  a  table  of  peculiar  excellence. 

Lexington  Hotel.— Location,  Twenty  -  second  st.  and  Michigan  ave. 
One  of  the  most  elegant  semi-private  family  hotels  in  the  world.  [For  full 
description  see  "Buildings."] 

Marquette  Hotel.— Location,  N.  W.  Cor.  Adams  and  Dearborn  sts.  [See 
"Honore  Block,"  "  Guide."] 

McCoy's  European  Hotel. — Location,  Cor.  Clark  and  Van  Buren  Sts.  A 
first-class  hotel  conducted  on  the  European  plan. 

Montreal,  The.— Located  on  Madison  ave.,  between  Sixty-second  and 
Sixty-third  sts.  An  elegant  four-story  brick  and  stone  structure,  fronting 
toward  the  World's  Fair,  which  is  only  two  blocks  distant.  The  Madison 
ave.  station  of  the  Alley  L  railway,  and  the  Woodlawn  station  of  the  Illinois 
Central  R.  R.,  and  two  lines  of  electric  street  cars,  are  all  within  a  few  hun- 
dred feet,  making  this,  in  point  of  convenience,  one  of  the  best  locations  for 
World's  Fair  visitors.  Rates  from  $1  per  day  upward.  European  plan; 
accommodations  for  400  guests.  C.  E.  Dorn  &Co.,  proprietors. 

Mosher  Hotel.— "Location,  N.  W.  Cor.  Twenty-eighth  st.  and  Wabash  ave. 
A  beautiful  private  hotel ;  building  cost  $250,000.  Elegantly  furnished. 

Palmer  Hiuse.—  Located  on  the  S.  E.  Cor.  State  and  Monroe  sts.,  in  the 
heart  of  the  city,  with  a  frontage  on  State  st.,  Monroe  st.  and  Wabash  ave. 
Main  entrance  on  State  st. ;  ladies'  entrance  on  Monroe  st.  The  building 
occupies  about  one-half  of  the  entire  block.  It  covers  an  area  of  76,550  square 
feet;  is  nine  stories  in  height,  has  708  rooms  and  accommodates  usually 
from  1,000  to  2,400  guests.  The  grand  rotunda  of  the  hotel  is  61  feet  wide,  106 
feet  long  and  36  feet  in  height.  The  dining  room  is  one  of  the  most  elegant 
in  Chicago.  The  parlors  and  waiting  rooms  are  superbly  furnished.  The 
entire  furnishings  and  fittings  of  the  house  are  of  the  first  order.  The  Palmer 
House  is  conducted  on  the  European  plan.  The  charges  are  regulated 
entirely  by  the  accommodations  required. 

Richelieu  Hotel. — Located  on  Michigan  ave.  blvd.,  between  Jackson  and 
Van  Buren  sts.  A  hotel  conducted  upon  the  European  plan  and  is  strictly 
first-class  in  every  respect;  has  a  large  patronage  from  European  travelers. 
It  is  elegantly  furnished  and  has  more  the  appearance  of  an  elegant  home 
than  a  hotel. 

Saratoga  Hotel.— Located  at  155, 157, 159  and  161  Dearborn  st.,  in  the  heart 
of  the  business  section,  This  hotel  is  conducted  on  the  "  European  plan," 
that  is,  guests  pay  only  for  rooms  they  occupy  and  such  meals  as  they  may 
require,  or  may  take  their  meals  elsewhere.  Rates  75  cents  per  day  and 
upward. 

Schiller  Hotel.— Front  of  Schiller  theatre,  Randolph,  near  Clark  st. 
Beautifully  fitted  up;  rooms  in  tower. 

Sherman  House. — Located  at  the  N.  W.  Cor.  Clark  and  Randolph  sts.,  op- 
posite the  north  entrance  to  the  Court  House.  This  is  a  land  mark  and  one 
of  the  historic  structures  of  the  city,  marking  as  it  does  a  site  which  has 
been  familiar  to  Chicagoans  from  the  earliest  settlement  of  the  place.  It  is 
a  first-class  hotel,  strictly  fire-proof,  well  managed,  and  conducted  with  a 
view  of  making  its  guests  comfortable  at  any  expense. 

Southern  Hotel. — Located  on  Wabash  ave.  and  Twenty-second  st.  A  first" 
class  family  hotel,  well  furnished  and  equipped. 

Tremont  House.— Thin  is  one  of  the  first  hotels  rebuilt  after  the  '71  fire, 
and  is  considered  one  of  the  very  best.  Location,  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Lake. 

Victoria  Hotel. — Location,  Michigan  ave.  and  Van  Buren  st.,  overlooking 
the  beautiful  lake  front.  A  first-class  hotel,  thoroughly  equipped  with  all 
modern  improvements.  Two  lumdred  and  sixty  guest  chambers. 

Virginia  Hotel.— Located,  at  78  Rush  st.,  North  side.  One  of  the  largest 
and  most  beautiful  private  and  family  hotels  in  the  world.  The  building  is 


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330  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

a  splendid  specimen  of  modern  hotel  architecture.  This  is  a  high-class 
house  in  every  sense. 

Western  Reserve  Hotel.—  Located  on  Wharton  ave.,  between  Sixty-third 
and  Sixty-fourth  sts.,  six  blocks  west  of  the  main  portion  of  the  World's 
Fair  and  three  blocks  south  of  the  Midway  Plaisance  portion.  A  handsome 
three-story  brick  structure,  new  and  modern,  delightfully  located  on  high 
ridge  ground  and  in  a  quiet  retired  neighborhood,  within  short  walking  dis- 
tance of  the  World's  Fair  and  all  local  lines  of  transportation,  conducted  on 
the  European  plan  to  meet  the  demands  of  World's  Fair  visitors.  Rates  $1 
per  day.  C.  E.  Dorn  &  Co.,  proprietors. 

World's  fair  Hotels. — Immense  and  numerous  hotels  are  to  be  found  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  World's  Fair.  These  are  operated  for  the  most  part  on 
the  association  plan,  although  transients  are  accommodated,  the  average 
rates  being  $2  per  day  for  rooms.  Only  a  few  of  these  are  mentioned  here. 

KEELEY  INSTITUTE,  THE. 

Location  of  parent  house,  Dwight,  111.,  seventy-two  miles  southwest  of 
Chicago.  The  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad— including  the  entire  system  from 
Chicago,  St.  Louis  and  Kansas  City— reach  Dwight.  Pullman  sleepers  on 
all  through  trains.  Chair  cars  free.  The  Alton  company  and  employes  pay 
special  attention  to  patients  destined  for  Dwight,  and  will  see  to  their 
safety  and  comfort.  The  Indiana,  Illinois  and  Iowa  railroad,  better  known 
as  the  "3  I's,"  connects  Knox,  Ind.,  with  Streator,  111.,  and  forms  a  direct 
east  and  west  route  to  Dwight.  This  stands  alone  among  the  institutions 
of  Illinois.  It  is  something  so  original,  so  novel,  so  unique,  that  the  com- 
piler has  found  it  impossible  to  place  it  under  any  established  classifica- 
tion. It  must  be  treated  in  i-elief.  It  is  not  a  hospital.  It  is  not  an  asylum. 
It  is  not  a  sanitarium.  It  is  not  a  reformatory.  It  is  all  of  these  in  one,  and 
yet  it  differs  from  them  in  so  many  essential  points  that  it  must  not  be  con- 
sidered as  of  their  class,  nor  in  connection  with  them. 

DR.  KEELEY'S  DISCOVERY. — The  discovery  of  a  new  principle  in  medical 
science,  made  by  Leslie  E.  F.aeley,  M.D.,  L.L.D.,  a  physician  and  surgeon 
of  Dwight,  111.,  began  to  attract  attention  about  the  year  1880.  Dr.  Keeley 
was  a  modest,  studious  practitioner,  who  for  many  years  of  his  life  had 
entertained  and  nurtured  a  belief  that  the  victims  of  habits  which  required 
or  demanded  the  constant  or  periodical  use  of  alcohol  or  drugs,  were,  as  a 
matter  of  fact,  diseased,  and  that  the  disease  was  not  incurable.  He  had 
been  a  surgeon  in  the  United  States  Army  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion, 
and  had  every  opportunity  while  in  this  service  of  investigating  and  noting, 
by  comparison  and  analogy,  the  action  of  drug  and  alcoholic  poisons  upon 
the  human  system.  To  his  mind  it  became  clear  as  day  that  the  slave  to 
morphine  or  to  whisky  was  poisoned.  What  had  been  a  mere  habit  at  the  out- 
set became  a  confirmed  disease.  To  his  mind  it  was  equally  clear  ihat  if  the 
poison  could  be  wholly  elminated  from  the  tissue  cells  of  the  human  sys- 
tem, and  the  nervous  system  restored  to  its  normal  or  natural  condition, 
the  craving  for  morphine  or  whisky  would  cease.  The  question  was,  What 
remedy  should  be  employed  that  could  be  safely  used  under  all  the  varying 
conditions  of  these  habitues?  What  combinations  would  best  meet  the 
indications  presented  by  this  vast  army  needing  medical  treatment?  It  was 
not  a  question  of  remedies,  for  the  drugs  and  poisons  known  to  scientists 
and  the  medical  profession  were  familiar  in  name  and  action.  The  best 
years  of  Dr.  Keeley's  life  were  devoted  to  producing  a  combined  remedy,  not 
only  antidoting  and  eliminating  these  poisons,  but  also  possessing  recon- 
structive nerve  tonic  properties,  so  that  these  poison-impressed  tissue  cells 
would  be  restored  to  their  normal  condition,  rendering  them  so  stable  that 
in  the  future  there  would  be  no  necessity  or  desire  for  a  renewal  of  the 


poison.  With  the  Chloride  of  Gold  and  Sodium  as  a  basis,  he  formulated 
the  Double  Chloride  of  Gold  remedies,  which,  after  a  test  of  fourteen  years, 
have  proven  not  only  specific  in  the  cure  of  inebriety,  morphinism,  etc.,  etc., 
but  also  to  be  absolutely  free  from  danger  to  either  life  or  health.  And  this 
is  his  discovery.  He  is  not,  therefoi'e,  the  mere  compounder  of  a  patent 
medicine.  He  is  a  discoverer  of  a  new  principle  in  medical  science,  and 
as  such  should  rank  with  Harvey,  Jenner,  Koch  and  Pasteur.  His  dis- 
covery would  have  been  a  useless  one  had  he  not  turned  it  to  practical 
account.  His  knowledge  of  chemistry  and  pharmacy  taught  him  how  best 
to  utilize  his  discovery.  He  must  not  only  destroy  the  poison  lurking  in  the 
minute  tissue  cells,  but  he  must  build  up  the  enfranchised  human  system, 
and  hence  the  antidote  and  eliminent  are  combined  in  connection  with  a 
powerful  tonic.  The  whole  constitutes  what  has  come  to  be  familiarly 
known  to  the  public  as  the  Double  Chloride  of  Gold  remedy.  All  things 
must  have  names,  particularly  if  they  are  to  be  protected  by  letters  patent 
or  copyright.  In  commerce,  at  least,  the  name  of  a  thing  is  as  important 
as  the  thing  itself,  if  it  is  to  be  distinguished  as  an  entity.  The  name 
"  Double  Chloride  of  Gold  "  may  mean  anything  or  it  may  mean  nothing  so 
far  as  the  remedy  is  concerned.  It  is  simply  a  distinguishing  title,  as  qui- 
nine, or  sulphonal,  -or  potassium,  or  1'ose-water,  are  distinguishing  titles 
given  to  them  so  that  when  we  want  any  one  of  them  we  may  know  what  to 
ask  for.  Dr.  Keeley's  discovery  has  been  kept  a  secret.  It  will  probably 
always  remain  a  secret  in  the  keeping  of  the  corporation  which  owns  it. 
And  it  is  right  that  it  should  be  kept  hidden  from  the  world.  If  it  were  a 
mere  patent  medicine,  a  mere  mixture  of  roots  and  herbs,  or  of  drugs,  and 
the  exact  proportions  to  be  used  could  be  given,  it  might  perhaps  be  made 
public  with  safety,  as  the  recipes  for  cholera-morbus  or  cough  remedies 
are  made  public.  But  it  is  something  entirely  different.  It  is  the  discovery 
of  a  secret,  which,  if  exposed,  would  surely  result,  not  only  in  doing  incal- 
culable mischief  in  the  hands  of  ignorant  or  unscrupulous  persons,  but  in 
destroying  the  influence  and  good  name  of  a  remedy  that  has  already  cured 
over  one  hundred  thousand  victims  of  the  morphine,  opium  and  liquor 
habits. 

FRAUDULENT  IMITATIONS.— As  an  evidence  of  the  fact  that  the  secret  of 
Dr.  Keeley's  discovery,  if  made  public,  would  result  in  harm,  it  is  only  neces- 
sary to  point  out  how  such  a  trifling  thing  as  the  adoption  of  a  name  for  an 
association  of  gentlemen,  graduates  of  the  Keeley  Institute,  resulted  in  giv- 
ing to  unscrupulous  quacks  and  medical  confidence  men  the  opportunity  of 
imposing  upon  the  public.  In  the  spring  of  1891,  the  patients  then  at  Dwight 
undertook  to  organize  themselves  into  a  club  for  social  and  benevolent  pur- 
poses. The  question  of  giving  the  club  a  name  arose,  and  it  was  thought 
best  that  the  name  should  be  such  as  would  identify  the  organization 
closely  with  Dr.  Keeley's  remedies.  The  patients  then  at  Dwight,  were  as  a 
rule,  cultured  and  scholarly  gentlemen,  most  of  whom  possessed  an  ear  for 
euphony.  When  it  was  proposed  to  call  it  the  "  Double  Chloride  of  Gold 
Club"  the  title  grated  harshly  upon  their  ears.  One  of  the  gentlemen 
suggested  as  an  improvement,  the  title  "Bi-Chloride  of  Gold  Club,"  and  this 
term  was  thoughtlessly  adopted.  The  club  grew  rapidly  and  spread  into 
other  cities  and  into  othgr  states.  It  became  a  famous  organization.  In  a 
little  while  the  title  of  the  club  became  confused  with  the  name  of  Dr. 
Keeley's  "Double  Chloride  of  Gold"  remedies.  The  term  "  Double  Chloride  of 
Gold  "  was  protected  by  letters  patent.  The  term  "  Bi-Chloride  of  Gold"  was 
not.  The  quacks,  charlatans  and  unscrupulous  speculators  in  human  misery 
caught  upon  the  term  -;  Bi-Chloride  of  Gold,"  and  soon  "Bi-Chloride  of 
Gold  Institutes"  began  to  appear  in  every  section  of  the  country.  The 
very  fact  that  this  name  was  selected  proved  these  institutes  to  be  frauds 
and  the  men  who  were  responsible  for  them  to  be  quacks,  for  there  is  no 
such  thing  as  "  Bi-Chloride  of  Gold."  It  is  a  chemical  impossibility.  Many 
Americans,  as  well  as  foreign  physicians  of  standing, who  were  unacquainted 
with  the  facts,  also  became  confused  in  their  minds  with  regard  to  the  name 
given  by  Dr.  Keeley  to  his  remedies,  and  the  result  was  that  various  medical 
societies,  at  home  and  abroad,  denounced  Dr.  Keeley  because  he  had  given 
to  his  remedies  a  name  which  meant  nothing.  This  false  impression  was 


33$  (illDK   TO  CHICAGO. 

soon  removed  by  simple  statements  of  the  circumstances  on  the  part  of  Dr". 
Keeley  and  of  Dr.  Keeley's  disciples  and  friends.  But  the  fraudulent  "Bi- 
Chloride  of  Gold  "  Institutes  continued  to  exist  and  to  increase.  The  com- 
piler of  this  work  assumes  the  responsibility  here  of  making  the  assertion 
that  any  concern  in  existence  calling  itself  a  "  Bi-Chloride  of  Gold  "  Insti- 
tute is  a  humbug,  and  that  those  who  are  at  the  head  of  it  are  knowingly 
imposing  upon  the  credulity  of  the  public.  There  is  not  and  never  has  been 
any  such  thing  as  "Bi-Chloride  of  Gold."  Dr.  Keeley's  " Double  Chloride 
of  Gold  "  remedies  are  prepared  exclusively  in  the  laboratory  at  Dwight, 
Illinois,  and  are  only  administered  at  Dwight  and  in  the  authorized  branch 
Keeley  institutes,  which  are  to  be  found  in  every  state  and  territory  of  the 
Union,  and  in  many  foreign  countries.  And  the  compiler  takes  occasion 
here  to  warn  not  only  the  American  public,  but  all  strangers  who  may  visit 
the  United  States  during  the  present  year,  against  these  fraudulent  institu- 
tions. There  is  but  one  known  cure  for  drunkenness  or  the  morphine  or  opium 
habits.  That  cure  is  the  result  of  Dr.  Leslie  E.  Keeley's  discovery,  and  is  the 
property  of  the  Leslie  E.  Keeley  Company,  of  Dwight,  Illinois. 

The  Remedies.— The  Keeley  remedies  are  all  compounded  on  the  same 
principle — the  destruction  of  poison  in  the  blood  and  the  rebuilding  of  the 
diseased  or  shattered  nervous  system — but  they  vary  in  special  properties 
as  well  as  in  strength,  so  that  those  i-emedies  prepared  for  the  morphine  or 
opium  habituate  are  different  from  those  administered  to  the  drunkard. 
The  suffei'er  from  neurasthenia  or  nerve  exhaustion  is  treated  with  a 
remedy  which  differs  in  essential  particulars  from  all  the  others — a  mag- 
nificent tonic  known  as  gold  neurotine,  two  bottles  of  which,  it  has  been 
demonstrated,  are  equal,  in  restorative  power,  to  three  months  in  the 
mountains  or  a  summer  at  the  seaside. 

Bequeathed  from  Sire  to  Son. — From  Opie  P.  Reed,  journalist,  novelist 
and  wit :  "  For  many  years  Dr.  Keeley  was  a  general  practitioner  at  Dwight, 
and  was  the  first  regularly-engaged  railroad  surgeon  in  the  United  States, 
having  been  tendered  the  position  by  the  Chicago  &  Alton  twenty  years  ago. 
He  grew  up  with  the  idea  that  drunkenness  was  a  disease  and  that  it  could  be 
cured;  indeed,  this  idea  was  an  inheritance.  His  grandfather,  an  Irish 
gentleman  and  a  fine  physician,  held  the  same  belief,  and  spent  much  of 
his  life  in  the  study  of  the  subject,  but  without  discovering  a  sure  remedy. 
Years  afterwards  his  son,  also  a  physician,  continued  the  investigation,but, 
after  a  long  life,  died  without  having  made  the  discovery  which  his  father 
had  so  earnestly  sought.  The  present  Dr.  Keeley  experimented  for  many 
years  in  the  East  where  he  was  born,  and  in  the  West  at  Dwight;  indeed, 
during  the  war,  while  he  was  surgeon  in  the  Union  army,  he  kept  up  his 
birth-seated  habit  of  studying  drunkenness  and  its  possible  cure.  One 
night  about  fourteen  years  ago  the  student  walked  forth  from  his  laboratory. 
Dwight  was  asleep;  the  late  trains  had  passed;  a  quiet  joy  filled  the  stu- 
dent's heart.  Why?  He  was  satisfied  that  the  long-sought  remedy  had 
been  found.  A  strong  test  was  not  long  wanting.  Shortly  afterward  Dr. 
Keeley  was  summoned  to  attend  an  old  man  who  had  attempted  to  commit 
suicide.  He  was  the  village  drunkard.  The  doctor  saved  his  life  and  then 
applied  his  discovery.  The  old  man  lived  many  "years,  but  never  took 
another  drink  of  liquor." 

Diseases  Treated.— While  by  far  the  great  majority  of  patients  at  Dwight 
and  its  branches  are  treated  for  alcoholism  or  drunkenness,  great  numbers 
of  victims  of  narcotics,  such  as  opium,  morphine,  chloral,  etc.,  and 
tobacco,  may  also  be  found  there,  as  well  as  sufferers  from  nervous  dis- 
eases not  superinduced  by  the  use  of  alcohol,  drugs  or  tobacco.  The  success 
achieved  by  Dr.  Keeley  in  his  ti'eatment  of  drunkenness  has  to  a  great 
extent  overshadowed  his  equally  successful  treatment  of  those  addicted  to 
other  and  more  pernicious  habits.  This  is  naturally  so  for  the  reason  that 
the  disease  of  alcoholism  is  so  much  more  widespread  and  so  much  more 
prominent  in  the  eyes  of  the  public.  Dr.  Keeley  looks  upon  the  cigarette 
habit  as  being  the  most  pernicious  he  has  to  deal  with.  Because  of  the 
apparent  innocence  of  the  habit  it  works  a  more  complete  ruin  than  any  of 
the  others  to  the  nervous  system  of  its  victims.  It  is  the  Only  habit  he  is 


334  OUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

occasionally  led  to  denounce  positively  as  a  vice.  There  are  issued  by  The* 
Leslie  E.  Keeley  Company  a  number  of  valuable  pamphlets  treating  of  the 
morphine  and  opium  habit,  in  all  its  various  phases  and  degrees,  of  the 
tobacco  habit,  the  cigarette  habit,  and  of  neurasthenia,  or  nerve  exhaustion, 
with  information  of  vast  importance  to  sufferers.  These  will  be  sent  free 
to  any  person  applying  for  them  at  The  Keeley  Institute,  Dwight,  or  at  any 
of  its  brancheR,  or  they  will  be  furnished  together  with  any  other  informa- 
tion desired  by  any  graduate  of  any  of  The  Keeley  Institutes,  every  one  of 
whom  considers  himself  an  agent  of  the  Company  to  the  extent  of  spreading 
the  light  of  Dr.  Keeley's  discoveries  so  that  all  mankind  may  be  benefited 
by  it.  No  letter  is  ever  left  unanswered  at  The  Keeley  Institute,  and  no 
question  is  considered  too  troublesome  to  be  answered  by  the  staff  of  physi- 
cians in  charge. 

What  the  Treatment  Does.— There  is  no  claim  by  Dr.  Keeley  or  any  of 
his  patients,  present  or  past,  that  his  treatment  will  prevent  drinking.  I1 
will  not  drag  a  man  out  of  a  saloen  by  the  heels.  In  many  cases  there  is  a 
positive  distaste  for  liquor.  "In  others  there  is  not.  All  that  is  claimed  is 
that  the  taste  for  alcohol  is  destroyed.  The  craving  is  gone.  If,  without 
any  craving,  a  man  desires  to  contract  the  habit  again,  he  can  do  so,  al- 
though in  the  majority  of  cases  repeated  trials  are  necessary  before  the 
stomach  will  retain  a  di-ink  of  whisky.  The  man  is  placed  where  he  was 
before  he  learned  to  drink.  If  he  disregards  the  lesson  of  the  past,  and  if 
the  sorrow  and  misery  of  his  years  of  drunkenness  have  made  no  impres- 
sion upon  him,  he  can  again  become  a  drunkard,  but  he  can  never  again 
be  enrolled  among  the  list  of  Dr.  Keeley's  patients,  for  there  is  no  use  of 
curing  a  man  who  will  not  profit  by  experience.  In  the  case  of  95  per  cent, 
of  the  persons  who  leave  Dwight,  the  cure  is  permanent.  The  other  5  per 
cent,  is  made  up  chiefly,  if  not  exclusively,  of  fools  who  cannot  be  tauglit, 
and  of  very  young  men  who  have  not  suffered  enough  to  learn  the  lesson 
that  they  cannot  play  with  fire  without  being  burned. 

Government  Recognition. — The  United  States  Government  recognizes  the 
Keeley  Treatment  and  has  authorized  the  use  of  the  Keeley  remedies  in 
twenty-eight  National  and  State  Soldiers1  and  Sailors'  Homes.  The  Board 
of  Managers  of  these  institutes  is  composed  as  follows:  The  President  of 
the  United  States,  the  Chief  Justice,  the  Secretary  of  War—ex-ojficios;  Gen. 
William  B.  Franklin,  president  of  the  board:  Gen.  William  J.  Sewell,  first 
vice-president;  Gen.  John  C.  Black,  second  vice-president;  Gen.  Martin  T. 
Mc-Mahon,  secretary;  Col.  John  L.  Mitchell,  Maj.  Edmund  Morrill,  Gen, 
George  Bonebrake,  Gen.  Alfred  L.  Pearson,  Gen.  James  Barnett,  Gen. 
Francis  Fessenden  and  Gen.  George  W.  Steele. 

Information  for  the  Interested. — The  Leslie  E.  Keeley  Company  has  pre- 
pared the  following  necessary  information  for  those  who  are  interested  in 
the  Double  Chloride  of  Gold  remedies.  It  should  be  read  carefully : 

We  are  called  upon  in  hundreds  of  letters,  which  daily  come  to  this 
office,  to  answer  questions  regarding  our  treatment,  methods,  general 
expenses  and  usual  time  necessary  for  a  complete  and  thorough  cure  of  the 
liquor  habit;  and  finding  it  impossible  to  spare  time  for  each  letter  in 
detail,  we  embody  the  necessary  information  in  this  genei'al  letter  to  meet 
&uch  inquiries  and  thus  insure  more  prompt  knowledge  ou  the  subject. 

FIRST,  Dr.  Keeley  has  been  in  this  SPECIAL  department  of  medicine 
fourteen  years,  during  which  time  he  has  saved  more  fathers,  sons,  hus- 
bands and  brothers,  than  have  all  other  means  to  the  same  end  since  the 
beginning  of  the  century. 

SECOND,  we  are  constantly  crowded  with  patients  from  every  state  and 
territory  in  the  Union,  here  for  a  cure  of  the  Liquor  disease,  who  come  arid 
go  with  unvarying  regularity  every  THREE  TO  FOUR  WEEKS.  They  are  from 
every  walk  in  life,  from  the  capitalist  to  the  mechanic.  We  have  no  sani- 
tarium buildings,  no  behind  "stone  walls"  or  ''iron  bars"  for  patients. 
Our  system  does  not  require  them.  Patients  coming  to  Dwight  go  to  good, 
comfortable  hotels  or  boarding  houses,  take  their  remedy  there  EVERY  TWO 
HOURS  while  awake,  and  report  at  the  general  office  FOUR  TIMES  DAILY,  AT 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  335 

gfATED    INTERVALS,    FOR    AUXILIARY    TREATMENT— this    as    a     part     Of     their 

exercise. 

THIRD,  the  time  here  is  three  to  four  weeks,  and  in  that  time  Dr.  Keeley 
will  do  more  for  a  liquor  habitue  than  can  be  done  for  him  elsewhere  on  the 
face  of  the  globe  in  as  many  years — he  will  give  him  a  cure — a  cure  that  will 
come  to  him  like  a  benediction  from  God,  without  aid  or  effort  on  his  part, 
and  come  to  stay.  Dr.  Keeley  does  not  hesitate  to  give  every  liquor  hab- 
itue coming  here  all  the  liquor  necessary  until  he  drops  it  of  his  own  voli- 
tion, which  is  usually  in  from  36  to  48  hours  after  commencing  TREATMENT. 
He  then  drops  it,  never  to  take  it  up  again  while  life  lasts,  as  never  again  is 
it  a  necessity  or  a  temptation. 

We  have  but  one  price  to  all  comers,  namely,  $25.00  a  week  for  REMEDY 
and  TREATMENT  ;  board  is  extra,  and  costs  from  $5  to  $21  per  week,  accord- 
ing to  inclination  and  purse. 

In  all  Remedy  sent  out  for  HOME  TREATMENT  we  embody  a  limited 
amount  of  the  SUPPORT  SOLUTION  heretofore  mentioned  as  AUXILIARY  TREAT- 
MENT in  the  menstrum  of  the  Remedy.  In  this  manner  we  try  to  give  as 
nearly  as  possible  Treatment  identical  with  that  at  Dwight. 

We  are  always  anxious  to  make  a  cure  in  every  case  to  which  the  Rem- 
edy is  sent,  and  to  do  this  we  urge  constant  and  accurate  REPORTS  sent  in 
every  THIRD  day.  These  reports  are  answered  by  a  personal  letter  of 
advice  and  instruction,  and  through  this  method  we  take  charge  of  each 
case  from  beginning  to  finish,  and  thus  protect  the  Cure.  We  always 
enclose  a  Report-blank  to  those  desiring  HOME  TREATMENT.  This,  filled  out 
accurately,  enables  iis  to  gold-grade  Remedy  to  meet,  as  nearly  as  possible, 
the  conditions  so  given,  and  to  secure  best  results. 

We  counsel  no  liquor  given  in  HOME  TREATMENT  unless  to  absolutely 
support  and  sustain.  Then  only  in  small  quantities  and  at  long  intervals. 
When  the  Remedy  takes  full  hold  upon  the  system  the  patient  will  not  want 
liquor. 

The  price  of  the  Remedy  for  home  treatment  is  $9  per  pair,  and  being 
liquid  must  be  sent  by  express.  Cash  with  the  order  will  save  return 
express  charges,  otherwise  shipments  are  made  C.  O.  D. 

The  Ladies'  Home. — For  the  exclusive  comfort  and  convenience  of  lady 
patients  a  commodious  residence  has  been  built  and  equipped  with  all  mod- 
ern improvements,  including  steam  heat,  electric  lights,  baths,  etc.  Here 
ladies  can  enjoy  home  seclusion  and  privacy,  free  from  any  unpleasant 
associations,  with  the  institute  treatment  conducted  under  the  special  care 
of  attending  physicians. 

Keeley  Institute,  Parent  House.— Located  at  Dwight,  111.  This  institute  is 
under  the  immediate  supervision  of  Leslie  E.  Keeley,  M.  D.,  L.L.D..  discov- 
erei*  of  the  Keeley  remedies.  This  is~  the  center  from  which  all  branch 
institutes  derive  their  authority,  receive  their  supplies  and  obtain  their 
medical  directors.  Connected  with  the  present  institute  is  the  laboratory  of 
the  company,  in  charge  of  Prof.  John  R.  Oughton,  and  the  business  depart- 
ment of  the  company  in  charge  of  Major  Curtis  J.  Judd.  The  medical  depart- 
ment is  in  charge  of  Dr.  J.  E.  Elaine,  who  ranks  as  chief  of  staff.  His 
assistants  are  all  regularly-graduated  physicians  and  men  of  high  standing 
in  the  profession,  some  of  them  being  specialists  of  established  reputation. 
The  attendance  of  patients  here  is  always  much  larger  than  at  any  of  the 
branches,  frequently  reaching  upward  of  1,000,  although  the  treatment 
received  is  precisely  the  same  at  all  Keeley  institutes.  All  physicians  placed 
in  charge  of  branches  receive  their  training  here.  They  are  not  permitted 
to  administer  the  remedies  until  they  shall  have  first  thoi'oughly  familiar- 
ized themselves  with  the  peculiar  methods  pursued  under  Dr.  Keeley's  sys- 
tem, with  the  use  of  the  needle  and  with  the  various  phases  of  f he  different 
diseases  arising  from  the  use  of  alcohol  and  narcotics.  The  buildings  which 
compose  The  Keeley  Institute,  at  Dwight,  consist  of  a  beautiful  structure, 
known  as  the  "Laboratory,"  in  which  the  general  accounting  rooms  and 
offices  of  the  physicians  are  located;  the  treatment  hall;  the  Livingston 


S36  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

hotel ;  a  sanitarium  for  women ;  a  home  for  attendants,  where  bad  cases  are 
first  lodged;  The  Keeley  League  Club  apartments,  and  various  buildings 
scattered  thi-oughout  the  village.  The  Livington  occupies  the  site  of  Dr. 
Keeley's  old  office,  where  he  toiled  along  for  over  twelve  years,  unrecognized 
by  his  profession,  arid  almost  unknown  to  the  world.  The  laboratory  build- 
ing contains  the  following  departments:  Laboratory  for  the  dispensing  of 
the  general  line  of  medicines  used  in  this  treatment;  offices  for  the 
clerical  purposes  necessary  for  so  large  a  business;  also  for  the  use  of 
the  lady  stenographers,  of  which  they  have  to  employ  at  present  fifteen, 
besides  bookkeepers,  clerks,  etc.  The  Treatment  hall  is  removed  from 
'his  structure,  and  convenient  to  the  club  rooms,  where  patients  lounge 
and  amuse  themselves.  Here,  at  the  proper  hours  [see  Rules  and  Regula- 
tions], the  patients  form  into  lines  for  treatment.  An  illustration  of  the 
method  pursued  is  given  in  this  work.  This  shows  Dr.  Keeley  in  the  fore- 
ground, noting  the  condition  of  patients  as  they  pass  from  the  hands 
of  the  operating  physicians.  The  four  daily  hypodermic  injections  are 
given  in  the  left  arm,  a  slit  being  made  in  the  shirt  sleeves  of  the 
patients,  as  a  rule,  although  many  prefer  to  roll  the  sleeve  up  to  the 
shoulder.  At  each  operating  table  there  are  two  physicians,  one  to 
use  the  needle,  the  other  to  see  that  patients  are  provided  with 
remedies  for  minor  indispositions.  The  former  observes  closely  the 
pupils  of  the  eyes  of  eyery  patient  as  he  approaches,  and  regu- 
lates the  injection  accordingly.  A  third  physician  stands  in  the  rear 
of  these  (in  the  position  of  Dr.  Keeley  as  shown  in  the  engraving)  who  takes 
each  patient  by  the  wrist  after  treatment,  as  he  passes  out,  to  note  the 
temperature  of  the  body,  condition  of  skin,  dilation  of  pupil,  etc.,  and  also 
enquires  regarding  the  general  health  of  the  subject.  One  line  is>  usually 
reserved  for  new  patients,  and  the  physician  who  is  detailed  to  attend  to 
the  duty  last  named,  in  this  line,  also  supplies  the  liquor  required  in  two 
ounce  or  four  ounce  bottles  as  the  case  may  be.  No  patient  is  refused 
whisky.  Just  so  long  as  he  desires  it,  it  is  freely  given.  He  usually  de- 
clines it  thirty-six  hours  after  the  treatment  has  begun. 

Leslie  E,  Keeley  Company,  The. — The  Leslie  E.  Keeley  Company,  of 
Dwight,  111.,  is  a  corporate  body.  It  was  organized  under  the  laws  of  this 
state  for  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  the  Leslie  E.  Keeley  remedies  for  the 
cure  of  the  alcohol,  opium,  morphine,  tobacco  and  similar  habits,  and  for 
the  treatment  of  nervous  diseases  generally.  Leslie  E.  Keeley,  M.  D.,  LL.  D., 
the  discoverer  of  the  Double  Chloride  of  Gold  cure,  is  president;  Prof.  John 
R.  Oughton,  the  chemist  of  the  Institute,  is  vice-president;  Major  Curtis  J. 
Judd,  the  business  manager  of  the  Institute,  is  secretary  and  treasurer.  It 
is  understood  that  the  entire  capital  stock  of  the  company  is  controlled  by 
these  three  men.  Messrs.  Oughton  and  Judd  became  interested  in  the 
Keeley  discoveries  long  before  the  Double  Chloride  of  Gold  remedies  had 
achieved  a  reputation,  and  remained  steadfast  in  their  faith,  although  it 
appeared  many  times  that  the  discoveries  made  by  Dr.  Keeley  would  never 
obtain  the  recognition  which  they  deserved,  and  which  they  are  now  re- 
ceiving throiaghout  the  world. 

Keeley  Institute — Branches. — A  large  number  of  importan,  branches  of 
The  Keeley  Institute  have  been  established.  These  are  scattered  through- 
out the  country.  In  the  near  future  it  is  likely  that  one  or  more  branch 
institutions  will  be  found  in  every  state  in  the  Union,  in  Canada  and  in  the 
different  countries  of  Europe.  The  list  of  the  authorized  state  agencies  op- 
erating under  the  name  and  title  of  "The  Keeley  Institute,"  now  numbers 
eighty-six  with  three  in  Europe.  These  comprise  the  only  genuine  represen- 
tatives for  the  treatment  of  patients  with  the  Dr.  Leslie  E.  Keeley  Double 
Chloride  of  Gold  remedies. 

No  Restraint.— From  a  lecture  delivered  in  Chicago,  before  The  Keeley 
League  club  by  Maj.  Curtis  J.  Judd :  "  The  old  method  of  treatment  doctors 
had  come  to  believe  in,  and  of  course  it  was  difficult  to  argue  with  them  and 
to  bring  them  to  see  matters  as  he  did.  The  argument  against  Dr.  Keeley 
was  that  lie  could  not  do  what  he  claimed  because  it  never  had  been  done. 
Lr.  Keeley  contended  that  he  could  effect  a  cure  of  the  liquor  and  opium 


338  GUIDE  to  CHICAGO. 

habits  by  treating  them  as  diseases.  He  would  use  no  foi-ce  in  the  mattei1 
whatever,  but  whoever  came  under  his  treatment  should  be  simply  a  resi- 
dent of  the  village  he  was  in,  and  have  all  the  liberty  that  he  had  where  he 
came  from.  They  should  be  merely  temporary  residents  of  Dwight.  Dr. 
Keeley  claimed  that  the  voluntary  assent  of  the  patient  to  be  under  his  treat- 
ment distinguished  the  mind  sufficiently;  that  under  no  consideration  did 
he  consider  the  disease  of  inebriety,  even  to  the  extent  of  delirium  tremens, 
a  case  for  confinement ;  and  he  never  has  done  it.  That  is  one  of  the  strong, 
est  features  in  his  treatment — that  a  necessity  does  not  exist  for  confine- 
ment in  any  case.  I  can  not  remember  of  a  single  case  of  delirum  tremens 
where  the  patient  himself  was  vicious.  You  may  read  the  medical  books 
and  hear  people  talk  of  public  and  private  asylums,  and  you  will  hear  of 
nothing  but  viciousness  on  the  part  of  inebriates.  That  is  what  surprises 
me.  Dr.  Keeley's  theory  was  that  you  made  these  cases  vicious  by  confine- 
ment, by  forcing  them  to  do  what  in  their  own  judgment  was  wrong.  By 
employing  coercion,  as  Dr.  Keeley  terms  it,  you  are  creating  what  you  try  to 
cure,  a  species  of  madness  or  insanity.  That  is  the  exterior  treatment  of 
inebriety.  It  is  carried  out  to-day  identically  as  Dr.  Keeley  laid  his  plans 
ten  years  ago.  He  is  carrying  out  what  he  has  studied  and  made  a  life-work 
for  the  last  twenty-five  years." 

Rules  and  Regulations. — The  following  ai*e  the  rules  and  regulations  gov- 
erning the  course  of  treatment  at  Dwight.  In  effect  these  laws  govern  the 
treatment  at  all  branch  institutes : 

FIRST.  No  patient  accepted  for  a  less  period  than  the  full  course  of 
treatment.  All  patients  are  required  to  register  and  arrange  all  financial 
matters  with  the  treasurer  on  arrival.  Borrowing  or  loaning  money  between 
patients  is  positively  prohibited. 

SECOND.  Strict  regularity  must  be  obsei'ved  in  the  use  of  remedy  every 
two  hours  during  the  day,  and  promptness  at  the  office  for  hypodermic 
treatment  four  times  daily,  viz. :  8  o'clock  a.  m.,  12  o'clock  noon,  5  o'clock  p. 
m.,  7:30  o'clock  p.  m.  If  for  any  good  reason  patients  ai'e  unable  to  attend 
office  treatment,  physicians  will  visit  their  residence. 

THIRD.  The  remedy  for  internal  use  is  compounded  to  meet  the  individ- 
ual requirements,  and  all  exchanging  or  loaning  between  patients  is 
interdicted. 

FOURTH.  The  use  of  tobacco  in  any  form  is  prohibited  for  fifteen  min- 
utes before  and  fifteen  minutes  after  office  treatment. 

FIFTH.  Cigarette  smoking  and  gambling  .vill  be  punished  by  dis- 
missal 

SIXTH.    Baths  are  prescribed  at  least  twice  each  week. 

SEVENTH.  Patients  are  requested  to  preserve  silence  in  the  office,  while 
in  line  or  when  through  office  treatment. 

EIGHTH.  Gentlemanly  deportment  is  expected  from  all,  and  profanity, 
lewd  conversation,  boisterous  conduct  on  the  street,  at  hotels  or  boarding 
houses,  will  be  severely  reprimanded,  and  if  persisted  in  will  be  visited  by 
prompt  expulsion. 

NINTH.  Strangers  visiting  Dwight,  as  well  as  the  residents,  must  not 
be  annoyed  in  any  manner;  and  graduates  should  be  permitted  to  take 
their  departure  without  unnecessary  demonstration. 

TENTH.  Statements  will  be  furnished  from  the  office  at  close  of  treat- 
ment, and  all  are  requested  to  present  complete  board  accounts  in  ample 
time  for  adjustment.  All  changes  in  boarding  locations  should  be  promptly 
reported  to  the  office. 

ELEVENTH.  Every  patient  accepting  treatment  at  Dwight  must  comply 
with  these  rules  in  every  particular. 

Rules  are  not  made  to  be  broken  at  Dwight.  Once  made  their  observ- 
ance is  imperative.  No  patient,  no  matter  who  he  may  be,  or  what  influence 
there  is  behind  him,  can  break  a  rule  with  impunity.  If  it  is  deemed  best 
for  the  good  of  his  associates,  he  is  expelled  summarily.  Dwight,  like  oppor- 
tunity, only  knocks  once  at  a  man's  door.  If  he  fails  to  profit  by  his  experi- 
ence there  he  can  never  return.  This  is  an  absolute  rule.  Dr.  Keeley  expects 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  339 

every  man  who  visits  Dwight  for  treatment  to  be,  above  everything  else,  a 
gentleman.  His  condition,  his  clothing,  his  nativity,  his  creed,  are  not 
noticed,  but  his  conduct  is  watched  closely.  If  he  does  not  behave  himself, 
once  sobered,  like  a  man,  he  is  invited  to  leave,  and  can  never  return. 

Inebriety  a  Disease. — From  a  lecture  delivered  at  Chicago  by  Dr.  Leslie 
E.  Keeley,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Press  Club:  "I  do  not  claim  that  soci- 
ety is  yet  ready  to  accept  the  conclusion  that  confirmed  inebriates  are 
morally  irresponsible,  but  society  is  now  obliged  to  accept  the  fact  that 
confirmed  inebriety  is  a  disease.  The  evidences  of  this  fact  comprise  all 
the  evidence  there  is  of  the  existence  of  any  disease.  There  is  poison  as  a 
cause.  There  are  symptoms  and  signs  of  disease.  These  facts  have  long 
been  known,  but  there  is  now  the  additional  evidence  which  is  confirm- 
atory that  the  disease  of  inebriety  is  curable  by  medicine.  The  moral 
factor  of  inebriety  has  always  stood  in  the  way  of  recognition  by  the  public 
that  inebriety  is  a  disease.  The  alcoholized  patient,  or  culprit,  or  prisoner, 
is  held  responsible  morally  because  he  buys  the  poison  voluntarilly,  and 
takes  it  himself,  which  brings  into  the  case  the  factor  of  vice  viewed  from 
the  standpoint  of  law  and  morality.  Setting  aside  this  factor,  there  is  no 
difference  in  general  terms  between  drunkenness  or  alcoholism  and  typhoid 
fever  or  insanity — and,  in  fact,  when  we  continue  the  analysis  of  the  feat- 
ures of  likeness,  there  is  no  difference.  The  germ  diseases  as  typhoid  fever, 
consumption,  scarlet  fever  and  diphtheria  are  caused  by  germ  poisons,  and 
it  was  formerly  the  custom  to  call  these  diseases  "providential  "  or  visita- 
tions from  God,  the  reason  being  that  the  cause  was  unknown.  Now,  how- 
ever, that  the  cause  is  known  we  learn  that  the  public  and  individuals  are 
as  responsible  morally  for  the  existence  of  the  poisons  as  they  are  for  the 
existence  of  alcohol.  A  man  who  refuses  to  be  vaccinated  or  refuses  this 
protection  to  his  family  is  responsible  if  small-pox  is  the  consequence. 
Communities  which  neglect  sanitation  and  have  a  death  rate  of  ten  or 
twenty  above  the  minimum  rate  per  1,000  are  responsible  for  the  conse- 
quent sickness  and  death.  An  individual  who  uses  water  that  he  knows, 
or  should  know,  may  be  contaminated  and  gets  typhoid  fever  therefrom  is 
morally  as  responsible  as  the  man  who  drinks  alcohol  until  he  becomes  a 
drunkard.  From  these  facts,  then,  I  can  see  no  difference  in  a  general  sense 
between  the  disease  of  inebriety  and  typhoid  fever  or  other  diseases. 
They  are  ail,  every  one,  caused  by  poisons  which  produce  the  disease,  and 
individuals  and  communities  are  equally  responsible  from  the  moral  stand- 
point for  all  diseases  that  are  preventible.  Inebriety  also  bears  the  same 
relation  to  cure  and  prevention  that  other  diseases  do.  All  diseases,  includ- 
ing inebriety,  should  be  prevented  rather  than  cured,  but  this  world,  while 
truly  seeking  the  art  of  preventing  all  diseases  has  not  yet  reached  the  goal. 
The  foundation  of  this  disease,  with  its  manifestations  of  periodical  ine- 
briety, consists  in  a  characteristic  variation  of  the  tissue  cells  of  the  brain, 
which  can  be  be  caused  by  nothing  else  than  alcohol.  This  variation  of 
cells  is  partly  lost  or  cured  naturally  during  the  rhythmic  interval  of  sobriety, 
but  for  the  reason  that  force  underlies  this  manifestation  and  that  all  force 
is  physically  rhythmic,  this  condition  returns  again ;  that  is,  the  manifesta- 
tion of  inebriety  again  returns  and  again  recedes,  and  that  is  what  makes 
the  habitual  drunkard.  Dwight  is  called  the  'court  of  last  resort  of 
God's  unfortunates,'  and  I  think  justly  so.  I  will  take  any  liquor  habitue 
there,  soddened  and  saturated  by  twenty  years  of  alcoholic  debauch,  sober 
him  in  two  hours,  cut  short  his  worst  spree  in  four  hours,  take  him  from 
inebriety  to  perfect  sobriety  without  nervous  shock  or  distress,  and  leave 
him  anti-pathetic  to  alcoholic  stimulants  of  every  sort  and  kind  inside  of 
three  days,  and,  in  the  mea,ntime,  will  give  him  all  the  liquor  he  asks  for; 
this,  with  the  confident  assurance  that  he  will  drop  it  of  his  own  volition  in 
from  thirty-six  to  forty-eight  hours.  Never  again  will  he  want  or  desire  it, 
though  he  should  live  a  hundred  years,  and  if  he  goes  back  to  liquor  he  will 
dp  so,  not  because  of  want  or  desire,  but  simply  with  intention  to  resume 
his  old  habits.  The  sobering  up  process  at  Dwight  is  a  small  matter, 
though  one  much  dreaded  by  the  inebriate  at  home.  I  take  him  from  the 
inebriety  to  perfect  sobriety  much  as  a  ship  is  lifted  from  the  water  to  the 


340  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

dry-docks  without  strain.  The  formulae  for  the  cure  of  inebriety  and  opium 
habit,  which  I  have  discovered  after  years  of  experimental  work,  has  never 
yet  been  published  and  never  will  be,  for  general  use.  I  am  aware  that 
alleged  analyses  of  my  formulae  are  published  in  the  newspapers.  I  pro- 
nounce them  unqualifiedly  false.  I  rest  easy  upon  the  matter  of  analysis, 
otherwise  I  would  not  send  my  remedy  broadcast  over  the  world  to  whoever 
calls  for  it.  It  would  take  a  river  of  it  to  make  a  quantitative  or  qualitative 
analysis,  or,  in  other  words,  an  analysis  in  fact.  To  give  to  the  general  pub- 
lic the  formulae  from  which  my  remedy  is  compounded  would  be  to  simply 
destroy  its  efficacy  as  a  cure.  The  remedy  is  not  a  proprietary  one,  similar 
to  the  many  others  known  as  patent  medicines  upon  the  market  in  drug 
stores.  It  is  a  complete  system  which  must  be  closely  watched  from  begin- 
ning to  finish,  and  from  which  no  detail  can  be  omitted  without  endangering 
its  success." 

Daily  Life  at  Dwight.— It  is  a  quiet  life  at  Dwight,  but  not  a  dull  one. 
There  is  no  chance  for  dullness  and  stagnation  where  so  many  newspaper 
men,  politicians,  lawyers,  war  veterans,  and  city  men  of  affairs  are  gathered. 
People  find  out  each  other  here,  and  when  a  man  is  found  out  he  is  expected 
to  turn  in  and  do  his  best  for  the  general  amusement  or  the  public  good. 
Nearly  every  candidate  for  the  Double  Cnloricie  of  Gold  course  goes  to 
Dwight  with  the  desire  and  intention  of  keeping  his  visit  a  secret,  and  many 
make  elaborate  preparations  at  home  for  carrying  out  the  fiction  of  a  visit  to 
the  springs  or  a  trip  to  the  seaside.  But  it  amounts  to  nothing.  They  meet 
old  acquaintances  who  have  come  on  the  same  errand ;  they  are  recognized 
by  friends  on  passing  trains,  or  gossipy  people  who  are  writing  home  send 
lists  of  distinguished  inebriates  who  are  their  companions.  The  secret  al- 
ways comes  out.  But  the  strange  part  of  the  story  is  that  after  the  first 
week  no  one  wants  to  hide  the  fact  that  he  has  passed  through  Dr.  Keeley's 
hands.  He  is  proud  of  it,  and  he  exults  in  the  idea  that  he  will  be  able  to  tell 
his  friends  that  the  chains  have  fallen  from  his  wrists  and  that  he  is  free' 
"I  am  going  home  next  week,"  said  a  happy  patient,  "to  let  my  wife  get 
acquainted  with  me.  We  have  been  married  twelve  years  and  she  has 
never  known  her  husband!  "  Such  sxinshine  as  this  has  fallen  upon  thou- 
sands of  households  that  once  were  desolate,  but  now  are  filled  with  happi- 
ness. This  will  explain  why  so  many  who  came  withv  reluctance  and  with 
doubt  are  glad  to  hear  from  the  doctor's  lips  that  they  must  stay  another 
week,  and  even  then  leave  Dwight  with  reluctance.  This  is  why  strong 
men  break  down  in  tears  when  they  come  to  say  good-by.  They  have  formed 
acquaintanceships  which  ai*e  different  from  any  they  made  before  and 
which  are  the  blossom  and  fruit  of  a  common  knowledge  of  sorrow  and  a 
common  bitter  experience.  The  friendships  made  in  Dwight  are  unlike  any 
that  come  up  in  the  ordinary  business  of  life,  and  will  be  apt  to  outlast 
most  others.  The  badge  of  The  Keeley  League  club  is  likely  also  to  be  the 
longest  worn  of  any  such  ornaments.  All  the  members  have  promised  to 
wear  it  at  all  times,  not  only  as  a  shield  and  reminder,  but  also  as  a  pleas- 
ant memorial  of  their  days  at  Dwight  and  the  friends  they  made  there.  As 
the  day  of  their  departure  di-awsnear  patients  who  wonder  why  they  were 
side-tracked  at  an  unknown  village  see  the  wisdom  of  the  plan  that  brought 
them  to  Dwight.  In  a  large  city  or  at  a  watering  place  the  work  they  have 
been  doing  for  themselves  would  have  been  doubled  by  the  temptations  and 
distractions  that  presented  themselves.  In  the  little  village,  whose  peace- 
ful homes  are  shaded  by  the  cottonwood  and  maple,  and  whose  every  open 
door  welcomes  the  stranger,  the  work  of  rest,  peace,  and  regular  habits 
proceeds  apace.  To  the  jaded  brain  the  song  of  the  thrush  and  the  call  of 
the  robin  come  with  new  meaning  as  the  man  finds  the  years  that  were  once 
worse  than  wasted  dropping  from  him,  and  that  the  vigor  of  early  manhood 
with  its  hopes  and  ambitions,  is  returning.  This  is  the  work  of  restoration 
and  reconstruction  that  is  claimed  for  Dr.  Keeley  and  Dwight,  and  to  which 
100,000  saved  men  stand  ready  to  bear  witness.  The  work  and  the  place  are 
adapted  to  each  other  perfectly.  The  great  and  good  physician  who  has 
given  the  best  years  of  his  life  to  the  rescue  of  the  drunkard  comes  before 
the  world  fitly  framed  in  by  the  pretty  little  village  of  Dwight,  where  his 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

THE  SKANDINAVEN  BUILDING,  183-187  N.  PEORIA  ST, 

[See  Page  396.] 


342  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

work  began,  and  from  which  he  has  sent  out  a  perpetual  stream  of  sunshine 
011  innumerable  homes.  There,  where  men  who  had  lost  all  hope  heard 
from  his  lips  the  first  promise  of  a  cure,  there  they  will  look  back  to 
see  him  always,  as  they  last  saw  him,  with  a  smile  of  trust  upon  his  lips. 
And  the  last  thing-  they  forget  in  life  will  be  Dr.  Keeley  and  the  work  he  did 
for  them  at  Dwight. 

Character  of  the  Patients. — There  may  be  found  undergoing-  treatment  at 
Dwight  representatives  of  every  class  of  society  except  that  known  as  "the 
bum  element."  If  a  man  is  a  "bum"  when  he  reaches  Dwight,  and  is  not  so 
naturally,  the  odor  of  the  pot-house  and  the  barrel-house  very  speedily  leaves 
him,  and  he  finds  that  unless  he  quickly  changes  his  manners  his  associates 
will  prove  neither  social  nor  tolerant.  If  he  is  a  "bum"  naturally,  the 
chances  are  that  he  will  not  stay  his  full  time  out.  There  is  another  class 
equally  obnoxious  and  its  representatives  are  received  with  even  less  con- 
sideration. This  is  the  "snob  element."  The  man  who  comes  to  Dwight 
with  the  idea  that  he  will  find  there  no  person  who  by  any  possibility  can  be 
considered  as  good  as  he,  is  very  quickly  disenchanted  with  himself.  At 
first  he  holds  himself  aloof  from  the  rest,  save  when  it  is  necessary  for  him 
to  get  into  line  for  treatment.  By  degrees  he  discovers  that  the  men  in  front 
of  him  and  the  men  behind  him  occupy  positions  in  the  world  far  superior 
to  that  held  by  him.  His  snobbishness,  if  he  be  not  naturally  a  snob,  soon 
disappears.  If  he  be  a  snob  naturally  he  is  not  likely  to  stay  his  full  time 
out,  either.  There  may  be  found  in  the  lines  at  Dwight  representatives  of 
every  rank  in  life.  Professional  men  are  there  in  large  numbers.  Physicians, 
lawyers,  ministers  of  the  gospel,  authors,  journalists,  poets,  wits,  judges 
from  the  bench,  members  of  congress,  members  of  the  various  state  legis- 
latures, civil  engineers,  architects  and  men  of  this  character  are  scattered 
plentifully  through  the  lines,  as  well  as  bankers,  merchants,  contractors, 
railroad  officials,  board  of  trade  brokers,  first-class  artisans  and  mechanics 
and  men  of  that  character.  It  is  impossible  for  the  newcomer  to  form  any 
idea  of  the  class  of  men  he  is  brought  into  contact  with.  By  slow  degrees 
he  becomes  acquainted  and  finds  to  his  surprise  that  he  has  been  walking 
shoulder  to  shoulder,  perhaps,  with  men  whose  names  are  familiar  to 
the  American  public,  and  who  occupy  high  places  in  the  esteem  of  their 
fellow-citizens. 

Hotel  and  Boarding  House  Accommodation.— Hotel  accommodation  for 
transient,  or  regular  guests,  may  be  obtained  at  Dwight  by  the  day  or  week. 
The  Livingston,  owned  by  The  Leslie  E.  Keeley  company,  is  the  leading 
hotel  of  the  village,  and  is  conducted  in  first-class  style.  Rates,  $2  per  day 
and  upward,  according  to  character  of  accommodation  and  room  required. 
Other  hotels  convenient  to  the  Institute  are,  The  Mazou,  Cornell  House, 
Ketcham  House,  Scott  House,  Columbia  and  Pennsylvania  House.  Rates  at 
any  of  the  last  named,  board  by  the  week,  $6  and  $10.  Board  by  the  week 
generally  in  Dwight,  including  bed,  $7.  Patients  are  directed  to  boarding 
houses  by  The  Leslie  E.  Keeley  company.  Many  large  boarding  houses 
have  recently  been  erected. 

Departures  and  Arrivals. — Train  time  is  always  looked  forward  to  at 
Dwight,  sometimes  with  pleasure  and  sometimes  with  sorrow.  Pleasant 
ties  are  broken  every  day.  The  departing  graduate,  while  looking  forward 
with  pleasure  to  meeting  his  friends  once  more,  leaves  his  associates  with 
regret.  He  is  generally  given  a  hearty  farewell.  New  arrivals  are  immedi- 
ately taken  in  hands  by  attendants  of  the  Institute,  who  are  always  in  wait- 
ing at  the  station.  [See  illustration.]  No  matter  what  the  condition  of  the 
arrival  may  be  no  remarks  are  made  about  the  man  as  he  passes  through 
the  crowd.  Under  no  circumstances  is  good  taste  offended. 

Newspapers. — The  Star  and  Herald  of  Dwight  is  the  leading  newspaper. 
It  is  a  weekly  and  well  edited  and  a  large  amount  of  space  is  devoted  to  the 
club  affairs  and  other  information  of  interest  to  patients  and  graduates.  It 
is  customary  for  graduates  upon  leaving  to  subscribe  for  the  Star  and  Herald 
that  they  may  be  kept  acquainted  with  the  movements  of  their  associates 
and  ofrher  matters  connected  with  the  Institute.  The  Banner  of  Gold,  a 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  343 

weekly  newspaper  devoted  to  the  interests  of  Keeley  graduates,  and  a  publi- 
cation of  high  literary  merit,  is  issued  from  Chicago.  [See  "Banner  of  Gold," 
under  head  of  "Newspapers."]  The  Golden  News,  a  bright  and  interesting 
weekly  devoted  to  the  spread  of  "Keeleyism"  is  published  in  New  York. 
The  Keeleyite,  a  monthly  journal  of  much  merit,  is  published  at  Cleveland. 
All  of  these  publications  have  wide  circulation  and  are  read  and  preserved 
in  the  homes  of  the  best  families  in  the  United  States. 

Sympathy. — No  class  of  invalids  are  so  ready  to  receive  sympathy  as 
those  recovering  from  the  effects  of  a  debauch,  and  none  appreciate  it  more. 
The  first  thing  the  patient  learns  at  Dwight  is  that  every  one  of  the  hun- 
dreds who  march  in  line  with  him  is,  like  himself,  a  being  struggling  to 
escape  from  the  slavery  of  drink.  He  soon  discovers  also  that  every  one  of 
the  attending  physicians  is  a  Dwight  graduate,  and  that  many  of  the 
employes  of  the  InstitTite  have  been  cured  by  Dr.  Keeley  of  the  same  disease 
that  has  brought  him  here.  This  establishes  what  the  French  call  an  entente 
cordiale  at  once.  The  bond  of  sympathy  grows  stronger  daily.  His  story  is 
not  new.  He  does  not  feel  embarrassed.  He  visits  the  club  and  is  received 
with  open  arms  by  its  members.  There  is  no  chaffing  or  vulgar  "guying." 
He  is  surprised  at  first  to  find  so  many  gentlemen  at  Dwight.  Later  on  he 
is  more  surprised  if  he  finds  any  one  among  his  associates  who  is  not  a 
gentleman.  There  is  an  esprit  de  corps  among  the  physicians  and  the 
patients,  and  the  seven,  eight  or  ten  hundred  men  live  together  in  pei'fect 
peace  and  harmony. 

Taking  the  Remedy. — The  remedy  is  taken  every  two  hours.  Patients 
usually  carry  two  two-ounce  bottles.  One  of  these  contains  a  portion  of  the 
remedy  taken  from  the  bottle  supplied  by  the  Institiite  which  is  too  bulky 
to  carry  around  conveniently.  The  other  is  used  as  a  "graduate,"  into 
which  is  measured  a  teaspoonful  of  the  medicine.  The  bottle  is  then  filled 
with  water.  This  constitutes  a  dose  and  the  dose  is  taken  when  due,  no 
matter  where  the  patient  may  happen  to  be  at  the  time.  The  stranger  in 
Dwight  will  be  surprised  to  see  patients  during  the  progress  of  a  club  meet- 
ing, or  a  church  service,  or  on  the  street,  or  at  a  social  gathering,  raising 
these  two-ounce  bottles  to  their  mouths  and  swallowing  their  medicine, 
apparently  oblivious  to  the  fact  that  they  are  in  company,  or  utterly  care- 
less of  it.  They  are  at  Dwight  for  this  purpose.  It  is  the  first  thing  to  be 
considered.  They  take  their  medicine  regularly,  no  matter  where  they  are. 
This  is  necessary  to  their  cure. 

Pocket  Money.— Patients  at  Dwight  are  not  supposed  to  carry  any  great 
amount  of  money  with  them.  Whatever  amounts  they  may  bring  are 
expected  to  be  deposited  with  The  Keeley  Institute,  where  a  credit  is  given, 
and  upon  which  the  patient  may  draw,  from  time  to  time,  within  certain 
limitations.  Necessary  articles  may  be  procured  from  the  stores  in  the 
village  by  patients  upon  giving  an  order  on  the  Keeley  Company.  Lending 
money  is  positively  prohibited.  The  occasions  when  an  attempt  is  made  to 
borrow,  however,  are  very  rare. 

Harry  Lawrence's.— The  patient  at  Dwight  has  scarcely  arrived  before 
he  registers  at  "Harry  Lawrence's."  The  proprietor  is  a  genial,  whole- 
souled  Missourian.  He  hails  from  a  town  called  Slater,  which  he  pronounces 
"  Sla-taw,"  with  a  true  Missouri  dialect.  This  is  the  great  butter-milk  repos- 
itory of  Dwight.  Butter-milk,  by  the  way,  is  a  favorite  beverage  in  the  vil- 
lage, and  barrels  of  it  are  consumed  daily  by  the  patients. 

Keeley  League. — This  is  the  name  adopted  by  the  local,  state  and 
national  organizations  composed  of  gi-aduates  of  Keeley  Institutes.  The 
organization  was  born  in  Dwight  in  the  spring  of  1891,  and  christened  the 
"  Bi-chloride  of  Gold  Club."  [See  "  Fraudulent  Institutions."]  Other  clubs 
were  established  in  various  parts  of  the  country  aud  the  result  was  the 
organization  in  November,  1891,  of  the  "Bi-chloride  of  Gold  Club  of  the 
World."  At  a  convention  held  in  Dwight  in  February,  1892,  the  name  of  the 
national  organization  was  changed  to  "The  Associated  Bi-chloride  of  Gold 
Clubs."  Impostors  in  the  meantime  had  made  extensive  use  of  the  term 
>'  Bi-chloride  of  Gold,"  a  title  invented  by  the  originat  prganjzers  of  the 


344  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

association,  and  a  national  convention  held  at  Dwight  in  September,  1^92, 
which  was  attended  by  over  six  hundred  delegates,  representing1  clubs 
scattered  throughout  the  union,  decided  to  change  the  name  to  "The  Keeley 
League,"  the  title  which  it  now  bears.  The  national  organization  is  con- 
trolled by  a  president,  vice-president,  secretary  and  treasurer  and  a  board 
of  directors.  The  local  clubs  are  called  "  Auxiliary  Leagues."  Connected 
with  the  Keeley  League  is  a  "  Womens'  Auxiliary,'  with  national  and  loca- 
organizatipns.  The  Keeley  League  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  organizal 
tions  in  existence.  At  the  present  writing  (1893)  it  has  a  membership  of 
about  10,000.  It  is  composed  of  gentlemen  of  high  standing  in  every  com- 
munity, many  of  whom  are  men  of  national  reputation,  as  physicians, 
ministers,  lawyers,  journalists,  merchants,  capitalists,  etc., etc.  Its  growth 
has  been  marvelous.  The  object  of  the  league  is  the  propagation  of  the 
doctrine  that  the  liquor  and  drug  habits  are  curable  diseases,  and  are 
readily  cured  by  the  use  of  Dr.  Keeley's  remedies;  the  protection  of  these 
remedies  and  of  the  public  against  the  fraudulent  claims  of  spurious  "  dis- 
coverers" and  catch-penny  "Bi-chloride  of  Gold''  institutes;  the  assistance 
of  unfortunates  to  obtain  the  benefits  of  the  Keeley  remedies,  and  the  fra- 
ternization of  the  graduates  of  the  Keeley  Institutes  for  mutual  assistance 
and  the  general  good  of  mankind. 

LAKE  EXCURSIONS. 

Excursions  by  water  are  frequent  during  the  summer  months.  Regular 
trips  are  made  between  Chicago  and  ports  on  the  Wisconsin  and  Michigan 
shores.  Steamers  leave  daily  for  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and  St.  Joseph,  Mich., 
via  Goodrich  and  Graham  &  Morton  lines.  [See  "Amusements."] 

ELEGANT  STEAMERS.— The  steamers  engaged  in  passenger  traffic  between 
Chicago  and  all  points  on  the  chain  of  great  lakes  are  now  of  the  finest  and 
safest  construction.  Most  of  them  are  provided  with  all  modern  improve- 
ments, and  the  saloons  of  some  of  them  are  sumptuously  furnished. 

SHORT  TRIPS. — Among  the  pleasant  short  trips  made  by  lake  steamers 
are  those  to  Jackson  Park  (World's  Fair  grounds);  to  Lincoln  Park,  to 
Evanston;  to  the  different  water  work  cribs;  to  points  along  the  north 
and  south  shore  and  to  points  in  Wisconsin  and  Michigan. 

LONG  TRIPS.— Long  trips  may  be  taken  to  all  points  on  Lakes  Huron, 
Erie,  Ontario  and  Superior.  A  beautiful  summer  excursion  is  that  which 
takes  the  seeker  after  pleasure  by  water  via  the  canals  to  the  St.  Lawrence 
down  that  beautiful  stream  by  the  Thousand  Islands,  and  the  towns  and 
cities  which  line  its  banks.  The  trip,  however,  is  generally  taken,  part 
way,  by  rail.  Excursions  into  what  is  known  as  the  Lake  Superior  country, 
where  fishing  and  hunting  grounds  abound*  are  of  frequent  occurrence 
through  the  summer.  The  straits  of  Macinac  and  the  picturesque  country 
of  northern  Michigan  attract  thousands  of  people  from  this  city  every 
season. 

Graham  &  Morton  Transportation  Co.— Dock  foot  of  Wabash  ave.  Steam- 
ers leave  for  St.  Joseph  and  Bentoa  Harbor  daily,  at  9:30  A.M.  and  11 :30  P.M., 
arriving  at  St.  Joseph  at  1 :30  p.  M.  and  3  A.  M.  10  A.  M.  Sundays  only,  arriving 
at  2  P.M.  Single  fare  $1.  Meals  extra.  Berths  extra  on  City  of  Chicago. 
Daily  excursions  from  Chicago,  returning  same  day,  $1.  Sunday  excursions 
on  the  City  of  Chicago  $1.50.  Close  connections  are  made  at  St.  Joseph  and 
Benton  Harbor  with  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Ry.  for  points  north  and 
east,  including  all  points  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Ry. ;  with  the 
Cincinnati,  Wabash  &  Michigan  and  Vandalia  Systems  for  points  south  and 
east.  Also  with  the  steamer  May  Graham  for  Berrien  Springs  and  other 
points  on  the  picturesque  St.  Joseph  river.  This  company  does  not  guaran- 
tee to  run  on  the  above  time,  but  reserves  the  right  to  vary  therefrom  with- 
out notice.  J.  H.  Graham,  president;  J.  S.  Morton,  secretary  and  ti'easurer; 
G.  S.  Whitslar,  general  passenger  agent.  This  company  owns  the  magnifi- 
cent steel  side-wheel  steamer  City  of  Chicago  and  the  new  steamer  C'hicora, 


346  GUIDE    TO   CHI(.\(i<>. 

The  trip  to  St.  Joseph  and  Benton  Harbor  is  a  delightful  one.  On  the 
Michigan  side  of  the  lake  there  are  many  attractive  and  healthful  summer 
resorts. 

Goodrich  Line.— Founded  in  1856  by  Capt.  A.  E.  Goodrich,  and  ten  years 
later  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  Wisconsin.  Docks  foot  of  Michigan 
ave.  The  steamers  of  the  Goodrich  Transportation  Company  ply  between 
Chicago  and  all  ports  on  Lake  Michigan  and  Green  Bay,  forming  regular 
lines  during  the  navigation  season  as  follows :  Racine  and  Milwaukee,  daily 
morning  and  evening  lines;  Sheboygan  and  Manitowoc,  daily  evening  line ; 
Sturgeon  Bay  and  Menominee,  daily  evening  line;  Grand  Haven  and  Mus- 
kegon,  daily  evening  line;  Green  Bay  and  Manistique,  semi-weekly.  The 
latest  additions  to  the  fleet  are  the  steamships  "City  of  Racine,"  "Indiana," 
"Atlanta,"  and  the  steel  twin  screw  steamship  "Virginia."  The  "Muske- 
gon  "  is  a  steamer  of  900  tons,  the  " Chicago,"  "  Menominee  "  and  the  "City 
of  Ludington,"  1,000  tons  each;  the  "Atlanta,"  "City  of  Racine"  and 
"Indiana,"  1,200  tons  each;  and  the  "Virginia,"  the  queen  of  the  fleet, 
2,500  tons. 

Lake  Michigan  &  Lake  Superior  Transportation  Co.— Dock  at  Rush  st. 
bridge.  The  Lake  Michigan  &  Lake  Superior  Transportation  Company,  incor- 
porated under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  Illinois,  in  1879,  is  the  successor  of  the 
old  pioneer  lines,  established  some  thirty-six  years  ago,  and  is  now  the  only 
line  operating  freight  and  passenger  steamers  between  Chicago  and  Duluth, 
the  head  of  Lake  Superior.  The  summer  months,  beginning  with  about 
June  15th  until  about  September  15th,  are  principally  devoted  to  its  passenger 
business,  which,  during  the  past  few  years,  has  grown  to  such  enormous 
proportions,  partially  owing  to  the  famous  northern  Michigan  summer 
resorts,  which  are  reached  four  times  each  week,  that  this  company  put 
into  service  in  1893  one  of  the  largest  and  most  elegantly  appointed  steam- 
ships that  ever  floated  on  American  waters.  Whatever  human  foresight 
could  secure  or  human  ingenuity  devise  was  brought  forth  to  make  this 
steamship  a  model  in  fresh  water  navigation-  This  steamship  was  put 
into  commission  on  the  Chicago-Mackinac-Soo  route,  including  East  shore 
ports.  The  other  passenger  s'  earners  of  this  line  are  retained  on  the  old 
routes  between  Chicago  and  Duluth.  During  the  spring  and  fall  months 
this  company  devotes  its  entire  attention  to  the  freight  business,  contract- 
ing not  only  for  freight  to  local  points  in  their  route,  but  is  making  great 
strides  in  the  direction  of  through  freight  to  points  in  the  great  Northwest 
as  far  as  the  Pacific  coast. 

LIBRARIES— FREE. 

There  are  some  gi-eat  libraries  in  Chicago,  but  the  libraries  of  the  pres- 
ent are  only  a  faint  picture  of  what  they  will  be  in  the  near  future.  At  least 
three  great  public  libraries,  that  will  compare  with  any  in  the  world,  have 
been,  or  are  about  to  be,  established.  The  Public  Library  is  already 
acknowledged  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  book-distributing  institutions  in  the 
world.  The  Newberry  Library  is  destined  to  become  a  great  receptacle  of 
works  of  reference.  The  Crerar  Library  will  be  a  mammoth  semi-public 
book  circulating  medium. 

THE  LIBRARIES  OF  CHICAGO. —  There  are  in  Chicago  eighteen  public  or 
semi-public  libraries,  to  which  visitors  have  access.  These  libraries  con- 
tain (1893)  over  one  million  vohunes.  The  books  in  the  minor  libraries  of 
the  city  number  500,000  more.  The  libraries  available  to  the  reading  or  stu- 
dent public  of  Chicago,  contain  1,355,000  volumes.  Following  is  a  list  of  the 
principal  collections:  Chicago  University,  400,000;  Public  Library,  171,000; 
Newberry,  84,500;  Law  Institute,  25.000;  Western  Theological  Seminary, 
6,000;  McCormick  Theological,  10,000;  Morgan  Park,  50,000;  Northwestern 
University,  43,000;  Hammond  Theological,  7,000;  Armour  Mission,  3,000;  St. 
Ignatius'- College,  15,000;  Union  Catholic,  3,000;  Chicago  Historical,  5,000; 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  347 

Scientific  Society,  5,000;  Athenaeum,  5,000;-  Cobb's,  15,000;  Ravenswood,  3,000; 
-Pullman,  5,000;  Miscellaneous  (estimated),  500,000.    Total,  1,355,500. 

Academy  of  Self  nee  Library.— Location,  the  Academy  of  Science  bldg., 
Lincoln  Park.  [See  "Arts  and  Sciences."]  This  gathering  of  books  was 
made  in  the  interest  of  modern  science,  and  includes  some  5,000  standard 
works  on  paleontology,  archaeology,  geology,  evolution,  and  advanced 
science  generally.  The  collection  is  extensive  and  of  great  value.  The 
neglect  which  the  society  suffered  for  many  years  alone  prevented  it  from 
having  a  much  larger  and  more  valuable  collection.  The  society  is  again 
on  a  prosperous  footing,  however. 

Armour  Institute  Library. — Located  in  the  Armour  Institute.  [See 
"Armour  Institute,"  under  heading  "Buildings,"  and  also  under  heading 
"Education  —  Technical."]  This  library  will  be  thrown  open  before  the 
close  of  1893.  It  will  be  a  library  of  scientific  and  technical  woi-ks,  for  the 
instruction  of  students  at  the  institute  and  for  the  use  of  those  who  are 
interested  in  scientific  or  mechanical  knowledge.  In  short,  it  will  be  a 
polytechnic  library.  A  splendid  public  reading  room  is  attached. 

Armour  Mission  Library. — Location,  the  Armour  Mission,  Thirty-third 
and  Butterfield  sts.  [See  "Armour  Mission."]  The  mission  has  a  special 
feature  in  its  library,  which  does  but  little  resemble  the  great  storehouses 
of  literature  usually  known  by  the  name.  The  3,000  books  here  were  not 
chosen  for  the  enlightment  or  pastime  of  the  erudite  or  accomplished.  They 
were  selected  to  meet  the  needs  and  fit  the  mental  digestion  of  the  people 
whom  the  mission  is  intended  to  benefit.  So  the  Armour  mission  library 
consists  of  selected  light  literature,  good  fiction,  standard  novels,  poetry, 
history,  and  few  classics.  Books  in  German,  Swedish,  Norwegian,  Italian 
and  French  are  to  be  found  here,  because  many  of  the  beneficiaries  of  the 
mission  can  read  only  in  these  tongues.  A  specialty  has  been  made  of 
children's  books,  for  the  use  of  the  hundred  or  more  little  ones  taught  and 
cared  for  each  day  through  the  magnificent  charity  of  the  Armours. 

Chicago  Athenaeum  Library.— Located  in  the  Athenaeum  building,  Van 
Buren  st..  near  Michigan  ave.  [See  "Education — Academic  and  Collegi- 
ate."] This  institution,  popularly  known  as  "The  People's  College,"  pos- 
sesses a  judiciously  selected  library  of  about  5,000  volumes.  This  library, 
being  intended  for  the  general  reader,  embraces  a  larger  proportion  of 
modern  works  than  some  of  the  more  pretentious  establishments. 

Chicago  Branch  of  the  I.  T.  and,  M.  Society  Library. — The  library  of  the 
Chicago  Branch  of  the  International  Tract  and  Missionary  Society  is  located 
at  26  and  28  College  place. 

CluZ  Libraries.— Nearly  all  of  the  leading  gentlemen's  and  literary 
clubs  of  the  city  have  accumulated  or  are  building  up  valuable  libraries. 
These  are  all  closed  to  the  general  public,  however.  Only  a  few  of  them  are 
referred  to  here.  [See  "Clubs."] 

Cobb's  Library.— Cobb's  library  is  the  nearest  approach  we  have  in 
Chicago  to  Mudie's  in  London,  and  it  is  quite  as  complete  in  its  way  as  the 
swell  English  circulating  library.  Cobb's  library  comprises  about  15,000 
volumes,  mostly  modern.  Cobb's  library  was  created  to  supply  the  demand 
for  new  books,  magazines  and  general  literature  which  the  public  library 
could  not  grant. 

Electric  Club  Library. — A  collection  of  works  of  great  value  in  possession 
of  the  Electric  Club  of  this  city.  [See  "  Clubs— Gentlemens."] 

Evanston  Public  Library. — Located  in  the  City  of  Evanston,  a  suburb  of 
Chicago,  twelve  miles  from  the  city  hall.  Contains  a  fine  collection  of  works 
of  reference,  and  of  the  standard  lines  of  fiction,  poetry,  history,  travel,  etc. 
It  is  supported  by  taxation  and  is  growing  rapidly. 

Hammond  Library. — Location,  Ashland  and  Warren  aves.,  West  side. 
The  collection  belongs  to  ihe  Chicago  Theological  Seminary.  The  library 
building  is  a  very  handsome  one.  [See  "  Chicago  Theological  Seminary."] 
Although  but  a  few  years  in  process  of  formation,  the  management  of  the 


348  GUIDE    TO 

seminary  has  accumulated  a  splendid  lot  of  books,  numbering'  about  10,000, 
and  especially  well  adapted  to  the  requirements  of  the  {Treat  western  train- 
ing-school for  Congregational  ministers  and  missionaries.  The  library  is 
ri'-h  in  works  relating  to  the  ancient  world  and  possesses  one  of  the  rarest 
and  best  works  on  Egypt.  Many  books  in  oriental  languages  and  dialects 
are  in  the  Hammond,  and  the  linguistic  range  of  its  works  is  very  wide. 
The  library  was  named  after  the  late  Mr.  Hammond,  who  bequeathed 
several  thousand  dollars  for  its  foundation. 

Historical  Society  Library.— One  of  the  most  interesting-  of  Chicago's 
libraries  is  that  of  the  Historical  Society  at  142  Dearborn  ave.  As  its  name 
implies  the  general  character  of  the  books  in  this  institution  are  historical. 
The  definition  is  further  limited  by  the  title,  "Chicago,"  because  the  especial 
object  of  the  society  is  the  preservation  of  historical  documents  relating  to 
Chicago.  As  a  matter  of  fact  the  collection  includes  books,  pamphlets  and 
documents  of  value  as  showing-  the  history  of  Illinois  and  the  great  West  as 
well  as  Chicago.  Some  of  the  documents  printed  and  manuscripts  preserved 
by  the  Historical  society  are  the  only  ones  of  their  kind  in  existence.  A 
handsome  and  substantial  new  building-  now  shelters  this  valuable  collec- 
tion. [See  "Buildings,"  also  " Chicago  Historical  Society."] 

Hyde  Park  Lyceum.— located,  at  136  Fifty-third  St.,  former  town  of  Hyde 
Park.  Thjs  is  a  library  and  reading  room,  to  which  visitors  are  invited. 

Illinois  Tract  Society  Library.— Located  at  26-28  College  pi.  This  library 
and  reading  room  is  conducted  by  the  Second  Adventists. 

John  Crerar  Library,  The.— This  library,  which  at  no  very  remote  period 
will  be  one  of  the  grandest  in  Chicago,  does  not  exist  at  present,  but  is  pro- 
vided for  in  the  fiftieth  clause  of  the  will  of  the  late  John  Crerar,  a  wealthy 
merchant  of  Chicago  (who  died  in  1890).  The  bequest  at  the  time  of  Mr. 
Crerar' s  death  amounted  to  $3.000,000.  This  amount  is  much  larger  now. 
The  library  is  to  oe  situated  on  the  South  side,  probably  on  Michigan  ave., 
facing-  the  Lake  Fi*ont  park. 

Labor  Library.. — Location,  121  Fifth  ave.  Opened  early  in  1893.  For  the 
use  of  working  people  of  both  sexes.  The  library  is  free  and  is  conducted 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Building  Trades  Council;  a  pleasant  reading  room 
is  attached.  There  should  be  large  subscriptions  in  money  and  books  to 
this  library. 

Law  Institute  Library.— Located  in  spacious  rooms  on  the  fourth  floor  of 
the  rotunda,  between  the  city  hall  and  coimty  building1.  On  the  double 
tiers  of  shelf-cases  are  piled  in  orderly  ranks  25,000  or  more  books,  each  one 
of  which  is  of  practical  use  to  the  legal  practitioner  of  to-day.  Ranking 
third  among  the  great  law  libraries  of  the  United  States  is  the  splendid  col- 
lection of  leg-al  books  owned  by  the  Chicago  Law  Institute,  and  known  as 
the  Chicago  Law  Library.  Excelling  it  in  point  of  number  of  volumes  are 
only  the  Congressional  Library  and  the  New  York  Bar  Library.  The  former 
surpasses  any  similar  library  in  this  country. 

Lincoln  St.M.E.Free  Library. — Located  at  South  Lincoln  and  Ambrose  sts. 

McCormick,  Theological  Seminary  Library.— Location,  North  Halsted  st. 
and  Belden  ave.  [See  "McCormick  Theological  Seminary."]  The  library 
adjunct  to  this  seminary  contains  10,000  volumes,  selected  with  great  care 
and  comprising  very  many  valuable  books.  The  library  is  especially  rich 
in  works  on  philosophy,  religious  history,  and  polemics.  Presbyterian 
literature  in  all  its  phases  is  plentiful  at  the  McCormick  library,  but  all 
branches  of  erudition  as  well  as  general  literature  are  fully  represented. 

Morgan  Park  Theological  Seminary  Library.— Now  in  possession  of  the 
University  of  Chicago.  Larger  than  the  celebrated  Lenox  library  in  New  York 
is  the  fine,  well-selected  library  of  40,000  volumes  and  10,000  pamphlets,  form- 
erly owned  by  the  Morgan  Park  Theological  Seminary.  The  Morgan  Park 
collection  really  includes  four  libraries,  which  have  been  acquired  by  gift 
or  purchase.  These  comprise  the  library  originally  owned  by  the  old  Chi- 
cago University  and  including  7,000  volumes,the  Ide  library  of  4,000  books, 
the  Hengstenberg  collection  of  20,000  volumes,  and  the  Bible  Union  library 


350  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

of  9.000  volumes.  All  these  were  merged  in  the  Morgan  Park  library,  which 
in  its  turn  has  been  absorbed  bodily  by  the  University  libi'ary.  [See  "Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  Library."] 

Newberry  Library. — Although  in  the  outset  of  its  career,  the  Newberry 
library  is  already  great.  In  the  number  of  books  on  its  shelves,  the  value 
and  importance  of  the  collection  thus  far  made,  the  general  quality  of  the 
books,  and  the  rarity  of  many  of  the  editions  represented,  the  Newberry  in 
its  present  condition  surpasses  many  libraries  famous  among  book  lovers 
and  readers.  Walter  Loomis  Newberry,  who  died  November  6,  1868,  be- 
queathed more  than  $2,000,000  for  the  establishment  in  the  North  division  of 
Chicago  of  a  free  public  library  worthy  of  the  city  which  would  be  a  monu- 
ment to  future  generations  of  his  piiblic  spirit  and  generosity.  For  some 
years  the  work  progressed  slowly.  In  January,  1888,  the  report  of  Librarian 
William  F.  Poole  showed  that  6,457  volumes  and  4,907  pamphlets  had  been 
acquired  for  the  library.  By  January,  1891,  the  list  was  swelled  to  60,614 
books  and  23,958  pamphlets.  Up  to  the  present  writing  these  numbers  have 
been  largely  increased.  The  library  now  occupies  a  spacious,  comfortable 
temporary  building  at  State  and  Oak  sts.,  while  waiting  for  the  completion 
of  the  superb  permanent  building  on  the  Ogden  block  on  N.  Clark  St.,  near 
Washington  square. 

NEWBERRY  LIBRARY  BUILDING.—  The  entire  block  bounded  by  Clark  and 
Oak  sts.,  Dearborn  ave.,  and  Walton  place,  is  the  site  of  thepermanentfbuild- 
ing.  It  fronts  south  on  Walton  place ;  and  directly  opposite  is  Washington 
square,  an  open  public  park.  The  building  is  three  hundred  feet  long  and 
sixty  feet  wide,  and  one  of  the  most  attractive  architectural  structures  in 
the  city.  It  has  the  capacity  for  storing  and  using  a  million  volumes.  The 
block  measures  about  67,000  feet,  and  only  a  portion  of  it  will  be  covered  by 
the  first  structure.  The  three  other  fronts  will  be  built  upon  in  the  future 
when  the  growth  of  the  library  requires  larger  accommodations.  The  loca- 
tion known  as  the  "Ogden  block,"  formerly  contained  one  large  wooden 
mansion  house,  which  after  the  great  fire  of  1871  was  pointed  6ut  to  visitors 
as  being  the  only  building  on  the  North  side  which  was  saved  from  the 
general  conflagration. 

A  REFERENCE  LIBRARY.— The  Newberry  Library  circulates  no  books, 
and  is  only  used  as  a  reference  library,  as  is  the  Astor  Library  of  New  York, 
the  British  Museum  of  London,  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale  of  Paris,  and 
nearly  all  the  great  libraries  of  the  world.  Readers  use  books  only  in  the 
building,  where  the  most  ample  accommodations  are  furnished.  The  library 
is  open  from  9  o'clock  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.,  and  from  7  to  10  p.  m.  for  the  use  of 
those  wishing  to  consult  its  reference  books. 

AMERICAN  REFERENCE  BOOKS.— The  Newberry  Library  is  especially  rich 
in  Americana,  the  medical  reference  department,  rare  musical  works,  and 
valuable  manuscripts.  The  medical  department  comprises  some  17,000  vol- 
umes, including  the  best  known  works  in  all  departments  of  the  science. 
Many  of  these  books  were  those  which  had  been  accumulated  by  the  various 
medical  associations  in  their  futile  attempts  to  organize  a  medical  reference 
library  commensurate  with  the  needs  of  the  profession  in  Chicago.  This 
collection  which  was  extensive  and  comprehensive,  was  turned  over  to  the 
Newberry  library,  where  it  is  in  charge  of  a  special  superintendent.  The 
department  of  early  American  history  is  also  very  complete.  It  includes 
most  of  the  known  works  produced  by  the  early  colonial  writers.  Many  of 
these  were  obtained  at  the  sale  of  the  collection  of  Charles  H.  Guild  of 
Somerville,  Mass.,  which  was  sold  by  auction  in  November,  1887.  Many 
others  were  piirchased  from  Henry  Probasco  of  Cincinnati,  and  at  the  sale 
of  the  library  of  the  lateS.  L.  M.  Barlow  of  New  York. 

RARE  BINDINGS.— In  the  matter  of  specimens  of  rare  bindings  the  New- 
berry  library  was  fortunate  enough  to  secure  the  entire  Probasco  collec- 
tion. The  earliest  style  is  a  specimen  from  designs  of  Maioli,  1549,  and  the 
work  of  sixty-five  other  eminent  art-binders  shows  the  progress  made  in 
t>ook-binding  from  the  sixteenth  century  down  to  the  present  time.  Of  rare 
editions  of  the  bible  there  are  eighty-three  in  the  library.  One  was  printed 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  351 

at  Venice  in  1476  and  another  at  Venice  in  1480  on  vellum  and  illuminated 
throughout.  Only  one  other  copy  on  vellum  was  printed,  which  is  in  the 
Bibliotheque  Nationale  at  Paris. 

MUSICAL  WOKKS.— A  special  feature  has  been  made  of  the  musical  depart- 
ment of  the  library.  There  are  works  by  all  the  famous  writers  on  the  sci- 
ence of  music,  including  the  original  scores  of  many  great  operas,  oratorios, 
masses,  and  other  compositions.  Of  Shakespeare  there  are  the  first,  second, 
third,  and  fourth  folios,  1623,  1632,  1685. 

A  VALUABLE  CONTRIBUTION.— G.  P.  A.  Healy,  the  artist,  in  1892  donated  his 
interesting- collection  of  pictures  to  the  Newberry  Library.  These  are  all 
portraits  of  celebrated  people,  painted  by  Mr.  Healy.  The  following  is  the 
list :  Abraham  Lincoln,  Chester  A.  Arthur,  Ulysses  S.  Grant,  Vice  Admiral 
David  D.  Porter,  Charles  I.,  king  of  Roumania;  Elizabeth  I.,  queen  of  Rou- 
mania;  Princess  of  Roumania  (in  a  carved  frame  made  at  Bucharest  and 
presented  by  King  Charles  to  Mr.  Healy) ;  Ezra  B.  McCagg,  G.  P.  A.  Healy, 
James  G.  Elaine,  General  P.  H.  Sheridan,  Orestes  Augustus  Brownson,  LL.D., 
D.D.,  John  Lathrop  Motley,  D.C.L.,  LL.D.,  Joel  T.  Hart,  the  sculptor;  Rev. 
John  McClosky,  D.D.,  archbishop  and  cardinal;  Father  Isaac  Thomas 
Hickey,  Colonel  Thorne,  Nathan  Appleton,  of  Boston ;  Rev.  J.  J.  Duggan,  D.D., 
former  bishop  of  Chicago;  John  Walter,  editor  and  proprietor  of  the 
London  Times;  Lord  Lyons,  English  ambassador  at  Washington;  Count 
Ferdinand  de  Lesseps,  M.  Adolphe  Thiers,  late  president  of  France;  Study 
of  head  of  Guizot,  the  historian ;  Samuel  G.  Ward,  of  Baring  Bros.  &  Co., 
London ;  General  Charles  R.  Fox,  son  of  the  famous  Lady  Holland ;  Princess 
of  Oldenburg,  niece  of  the  duke  of  Nassau,  painted  at  Rome  in  1872;  Miss 
Tyson  of  Baltimore ;  Miss  Crawford,  second  daughter  of  Thomas  Crawford, 
the  sculptor;  Baroness  de  Pierre,  lady  of  honor  to  Empress  Eugenie  and 
daughter  of  Colonel  Thorne;  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer;  head  of  a  Capri  girl, 
painted  at  Capri,  1870;  Miss  Bryan,  of  Elmhurst,  daughter  of  Thomas  B. 
Bryan ;  Miss  Mary  Anderson,  as  Parthenia ;  General  P.  G.  T.  Beauregard, 
painted  at  Charleston,  S.  C.,  a  fortnight  before  he  opened  fire  on  Fort  Sum- 
ter,  1861 ;  Abbe  Franz  Lizt,  Mrs.  Arthur,  Chicago ;  Margaret  Armstrong, 
Henry  W.  Stanley,  Jules  Simon,  French  minister  in  President  McMahon's 
cabinet ;  Earl  of  Lytton  (Owen  Meredith) ;  Due  de  Aumale,  third  son  of  Mr. 
Healy's  friend  and  patron,  Louis  Phillipe ;  George  Picot,  French  philan- 
thropist. 

Newspaper  Libraries. — Some  of  the  libraries  contained  in  the  great  news- 
paper offices  of  the  city  are  remarkable  collections,  not  alone  because  of 
their  immense  size,  but  because  of  their  value  for  reference  purposes.  They 
are  built  upon  the  encyclopedia  plan;  that  is,  they  are  intended  to  be  libra- 
ries containing  every  possible  character  of  information  in  a  condensed  and 
convenient  form,  for  ready  reference.  In  addition  to  valuable  collections 
of  reference  books,  they  contain  indexed  newspaper  files,  the  indexes  alone 
being  of  priceless  value,  and  indexed  scrap-books,  compiled  at  a  great  out- 
lay of  time  and  money.  They  are  particularly  rich  in  biographical  and 
descriptive  matter.  Some  of  these  libraries  contain  the  biographies  of 
every  person  who  has  appeared  prominently,  either  in  local  or  national 
affairs,  during  the  past  half  century.  Better  still,  for  newspaper  purposes, 
the  antecedents  of  living  men  of  prominence  are  preserved,  and  every  act  of 
a  statesman's  or  a  criminal's  life  may  be  traced  rapidly  upon  occasion. 
These  libraries  also  contain  descriptions  of  the  great  buildings  of  the  coun- 
try, to  be  used  in  case  of  fire;  maps,  engravings,  etc.,  and  scarcely  a  day 
or  a  night  passes  that  reference  to  these  archives  does  not  become  a  neces- 
sity. Among  the  best  of  these  libraries  are  those  collected  by  The  Tribune, 
The  Daily  News,  The  Journal,  The  Herald,  The  Times,  The  Inter- Ocean  and 
The  Stoats  Zeitung.  They  are  in  charge  of  regular  librarians,  selected  from 
the  staffs  of  the  newspapers. 

Northwestern  University  Library.— "Location,  the  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity, Evanston,  111.,  a  suburb  of  Chicago.  [See  Northwestern  University."] 
Most  valuable  is  this  splendid  library,  which  has  grown  from  4,000  volumes, 
in  1870,  to  30,000  volumes  and  8,000  pamphlets,  and  is  still  being  increased. 


352  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Here,  too,  as  in  the  Chicago  University,  Germany  has  been  the  source  whence 
the  great  collection  of  books  was  drawn.  The  chief  portion  of  the  North- 
western's  library  consists  of  20,000  volumes  which  constituted  the  collection 
made  by  Dr.  John  Schultze.  of  Berlin,  at  one  time  Prussian  minister  of  pub- 
lic instruction.  This  collection  was  purchased  and  given  to  the  university 
by  the-  late  Mr.  Greenleaf,  and  was  one  of  the  most  important  donations 
made  to  the  institution.  The  range  of  departments  in  the  library  is  as  wide 
as  the  divisions  of  instruction  in  the  university.  Theology,  medicine  and 
law  each  has  a  complete  and  valuable  special  library  devoted  to  it,  aside 
from  the  general  library,  which  consists  of  about  25,000  volumes.  A  magnifi- 
cent building,  the  gift  of  Mr.  Orrington  Lunt,  of  Evanston,  now  shelters  this 
valuable  collection. 

Press  Club  Library. — A  large  collection  of  reference  and  miscellaneous 
works,  accessible  to  members  only.  [See  "  Press  Chib  of  Chicago."] 

Public  Library. — The  Public  Library  sprang  into  existence  from  the 
ashes  of  the  great  fire,  and  since  then  its  growth  has  been  as  marvelous 
almost  as  the  growth  of  the  city.  Temporary  location,  top  floor  of  the  City 
Hall.  Permanent  location,  Michigan  ave.,  between  Washington  and  Ran- 
dolph sts.  [See  "Buildings"  for  description  of  the  new  home  of  this 
library.]  From  no  other  public  library  in  the  world  are  so  many  books 
issued  annually  to  the  people  for  use  at  home.  The  total  number  of  vol- 
umes in  the  library  May  31,  1892,  was  177,178,  a  net  increase  of  10,703  over  the 
number  reported  the  previous  year.  The  entire  number  of  volumes  entered 
in  the  accession  catalogue  was  14,694,  of  which  12,890  were  bought,  784  were 
donated  and  1,020  were  received  from  the  several  reading  rooms.  The 
accessions  of  pamphlets  numbered  1,613.  There  were  deducted  during  the 
year  from  the  total  number  of  volumes  in  the  library  the  following  items: 
Books  worn  out  and  condemned,  3,559 ;  books  lost  and  paid  for,  285 ;  books 
unaccounted  for  in  the  annual  inventory  of  1890,  114;  books  not  recovered 
from  delinquent  boi*rowers  in  1891,  33.  The  amount  expended  for  books  was 
$15,785.44.  The  aggregate  circulation  of  books  and  periodicals  in  all  depart- 
ments of  the' library  was  2,115,386,  of  which  1,014,331  volumes  were  issued  for 
home  use.  Compared  with  the  circulation  of  the  preceding  year  these  fig- 
ures show  an  increase  of  193,990  in  the  number  of  volumes  circulated,  and 
of  248,032  in  the  number  of  periodicals  issued  in  the  reading  rooms.  The 
circulating  department  was  open  for  the  delivery  of  books  307  days.  The 
daily  average  circulation  for  home  use  was  3,309  volumes  against  3,095  for 
the  previous  year.  The  amount  received  for  fines  from  delinquents  was 
$5,943.31. 

BRANCH  STATIONS.— There  are  now  in  operation  twenty-eight  delivery 
stations,  four  additional  stations  haT  ing  been  established  during  1892. 
The  total  circulation  through  these  stations  was  407,790  volumes,  an  increase 
of  112,910  over  the  preceding  year.  By  means  of  the  delivery  stations  the 
benefits  of  the  library  are  extended  to  a  large  number  of  people  living  at  a 
distance  from  the  main  library.  The  crowded  condition  of  the  rooms  in  the 
circulating  department  is  also  relieved  and  the  library  is  enabled  to  give 
better  and  qnicker  service  to  its  patrons. 

REFERENCE  DEPARTMENT.— In  the  reference  department  110,962  readers 
consTilted  328,101  volumes,  an  increase  of  11,998  in  the  number  of  readers 
and  of  only  482  in  the  number  of  volumes  consulted.  The  collection  of 
American,  English,  French  and  German  patent  reports  in  the  library  has 
been  increased  by  the  addition  of  the  latest  volumes  issued,  making  the 
set  complete.  Some  of  the  best  American  and  English  works  on  the  laws 
of  patents  have  also  been  purchased.  The  number  of  visitors  to  this 
department  was  6,671 ;  the  number  of  volumes  consulted,  19,341.  This  does 
not,  however,  represent  the  entire  use  made  of  the  books,  as  readers  are 
allowed  direct  access  to  many  of  them  on  the  shelves  and  accurate  statis- 
tics cannot  be  kept. 

READING  ROOM. — The  whole  number  of  visitors  to  the  reading-room  in 
the  main  library  was  560,760,  to  whom  548,920  periodicals  were  issued.  The 
average  Sunday  and  holiday  attendance  Avas  760.  The  number  of  serials 


354  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

on  file  was  increased  from  662  to  704  during1  the  year.    The  amount  expended 
for  newspapers  and  periodicals  for  all  the  reading-rooms  was  $3,411. 

BRANCH  READING-ROOMS. — There  are  in  operation  five  branch  reading- 
rooms,  one  additional  room  having  been  established  during  the  year.  Each 
of  these  rooms,  in  addition  to  a  selection  of  the  best  periodicals  and  news- 
papers, has  been  supplied  with  a  collection  of  books  for  reference.  The 
aggregate  attendance  during  the  year  was  134,914;  the  issue  of  periodicals, 
151,997;  and  of  books,  48,906.  The  average  Sunday  and  holiday  attendance 
was  89. 

LIBRARY  CARDS. — The  number  of  persons  holding  two-year  cards,  which 
entitle  them  to  draw  books  for  home  reading  is  48,228,  an  increase  of  4,479 
over  the  number  reported  last  year.  The  total  registration  of  the  year  was 
24,413.  Under  the  regulation  enabling  persons  to  obtain  library  cards  at 
the  delivery  stations  without  calling  in  person  at  the  main  library  9,092 
cards  were  issued. 

MISCELLANEOUS  INFORMATION. — There  are  employed  in  the  service  of  the 
library  ninety-one  persons,  including  evening  attendants,  substitutes,  jani- 
tors, etc.  The  amount  expended  for  salaries  was  157,717.09.  There  were 
sent  to  six  binderies  with  which  the  library  had  contracts,  15,901  volumes. 
There  were  repaired  in  the  library  by  the  attendants,  20,068  volumes.  The 
amount  expended  for  binding  was  $7,079.85.  The  annual  inventory  showed 
232  volumes  unaccounted  for.  Of  the  134  volumes  reported  missing  the  previ- 
ous year  thirty-seven  were  found. 

FOR  ALL  NATIONS. — The  library  is  polyglot  as  to  the  books  and  attend- 
ants. On  the  shelves  are  works  in  English,  German,  French,  Spanish,  Ital- 
ian, Swedish,  Norwegian,  Danish,  Dutch,  Portuguese,  Latin,  Greek,  Hebrew, 
Sanskrit,  Russian,  and  Cherokee.  Not  quite  this  variety  of  tongues  is 
represented  among  the  gentlemen  and  ladies  in  Chicago  of  the  library  and 
its  branches,  but  a  person  would  have  to  speak  some  outlandish  and  rare 
language  indeed  if  he  could  not  find  an  answer  in  his  own  tongue  at  the 
library  desk.  This  arrangement  is  necessary  because  of  the  cosmopolitan 
character  of  Chicago's  population. 

COMPOSITION  OP  THE  LIBRARY. — While  the  object  of  the  library  has  been 
to  meet  the  popular  demand  for  books,  there  has  been  accumulated  a  col- 
lection of  valuable  scientific,  philosophical,  and  classical  works  for  which 
the  general  public  has  no  use  and,  indeed,  of  which  it  has  no  knowledge. 
The  idea  of  late  years  has  been  to  make  the  library  a  "university  of  the 
people  ,"  as  some  one  called  it.  Therefore,  while  fiction — and  much  of  it  of 
the  cheaper  and  less  useful  kind — forms  the  great  bulk  of  the  books  taken 
by  the  public,  there  is  an  increasing  call  for  the  better  class  of  literature. 

Public  Institute  Libraries.— All  of  the  public  institutions  of  Chicago,  the 
jail,  the  hospitals,  the  charitable  institutions,  etc.,  etc.,  contain  libraries. 
These  are  co'mposed  of  volumes  mainly  contributed  by  philanthropic  societies 
and  individuals. 

Pullman  Public  Library.— Located  in  the  wonderful  industrial  town  of 
Pullman,  Chicago.  It  contains  5,000  volumes.  A  splendid  reading  room  is 
attached.  [See  "Pullman."]  The  library  was  founded  for  general  use  and 
therefore  the  books  in  it  are  such  as  the  thousands  of  Pullman  employes 
would  be  likely  to  want.  The  range  of  subjects  is  extensive  and  the  select- 
ion of  authors  judicious. 

Eavenswood  Public  Library. — Located  at  Ravenswood,  within  the  city 
limits.  The  library  contains  over  4,000  volumes  and  is  housed  in  a  substan- 
tial brick  building. 

South  Chicago  Public  Library. — Located  in  the  Bowen  building,  South 
Chicago,  within  the  city  limits.  A  very  handsome  collection  of  works  for 
general  reading. 

St.  Ignatius  College  Library.— Location,  St.  Ignatius  College,  W.  Twelfth 
st.  [See  "St.  Ignatius  College."]  This  college  is  conducted  by  priests  of  the 
Society  of  Jesus  (Jesuit  Fathers).  The  library  contains  15,000  volumes  and 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  355 

5,000  pamphlets,  including  many  valuable  books  sent  to  the  college  from 
the  older  institutions  of  the  order  in  Europe.  The  Greek  and  Latin  clas- 
sics are  represented  by  some  very  rare  editions,  not  surpassed  even  by  the 
gems  in  the  Chicago  University  collection.  Ancient  and  modern,  sacred 
and  profane  history  are  depai'tments  to  which  especial  attention  has  been 
paid.  There  are  some  valuaple  sets  of  the  patriotic  writings,  including  the 
wonderfully  executed  illuminated  manuscripts  of  the  middle  ages. 

Sunday  School  Libraries- — Hardly  without  exception  every  Sunday  school 
in  Chicago  and  vicinity  is  furnished  with  a  library.  Many  of  these  contain 
valuable  works,  aside  from  the  usual  libraries  for  children's  reading. 

Union  Catholic  Library.— Located  at  94  Dearborn  st.  Conducted  by  tho 
Catholic  Library  Association;  founded  in  1868.  Present  membership  350, 
number  of  volumes  2,500.  The  library  rooms  are  fitted  up  comfortably. 
There  is  seating  capacity  for  almost  iOO  persons.  The  association  is  con- 
stantly adding  to  the  number  of  volumes  on  the  shelves  of  its  library.  Open 
from  12  M.  to  6  p.  M.  Sundays  from  3  to  6  p.  M. 

Union  League  Club  Library. — One  of  the  largest  private  collections  of 
general  and  reference  books  in  the  city.  Accessible  to  members  only.  [See 
"  Clubs — Gentlemen's."] 

University  of  Chicago  Library.— Properly  speaking  this  should  be  hrst 
on  the  list,  and  the  alphabetical  arrangement  of  this  work  alone  brings  it 
near  the  bottom.  [See  "University  of  Chicago."]  This  superb  aggregation 
of  books  numbers  280,000  volumes  and  120,000  pamphlets  and  dissertations, 
among  them  some  of  the  rarest  and  costliest  specimens  of  the  printer's  art, 
and  choicest  works  of  the  sages,  poets,  and  savants  of  all  ages.  The  pur- 
chase of  this  library  by  President  Harper  of  the  university  from  S.  Calvary 
&  Co.  of  Berlin  in  November,  1892,  was  an  event  which  attracted  universal 
attention.  The  purchase  price  was  between  $500,000  and  $600,000,  and  the 
transaction  was  the  largest  book  deal  ever  made.  The  location  of  this 
library  here  will  give  the  West  200,000  valuable  books  which  it  has  not  had 
heretofore,  and  it  will  give  the  university  at  once  a  library  richer  in  certain 
great  departments  than  any  other  in  the  country,  and  favorably  comparable 
as  a  whole  with  any  university  library  in  America.  In  this  collection, 
among  other  treasures,  there  are  three  original  letters  of  Raphael,  1,600 
volumes  of  paleography  which  are  very  rare,  65,000  volumes  of  Greek  and 
Roman  archaeological  works,  65,000  volumes  of  Greek  and  Latin  classics,  the 
richest  in  existence,  embracing  all  the  best  editions  since  the  beginning  of 
printing,  and  4,000  volumes  of  general  linguistic  writings,  among  them  the 
valuable  works  of  Lepsius.  Then  there  are  4,000  volumes  of  Greek  and 
Latin  authors  of  modern  times,  3,500  volumes  of  modern  linguistics,  2,500 
volumes  of  history,  including  220  volumes  of  acts  of  parliament  complete 
from  the  beginning,  5,000  works  on  mathematics,  philosophy,  and  astronomy, 
and  1,000  illustrated  works  on  art.  Many  of  the  books  in  this  library  can 
not  be  found  in  either  the  Royal  library  at  Berlin  nor  the  British  Museum. 
Some  of  the  manuscripts  are  of  great  value.  Such,  for  instance,  is  that  of 
La  Freri  Canina,  said  to  be  worth  $8,000.  Altogether  the  collection  is 
unique  in  America  and  not  surpassed  in  the  world. 

Western  Theological  Seminary  Library.— Location,  1113  Washington  blvd. 
[See  "  Western  Theological  Seminary."]  It  comprises  some  6,000  books  and 
several  thousand  pamphlets,  including  all  the  standard  works  on  history, 
theology,  metaphysics,  and  the  classics,  Although  comparatively  a  young 
institution  the  Western  seminary  has  succeeded  in  getting  together  a 
library  that  would  be  creditable  to  an  older  establishment.  It  is  proposed  to 
increase  the  number  of  the  books  as  rapidly  as  possible. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Libraries.— The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  of  Chicago  and  its  branches,  as  well 
as  of  the  suburban  towns,  is  provided  with  Araluable  libraries.  The  library 
of  the  central  Y.  M.  C.  A.  building,  La  Salle  near  Madison  St.,  [see  "  Build- 
ings."] is  one  of  the  finest  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  Connected  with  it  are 
i-eading  rooms,  which  make  it  a  favorite  resort  for  young  and  old  of 
studious  habits,  [See  "  Christian  Organizations."] 


356  GUIDE    TO   CHICAGO. 

LIFE-SAVING  STATIONS. 

Chicago  Life-Saving  Station. — Northwest  corner  of  the  harbor,  upon  Illi- 
nois Central  railroad  land.  It  occupies  40x75  feet.  Plans  are  formed  which 
will  shortly  give  Chicago  the  finest  life-saving  station  in  the  world.  A  per- 
fect life-saving-  station  is  in  operation  at  Jackson  Park  (World's  Fair). 

Evanston  Life-Saving  Station. — Located  on  the  lake  shore  of  the  suburb 
of  Evanston,  on  the  Northwestern  University  grounds.  The  crew  is  com- 
posed of  students  of  the  university.  The  average  age  of  the  members  of  the 
crew  is  twenty-two  years,  but  they  are  all  sturdy,  muscular,  well-formed 
and  fearless  young  men.  The  Evanston  life-saving  station  has  long  been 
recognized  by  the  naval  board  as  one  of  the  finest,  best-drilled  stations  in 
the  country.  It  has  an  enviable  record,  having  saved  and  assisted  to  shore 
over  two  hundred  and  forty-five  human  beings. 

LIGHTHOUSES. 

Chicago  Light. — Chicago  light  is  located  on  the  inner  pier,  north  side  of 
Chicago  river;  was  established  in  1859;  is  a  third  order  fixed  white  light, 
in  a  black  skeleton  iron  tower;  visible  sixteen  miles.  This  is  the  principal 
one  of  seven  lights  maintained  by  the  government  as  aids  to  navigation 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Chicago  river.  This  city  is  in  the  ninth  light-house 
district.  The  eleventh  district  formerly  embraced  the  three  great  lakes — 
Michigan,  Huron,  and  up  to  the  national  line  of  Superior.  The  ninth  is  a 
division  of  the  eleventh  district.  It  includes  all  aids  to  navigation  on  Lake 
Michigan,  Green  Bay  and  tributary  waters  lying  west  of  a  line  drawn 
across  the  Straits  of  Mackinac  at  the  narrowest  part  east  of  McGulpin's 
Point  light  station. 

Crib  and  Breakwater  Lights.— There  are  two  lights  on  the  old  breakwater, 
both  established  in  1876;  one  of  these,  the  south  light,  is  a  fifth  order  light, 
and  the  north  is  a  lens  lantern.  At  the  new  breakwater  there  are  three 
lights,  tubular  lanterns,  tended  by  two  laborers.  The  light  on  the  old  north 
pier  is  a  sixth  order  light,  and  has  a  fog  bell  struck  by  machinery.  Calumet 
light,  at  South  Chicago,  is  on  the  outer  end  of  the  pier  north  of  Calumet 
river,  eleven  miles  southeast  of  Chicago  breakwater.  It  is  a  fourth  order 
light,  red,  thirty-three  feet  above  lake  level,  and  is  visible  about  twelve 
miles,  It  was  established  in  1873.  A  beacon  light  is  eatablished  at  the  old 
crib.  This  light-house  is  provided  and  maintained  by  the  city  of  Chicago. 

Grosse  Point  Light. — The  best  light  and  light-house  near  Chicago  is  that 
at  Grosse  Point,  just  north  of  Evanston.  It  was  established^n  1873,  and  as 
it  now  stands  complete  has  cost  the  Government  more  than  $100,000,  in 
addition  to  the  expense  of  maintenance.  Grosse  Point  light  is  a  second 
order,  fixed  white  coast  light,  varied  by  a  red  flash  every  three  minutes,  the 
regularity  of  the  flashes  being  controlled  by  clock-work.  The  "  lantern  "  is 
a  prismatic  lens,  equaling  in  power  163  candles.  The  tower,  from  the  water's 
level  to  the  center  of  the  lens,  is  120  feet,  being  built  of  brick  and  having 
ninety-nine  piles  placed  beneath  the  stone  foundation. 

MILITARY. 

In  Chicago  are  located  the  headquarters  of  the  military  division  of  the 
Missouri.  The  Department  of  the  Missouri  embraces  the  states  of  Michigan, 
Wisconsin,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Arkansas,  and  Okla- 
homa and  Indian  territories.  A  major  general  of  the  U.  S.  Army  is  in  com- 
mand. He  is  provided  with  a  full  staff  and  complete  headquarters.  Head- 
quarters, Pullman  building. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
CONOVER  PIANO  CO.-OFFICE  AND  SALESROOM. 

[See  "Western  Industry."] 


358  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

FT.  SHERIDAN. — A  United  States  military  post,  situated  on  the  Milwau- 
kee Division  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  railroad,  twenty-five  miles  or 
about  one  hour's  ride  from  the  city.  Take  train  at  Wells  st.  depot,  Wells  and 
Kinzie  sts.,  North  side.  The  situation  of  the  fort,  on  the  north  shore  of 
Lake  Michigan,  is  very  beautiful.  During  the  labor  troubles  of  1887,  and 
the  riots  and  disturbances  of  that  year,  the  attention  of  the  government 
was  called  to  the  necessity  of  establishing  a  military  post  near  Chicago, 
from  which  a  sufficient  force  might  be  summoned,  in  case  of  emergency,  to 
assist  in  maintenance  of  order,  or  in  quelling  unusual  disturbances.  The 
result  of  the  movement  in  Chicago  was  the  purchase,  by  voluntary  sub- 
scription, of  a  magnificent  tract  of  land,  situated  twenty-five  miles  north  of 
the  Court  House,  quickly  accessible  by  railroads,  and  comprising  500  acres. 
The  immediate  proximity  of  Lake  Michigan,  as  well  as  the  topographical 
features  of  this  tract,  made  it  specially  available  for  the  permanent  abode 
of  a  considerable  military  force.  This  land  was  made  a  free  gift  to  the 
National  Government  on  condition  that  a  permanent  military  post  be 
established  on  it.  The  Government  accepted  this  proposition,  and  a  pro- 
visional camp  was  almost  immediately  erected,  and  two  companies  of  the 
Sixth  Infantry  were  stationed  there.  Since  then,  numerous  permanent 
buildings,  officers'  quarters,  barracks,  guard  house,  mess  houses,  stables, 
etc.,  have  been  erected. 

ILLINOIS  NATIONAL  GUARD. — There  are  two  regiments  of  the  Illinois 
National  Guard— the  1st  and  2nd— in  Chicago.  The  headquarters  of  the 
1st  brigade  (State  militia)  are  also  located  here  (Pullman  bldg). 

First  Regiment  I.  N.  G.—  Organized  in  August,  1874.  At  the  first  meeting 
held  in  behalf  of  the  undertaking  forty-eight  men  enrolled  themselves.  In 
January,  1875,  having  grown  into  seven  companies,  the  regiment  took  quar- 
ters on  Lake  st.,  adopted  its  uniform— the  same  it  wears  to-day— and 
received  its  equipment  of  arms  from  Springfield.  In  February  of  that  year 
the  regiment  was  assembled  and  bivouacked  in  the  armory  during  the  Relief 
and  Aid  Society  riotous  demonstration.  On  May  13th  it  made  its  first  public 
appearance,  with  520  men  in  line. .  Since  that  day  its  popularity  has  never 
waned.  In  1877,  during  the  railroad  riots,  the  regiment  twice  dispersed 
mobs  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet  without  firing  a  shot.  In  1878  the  1st 
removed  to  its  armory  on  Jackson  st.  During  the  riots  of  November,  1886, 
at  the  Union  Stock  Yards  and  other  ^points  in  the  city  the  regiment  was 
called  into  service  to  quell  disorder.  Since  then  its  history  has  been  one  of 
peace  and  continued  prosperity.  The  enrollment  at  present  is  650  men. 
Upon  the  rolls  of  the  regiment  is  no  small  number  of  names  which  have  won 
renown  on  bloody  fields.  The  1st  regiment,  with  its  membership  drawn 
from  the  best  young  manhood  of  Chicago,  with  its  enterprise  and  its  suc- 
cess, is  a  credit  to  the  city  and  deserves  the  good  words  and  support  of 
citizens.  Its  colors  are  not  emblazoned  with  the  record  of  battles  won  and 
campaigns  endured.  Scarcely  any  military  body  of  the  world  to-day  in  its 
personnel  can  boast  of  much  service.  When  duty  has  called,  the  1st  has 
been  ready  and  has  responded.  The  possibilities  of  military  usefulness  the 
regiment  can  claim,  the  elements  of  good-  citizenship,  patriotism,  soldiery 
training  need  but  circumstances  demanding  action  to  make  for  it  a  record 
of  heroism. 

ARMORY.— Located  at  the  N.  W.  Cor.  Sixteenth  st.  and  Michigan  ave. 
Take  Wabash  ave.  cable  line.  First  occupied  by  the  Regiment,  Sept.  17, 
1891,  in  celebration  of  the  seventh  anniversary  of  the  completion  of  the 
Regimental  organization.  It  is  perhaps  the  most  massive  structure  in  Chi- 
cago. Heavy  stone  work  rises  on  each  of  the  four  sides  to  the  height  of 
thirty-five  feet,  and  is  unbroken  save  by  the  warlike  sally  port,  through 
which  an  army  might  march  in  company  front.  This  great  doorway  is  in 
feeling  with  the  strength  and  beaiity  of  the  whole.  An  arch  in  form,  it 
spreads  at  the  base  forty  feet  and  supports  a  keystone  thirty-five  feet  above 
the  sidewalk.  The  massive  oak  and  steel  portcullis,  suggesting  memories 
of  a  mediaeval  fortress,  rests  back  of  the  embrasures  in  the  thickness  of  the 
walls,  protected  by  firing  slots  on  both  sides.  Above  the  stonework  the  walls 
are  built  into  battlements,  and  four  turrets  at  the  corners.  Consonant  with 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  359 

the  design  of  the  armory  the  windows  are  narrow  and  strengthened  by  steel 
and  iron,  being  but  well-guarded  ports  for  riflemen.  An  enfilading  fire  can 
be  directed  throughout  the  force  of  each  of  the  four  sides  of  the  structure, 
and  a  force  entering  the  armory  for  refuge  need  fear  nothing  smaller  than 
heavy  artillery.  The  space  covered  by  the  building,  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
four  by  one  hundred  and  seventy-four  feet,  gave  room  for  a  very  large  drill 
hall  on  the  first  floor.  It  is  surrounded  by  gallerie's  for  visitors  and  contains 
the  stairways  reaching  to  the  second  floor,  where  are  the  quarters  of  the 
field  and  staff,  with  separate  and  well  arranged  apartments  for  the  colonel, 
lieutenant-colonel,  adjutant  and  their  orderlies,  for  the  majors,  quarter- 
masters and  orderlies,  the  surgeons  and  orderlies  and  the  chaplain.  Open- 
ing on  the  wide  gallery  are  the  company  quarters  and  above  the  squad 
drill  rooms.  There  is  also  a  banquet  hall,  thirty  by  fifty  feet,  at  the  west 
end  of  the  building,  and  on  the  third  floor  quarters  for  non-commissioned 
officers  and  orderlies  attached  to  special  service,  a  veterans'  room,  a  gymna- 
sium and  a  drum  corps'  room.  Everything  is  in  brick,  stone,  heavy  dark 
oak  and  iron.  The  armory,  which  is  the  best  building  of  the  kind  in  the 
United  States,  was  built  largely  by  subscription,  is  -cared  for  by  a  board 
of  trustees. 

BATTERY  D,  FIRST  ARTILLERY.— Armory  located  on  Michigan  ave.,  north 
of  Exposition  building. 

Second  Begiment,  I.  N.  G.— This  regiment  was  organized  in  1875.  Armor- 
ies located  at  Washington  blvd.  and  Curtis  St.,  and  135  Michigan  ave.  This 
regiment  was  originally  composed  of  ten  companies,  and  its  first  colonel 
was  James  Quirk.  A  few  years  later,  owing  to  the  reduction  of  the  militia 
by  the  legislature,  the  Second  was  consolidated  with  the  Sixth  battalion 
and  the  colonelcy  was  contested  by  the  commandants  of  the  respective 
organizations,  Col.  Quirk,  of  the  old  Second,  and  Col.  W.  H.  Thompson,  of 
the  Sixth,  and.  after  a  spirited  campaign,  the  honor  fell  to  Col.  Thompson. 
The  regiment,  under  Col.  Thompson,  had  varying  fortunes.  In  1881  he 
resigned  and  Col.  Harris  A.  Wheeler  was  elected  to  the  command.  From  this 
important  point  in  its  history  the  success  of  the  regiment  dates.  Col. 
Wheeler  may  well  be  called  the  "Father  of  the  Second."  He  revived  its 
drooping  spirits,  new  recruits  were  brought  in  and  the  personnel  of  the 
command  improved ;  but  the  work  of  bringing  order  out  of  chaos  was  tre- 
mendous, and  only  the  old-timers  of  the  Second  can  appreciate  the  value  and 
amount  of  work  that  was  done  by  "the  grand  old  man."  Hampered  by  a 
miserable  barracks,  the  regiment  had  dwindled  down  in  numbers,  and, 
poorly  uniformed,  it  is  a  wonder  that  it  lived  at  all.  But  the  men  and  officers 
were  made  of  the  right  stuff,  and  the  small  glimmer  of  hope  that  had  led 
them  on  burst  into  the  flame  of  realization  and  success.  The  first  important 
work  of  Col.  Wheeler  was  the  establishment  of  the  regiment  in  its  present 
home  at  Washington  blvd.  and  Curtis  St.,  where  the  command,  after  its 
wanderings,  found  a  permanent  abiding  place.  The  regiment  is  thoroughly 
equipped,  having  both  fatigue  and  regulation  dress  uniforms.  It  is  the 
largest  command  in  the  West  and  is  in  every  sense  of  the  word  a  first-class 
national  guard  organization. 

SECOND  REGIMENT  BAND.— This  splendid  organization  numbers  ninety 
pieces,  including  field  music  (the  drum,  fife  and  bugle  corps).  Band-master 
Fred  Weldon  is  the  moving  spirit,  and  the  high  artistic  standing  of  the  band 
is  due  to  his  efforts  and  ability. 

Cavalry  Troop  A.—  Only  troop  of  cavalry  belonging  to  Illinois  National 
Guard.  Organized  June  3,  1891.  ,  Headquarters  135  Michigan  ave.,  numbers 
63  men.  Each  man  in  this  company  owns  his  own  horse. 

Other  Military  Organizations.— It  is  estimated  that  there  are  50,000  thor- 
oughly drilled  men  in  Chicago,  outside  of  the  regular  organizations,  who, 
in  an  emergency  would  be  qualified  to  take  the  field  as  trained  soldiers. 
CHICAGO  HUSSARS. — A  military  organization  that  has  made  remarkable 
progress.  A  few  years  ago  the  company  was  practically  unknown,  but  by 
the  judicious  management  of  its  officers  it  now  appears  before  the  people 
as  one  of  the  finest  private  military  organizations  in  the  country.  After  con- 


360  GUIDE    TO   CHICAGO. 

sidering  many  offers  of  ground  for  the  erection  of  their  new  armory,  Ed- 
win L.  Brand,  commander  of  the  company,  purchased  a  site  on  Thirty-fifth 
st.,  near  Cottage  Grove  ave.  The  lot  is  100x230  feet,  which  space  is  entirely 
covered  by  the  buildings.  The  club  house  is  the  finest  of  its  kind  in  the 
world,  and  is  a  combination  of  a  club  house,  armory,  riding  school  and 
stables.  In  addition  to  the  regular  drills  there  are  riding  classes  formed. 
The  members  are  taught  the  regular  methods  of  military  riding,  saber  ex- 
ercise, and  fencing  by  a  corps  of  competent  instructors. 

CHICAGO  ZOUAVES. — The  leading  Zouave  company  of  the  country,  having 
met  and  defeated  all  the  other  crack  Zouave  companies  in  the  United  States 
in  competitive  prize  drills.  This  company  was  first  organized  as  company  I 
of  the  old  Second  Regiment  by  Capt.  Thos.  J.  Ford,  Dec.  3d,  1877.  Their  last 
parade  as  a  company  of  the  Second  occurring  on  Decoration  day  of  1881, 
immediately  after  which  time  they  disbanded  and  reorganized  under  the 
above  name,  making  their  first  appearance  in  their  handsome  new  uniforms 
on  Decoration  day,  1882.  It  was  prophesied  then  that  Chicago  had  a  com- 
pany of  Zouaves  that  would  in  the  near  future  fill  the  vacancy  caused  bv 
the  disappearance  of  the  once  noted  Ellsworth  Zouaves.  The  armory  is 
located  on  Centre  ave.,  between  Jackson  and  Van  Burc-n  sts.  Composed  of 
rough  Bedford  sand-stone  and  pressed  brick ;  three  stories  in  height,  72x115 
feet  in  dimensions  and  in  modern  style  of  architecture.  The  interior  finish 
throughput  is  of  Georgia  pine.  The  ground  and  buildings  cost  $25,000.  The 
completion  of  this  armory  provided  the  Zouaves  with  a  home  for  the  first 
time  since  their  organization.  From  1878  to  1882,  when  Company  "I"  of  the 
old  Second  Infantry,  they  were  quartered  with  that  regiment,  but  after 
becoming  an  independent  organization,  they  possessed  no  quarters  which 
they  could  call  their  own.  They  were  stationed  for  a  long  time  at  battery  D. 

EVANSTON  ZOUAVES.— A  military  organization  of  the  suburb  of  Evanston, 
composed  of  young  boys  of  good  families,  their  age  running  from  13  to  17 
years.  It  is  an  independent,  self-supporting  military  company.  Organized 
in  1886  as  the  "Evanston  Cadets,"  and  were  connected  with  the  junior  gym- 
nasium class  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  Upton's  tactics 
was  their  text-book,  and  they  were  thoroughly  instructed  in  the  regulation 
manual  of  arms  and  school  of  the  company.  Their  first  public  appearance 
was  made  in  Chicago  in  the  fall  of  '87,  when  they  participated  in  the  great 
Cleveland  street  parade  as  proteges  of  the  Chicago  Zouaves.  The  Zouaves 
muster  about  thirty-six  strong.  The  company's  armory  is  in  Lyon's  hall  on 
Davis  st.,  and  it  holds  regular  weekly  drills  on  Wednesday  nights. 

HIBERNIAN  RIFLES. — A  perfectly  equipped  and  drilled  company,  composed 
of  young  Irish- Americans. 

GARIBALDI  GUARDS. — An  Itailian  military  organization. 

GERMAN  VETERANS. — An  organization  composed  of  German- Americans, 
who  have  served  in  the  armies  of  their  native  land. 

CLAN-NA-GAEL  GUARDS. — A  splendidly  drilled  military  organization  con- 
nected with  the  Clan-Na-Gael  society. 

COOK'S  CHICAGO  LANCERS.— Comprising  two  companies. 

ELLSWORTH'S  CHICAGO  ZOUAVES. — The  famous  Ellsworth  Zouaves  of  Chi- 
cago were  the  successors  of  the  National  Guard  Cadets,  organized  in  1856, 
when  on  the  point  of  dissolution,  Col.  Ellsworth  re-organized  the  company 
(May,  1858)  under  the  name  of  United  States  Zouave  Cadets.  In  1860  the 
Zouaves,  who  came  to  be  known  as  Ellsworth's,  made  a  tour  of  the  country, 
and  were  pronounced  the  finest  military  company  in  the  country.  The  Zou- 
aves went  out  of  existence  shortly  after  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion,  when 
its  members  became  scattered.  Ellsworth  was  killed  on  May  24,  1861,  by  J. 
W.  Jackson,  the  proprietor  of  the  Marshall  House  at  Alexandria,  Va.  There 
is  now  in  existence  a  military  company  in  Chicago  bearing  the  same  name. 

SCOTTISH  GUARDS. — Among  the  military  companies  organized  in  con 
nection  with  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  is  one  composed  of  Scotch 
men,  principally  Highlanders.  The  full  quota  of  100  men  appear  in  line, 
every  one  of  whom  is  six  ieet  or  over  in  height.  The  tartan  of  the  Stuarts 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

LOOKING  SOUTH  ON  LA  SALLE  FROM  RANDOLPH  ST, 

[See  "Guide."] 


362  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

is  the  uniform  selected,  because  it  does  not  represent  any  particular  Scot- 
tish clan.  The  color  is  a  bright  scarlet  interspersed  with  fine  lines  of  dark 
blue  and  green,  forming  large  checks.  The  jacket  is  of  black  velvet  with 
lace  and  trimmings  of  silver.  Silver  buckles  are  also  worn.  Hand-knit 
plaid  hose  are  a  part  of  the  uniform,  and  these,  together  with  the  plaids, 
are  imported.  The  claymore,  or  two-edged  broadsword  with  the  basket 
handle,  has  also  been  imported  as  a  part  of  the  equipment  of  the  company. 
The  idea  was  to  clothe  and  equip  this  company  in  imitation,  as  nearly  as 
possible,  of  the  Scottish  clans  existing  at  the  time  of  the  Stuarts. 

VETERAN  SOCIETIES. — Chicago  Association  of  Union  Ex  -  Prisoners  of 
War.— Meets  third  Mondays  at  Grand  Pacific.  Chicago  Board  of  Trade 
Battery  Memorial  Association. — Meets  at  Armory,  1st  Cavalry  Regiment. 
Chicago  Mercantile  Battery  Veteran  Association.— Meets  at  4  Lake  st.  Chi- 
cago Union  Veteran  Club. — Meets  second  Mondays  at  Grand  Pacific.  Dan- 
ish Veteran  Society.— Meets  second  and  fourth  Fridays  at  432  Milwaukee 
ave.  Eighty-second  Illinois  Veteran  Society. — Meets  first  Sundays  at  Staats 
Zeitung  bldg.  Mexican  War  Veterans. — Meets  fourth  Sundays  at  Grand 
Pacific  Hotel.  McClellan  Veteran  Club.— Room  14,  40  Dearborn  st. ;  open 
daily.  Nineteenth  Illinois  Veteran  Club. — Meets  second  Sundays,  2:30  P.M., 
at  104  Randolph  st.,  second  floor.  Taylor's  Battery  Veteran  Association. — 
Meets  at  call  of  secretary.  Twenty-fourth  Illinois  Veteran  Society. — Meets 
first  Sundays  at  2  P.M.,  171  N.  Clark  st.  Veteran  Union  League.— 304  Dear- 
born st.,  rooms  third  floor;  open  daily;  regular  meetings  first  Wednesdays. 

MISCELLANEOUS  INFORMATION. 

Abattoirs.— Greatest  in  the  world.  Union  Stock  Yards ;  take  S.  Halsted 
or  S.  State  st.  car  or  C.,  R.  I.  &  P.  trains.  [See  "Union  Stock  Yards."] 

Abstracts  of  Titles. — The  compilations  and  abridged  evidences  of  owner- 
ship of  land  peculiar  to  the  State  of  Illinois  with  the  encumbrances,  liens, 
clouds  or  defects  in  the  titles  to  real  estate  as  these  appear  of  record,  are 
commonly  known  as  "Abstracts  of  Title  "  in  the  western  states.  The  first 
to  enter  into  the  business  of  making  abstracts  of  title  in  Chicago  was  James 
H,  Rees,  who,  as  far  back  as  1836,  was  "Surveyor  of  the  town  of  Chicago." 
He  inaugurated  the  present  system  about  the  year  1849  in  conjunction  with 
Edward  A.  Rucker,  an  attorney-at-law,  whose  brother,  Henry  L.,  was  an 
alderman  of  that  day.  The  firm  of  Rees  <fe  Rucker  was  changed  to  Reese  & 
Chase  in  1852;  Mr.  Reese  taking  into  partnership  Mr.  Samuel  B.  Chase,  the 
"working  clerk"  pf  the  old  firm,  who  soon  after  associated  himself  with  his 
brothers,  Horace' G.  and  Charles  C.  Chase.  They  carried  on  the  business, 
Mr.  Rees  retiring  from  the  concern,  under  the  name  of  Chase  Bros,  up  to 
the  time  of  the  great  fire  of  1871.  A  new  set  of  "tract  indices,"  as  these 
books  are  now  called,  were  opened  by  Hasbrook  Davis  and  J.  Mason  Parker, 
in  1852.  They  made  but  few  abstracts,  however,  as  they  soon  sold  their 
books  to  Thomas  B.  Bryan,  who  again  sold  a  half  interest  to  John  Borden. 
Bryan  <fe  Borden  leased  their  books  to  Wm.  W.  Page,  John  G.  Shortall  and 
Henry  H.  Handy,  but  subsequently,  in  1856.  sold  them  to  Geeenebaum  &  Guth- 
man,  who  continued  the  business  under  their  name  until  the  books  were 
finally  sold  to  John  G.  Shortall  and  John  N.  Staples,  who  made  abstracts 
under  the  firm  name  of  John  G.  Shortall  &  Co.  until  Mr.  Shortall  associated 
himself  with  Louis  D.  Hoard,  the  then  ex-recorder  of  Cook  county,  when 
the  firm  became  Shortall  &  Hoard,  which  continued  up  to  within  about  a 
month  of  the  fire,  when  the  books  were  leased  to  Henry  H.  Handy  and  Fran- 
cis Pasdeloup.  Another  set  of  books  had  in  the  meantime  been  started  by 
Fernando  Jones  &  Co.,  which  firm  made  abstracts  until  it  changed  to  Jones  & 
Sellers,  with  Mr.  Alfred  H.  Sellers  as  active  manager  until  the  fire. 
There  were  also  a  number  of  persons  engaged  in  making  abstracts  be- 
fore the  fire  who  neither  owned  tract  books  nor  used  those  belong- 
ing to  other  firms,  but  who  worked  from  the  general  indices  in  the 
public  offices.  One  of  the  most  reliable  experts  of  this  class  was 
A.  F.  C.  Mueller,  who  made  many  abstracts  and  who  afterward  asso- 
ciated himself  with  Uriah  R.  Havvley,  a  lawyer  (whilom  clerk  of  the 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  3C3 

Court  of  Common  Pleas,  now  the  Superior  Court) , under  the  name  of  Mueller  & 
Hawley.  Their  work  was  all  done  by  themselves  personally  and  enjoyed  full 
confidence  although  they  made  all  their  searches  directly  from  the  records 
by  means  of  the  general  public  indices  of  that  day.  Mr.  Mueller  made  no 
abstracts  after  the  fire.  Mr.  Hawley  died  many  years  ago  while  filling  a 
very  responsible  position  in  the  Chicago  post  office.  A.  D.  Wilmanns,  for  a 
number  of  years,  up  to  about  the  close  of  the  war,  made  abstracts  by  means 
of  the  public  indices  until  he  obtained  privileges  from  Chase  Bros,  for  the 
use  of  their  books.  He  afterward  became  associated  with  Francis  Pasde- 
loup.  Wilmanns  &  Pasdeloup  continued  for  some  years,  using  the  books  of 
Shortall  &  Hoard  up  to  September  1,  1871,  when  Mr.  Pasdeloup  withdrew  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  Henry  H.  Handy,  as  Handy  &  Pasdeloup,  who 
secured  a  lease  of  the  books  of  Shortall  <fe  Hoard ;  which  lease,  however,  was 
allowed  to  be  abrogated  by  the  great  fire.  All  of  these  parties  made 
abstracts  which  are  to  this  day  current  in  the  market.  There  were,  before 
the  fire,  a  few  other  persons,  employes  of  the  recorder's  office,  who  made 
abstracts  of  title  in  their  overtime  from  the  records  direct.  William  H. 
Haase,  wrho  called  himself  a  conveyancer,  and  Charles  Drandroff,  employed 
in  the  real  estate  department  of  the  banking  house  of  F.  A.  Hoffman,  and 
later  a  firm,  Alexander  Dixon  &  Co.,  made  some  few  abstracts,  which,  how- 
ever, in  their  day  failed  to  inspire  confidence  among  professional  examiners 
or  the  public.  The  great  fire  of  18/1  played  havoc  with  the  business  of 
abstract  making.  All  the  records  were  destroyed  and  the  sets  of  indices 
owned  by  the  private  firms,  but  only  partly  saved,  were  the  only  salvation. 
Each  of  the  firms  at  first  endeavored  to  continue  business  on  their  own 
account.  Neither  of  them,  however,  had  saved  enough  of  their  private 
books,  and  so  it  became  a  necessity  to  form  a  combination  to  make  up  a  full 
set.  The  public  generally,  unaware  of  the  true  condition  of  things  at  the 
time,  made  quite  a  stir  against  what  many  at  first  believed  to  be  a  mere 
trick  to  form  a  dangerous  monopoly,  but  the  pool  of  books  was  made  and 
they  were  then  leased  to  Handy,  Simmons  &  Co.,  over  whose  signature 
abstracts  were  then  issued.  The  successors  of  this  firm  afterward  became 
Handy  &  Co.,  who  have  since  merged  in  "The  Title  Guarantee  and  Trust 
Co.,"  which  now  controls  all  the  ante-fire  abstract  books  in  the  county. 
Immediately  after  the  fire  A.  D.  Wilmanns  at  first  re-associated  himself 
with  Francis  Pasdeloup,  doing  business  with  him  until  the  latter's  death, 
shortly  after  the  fire,  when  he  associated  himself  with  Henry  Thielcke,  an 
ante-fire  clerk  of  Chase  Bros.,  laying  out  a  set  of  indices  from  October  9, 1871, 
onward.  The  firm  of  Wilmanns  &  Thielcke  continued  to  make  abstracts 
until  the  summer  of  1875,  when  their  set  of  books  was  sold  to  the  county 
and  placed  in  the  recorder's  office,  where  they  have  remained  ever  since, 
and  where  abstracts  are  now  made  from  them  by  the  recorder  under  special 
enactments  by  the  legislature.  In  the  winter  of  1872  3  Mr.  Chas.  G.  Had- 
dock, Mr.  E.  D.  Coxe  and  Mr.  Frank  H.  Vallette  began  work  upon  a  new  set 
of  books  from  the  fire  down.  They  soon  after  commenced  making  abstracts 
under  the  firm  name  of  Haddock,  Coxe  &  Co.,  which  has  since  been  changed 
to  Haddock,  Vallette  <fe  Rickords,  Mr.  Coxe  having  disposed  of  his  interest 
to  Mr.  George  E.  Rickords.  This  firm,  has  been  since  changed  and  its 
business  is  now  carried  on  under  the  name  of  Haddock,  Vallette  & 
Rickords  Co.  After  the  transfer  of  the  books  of  Wilmanns  &  Thielcke 
to  the  county,  C.  C.  Gilmore,  a  most  competent  abstractor,  and  one  Pol- 
lock for  a  year  or  more  made  abstracts  as  Gilmore,  Pollock  <fe  Co.,  using 
the  books  of  the  county.  C.  C.  Gilmore  had  also  previously  made  quite  a 
number  of  abstracts  over  his  own  signature  from  these  books  while  they 
were  still  owned  by  Wilmanns  &  Thielcke.  In  1878  Otto  Peltzer,  the  compiler 
and  publisher  of  "Peltzer's  Atlas  of  Chicago,"  whose  professional  work  as 
a  draughtsman  had  been  entirely  in  connection  with  the  land  titles  and 
records  of  the  county  and  city  in  various  positions  since  1853,  and  who  had 
just  then  resigned  his  position  of  deputy  recorder  and  superintendent  of 
the  abstract  department  of  the  county,  embarked  in  the  abstract  business 
for  himself  in  conjunction  with  a  number  of  experts  formerly  employed  by 
the  recorder.  He  first  entered  into  a  contract  with  Haddock,  Coxe  <fe  Co., 
for  access  to  their  books,  which  he  used  for  six  years,  after  which  time  he 


364  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

made  use  of  the  county's  indices.  In  connection  with  his  business  as  gen- 
eral abstract  maker,  Mr.  Peltzer  also  included  the  examining-  of  titles  for 
purchasers,  issuing  written  "Opinions  of  Title,"  and  as  the  patronage  in 
this  line  and  the  confidence  reposed  in  these  "opinions"  increased  so 
rapidly  in  time,  he  has  devoted  himself  exclusively  to  this  class  of  work 
since  about  1888,  making  but  few  abstracts  since  then.  The  latest  abstract 
concern  is  "The  Cook  County  Abstract  Company,"  which  commenced  oper- 
ations in  May,  1888.  It  is  now  known  as  the  "Chicago  Title  &  Trust  Co." 
This  concludes  the  entire  list  of  regularly  established  persons  and  firms 
engaged  in  abstract  making  in  this  city  before  and  since  the  fire  of  1871. 

Ambulances. — Ambulances  may  be  called  from  the  patrol  boxes  located 
throughout  the  city  at  street  intersections,  or  by  telephones  51  (Harrison  st. 
Police  Station),  194  (Reporter's  Room  Police  Department),  340  (Mayor's 
office),  358  (Superintendent  of  Police),  447  (Department  of  Health),  371  (Chi- 
cago ave.  Police  Station),  4168  (Desplaines  st.  Police  Station),  237  (Twenty- 
second  st.  Police  Station),  83  (Maxwell  st.  Police  Station),  797  (Halsted  st. 
Police  Station).  Any  policeman  or  employe  of  the  city  or  private  citizen 
will  call  ambulance  or  police  patrol  when  necessity  arises. 

Anarchy  in  Chicago. — For  the  benefit  of  foreign  visitors  and  strangers 
generally  it  may  be  well  enough  to  say  that  anarchy  in  Chicago  received  its 
death-blow  on  the  llth  day  of  November,  1887,  when  four  of  the  leading 
anarchists  of  the  city  were  executed  at  the  county  jail.  The  monster  has  not 
shown  its  teeth  here  since.  There  has  been  no  riot  in  Chicago  since  May  4, 
1886. 

Baggage. — Baggage  checks  are  given  by  agents  of  Parmelee  to  passen- 
gers arriving  on  all  trains.  Single  trunks  are  delivered  to  hotels  or  trans- 
ferred to  other  railroad  depots  or  delivered  at  private  residences  within  a 
circuit  of  five  miles  of  the  city's  center  at  25  cents.  Each  additional  trunk, 
25  cents.  Rates  to  outlying  points  are  slightly  increased.  [See"  Part  I."] 

Banks  Worth  Visiting.— All  of  the  national  and  state  and  many  of  the 
private  banking  houses  are  worthy  of  a  visit  from  strangers.  Some  of  them 
are  magnificently  fitted.  The  great  banking  houses  are  located  in  the  business 
center  and  may  be  visited  between  the  hours  of  10  a.  m.  and  4  p.  m.  daily, 
except  on  Saturdays  during  the  summer  months  when  they  close  at  1  p.  m. 

Baths. — Public  bath-houses  are  located  along  the  lake  shore.  Natator- 
iums  are  located  on  W.  Madison  st.  near  Loomis  and  on  N.  Clark  st.  north  of 
Washington  pi.  A  great  natatorium  is  also  in  operation  at  the  World's  Fair 
grounds,  Midway  Plaisance.  Swimming  baths  may  be  had  at  the  Chicago 
Athenaeum.  Turkish,  Russian  and  plain  bathing  may  be  had  at  all  of  the 
leading  hotels  and  in  numerous  bath-houses  located  throughout  the  city. 

Beer  and  Breweries. — There  are  forty-six  breweries  within  the  city  of 
Chicago,  but  large  supplies  of  beer  are  received  from  Milwaukee  and  other 
points.  The  output  of  Chicago  breweries  is  about  3,000,000  barrels  per  annum. 
The  capital  employed  is  about  $12,000,000.  There  are  about  2,500  persons 
employed  in  the  breweries.  The  product  is  valued  at  about  $12,000,000  per 
annum.  The  consumption  of  beer  in  Chicago  is  almost  equal  to  the  output. 
Beer  gardens  are  located  throughout  the  city.  Some  of  the  most  attractive 
are  located  at  Lincoln  Park,  North  side.  Concerts  are  given  in  these 
gardens.  The  North  side  Turner  hall  is  a  favorite  Sunday  afternoon  resort. 
Excellent  music  is  furnished. 

Bird's  Eye  Views. — Bird's  eye  views  of  Chicago  may  be  had  from  the  roof 
garden  of  the  Masonic  Temple  (25  cts.),  the  tower  of  the  Auditorium  (25cts.), 
or  the  tower  of  the  Board  of  trade  (free).  Many  towers  at  this  writing  are 
planned  or  in  course  of  erection  to  be  located  in  the  vicinity  of  the  World's 
Fair  and  at  other  points  throughout  the  city.  Splendid  views  of  the  city  on 
clear  days  may  be  obtained  from  the  upper  stories  of  the  great  office  build- 
ings in  the  center  of  the  city. 

Board  of  Trade  Corners.— The  vicinity  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  Jackson 
st.,  foot  of  La  Salle  st.  and  Pacific  ave.,  presents  an  animated  scene  daily. 
Curbstone  trading  is  indulged  in  when  th<> regular  board  is  closed. 


S66  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Board  of  Trade  Gallery.—  Board  of  Trade  bldg.,  foot  of  La  Salle  st.,  in 
business  center.  Open  daily  during  tracing  hours;  best  time  for  a  visit 
between  10  a.  m.  and  noon,  and  between  1  and  2  p.  m. 

Board  of  Trade,  Open.— Pacific  ave.,  opposite  Board  of  Trade.  An  inter- 
esting place  for  male  visitors  during  trading  hours,  or  between  10  a.  m.  and 
12  noon,  and  between  1  p.  m.  and  3  p.  m.  daily.  Operations  sometimes  very 
heavy  and  excitement  during  a  fluctuating  market  great. 

Boating  and  Yachting. — Lake  Michigan  is  not  altogether  safe  for  ama- 
teur boatsmen  or  sailors.  Sudden  squalls  result  in  frequent  disasters. 
Under  the  guidance  of  professional  boatsmen  and  sailors,  however,  sailing1 
may  be  indulged  in  safely.  Amateurs  will  do  well  to  confine  their  boating 
to  the  park  lakes.  Calumet  Lake  is  an  attractive  sheet  of  water.  There 
are  numerous  beautiful  lakes  within  six  hours  of  Chicago.  These  are  located 
principally  in  southern  Wisconsin  on  the  lines  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  and  the  Wisconsin  Central  railways.  [See  "Clubs— Athletics,"  etc.] 

Bucket  Shops.— Bucket  shops  are  to  be  found  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
Board  of  Trade  district.  These  are  houses  where  grain  and  produce  are 
made  the  excuse  for  wagers.  The  stranger  may  visit  them  to  satisfy  his 
curiosity. 

Building  and  Loan  Associations.— The  building  and  loan  associations  of 
Cook  county,  which  have  complied  with  the  state  law  regarding  the  returns 
of  annual  reports  to  the  state  auditor,  have  assets  footing  up  the  enormous 
sum  of  $35,338,000.  Of  the  232  organizations  which  made  report  twenty-six 
are  located  outside  of  the  city  proper.  There  have  been  very  few  failures 
on  the  part  of  building  and  loan  associations  to  carry  out  the  purposes  for 
which  they  are  organized;  and  still  fewer  evidences  of  dishonesty  or 
extravagance  in  their  management.  As  a  rule  they  have  made  large 
returns  to  their  stockholders,  while  they  have  accomplished  wonders  in  the 
way  of  building  homes  for  the  industrious.  Some  of  these  associations 
have  paid  immense  dividends. 

Chicago  Edison  Power  Houses.— North  side  station  located  on  the  New- 
berry  Library  grounds,  in  the  rear  of  the  library,  on  Oak  st.,  between  Dear- 
born ave.  and  Clark  st.  The  po  ^er  house  is  of  large  dimensions,  extending 
fifteen  feet  below  ground  and  as  many  feet  above.  This  power  house  is 
intended  to  supply  the  entire  North  division  of  the  city  with  electric  illumin- 
ation, heat  and  power.  The  cost  of  this  improvement  was  $500,000.  The  area 
served  extends  from  the  northern  limit  of  Lincoln  Park  to  Ohio  st.,  on  the 
scuth,  and  from  Wells  st.  to  the  lake.  What  is  known  as  low  tension  current 
of  110  volts  is  used.  This  is  said  to  be  perfectfy  harmless,  as  it  takes  500 
volts  to  kill  a  healthy  person.  Only  incandescent  lights  are  furnished.  Light 
and  power  are  obtained  from  the  same  wire.  The  light  costs  one  cent  a 
burning  hour  for  each  sixteen-candle  power  lamp,  less  a  cash  discount 
based  on  and  increasing  with  the  amount  used.  Electric  fans  may  be  run 
also  in  connection  with  light  and  heat.  Among  the  novelties  connected  with 
the  introduction  of  this  immense  plant  are  mentioned  electric  curry-combs, 
which  are  furnished  to  stables,  and  shampoo  brushes  to  barber  shops; 
revolving  brushes  can  be  used  in  the  kitchen  for  cleaning  purposes;  flat- 
irons  can  be  kept  always  heated  to  be  used  in  the  laundries.  Hundreds  of 
other  labor-saving  devices  come  within  the  scope  of  the  plans  of  the  Edison 
company.  The  main  plant  is  located  at  Harrison  st.,  at  the  river.  This 
plant  furnishes  the  South  side  in  a  similar  manner.  •'  A  similar  system  will 
be  in  operation  on  the  West  side  before  the  close  of  1893. 

China  Town. — That  portion  of  S.  Clark  st.  south  of  Van  Buren  for  about 
three  blocks,  is  nick-named  "China  Town"  because  of  the  great  number  of 
Celestials  to  be  found  there.  Many  stores  are  conducted  by  the  Chinese  and 
some  of  the  Chinamen  are  said  to  be  wealthy. 

Chrysanthemum  Show.— Under  the  auspices  of  the  Chrysanthemum 
Society;  held  annually  in  November,  usually  at  one  of  the  largest  halls  or 
military  armories.  Handsome  prizes  are  given  for  the  best  exhibits. 

City  Charter.— A.  movement  looking  to  a  revision  of  the  city  charter,  so 
as  to  provide  for  two  houses  of  the  city  council,  instead  of  one,  as  now,  is 
being  fostered  by  the  real  estate  board. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  307 

City  Express  and  Baggage  Telephones.—  Blakeslee's,  106-110  Western  ave, 
(West  886) ;  Brink's,  88  Washington  (Main  1764) ;  Brink's,  132-138  W.  Monroe 
(Main  3712) ;  Converse's,  564  W.  Madison  (West  578) ;  Hebarel,  330  Winchester 
ave.  (West  283) ;  Jones'  2221  Gottage  Grove  ave.  (South  416) ;  Merchants', 
90  Jackson  (Main  335) ;  Merchants'  Parcel  Delivery,  27  Qnincy  (Main  454) ; 
Merchants'  Parcel  Delivery,  146  Pacific  ave.  (Main  2562). 

"  Crib,"  The. — The  original  crib  is  situated  about  two  miles  out  in  Lake 
Michigan,  almost  directly  east  of  the  foot  of  Chicago  ave.  All  of  the  cribs 
in  Lake  Michigan  may  be  reached  by  excursion  steamers;  fare,  25  cents  for 
round  trip.  The  tunnel  which  is  supplied  with  water  through  this  crib  is 
to  be  extended  two  miles  farther  out  in  the  lake.  [See  "  Water  Works."] 

Detective  Agencies.— The  leading  detective  agencies  are:  Bonfield 
Detective  Agency,  120, 122,  and  124  La  Salle  st. ;  Mooney  &  Boland  Detective 
Agency,  La  Salle  and  Monroe  sts. ;  Pinkerton's  National  Detective  Agency, 
199-201  Fifth  ave. ;  Thiel's  Detective  Service,  218  The  Temple. 

Distance  of  Chicago  from  other  Principal  Cities.—  Chicago  is  distant  from 
Montreal,  Canada,  842  miles,  time,  29  hours;  from  Portland,  Me.,  1,255  miles, 
time,  40  hours;  from  Boston,  1,150,  miles,  time,  32  hours;  from  New  York,  9ii 
miles,  time,  26  hours;  from  Philadelphia,  822  miles,  time,  24  hours;  from 
Baltimore,  854  miles,  time,  27  hours;  from  Washington,  811  miles,  time  26 
hours ;  from  New  Orleans,  915  miles,  time,  36  hours-;  from  the  City  of  Mexico, 
2,600  miles,  time,  5  days;  from  San  Francisco,  2,450,  miles,  time,  3L4  days; 
from  Vancouver,  B.  C.,  2,350  miles,  time,  4 14  days.  The  time  between  Queens- 
town,  Ireland,  and  New  York  is  now  made  by  the  average  ocean  steamer  in 
less  than  seven  days.  The  time  from  Queenstown  to  Chicago  would  there- 
fore be  about  8V2  days;  from  Dublin,  Ireland,  9  days;  from  Belfast,  Ireland, 
9*2  days;  from  Liverpool,  England,  9  days;  from  London,  England,  91/2  days; 
from  Edinburg,  Scotland,  10  days ;  from  Glasgow,  Scotland  (via  Liverpool  and 
Queenstown),  10  days;  from  Havre  (direct),  9  days;  from  Paris  (via  Havre), 
19  days;  from  Bremen  (via  Southampton),  9  days;  from  Berlin  (via  Bre- 
men or  Hamburg),  11  days,  (via  Calais,  Dover,  Liverpool  and  Queenstown), 
10  days;  from  Vienna  (via  Bremen),  11  days;  from  Rome  (via  Marseilles, 
Bologna,  Liverpool  and  Queenstown),  15;  from  Madrid,  via  Lisbon,  .direct, 
12  days,  (via  rail  to  Havre,  and  via  Havre  by  steamship  direct),  16  days, 
(via  Liverpool  and  Queenstown),  15  days;  from  St.  Petersburg  (via  Havre, 
Bremen  or  Hamburg),  about  16  days. 

Dry  Docks. — There  are  many  £reat  dry  docks  in  Chicago.  Ship  building 
companies  are  located  on  the  Calumet  river.  Some  of  the  largest  steel  and 
wooden  vessels  plying  the  lakes  are  turned  out  at  these  ship  yards. 

Elevation  of  Railroad  Tracks. — A  vigorous  movement  looking  to  the  ele- 
vation of  all  the  railroad  lines  entering  Chicago  is  being  fostered  by  the  real 
estate  board.  It  is  probable  that  within  a  very  few  years  the  Torrance  ele- 
vated station  on  State  st.  will  be  ready  to  receive  nearly  all  the  lines  enter- 
ing the  city  from  the  south. 

Elgin  National  Watch  Company.— Located  at  Elgin,  111.,  42  miles  from  the 
city.  This  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  as  well  as  the  most  interesting 
industries  carried  on  in  Chicago  or  vicinity.  Some  idea  of  its  character  may 
be  obtained  from  the  fact  that  three  thousand  hands  are  employed  in 
the  works;  and  that  a  daily  average  of  1,800  watch  movements  are  turned 
out-running  in  value  from  $4  to  $90. 

Express  Companies,  Location  and  Telephones.— Adams  Express  Co.,  187 
Dearborn  st.,  (Main  157) ;  American  Express  Co.,  76  Monroe  St.,  (Main  522) ; 
American  Express  Co.,  branch  office  1206  Milwaukee  ave.,  (West  579); 
American  Express  Co.,  branch  office  992  W.  Madison  (West  327) ;  American 
Express  Co.,  barn,  Clinton  and  Sebor,  (Main  3955) ;  American  Express  Co., 
branch  office  846  Root  st.,  (Yards  772) ;  American  Express  Co.,  branch  office 
295  35th  st.  (Oakland  129) ;  National  Express  Co.,  main  office,  138-140  Adams 
st.,  (Main  5133) ;  Northern  Pacific  Express  Co.,  main  office,  138-140  Adams  st., 
(Main  5133)1  Northern  Pacific  Express  Co.,  5th  ave.  and  Harrison  St.,  (Main 
1081);  Pacific  Express  Co.,  89  Washington  st.,  (Main  2023);  United  States 


3G8  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Express  Co.,  89  Washington  St.,  (Main  2023);  United  States  Express  Co..  V. 
President  and  General  Manager,  205  87  Washington,  (Main  3970);  United 
States  Express  Co.,  branch  227  La  Salle  St.,  (Main  1288);  United  States 
Express  Co.,  branch  876  W.  Madison,  (West  591) ;  United  States  Express  Co., 
239  31st.,  (South  177) ;  Wells  Fargo  &  Co.,  156  Dearborn  st.,  (Main  2662). 

Fire  of  1871.— The  fire  of  1871  broke  out  on  Sunday  night,  October  8th. 
There  had  been  on  the  previous  evening  an  extensive  conflagaration  in  the 
West  Division,  involving  a  heavy  loss  of  property  in  the  lumber  district. 
The  firemen  had  worked  upon  the  blaze  for  many  hours,  finally  succeeding 
in  subduing  it.  The  department,  however,  was  pretty  well  exhausted  when 
an  alarm  was  sounded  at  9  o'clock  on  the  following  Sunday  evening.  The 
fire  was  caused  by  the  upsetting  of  a  little  lamp,  in  a  stable,  in  the  vicinity 
of  DeKoven  and  Jefferson  sts.,  west  of  the  river  and  south  of  Van  Buren  st. ; 
whether  the  lamp  was  kicked  over  by  a  cow  belonging  to  a  Mrs.  O'Leary  is  a 
question  that  has  never  been  satisfactorily  settled.  The  fire  first  crossed 
the  river  at  Van  Buren  st.,  and  soon  enveloped  the  old  gas  works  on  Adams 
st.,  where  the  Moody  &  Sankey  Tabernacle  afterward  stood,  and  where 
stately  wholesale  houses  now  tower  toward  the  sky.  From  that  moment 
the  business  section  of  the  city  was  doomed,  for  the  wind  blew  a  perfect 
gale  and  every  moment  added  to  the  heat  and  fury  of  the  conflagration, 
which  marched  steadily  on,  devouring  granite  blocks  with  the  same  ease  as 
it  destroyed  wooden  shanties.  About  one  o'clock  in  the  morning  it  had 
reached  and  wiped  out  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  building;  shortly  after- 
ward it  had  swallowed  up  the  Court  House,  whose  bell  tolled  to  the  last 
minute.  Then  in  one  column,  it  pursued  its  furious  course  eastward,  laying 
Hooley's  Opera  house,  the  Times  building,  Crosby's  fine  opera  house  and 
many  other  noble  structures  in  ashes.  Then  it  moved  toward  the  northeast, 
and  then  attacked  the  wholesale  district  at  the  foot  of  Randolph  st.,  carry- 
ing away  the  Central  Depot,  the  ruins  of  which  are  still  standing.  Then  it 
formed  a  junction  with  another  branch  of  the  main  column  after  the  latter 
had  demolished  the  Sherman  house,  the  Tremont  house  and  other  magnifi- 
cent buildings  in  its  path.  Then  there  was  a  general  onslaught  upon  the 
city's  center  from  the  left  column  which  laid  low  all  the  buildings  lying 
west  of  La  Salle  st.,  including  the  Oriental  and  the  Mercantile  buildings,  the 
Union  bank,  the  Merchants'  Insurance  building,  where  Gen.  Sheri- 
dan had  his  headquarters,  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  office,  and 
the  solid  and  magnificent  blocks  of  commercial  houses  that  lined 
La  Salle  st.  in  those  days.  By  morning  there  was  not  one  stone 
upon  another  in  this  great  business  center.  The  right  column  of  the  fire  is 
described  as  having  started  from  a  point  near  the  intersection  of  Van  Buren 
st.  and  the  river,  where  some  wooden  buildings  were  ignited  by  brands  from 
the  West  side.  This  column  had  the  advantage  of  a  large  area  of  wooden 
buildings,  say  Colbert  and  Chamberlin,  "on  which  to  ration  and  arm  itself 
for  its  march  of  destruction."  It  gutted  the  Michigan  Southern  depot  and 
the  Grand  Pacific  hotel,  and  destroyed  other  handsome  structures  in  the 
vicinity.  Passing  along  the  Post-office,  the  Bigelow  house,  the  Honore 
block,  Me  Vicker's  new  theatre,  the  Tribune  building,  Booksellers'  row,  Pot- 
ter Palmer's  store,  occupied  by  Field  &  Leiter,  and  all  the  smaller  or  less 
conspicuous  structures  on  the  road,  it  branched  off  and  destroyed  the 
handsome  residences  and  chiirches  on  Wabash  ave.,  and  was  finally  stayed 
in  its  southward  course  at  Congress  st.  The  fire  crossed  over  to  the  North 
division  about  half-past  three  in  the  morning,  and  among  the  first  buildings 
to  go  down  was  the  engine-house  of  the  water  works,  which,  foolishly,  had 
been  roofed  with  pine  shingles.  The  fire  was  carried  here  by  burning  brands 
which  must  have  traveled  a  mile  and  a  half  in  advance  of  the  conflagration. 
"This  was  the  system,"  say  Colbert  and  Chamberlin,  "by  which  the  North 
side  was  destroyed :  Blazing  brands  and  scorching  heat  sent  ahead  to  kindle 
many  scattering  fires,  and  the  grand  general  conflagration  following  up  and 
finishing  up."  The  North  side  was  left  a  mass  of  blackened  ruins  by  morn- 
ing. Only  at  the  lake  and  the  northern  limits  of  the  city  was  the  fire  stayed 
The  district  burnt  over  was  bounded  on  the  north  by  Fullerton  ave.,  on  the 
west  by  Halst^d  st.  to  Chicago  ave.,  and  from  that  point  south  on  Clinton  st., 


370  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

on  the  south  by  Twelfth  st.,  and  on  the  east  by  Lake  Michigan.  The  total 
area  burned  over  was  nearly  three  and  a  third  square  miles;  number  of 
buildings  destroyed,  17,450;  persons  rendered  homeless,  98,500;  persons 
killed,  about  200;  loss,  not  including  depreciation  of  real  estate  or  loss  of 
business,  estimated  at  $190,000,000;  recovered  by  insurance,  $44,000,000.  One 
year  after  the  fire  many  of  the  best  business  blocks  in  the  city  were  rebuilt; 
five  years  after  the  fire  the  city  was  handsomer  and  more  prosperous  than 
ever;  ten  years  after  the  fire  nearly  all  traces  of  the  calamity  had  dis- 
appeared. 

Fire  of  1874.— The  second  great  fire  in  Chicago  occurred  on  July  14,  1874. 
This  conflagration  swept  over  a  district  south  of  Twelfth  st.  and  east  of 
State  st.,  which  had  escaped  the  fire  of  '71.  Although  eighteen  blocks  or 
sixty  acres  were  burned  over,  and  although  600  houses  were  destroyed  and 
the  loss  was  close  to  $4,000,000,  the  calamity  was  never  as  deeply  regretted  as 
it  would  have  been  had  the  district  been  a  safe  one  near  the  heart  of  the 
city.  The  houses  were  nearly  all  wooden,  and  were  a  continual  menace. 
This  district  was  soon  rebuilt  in  a  more  substantial  manner. 

Fire  Relics. — The  most  interesting  and  ornamental  monument  of  the  fire 
is  the  "  Relic  House,"  well  known  to  North-siders  and  Lincoln  Park  visitors. 
In  1872,  when  the  "  leavings"  of  the  fire  could  be  had  for  the  asking  or  the 
trouble  of  picking  them  up,  a  man  named  Rettig  conceived  the  idea  of  build- 
ing a  small  cottage  out  of  such  material  as  a  melted  mixture  of  stone,  iron 
and  other  metals.  The  queer  structure  was  built  at  North  Park  ave.  and  Cen- 
ter st.  Ten  years  ago  it  was  removed  to  its  present  site  near  the  junction  of 
Clark  st.  and  North  Park  ave.  (take  N.  Clark  st.  cable  line),  Philip  Vinter 
becoming  the  proprietor.  Four  years  afterward  the  "  Relic  House  "passed 
into  the  hands  of  its  present  owner,  William  Lindemann,  who  has  added  a 
refreshment  parlor  to  the  saloon  and  made  quite  a  rustic  spot  out  of  the  relic. 
The  Chicago  Historical  Society  has  a  large  collction  of  fire  relics,  some 
from  the  ruins  of  the  society's  building,  which  was  then  near  the  corner  of 
Ontario  st.  and  Dearborn  ave.,but  most  of  the  relics  are  donations  from  Maria 
G.  Carr,  Mrs.  E.  E.  At  water,  and  various  business  firms  who  were  burned  out. 
The  Historical  Society  also  has  the  key  to  the  vault-door  in  the  office  of  the 
assistant  treasurer  of  the  United  States,  at  Chicago,  which  was  destroyed, 
together  with  $1,500,000  in  currency  and  the  books  and  vouchers  in  the  office. 
The  key  was  presented  by  Henry  H.  Nash,  cashier.  Large  oil  paintings  of 
General  Grant,  J.  Young  Scammon  and  Miss  Sneed  (the  woman  who,  Napo- 
leon thought,  was  the  most  beautiful  in  the  world),  which  were  saved  from 
the  fire,  adorn  the  walls  of  the  society's  rooms.  Mrs.  Carr's  collection  is  a 
curious  one,  among  the  burned,  melted,  scorched  and  twisted  things  being 
a  bunch  of  forks,  a  mass  of  type,  bunch  of  tacks,  pack  of  cards,  a  lot  of 
knitting-needles,  a  spool  of  thread  from  Field,  LeiterA  Co. 's  dry  goods  house 
at  Madison  and  Franklin  sts;  hooks  and  eyes,  a  package  of  buttons,  three 
jews-harps,  thimbles,  marbles,  a  bundle  of  melted  glass,  a  piece  of  glass 
from  Bo  wen  Bros.,  Lake  st. ;  an  old-fashioned  clay  pipe,  china  doll's  head, 
three  crucibles,  a  door  bell,  pen-knives,  one  being  found  under  the  site  of  a 
pulpit;  a  package  of  glass  beads  from  Schweitzer  &  Beer's  store,  a  bundle 
of  screws,  a  walking  cane  without  head  or  ferrule;  necks  of  glass  bottles 
from  Jasper's  place,  and  a  package  of  slate  pencils  from  the  Western  News 
company's  place.  In  Mrs.  Atwater's  collection  is  a  lump  of  black  stuff 
which  was  coffee  once  upon  a  time,  labeled,  "  Browned  too  Much;"  rem- 
nants of  the  stock  of  a  toy  house,  china  dolls  and  playthings,  a  bundle  of 
hairpins,  scissors,  rosaries  without  the  crucifix,  glass  beads,  and  a  jet  neck- 
lace well  preserved;  a  box  of  charred  biscuits  from  the  ruins  of  Dr.  Rice's 
church ;  a  lot  of  stained  and  plain  window  glass  from  various  city  clmrches, 
and  a  variety  of  blackened  cups  and  saucers  from  the  ruins  of  crockery 
houses. 

Fishing  and  Summer  Resorts.— There  are  magnificent  fishing  groimds 
and  beautiful  summer  resorts  within  easy  reach  of  Chicago  by  the  Chicago 
&  North-Western,  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fe  St.  Paul,  Wisconsin  Central,  and 
Chicago,  Great  Western  Railways.  Lake  Geneva  and  the  Fox  Lake  dis- 
trict are  within  a  few  hours  of  the  city.  [See  "  Railroads."] 


GENERAL  INFORMATION 


371 


Foreign  Coin,  Value  of,  in  United  States  Money.— The  United  States 
Government  in  1893  declared  the  following  statement  of  the  value  of  foreign 
coin  in  United  States  money  as  official.  Foreign  visitors  in  Chicago  may 
exchange  their  national  coin  at  any  of  the  leading  banking  houses  or  money 
brokers'  offices  at  a  small  cost  for  exchange. 


Country. 

Standard. 

Monetary 
Unit. 

Value 
in 

terms 
of 
U.S. 
gold 
dollar. 

ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC 

Gold  and  Silver. 

Peso 

$0965 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY    . 

Crown    ...    . 

20.3 

BELGIUM 

Gold  and  Silver. 

Franc 

19.3 

BOLIVIA   

Silver  

Boliviano..  . 

61.3 

BRAZIL 

Gold     . 

Milreis 

54.6 

BRITISH  POSSESSIONS,  N.  A.  (except 
NEWFOUNDLAND).           ... 

Gold  

Dollar 

1.00 

CENTRAL  AMERICAN  STATES- 
COSTA  RICA,   GUATEMALA,   HON- 
DURAS, NICARAGUA,  SALVADOR.  .  . 
CHILI    

Silver  
Gold  and  Silver. 

Peso  
Peso  

61.3 
91.2 

CHINA             •                .. 

Silver  

Tael— 
(  Shanghai.... 
\  Haikwan  .  .. 

90.6 
1.01 

COLOMBIA      

Silver  

|      (customs) 
Peso   

61.3 

CUBA                    .  . 

Gold  and  Silver. 

Peso         

92.6 

DENMARK 

Gold 

268 

ECUADOR 

Silver  

Sucre 

61.3 

EGYPT        

Gold  .  . 

Pound  (100 
piastres)  .... 

4.94.3 

FINLAND 

Gold 

Mark 

19.3 

FRANCE 

Gold  and  Silver 

19  3 

GERMAN  EMPIRE         

Gold  

Mark    . 

23.8 

GREAT  BRITAIN 

Gold 

PoundSte/ling 

4  86  6*4 

Gold  and  Silver 

19  3 

HAYTI 

Gold  and  Silver 

96.5 

INDIA  

Silver  

Rupee     

29.2 

ITALY                 .      ...                .... 

Gold  and  Silver. 

19.3 

JAPAN  

Gold  and  Silver. 

v         (   Gold.. 

99.7 

LIBERIA 

Gold 

)   Silver. 
Dollar 

66.1 
1.00 

MEXICO  

Silver  

Dollar        ,  .. 

66.6 

NETHERLANDS               

Gold  and  Silver. 

Florin 

40.2 

NEWFOUNDLAND 

Gold 

Dollar 

1  01  4 

NORWAY  

Gold    

Crown 

26.8 

PERU                      

Silver 

Sol 

61.3 

PORTUGAL 

Gold 

Milreis 

77.2 

RUSSIA                      ..           

Gold  and  Silver 

Ruble    J£°12- 

49.1 

SPAIN 

Gold  and  Silver 

a    J  Gold. 

193 

SWEDEN                  

Gold 

26.8 

SWITZERLAND 

Gold  and  Silver 

19.3 

TRIPOLI 

Silver 

Mahbub   of  20 

TURKEY 

Gold 

piastres  

55.3 
4.4 

VENEZUELA 

Gold  and  Silver 

19  3 

372  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Foreign  Consuls  in  Chicago.— ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC,  83  Jackson  st. ; 
AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN,  78  and  80  Fifth  ave. ;  BELGIUM,  167  Dearborn  st. ;  DEN- 
MARK, 209  Fremont  st. ;  FRANCE,  70  La  Salle  st. ;  GERMAN  EMPIRE,  Borden 
block,  Randolph,  N.  W.  Cor.  Dearborn  st.;  GREAT  BRITAIN,  72  Dearborn  st. ; 
ITALY,  110  La  Salle  st. ;  MEXICO,  126  Washing-ton  st. ;  NETHERLANDS,  85  Wash- 
ington st. ;  RUSSIA,  70  La  Salle  st. ;  SWEDEN  AND  NORWAY,  153  Randolph  st. ; 
SWITZERLAND,  167  Washington  st. ;  TURKEY,  167  Dearborn  st. 

Fort  Dearborn. — The  site  of  old  Fort  Dearborn  is  now  covered  by  the 
wholesale  grocery  hovise  of  William  M.  Hoyt  &  Co.,  1  to  9  River  st.  On  a  slab 
placed  in  the  wall  of  the  building  this  fact  is  commemorated.  The  old  fort 
itself  has  long  since  disappeared. 

Fulton  St.  Market. — The  greatest  wholesale  meat  market  in  the  world ; 
located  on  Fulton  st.,  between  Gi'een  and  Peoria  sts.,  West  side.  Take  West 
Lake  st.  cars  to  Green  st.,  and  walk  north  to  Fulton.  This  is  one  of  the 
most  interesting  sights  in  the  city,  and  the  foreigner  or  American  visitor 
will  be  repaid  by  a  visit  to  it.  Here  may  be  seen  the  manner  in  which  meats 
are  distributed  to  the  retail  dealers  of  Chicago  and  vicinity.  The  cleanli- 
ness, the  neatness  and  the  perfect  business  management  of  the  great 
exchange  will  command  attention  and  admiration. 

Generous  Chicagoans.— Among  the  Chi^agoans  who  have  contributed 
vast  sums  toward  charitable  and  educational  institutions  are:  Phillip  D. 
Armour,  Walter  L.  Newberry  (deceased),  John  Crerar  (deceased),  Marshall 
Field,  D.  K.  Pearson,  George  M.  Pullman,  Cyrus  McCorrnick,  Sr.  (deceased), 
Cyrus  McCormick,  Jr.,  Thomas  B.  Bryan,  N.  K.  Fairbank,  Sidney  A.  Kent, 
George  M.  Bogue,  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  Charles  J.  Hull  (deceased),  Eli 
Bates, (deceased),  H.  H.  Kohlsaat,  Matthew  Laflin,  William Bross(deceased), 
John  V.  Farwell,  Chas.  B.  Farwell,  Daniel  A.  Jones,  Charles  T.  Yerkes,  C. 
K.  Billings,  W.  H.  Ryder,  Charles  Schwab,  Martin  Ryerson  (deceased),  Mar- 
tin Ryerson,  Jr.,  George  A.  Walker,  William  B.  Ogden  (deceased).  Many  of 
the  above  have  contributed  amounts  running  into  the  millions,  some 
amounts  touching  the  hundreds  of  thousands.  The  list  of  those  who  have 
contributed  to  charitable  institutions  amounts  from  $5,000  to  $50,000  would 
be  too  long  for  publication  here. 

Goose  Island. — Located  on  the  north  branch  of  the  Chicago  river,  covered 
with  immense  manufactories,  lumber  yai'ds,  etc.,  ami  surrounded  by  docks. 
It  is  becoming  one  of  the  most  valuable  centers  in  Chicago.  An  effort  has 
been  made  to  change  the  name  from  Goose  to  Ogden  Island,  but  this  was 
defeated  and  the  historic  appellation  retained.  It  derives  its  name  from  its 
shape  which  resembles  the  body  of  a  goose.  [See  "  Guide."] 

Grain  Elevators. — The  greatest  grain  elevators  in  the  world  are  to  be 
found  here,  and  they  are  more  numerous  than  in  any  other  city  on  earth. 
A  few  figures  in  relation  to  one  of  them  will  serve  as  a  description  of  all.  A 
grain  elevator  of  the  first-class  costs  about  $500,000.  12,000,000  feet  of  lum- 
ber is  consumed  in  its  construction;  the  outside  brick  wall  is  16  inches 
thick ;  a  fire  wall  two  feet  thick  usually  divides  the  building  in  the  middle, 
the  height  is  about  155  feet;  length  155  feet.  As  a  protection  against  fire, 
iron  ladders  run  this  entire  height  and  on  all  floors  there  are  p\ish  buttons 
communicating  with  annunciators  in  the  engine  room,  and  in  the  latter  de- 

gartment  there  is  also  a  fire  pump  with  a  capacity  equaling  that  of  four  steam 
re  engines.  Two  hundred  barrels  of  water,  each  accompanied  by  a  couple 
of  iron  pails,  are  scattered  all  over  different  floors,  and  twenty-two  chemical 
fire  extinguishers  are  placed  at  convenient  places  throughout  thestructure ; 
forty -five-fire  plugs  to  each  of  which  is  attached  one  thousand  feet  of  two 
and  one-half  inch  rubber  hose,  together  with  fourteen  fire  alarm  boxes 
about  complete  the  precautional  measures  for  combating  fires.  The  super- 
intendent and  chief  engineer  are  located  at  opposite  extremities  of  the  bulky 
framework,  the  one  in  a  separate  brick  office  building  with  an  instrument 
within  reach,  by  which  he  is  enabled  to  converse  with  the  heads  of  depart- 
ments, and  the  other  in  a  large  two-story  fire-proof  brick  building.  Once 
every  week  a  fire  drill  is  ordered,  the  time  of  turning  in  an  alarm  tor  which 
is  known  only  to  the  watchmen  in  charge.  When  the  alarm  is  sounded, 


374  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

every  man  takes  his  place,  but  no  water  is  thrown.  It  requires  100  employes 
to  run  a  grain  elevator.  To  move  the  ponderous  machinery)  a  one  thou- 
sand horse-power  compound  Corliss  engine  is  required,  making  56  revolu- 
tions per  minute,  without  varying  one  revolution  in  a  day's  run.  This  engine 
cost  $50,000.  The  chimney  of  the  elevator  has  a  fourteen  foot  base  and  a 
height  of  154  feet.  The  visitor  will  be  interested  in  the  process  of  handling 
grain.  One  visit  to  a  grain  elevator  will  do  more  toward  giving  the  stranger 
an  intelligent  idea  of  the  methods  employed  than  columns  of  description. 
The  grain  elevators  are  located  along  the  river  sides  and  railroad  tracks 
principally.  They  may  be  visited  at  any  time. 

Great  Clocks  of  the  City.— in  the  old  days  before  the  building  was  des- 
troyed everybody's  time  was  regulated  by  the  Court  house  bell,  and  it  is 
said  that  for  some  time  after  the  fire  there  were  no  two  watches  or  clocks 
in  town  that  agreed.  It  is  only  within  the  last  few  years  that  public  time 
pieces  have  appeared.  People  down  town  in  the  vicinity  of  the  custom 
house  consult  the  clock  in  the  Board  of  Trade  towrer  and  the  custom  house 
clock.  The  largest  clock  in  the  city  is  that  in  the  tower  of  the  new  Grand 
Central  Depot,  Harrison  st.  and  Fifth  ave.  There  are  also  great  clocks  at 
the  North- Western  and  Rock  Island.  The  Central  Music  Hall  has  a  fine 
clock,  so  has  the  Inter- Ocean  building,  the  Toby  Furniture  company  build- 
ing, McAvoy's  Brewery,  the  North  Division  railroad  office,  and  the  Jesuit 
church  on  Twelfth  st.  The  Manasse  chronometer  in  the  Tribune  building  is 
consulted  more  than  any  in  the  city,  but  there  are  innumerable  clocks 
regulated  by  electricity  throughout  the  city  now.  These  are  operated  from 
the  Western  Union  telegraph  office. 

Harbor.— The  harbor  of  Chicago  is  in  charge  of  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment and  is  an  inclosure  of  270  acres,  with  connecting  slips  along  the 
lake  shore  covering  185  acres,  making  a  total  of  455 'acres.  This  harbor  is 
not  complete  and  is  entirely  independent  of  the  river  harbor.  The  Govern- 
ment piers,  so  called,  extend  along  the  lake  front  and  may  be  visited  on 
l?.ttle  excursion  steamers  and  yachts  from  the  foot  of  Van  Buren  st. 

Haymarket  Massacre.— Night  of  May  4,  1886.  Take  W.  Randolph  street 
car  and  alight  at  the  Police  Monument.  The  title  is  a  misnomer.  The 
tragedy  recalled  to  mind  by  the  name  in  reality  occurred  on  Desplaines  st. 
between  the  Haymarket  and  the  alley  which  runs  east  from  Desplaines  st., 
south  of  Crane  Brothers'  manufacturing  establishment.  The  wagon  from 
which  the  anarchist  speakers  addressed  the  mob  stood  directly  in  front  of 
Crane  Brothers'  steps,  about  eight  feet  north  of  this  alley.  The  bomb  was 
thrown  from  the  mouth  of  the  alley,  and  exploded  between  the  second  and 
third  companies  of  policemen,  as  the  six  companies  were  halting  close  to 
the  wagon. 

Haymarket  Square.^-That  portion  of  W.  Randolph  st.  between  Desplaines 
and  Halsted  sts.,  West  side.  Take  Randolph  st.  cars.  Near  the  east  end  of 
the  square  for  many  years  stood  the  West  Side  Market  house,  a  part  of  which 
was  occupied  as  a  police  station.  The  square  is -now  enti*ely  open,  the 
police  monument  which  stands  at  the  intersection  of  Randolph  and  Des- 
plaines sts.  being  the  only  obstruction  in  the  broad  thoroughfare.  To  the 
north  of  the  monument,  on  Desplaines  st.,  the  bomb  was  thrown  on  the 
night  of  May  4,  1886.  [See  "Haymarket  Massacre."] 

Hell  Gate  Crossing. — By  far  the  most  dangerous  street  intersection  in 
Chicago  is  at  Randolph  and  La  Salle,  where  all  cars  of  the  North  and  West 
side  cable  system  pass,  two  of  the  tracks  curving  around  corners  and  the 
ringing  of  bells  by  the  gripmen  making  a  din  bewildering  to  pedestrians. 

Horse  Market. — Take  train  at  Van  Buren  st.  depot,  Van  Buren  aud  Sher- 
man sts.,  State  st.  cable  with  transfer  to  Thirty-fifth  st.,  or  S.  Halsted  st. 
car  line.  There  is  no  more  interesting  feature  of  the  Union  Stock  Yards 
than  the  horse  market.  At  the  head  of  Exchange  ave.,  the  main  thorough- 
fare leading  into  the  yards,  a  row  of  brick  stables  extends  to  the  left  along 
the  west  side  of  a  blind  alley.  The  narrow  way  is  thronged  with  a  motley 
crowd  of  cattle-buyers,  horsemen,  speculators  and  spectators.  The  scene 
resembles  very  much  that  around  the  public  square  in  some  Western  town. 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  375 

Stable-men,  wearing  hickory  shirts  and  faded  trousers,  are  leading  bunches 
of  horses  out  of  the  barns  and  down  Exchange  ave.  to  the  railroad  tracks. 
The  horses  wear  their  tails  done  up  in  red  flannel  and  a  tag  marked  "  sold  " 
flutters  from  their  halters.  The  Horse  Exchange  has  grown  to  be  one  of  the 
main  factors  in  the  business  at  the  yards.  It  was  first  established  in  1866, 
in  which  year  there  were  1,553  horses  received  and  but  162  shipped.  [See 
"Appendix."] 

Inter-state  Expositi on.—^ Occupied  an  immense  building  on  the  Lake 
Front,  from  1875  to  1892,  when  the  structure  was  torn  down  to  make  room 
for  the  permanent  Art  Gallery.  Expositions  were  given  annually  which 
attracted  thousands  of  strangers,  and  for  a  time  were  quite  popular  with 
residents.  Fat  stock  shows,  etc.,  were  also  held  here.  Some  of  the  greatest 
political  conventions  ever  assembled  in  this  country  were  held  here.  The 
building  in  its  later  days  became  an  eye-sore  to  the  public. 

Jail  Diet. — The  sheriff  of  Cook  county  is  allowed  25  cents  per  diem  for 
the  dieting  of  all  prisoners  in  the  county  jail. 

Lager  Beer  Riot.—  Occurred  on  April  21,  1855,  diTring  the  administration 
of  Mayor  Levi  D.  Boone.  Brought  about  by  an  attempt  of  the  "  Native 
American"  or  "Know  Nothing"  party  to  enforce  the  liquor,  Sunday  and 
other  laws  obnoxious  to  the  foreign  element.  The  mayor,  in  attempting  to 
close  the  saloons  on  Sunday,  had  arrested  a  large  number  of  saloon  keepers 
for  defying  his  authority  by  keeping  open.  While  their  cases  were  being 
heard  in  the  old  court  house,  a  mob  came  over  from  the  North  side  and  was 
met  by  the  police  on  Clark  st.,  between  Randolph  and  Lake  sts.  Here  a 
collision  took  place.  Only  one  man,  a  German  rioter,  was  killed,  but  a 
large  number  were  wounded.  The  rioters,  although  defeated,  in  reality 
were  victorious,  for  the  obnoxious  laws  fell  into  desuetude. 

Lemont  Stone  Quarries.— When  the  county  of  Cook  built  the  "old  original 
Court  House,"  in  1851  and  '52,  it  was  decided  by  the  people  and  the  wise 
rulers  of  the  county  that  there  was  no  suitable  stone  material  in  the  vicinity 
of  Chicago  for  the  purposes  of  permanent  building.  After  looking  the  coun- 
try over  it  was  decided  that  Lockport,  N.Y.,  furnished  the  most  desirable 
and  conveniently  accessible  material,  and  the  stone  for  this  building  and 
the  wall  around  it  was  actually  transported  over  500  miles.  But  the  building 
growth  of  Chicago  was  not  to  be  retarded  for  the  want  of  durable  and  acces- 
sible cheap  building  matei'ial,  and  certain  of  her  enterprising  citizens  who 
had  been  connected,  or  were  familiar  with  the  construction  of  the  Illinois  & 
Michigan  canal,  notably  among  whom  being  A.  S.  Sherman  and  H.  M.  Singer, 
concluded  to  open  up  the  deposits  of  stone  at  Lemont,  which  the  cutting 
through  of  the  canal  had  developed.  From  these  small  beginnings  has 
grown  up  one  of  the  largest,  most  important  and  prosperous  industries  of 
the  city:  These  quarries  have  not  only  contributed  largely  to  the  material 
growth  of  the  city  by  furnishing  an  accessible  building  stone  for  all  pur- 
poses, from  the  foundation  stone  to  the  roof  coping,  besides  flagging,  curb- 
ing and  rubble  stone  for  sidewalk  and  street  improvement,  but  coarser 
material  for  riprap,  from  which  the  government,  the  Illinois  Central  rail- 
road, and  all  other  breakwater  works  in  this  vicinity  have  drawn  their 
supplies.  A  corporation  known  as  "The  Western  Stone  Co."  now  controls 
the  output  of  these  great  quarries. 

Littte  Hell. — At  the  time  of  the  great  fire  the  region  west  of  Larrabee  st. 
was  almost  unoccupied  as  far  down  as  the  river,  and  when  the  relief  work 
began  this  tract  was  suggested  as  a  good  place  for  the  building  of  houses 
for  the  people  whose  property  had  been  destroyed.  So  a  lot  of  small  cottages 
and  one  long,  low  building  with  a  room  for  each  family  in  it  were  erected. 
The  long,  low  building  was  called  "The  Barracks."  It  stood  on  the  west 
side  of  Crosby  st.,  just  across  from  the  gas  works,  and  it  was  the  center  of 
ail  the  glorious  doings  that  made  "  Little  Hell "  historical.  The  citizens  of 
the  "  Hell  "  were  comfortably  fixed  for  social  enjoyment.  Their  food  and 
lodgings,  and  much  of  their  clothing,  came  from  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society. 
Work  \vas  plenty  arid  labor  was  lTi<rh.  They  found  themselves  each  week 
with  a  surplus  on  hand  and  nothing  to  do  with  it,  unless  they  devote  it  to 


376  '  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

the  pleasures  of  the  cup  that  cheers.  It  was  thus  that  "  Little  Hell "  began. 
The  police  found  it  out  first.  Every  night  a  patrolman  would  come  in  for 
help  from  the  station  to  subdue  a  riot.  When  an  old  officer  was  to  be  pun- 
ished, or  a  new  one  tried,  he  was  sent  to  "  Little  Hell."  Sometimes  he  lasted 
a  week.  If  he  was  particularly  tough  and  courageous,  and  if  he  had  a  hard 
head,  he  survived  perhaps  a  month.  Then  he  usually  went  to  the  hospital 
to  furnish  an  interesting  case  of  compound  fracture  or  concussion  of  the 
brain  to  the  clinics.  "Little  Hell"  was  a  "terror  district"  for  several 
years  after  the  fire  and  many  a  bloody  murder  was  committed  within  its 
precincts.  But  most  of  the  desperate  characters  who  infested  the  district 
have  been  killed  or  sent  to  the  penitentiary  or  driven  out  of  the  city.  The 
houses  in  "Little  Hell"  are  even  giving  way  to  new  brick  structures,  but 
there  are  frequent  relics  of  the  old  "relief  cottages"  to  be  seen  in  the 
famous  tract. 

Lodging  Houses. — Lodging  houses  are  numerous.  Beds  may  be  secured 
at  from  10  cents  to  50  cents  per  night.  These  are  usually  to  be  found  in  the 
lower  sections  of  the  city.  There  are  some  lodging  houses  of  good  character, 
but  the  majority  of  them  are  patronized  by  a  rough  and  depraved  class  of 
people. 

Lost  Property.— Inquire  at  any  police  station  or  at  Central  Station,  City 
Hall,  Cor.  Washington  and  LaSalle  sts. 

Lumber  Business  of  Chicago. — The  lumber  trade  of  Chicago  is  greater 
than  that  of  any  other  city  in  the  world.  The  figures  used  irfestimating  it 
run  away  up  into  the  billions.  The  water  frontage  used  for  unloading  lum- 
ber needs  be  computed  by  miles.  The  cars  used  to  move  the  Chicago  supply 
are  numbered  by  thousands.  The  men  engaged  in  the  work  would  make  an 
army.  There  are  about  ten  miles  of  water  frontage  in  Chicago  devoted  to 
the  lumber  business.  This  frontage  is  principally  on  slips,  and  is  mostly 
located  on  the  south  branch  of  the-Chicago  river.  There  is,  however,  a  great 
deal  of  lumber  handled  on  the  lake  front.  To  these  large  lumber  districts 
must  be  added  the  many  small  yards  scattered  about  the  city.  Michigan 
furnishes  about  70  per  cent  of  the  lumber  supply,  which  comes  to  the  lake. 
The  other  30  per  cent  comes  from  almost  everywhere.  California  furnishes 
the  redwood.  This  is  principally  valuable  for  its  durability  when  exposed 
to  moisture  in  tanks,  etc.  Yellow  pine  comes  from  the  south.  Its  principal 
use  is  for  inside  finishing.  Poplar  comes  almost  altogether  from  Indiana 
and  the  South ;  oak  from  the  middle  states ;  walnut  from  the  South,  from 
Indiana,  and  a  little  from  other  localities. 

Lumber  District. — Situated  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  city,  from  five 
and  a  half  to  seven  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  along  the  south  branch  of  the 
Chicago  river.  It  may  be  reached  by  Canalport  ave.,  Blue  Island  ave.  or 
S.  Halsted  st.  cars.  It  extends  from  the  south  bi'anch  west  beyond  Western 
ave.  and  practically  occupies  all  of  the  southern  part  of  the  territory  cov- 
ered by  Western  ave.,  Oakley  ave.,  Leavitt  st.,  Hoyne  ave.,  Robey  st.,  Lincoln 
st.,  Honore  st.,  Wood  st.,  Paulina  St.,  Ashland  ave.,  Charlton  st.  and  Loomis 
st.  Here  the  visitor  will  find  mile  after  mile  of  lumber  yards  laid  out  into 
streets  and  alleys,  where  thousands  of  men  are  constantly  employed  in 
"shoving"  the  boards  as  they  are  received  from  vessels  in  the  river,  or  in 
loading  them  on  to  long  lines  of  freight  cars.  Here,  too,  are  to  be  seen  some 
of  the  greatest  sash,  door,  -blind  and  planing  mills  in  the  world.  The  lumber 
district  is  a  district  all  to  itself.  Foreign  labor  of  all  kinds  is  employed  here, 
but  the  Bohemians  and  Poles  are  in  the  majority.  In  the  lumber  season  it 
is  interesting  to  watch  the  unloading  of  vessels,  to  see  how  rapidly  a  cargo 
is  discharged,  and  to  notice  with  what  skill  the  boards  are  piled  in  the  yards. 
A  number  of  serious  riots  have  occurred  from  time  to  time  in  the  "lumber 
district,"  the  result  of  labor  strikes.  Of  late,  however,  the  laborers  have 
quieted  down.  Building  associations  have  grown  up  among  them;  many 
own  their  own  homes  and  the  conservatism  which  everywhere  follows  the 
possession  of  property  is  felt  here. 

Market  Squares.— There  have  been  no  public  market  houses  in  Chicago 
for  a  number  of  years,  but  back  in  the  early  days  of  the  city  one  stood  in 


378  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

each  of  the  three  divisions.  The  South  side  market  was  on  State  st.,  between 
Randolph  and  S. Water  sts. ;  the  West  side  market  was  on  Haymarke*  square, 
and  the  North  side  market  was  on  Michigan  St.,  where  the  Criminal  Court 
building  and  jail  now  stand.  The  Haymarket  massacre  occurred  near  the 
site  of  the  West  side  market.  Mayor  Wentworth  piled  all  the  overhanging 
signs,  which  he  tore  down  during  his  second  administration,  on  the  South 
side  site,  and  Stephen  A.Douglass  was  mobbed  on  the  North  side  site.  Police 
stations  were  located  in  each  of  these  market  houses.,  and  the  upper  floors 
were  used  as  town  or  public  halls. 

Marriages. — There  are  now  over  17,000  marriage  licenses  issued  in  Chi- 
cago annually.  These  licenses  are  procured  at  the  court  house,  county 
clerk's  office.  Civil  interference  with  marriage  only  extends  to  the  license, 
which  must  be  procured  from  the  county  clerk.  The  marriage  may  be 
solemnized  either  by  a  justice  of  the  peace  (magistrate)  or  by  a  minister  of 
the  gospel.  [See  "Appendix."] 

Mayors  of  Chicago. — Following  is  a  list  of  the  mayors  of  Chicago  from 
the  incorporation  of  the  city  to  the  present  time :  William  B.  Ogden,  Buckner 
S.  Morris,  Benjamin  W.  Raymond,  Alexander  Loyd,  Francis  C.  Sherman, 
Augustus  Garrett,  Alson  S.  Sherman,  John  Putnam  Chapin,  James  Curtiss, 
James  H.  Wordworth,  Walter  S.  Gurnee,  Charles  M.  Gray,  Isaac  L.  Milliken, 
Levi  D.  Boone,  Thomas  Dyer,  John  Wentworth,  John  C.  Haines,  Julian  S. 
Rumsay,  John  B.  Rice,  Roswell  B.  Mason,  Joseph  Medill,  Harvey  D.  Colvin, 
Monroe  Heath,  Carter  H.  Harrison,  John  A.  Roche,  DeWitt  C.  Gregier, 
Hempstead  Wasburne. 

Milk  Supply  of  Chicago.— Chicago's  dairy  farm  is  a  large  one,  extending 
away  into  the  southern  edge  of  Wisconsin,  and  west  and  south  a  distance 
of  more  than  one  hundred  miles.  The  milk  is  collected  daily  from  individual 
farmers  and  rapidly  forwarded  to  the  city  on  fast  express  trains,  many  of 
which  are  engaged  solely  in  this  business,  making  the  long  distance  named 
in  three  hours,  arriving  here  in  early  morning.  The  milk  is  carried  in  cans 
of  eight  gallons  each,  and  about  12,000  cans  arrive  daily  at  the  several 
depots,  chiefly  on  the  West  side.  The  100,000  gallons  of  milk  received  every 
morning  represent  a  wholesale  price  of  14  cents  per  gallon,  or  a  daily  milk 
bill  of  $14,000,  making  a  yearly  total  of  rather  more  than  $5,000,000.  Of 
course  the  sum  finally  paid  by  1,200,000  consumers  at  the  retail  price  asked 
is  much  larger  than  the  above — perhaps  double.  Taking  an  average  daily 
yield,  two  gallons  for  each  cow,  it  will  be  seen  that  in  order  to  keep  the  city 
supplied  50,000 cows  are  on  duty  each  day. 

Municipal  Telephones.— -340,  Mayor's  Office;  280,  Law  Department;  194, 
Reporters'  Room ;  358,  Superintendent  of  Police ;  447,  Department  of  Health ; 
1,993,  Building  Department;  423,  City  Clerk;  1,994,  Collector's  Office;  2,977, 
Comptroller's  Office ;  4,505,  Corporation  Counsel;  1,933,  Public  Works;  2,600, 
Treasurer;  880,  Water  Office.  All  "  Main." 

Natural  Gas. — Natural  gas  is  now  supplied  to  Chicago  consumers.  It  is 
furnished  by  the  Economic  Gas  Company,  which  pipes  it  from  Indiana. 
The  gas  belt  from  which  the  supply  is  taken  extends  from  Marion  on  the 
north  to  the  Ohio  river  on  the  south,  from  Indianapolis  on  the  west  to  Rich- 
mond on  the  east.  It  has  the  shape  of  an  ellipse  with  a  maximum  length  of 
175  miles,  a  breadth  of  seventy  miles,  and  a  total  area  of  7,500,000  acres.  As 
the  gas  is  odorless  its  escape  from  pipes  or  burners  is  not  easily  detected. 
It  has  caused  many  explosions,  involving  loss  of  life  and  property,  since  its 
introduction  into  this  city. 

Newspaper  Telephones.— 1,475,  City  Press  Association  of  Chicago  (Gen- 
eral Press  Bureau);  120,  Chicago  Press  Club;  1,498,  Abendpost;  1,457,  Daily 
News;  539,  Evening  Journal;  1,397,  Evening  Post;  893,  Globe;  1,322,  Herald; 
944,  Mail;  1,462, Times;  104,  Tribune ;  714,  Freie  Presse ;  1,331, Staats  Zeitung; 
1,905,  Intei'-Ocean.  All  "Main." 

National  Political  Conventions  in  Chicago.— The  geographical  position  of 
Chicago,  her  accessibility  by  direct  rail  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States, 
her  great  newspapers  which  collect  and  disseminate  the  news  of  the  day  in 
a  manner  that  is  not  approached  elsewhere ;  her  wonderful  telegraphic  f  acili- 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  370 

ties;  her  immense  hotels  and  her  incomparable  accommodation  for  extra- 
ordinary gatherings  have  contributed  toward  making  her  the  convention 
city  of  the  nation.  Some  of  the  most  important  conventions  of  the  great 
political  parties  have  been  held  here.  Abraham  Lincoln  was  nominated  in 
Chicago  in  1860.  The  place  in  which  the  convention  was  held  was  a  struct- 
ure erected  for  the  purpose,  called  the  "  Wigwam."  It  was  built  by  volun- 
tary subscriptions,  and  consisted  of  an  immense  audience  room,  arranged 
like  an  amphitheatre,  the  roof  of  which  was  supported  by  numerous  upright 
posts.  The  wigwam  stood  on  Market  st.  near  Washington  st.  Gen.  George 
B.  McClellan  was  nominated  here  for  the  presidency  in  1864;  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant 
(in  Crosby's  Opera  House)  in  1868;  Gen.Garfield  (in  the  Exposition  building) 
in  1880;  James  G.  Elaine  and  Grover  Cleveland  (in  the  Exposition  building) 
in  1884,  and  Benjamin  Harrison  (in  the  Auditorium)  in  1888.  Grover  Cleve- 
land (in  the  wigwam,  lake  front,  foot  of  Washington  st.)  1892.  The  wigwam 
in  1892  was  a  great  wooden  structure,  put  up  for  the  temporary  use  of  the 
Democratic  National  Convention  of  that  year. 

News  and  Book  Stands.— Aside  from  the  innumerable  news  and  book 
stands  which  may  be  found  in  every  neighborhood,  there  are  a  few  which 
the  visitor  desirous  of  finding  the  latest  things  in  current  literature  should 
not  fail  to  visit:  CURRY'S— Under  Central  Music  Hall  on  State,  near  Ran- 
dolph, and  on  north  side  of  Madison,  west  of  La  Salle  st.  MACDONALD'S. — 
North  side  of  Washington,  near  State  st.  POST  OFFICE  NEWS  STAND.— Oppo- 
site Post  Office,  on  Adams  st.,  near  Dearborn  st.  These  places  are  supplied 
with  the  latest  weekly,  monthly  and  quarterly  magazines,  foreign  and 
American  illustrated  papers;  late  novels,  etc.,  etc.  The  leading  book  stands 
are  those  of  CARSON,  PIRIE,  SCOTT  &  Co.,  State  and  Washington  sts.;  THAYER 
&  JACKSON,  Stationery  Co.,  245  and  247  State  st. ;  SIEGEL,  COOPER  &  Co.,  State, 
Van  Buren  and  Congress  sts.;  F.  H.  REVELL&CO.,  Madison,  near  La  Salle 
st. ;  A.  C.  MCCLURG  &  Co.,  Wabash  ave.  and  Madison  st. ;  THE  FAIR,  Dearborn 
Adams  and  State  sts. ;  FRANKS,  State  near  Madison ;  JAMES  H.  WALKER  &  Co., 
Wabash  ave.  and  Adams  st. ;  THE  WESTERN  BOOK  AND  STATIONERY  Co.  con- 
duct the  book  departments  of  Carson,  Pirie,  Scott  &  Co.,  and  "The  Fair." 
It  is  one  of  thelargest  book  concerns  in  the  United  States.  Books  may 
also  be  found  for  sale  at  THE  LEADER,  State  and  Adams  sts.,  and  other  dry 
goods  and  general  merchandise  establishments. 

Ogden  Residence. — Fronting  Washington  Square,  North  side,  stood  for 
nearly  a  half  a  century  the  residence  of  the  Ogden  family,  a  stately  frame 
mansion.  It  was  the  only  building  on  the  North  side  which  escaped  de- 
struction in  the  conflagration  of  1871.  It  was  torn  down  to  make  room  for 
the  Newberry  library  building.  The  grand  old  trees  which  surrounded  it 
have  not  been  disturbed,  except  where  the  architectural  requirements  of 
the  new  building  made  it  absolutely  necessary.  [See  "Newberry  Library."] 

Old  University. —The  old  University  of  Chicago  occupied  a  beautiful 
site  on  Cottage  Grove  ave..  between  Thirty-third  and  Thirty-fifth  sts.  It  was 
founded  by  the  late  Stephen  A.  Douglas.  The  buildings  have  been  torn 
down.  [See  "University  of  Chicago."] 

Omnibuses.— Parmelee's  omnibuses  meet  every  train.  Agents  sell  trans' 
fer  tickets  to  other  depots  and  to  hotels  at  25  cents.  Tickets  may  be  pro' 
ctired  on  trains  before  reaching  Chicago,  and  baggage  checked  for  transfer 
at  the  same  time. 

Outdoor  -Sports.— There-  -are  three  racetracks  and  one  professional 
base  ball  park.  Race  meetings  are  held  almost  continually  throughout  the 
year  with  the  exception  of  the  mid- winter  months.  Professional  base  ball 
games  are  announced  through  the  press  during  the  summer  season.  Ama- 
teur base  ball  games  are  played  in  the  parks  and  on  private  grounds 
throughout  the  city.  Cricket  games  are  frequent.  Lawn  tennis  courts  for 
the  public  are  provided  by  the  park  commissioners  in  all  of  the  parks.  Bi- 
cycle road  racing  is  indulged  in  on  the  principal  boulevards  and  drives. 

Palace  Coach. — A  novel  four-wheeled  cab  may  be  seen  on  the  streets. 
The  body  is  four  feet  four  inches  in  width  and  six  feet  in  length.  It  seats 
six  persons. 


380  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

People's  Institute.— Located  on  Van  Buren  st.  between  Leavitt  st.  and 
Oakley  ave;  opened  December  18,  1892.  Conducted  on  the  university 
extension  plan.  Popular  lectures,  music,  etc.  Lectures  by  prominent 
citizens,  university  professors,  ministers  of  the  gospel,  etc.,  on  stated  even- 
ings; concerts  and  other  entertainments  afternoons.  On  Saturdays  the 
institute  is  devoted  to  children  and  youth  for  oratory,  declamations,  debates, 
drills  in  music,  stereoptical  illustrations  and  lectures  on  national  topics. 
Sunday  afternoon  meetings  open  for  all  denominations.  Labor  organiza- 
tions, patriotic  and  philanthropical  societies  have  the  use  of  the  hall  on 
certain  occasions.  Principal  object  of  the  institute,  the  education  of  those 
who  are  unable  to  take  advantage  of  the  higher  schools  and  universities. 
Admission  free  at  all  times. 

Population  of  American  Cities. — The  population  of  the  principal  cities  of 
the  United  States,  according  to  the  census  of  1890,  was  as  follows :  New  York, 
1,513,501;  Chicago,  1,098,576;  Philadelphia.  1,044,894;  Brooklyn,  804,377;  St. 
Louis,  460,357;  Boston,  446,507;  Baltimore,  433,639;  San  Francisco,  297,990; 
Cincinnati,  296,309;  Cleveland,  261,546;  Buff alo,  255,543 ;  New  Orleans,  241,995; 
Pittsburgh,  238,473 ;  Washington,  228,160;  Detroit,  207,791 ;  Milwaukee,  203,979 ; 
Newark,  182,020;  Louisville,  185,756;  Minneapolis,  164,780;  Jersey  City,  163,987; 
Rochester,  135,302;  Omaha,  134,742;  St.  Paul,  133,156;  Providence,  132,043; 
Denver,  126,186;  Indianapolis,  125,000;  Kansas  City,  105,000;  Allegheny  City, 
104,967;  Scranton,  95,000;  Albany,  93,523;  New  Haven,  85,981;  Worcester, 
82,133 ;  Richmond,  80,300;  Patterson,  78,300;  Memphis,  75,360. 

Population  of  foreign  Cities. — The  population  of  the  great  cities  of 
foreign  countries  is  as  follows,  with  the  census  years:  London  (1889),  4,351,- 
738;  Paris  (1886),  2,344,550;  Berlin  (1885),  1,315,287:  Vienna  (1889),  1,350,000; 
Tokio  (1887),  1,165,048;  St.  Petersburg  (1888),  978,309;  Constantinople  (1885), 
873,565. 

PulasTci  Hall.— Location,  796  to  800  S.  Ashland  Ave.,  center  of  the  Polish 
colony  of  Chicago.  Building  cost  $50,000.  The  front  is  made  of  brown  terra 
cotta  and  is  ornamented  by  a  large  bust  of  the  Polish  hero  who  fell  at 
Savannah  during  the  American  revolution — Casimir  Pulaski.  The  building 
contains  a  large  auditorium,  capable  of  seating  1,600  persons,  and  eleven 
meeting-rooms,  a  reading-room,  a  dining-room  and  a  large  and  well 
equipped  gymnasium.  It  is  the  intention  of  the  directors  of  the  association 
to  erect  in  the  near  future  a  large  building  on  adjoining  lots  for  school  and 
library  purposes. 

Relic  House.— Located,  at  900  N.  Clark  st.,  just  north  of  Lincoln  Park. 
Take  N.  Clark  st.  cable  car.  William  Lindemann,  proprietor.  One  of  the 
most  interesting  attractions  of  Chicago  for  the  visitor.  The  building  is 
constructed  of  material  taken  from  the  great  Chicago  fire  of  1871.  It  is 
filled  with  relics  and  souvenirs  of  that  terrible  calamity,  and  one  can  spend 
an  hour  here  very  pleasantly.  Refreshments  of  all  kinds  are  served  by 
polite  waiters.  It  is  but  a  short  walk  from  any  part  of  Lincoln  Park. 

Revenge  Circular. — The  following  is  the  full  text  of  the  circular  issued 
by  the  anarchists  of  Chicago,  after  the  suppression  by  the  police  of  the  riot 
on  "the  Black  Road."  It  was  written  by  Adolph  Spies,  afterward  exe- 
cuted for  his  part  in  the  Haymarket  massacre: 

"Revenge!  Workingmen  to  arms!  Your  masters  sent  out  their  blood- 
hounds, the  police.  They  killed  six  of  your  brothers  at  McCormicks  this 
afternoon.  They  killed  the  poor  wretches  because  they  had  the  courage  to 
disobey  the  supreme  will  of  your  bosses;  they  killed  them  because  they 
dared  to  ask  for  the  shortening  of  the  hours  of  toil ;  they  killed  them  to 
show  you,  free  American  citizens,  that  you  must  be  satisfied  and  contented 
with  whatever  your  bosses  condescend  to  allow  you,  or  you  will  get  killed. 
You  have  for  years  suffered  unmeasurable  iniquities;  you  have  worked 
yourselves  to  death ;  you  have  endured  the  pangs  of  want  and  hunger ;  your 
children  you  have  sacrificed  to  the  factory  lords— in  fact  you  have  been 
miserable  and  obedient  slaves  all  these  years.  Why?  To  satisfy  the  insati- 
able greed,  to  fill  the  coffers  of  your  lazy,  thieving  masters.  When  you  ask 
them  now  to  lessen  the  burden  they  send  their  bloodhounds  out  to  shoot 


38:2  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

you— kill  you.  If  you  are  men,  if  you  are  the  sons  of  your  grandsires  who 
have  shed  their  blood  to  free  you,  then  you  will  rise  in  your  might,  Hercu- 
les, and  destroy  the  hideous  monster  that  seeks  to  destroy  you.  To  arms ! 
We  call  you  to  arms!  YOUR  BROTHERS." 

Riot  of  '77.— Outgrowth  of  the  great  railroad  strike  throughout  the 
entire  eastern  portion  of  the  United  States,  particularly  in  Pennsylvania. 
Principal  scenes  of  trouble  in  Chicago:  S.  Halsted  st.  from  viaduct  to  the 
Union  Stock  Yards;  railroad  tracks  at  Sixteenth  st. ;  W.  Twelfth  st.  Turner 
Hall  and  the  entii'e  southwestern  portion  of  the  city.  The  riot  threatened 
serious  consequences  for  some  days,  but  was  finally  quelled  by  the  arrival 
of  United  States  troops  from  the  plains. 

"  Rookery."— After  the  great  fire  of  1871  the  municipality  erected  for 
temporary  use  a  two-story  brick  building  on  the  half  block  bounded  by 
La  Salle,  Adams  and  Quincy  sts.,  and  the  alley  between  La  Salle  and  Clark 
sts.  and  called  it  the  city  hall.  It  was  also  occupied  by  the  courts.  The 
structure  was  put  up  in  ~reat  haste  and  without  regard  to  architectural 
beauty.  It  is  stated  that  pigeons  used  to  flock  to  the  building,  induced 
th'ther  by  a  glass  roof  which  surmounted  a  disused  water  tank  which  occu- 
pied the  center  of  the  structure  and  by  the  oats  which  fell  from  the  feed-bags 
which  the  fire  marshals  used  for  their  horses  on  the  Quincy  st.  side.  The 
story  goes  that  one  day  a  gentleman  marched  into  Mayor  Medill's  office  to 
complain  of  the  pigeon  nuisance  and  spoke  of  the  building  as  a  "  rookery." 
Whether  this  was  the  real  origin  of  the  term  or  not,  the  newspaper  reporters 
got  into  the  habit  of  calling  the  building  the  "rookery,"  and  it  was  generally 
understood  that  they  alluded  to  the  dilapidated  condition  of  the  structure, 
which  from  the  day  it  was  finished  began  to  fall  to  pieces.  At  any  rate  the 
name  clung  to  it  as  long  as  the  building  stood,  and  when  the  present  magni- 
ficent structure  took  its  place  its  owners  decided  to  retain  it.  [See  "  Rookery 
Building."] 

Saloons  in  Chicago.— The  number  of  saloons  (public  houses)  in  Chicago 
is  a  trifle  less  than  7,000. 

Sheridan  Road.— A.  beautiful  driveway  that  skirts  the  North  shore, 
between  Lincoln  Park  and  Fort  Sheridan.  This  drive  was  projected  as  a 
common  roadway,  but  the  probable  work  in  future  impi*ovements,  as  the 
country  along  the  North  shore  develops,  is  practically  immeasurable.  The 
drive  is  at  present  about  twenty-four  miles  in  length,  ranging  in  quality 
from  first-class  asphalt  pavement  to  a  plain  country  road. 

Sky-Scrapers. — A  name  given  to  the  high  office  biiildings  of  Chicago.  An 
effort  to  keep  the  height  below  160  feet  is  being  made  and  ordinances  regu- 
lating the  height  of  buildings  generally  are  in  the  hands  of  the  City  Council. 

S.  Halsted  St.  Bridge. — Erected  over  the  river  on  S.  Halsted  st.  This  is  a 
novel  draw-bridge.  It  is  lifted  into  the  air  on  piers  to  a  height  of  140  feet,  or 
five  feet  higher  than  the  famous  Brooklyn  bridge.  At  this  height  the  masts 
of  the  highest  sailing  vessels  do  not  reach  it.  The  bridge  is  raised  on  the 
elevator  principle,  because  the  river  is  narrow  and  thei-e  is  no  room  for  a 
central  pier  upon  which  the  ordinary  bridge  swings. 

Telephones. — Telephones  may  be  found  in  the  various  branch  offices  of 
the  Chicago  Telephone  company,  in  nenrly  all  drug  stores  and  in  all 
Hotels  and  public  places.  The  charge  for  messages  is  usually  ten  cents.  The 
central  telephone  office  is  located  in  the  Telephone  bldg.,  Washington  and 
Franklin  sts.,  near  mouth  of  tunnel. 

Telegraph  Service.— The  Western  Union  Telegraph  (main)  office  is  lo- 
cated in  the  Phenix  building,  Clark  and  Jackson  sts.  There  are  branch 
offices  in  nearly  all  the  leading  hotels  and  in  drug  stores,  etc.,  throughout  the 
city.  The  Postal  Telegraph  (main)  office  is  located  at  12  Pacific  ave.  Branch 
offices  of  this  company  are  likewise  located  at  convenient  points,  through- 
out the  city.  The  main  office  of  the  American  District  Telegraph  are  located 
at  501  Pullman  building ;  it  has  numerous  branches.  The  B.  &  O.  Telegraph 
office  is  at  70  Board  of  Trade;  Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Telegraph  company,  7 
Exchange  place ;  General  Fire  Alarm  Telegi-aph  company,  118  La  Salle  st.; 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  383 

Gold  and  Stock  Telegraph  company,  239  La  Salle  st.  Messengers  may  be 
called  by  any  public  telephone,  or  by  signal  boxes,  found  in  all  public 
places. 

Theatre  Trains.— Theatre  trains  for  the  accommodation  of  suburban 
residents  leave  the  city  nightly,  except  Sundays,  as  follows:  Chicago,  Burl- 
ington &Quincy,  11:30;  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  11:30;  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  Evanston  division,  11:25;  Chicago  &  North-Western, 
Milwaukee  division,  11:00  and  11 :30;  Chicago  &  North-Western,  Galena  div- 
ision, 11:00  and  11 :30;  Chicago  &  North-Western,  Wisconsin  division,  11:30; 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  11:30;  Chicago  &  Alton,  11:20;  Chicago  & 
Eastern  Illinois.  11:15;  Santa  Fe,  11:30;  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago, 
11:30;  Wisconsin  Central,  11:25;  Illinois  Central,  11:00,  11:30,  12:00. 

Tides  in  the  Lake. — There  has  been  for  years  considerable  doubt  regard- 
ing the  probability  of  tides  in  the  great  inland  lakes  of  the  United  States. 
Able  arguments  have  been  made  from  time  to  time  to  sustain  the  theory  that 
there  is  a  tide  in  Lake  Michigan  although  it  may  be  imperceptible  at  times.  An 
opportunity  for  testing  this  fact  clearly  has  arisen  since  the  construction  of 
lagoons  in  Jackson  Park,  the  site  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition.  A 
singular  phenomenon  may  be  witnessed  in  these  lagoons  by  those  who  take 
the  trouble  to  watch  closely  the  movements  of  the  water.  There  is  a  regular 
ebb  and  flow.  The  only  theory  advanced  by  cynics  to  account  for  it  so  far 
is  that  the  ebb  and  flow  are  caused  by  the  winds,  but  this  does  not  satisfac- 
torily explain  it.  The  ebb  and  flow  prevail  at  times  when  there  is  not  a 
breath  of  air  stirring;  and  on  other  occasions  the  ebb  and  flow  may  go  on 
at  irregular  intervals,  although  the  wind  had  not  changed  its  direction  in 
the  meantime.  Soundings  have  been  make  frequently  of  the  depth  of  the 
water  in  front  of  the  main  entrance  to  the  Transportation  Building  and  it 
is  found  to  vary  more  than  a  foot ;  the  current  setting  toward  the  lake  some- 
times acquires  a  velocity  of  six  miles  an  hour.  While  this  does  not  settle 
the  question  of  tidal  action  in  the  lake,  it  leaves  it  open  at  least  to  a  very 
interesting  inquiry  on  the  part  of  scientists. 

Willard  Hall. — Located  in  The  Temple,  La  Salle  and  Monroe  sts.  Noonday 
prayer  meetings  daily.  This  is  the  center  of  the  gospel  temperance  work 
and  takes  the  place  of  Farwell  Hall.  [Described  in  "  Part  1."] 

NEWSPAPERS. 

.  Chicago's  daily  newspapers,  weeklies  and  periodicals  find  readers 
among  the  30,000,000  people  who  are  dependent  upon  this  city  as  a  central 
distributing  point.  The  circulations  attained  by  Chicago  newspapers,  daily 
and  weekly,  are,  therefore,  very  large.  In  point  of  ability,  the  Chicago 
daily  newspapers  rank  with  those  of  any  other  city  in  the  United  States. 
They  expend  more  money  for  news  than,  perhaps,  the  newspapers  of  any 
other  city  in  the  world.  The  quantity  of  newspapers  mailed  annually  by 
the  publishers  at  the  Chicago  postoffice  equals  the  amount  mailed  at  Boston, 
Cincinnati,  New  Orleans,  Buffalo  and  Baltimore  combined,  or  at  St.  Louis, 
Cincinnati,  San  Francisco,  New  Orleans  and  Baltimore  combined, and  also  at 
Phi'adelphia,  New  Orleans,  Baltimore  and  Cincinnati  combined,  or  in  the  en- 
tii-e  thirteen  Southern  states,  with  St.  Louis,  combined,  amounting  to  20,000,000 
pounds  of  serial  matter.  The  newspapers  of  Chicago  have  contributed 
wonderfully  to  the  growth,  to  the  prosperity  and  to  the  fame  of  the  city. 
To  her  great  dailies  is  Chicago  particularly  indebted  for  the  intelligent  and 
wide-spread  publicity,  as  well  as  the  celebrity,  she  has  obtained  at  home 
and  abroad.  The  following  are  the  leading  publications : 

Abendpost.— Location  of  publication  office,  203  Fifth  ave.;  the  Abendpost 
Company,  proprietors.  The  Abendpost  is  a  German  daily,  piiblished  at  one 
cent  per  copy.  Its  first  number  appeared  on  September  2,  1889.  The  pub- 


384  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

lishei-s  were  Fritz  Glogaxier  and  Wm.  Kaufmann,  the  former  being  editotf 
ami  manager,  the  latter  residing  in  Cleveland,  O.  From  its  oi-iginal  modest 
office,  at  92  Fifth  ave.,  the  paper  had  to  be  removed  only  five  months  later 
to  more  spacious  quarters  at  181  Washington  St.,  and  in  March,  1892,  to  203 
Fifth  ave,,  where  it  occitpies  the  whole  five-story  building.  When  the 
Abendpost  was  seven  months  old  the  circulation  had  grown  so  large  that  it 
became  necessary  to  order  two  Goss  printing  presses,  with  a  combined 
capacity  of  48,000  four  or  six-page  papers  per  hour.  On  December  29,  1890, 
the  Abendpost  was  transferred  to  the  Abendpost  Company,  with  a  capital 
stock  of  $100,000.  Fritz  Glogauer  was  elected  president  and  treasurer; 
Julius  Goldzier,  secretary.  The  Abendpoet  is  entirely  independent  in  poli- 
tics and  appeals  to  no  class  or  faction.  It  was  successful  from  the  start, 
and  had  reached  a  bona  fide  circulation  of  35,000  on  January  1,  1892.  More 
than  nine-tenths  of  the  STibscribers,  at  the  time  stated,  resided  in  the  city 
of  Chicago.  The  Abendpost  opens  its  books  to  all  advertisers  who  wish  to 
ascertain  its  circulation.  It  ascribes  the  greater  part  of  its  financial  success 
to  this  method  of  business. 

Arbeiter  Zeitung.— Location  of  publication  office,  28-30  Market  st.  A 
German  daily  of  socialistic  proclivities.  August  Spies,  hanged  for  com- 
plicity in  the  Haymarket  bomb-throwing,  was  editor  of  this  news- 
paper at  -the  time  of  his  arrest.  A.  R.  Parsons,  also  executed,  was  one 
of  its  contributors.  It  was  then  the  open  organ  of  the  anarchistic  move- 
ment. It  still  espouses  anarchistic  doctrines,  but  not  quite  so  openly  as  in 
other  days.  It  is  published  by  the  Chicago  Arbeiter  Publication  Company, 
and  has  quite  an  extensive  circulation  at  home  and  abroad. 

Chicagske  Listy. —  Chicagske  Listy  is  the  largest  daily  newspaper  pub- 
lished in  the  Bohemian  language  in  the  United  States.  This  paper  and  the 
weekly  "Amerika"  are  published  by  the  "  Bohemian  Printing  and  Publish- 
ing Co.,"  at  372  W.  Eighteenth  st.,  Chicago,  Anthony  Kozel,  president  and 
manager;  Chas.  Vesley,  vice-president;  Joseph  Rus,  secretary,  and  Joseph 
Babka,  treasurer.  The  Chicagske  Listy  is  in  its  tenth  year  and  the  paper  is 
mostly  circulated  in  Chicago  and  suburbs,  although  it  has  a  large  circula- 
tion in  all  the  great  American  cities.  The  weekly  "Amerika"  has  a  large 
circulation  in  almost  every  state  of  the  Union,  especially  in  all  the  western 
states. 

Daily  Sun,  The  Chicago, — Harvey  L.  Goodall,  publisher  and  proprietor, 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  111.,  now  entering  its  twenty-fourth  year,  has 
a  larger  circulation  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  city  and  in  the  recently  an- 
nexed southern  territory  than  any  other  paper  published  in  Cook  county. 
While  giving  all  domestic  and  foreign  news  in  a  concise  form  it  pays  special 
attention  to  local  matters,  and  on  that  account  its  home  circulation  exceeds 
17,000  copies.  Subscription  price  6  cents  a  week,  or  $3  a  year.  The  Sun 
takes  high  rank  as  a  Chicago  advertising  medium. 

Dispatch,  The  Chicago.— 'Location,  Fifth  ave.  between  Washington  and 
Madison  sts.  A  daily  evening  newspaper  founded  and  published  by  Joseph 
R.  Dunlop  in  1892.  The  Dispatch  is  independent  in  politics,  and  is  a  bright 
and  newsy  evening  journal. 

Drovers  Journal,  The  Chicago.— With  daily,  weekly  and  semi-weekly 
editions.  Harvey  L.  Goodall,  publisher  and  proprietor,  Union  Stock  Yards, 
Chicago,  111.  The  Drovers  Journal  is  the  most  extensively  circulated  paper 
of  its  kind  in  the  United  States,  and  in  all  matters  relating  to  the  live  stock 
interests  of  the  country  is  everywhere  recognized  as  standard  authority. 
As  an  advertising  medium  for  those  who  would  address  the  farmers  and 
stockmen  of  the  West,  Southwest  and  Northwest  it  claims  to  stand  without 
a  decent  pretense  of  rivalry.  Aggregate  weekly  circulation  of  the  three 
editions, 232,100 copies.  Subscription  price:  Daily,  $4.00;  semi-weekly,  12.00; 
weekly,  $1.50. 

Mail.— Location  of  publication  office,  120 Fifth  ave.  The  Mail  Co.,  incor- 
porated, publisher;  Charles  D.  Almy,  managing  editor;  Frank  D.  Biggs, 
business  manager.  A  one-cent  evening  newspaper.  The  Mail  had  its 
origin  in  the  Chicago  P,  ess,  founded  in  1882,  by  F.  O.  Bennett;  Mr.  John  J. 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  385 

Curran  being  associated  in  its  management.  The  Press  passed  into  the 
hands  of  Messrs.  Stevens  &Dillingham,  who  changed  its  name  to  the  Evening 
Mail.  In  1885  the  Evening  Mail  was  purchased  by  the  Hatton-Snowden 
Company,  who  again  changed  its  title  to  the  Chicago  Mail.  In  1887Jt  was 
purchased  by  the  Chicago  Mail  Company,  James  J.  West  being  the  princi- 
pal stockholder,  and  upon  the  purchase  by  the  latter  of  the  Chicago  Times 
its  publication  office  was  removed  to  the  Times  building,  from  which  it  was 
issued  until  it  passed  under  the  management  and  control  of  Joseph  R. 
Dunlop,  in  December,  1891.  In  September  of  the  following  year,  Mr.  Dunlop 
retired  from  the  publication,  his  interest  being  acquired  by  a  new  incor- 
porated company.  Originally  it  was  a  democratic  paper;  under  the  man- 
agement of  the  Hatton-Snowden  Company  and  James  J.  West,  it  was 
republican.  It  is  at  present  an  independent  republican  publication. 

Daily  Globe.— Location  of  publication  office,  118  Fifth  ave.  Incorporated 
as  Daily  Globe  Publishing  Company.  The  Daily  Globe  was  founded  in  1887 
by  Horace  A.  Hurlbut,  Andrew  Matteson,  Gen.  Walter  C.  Newberry,  Adlai 
T.  Ewing,  Chas.  R.  Dennett  and  other  influential  members  of  the  Times  staff 
under  the  late  Wilbur  F.  Storey.  The  Daily  Globe  continued  under  this  pro- 
prietorship until  1890,  when  it  came  into  the  possession  of  its  present  editor 
and  publisher,  Mr.  Harry  Wilkinson,  who  owns  the  controlling  stock.  .  It  is 
a  pronounced  democratic  newspaper.  It  is  edited  with  ability,  andunderthe 
present  management  has  grown  steadily  in  circulation.  There  are  daily 
and  Sunday  editions  printed  every  morning  in  the  year. 

Daily  National  Hotel  Reporter,  The.— Established  in  Chicago  in  1871,  and 
is  older  by  several  years  than  any  other  paper  devoted  to  the  hotel  interests. 
It  is  an  eight-page  daily,  and  contains,  in  addition  to  the  arrivals  at  the 
leading  hotels  of  Chicago,  much  information  of  value  to  hotel-keepers, 
travelers,  merchants  and  business  men  generally.  The  office  of  the  paper, 
together  with  the  Travelers  and  Tourists'  Exchange,  a  bureau  of  informa- 
tion concerning  hotels,  winter  and  summer  resorts  in  the  United  States,  is 
located  at  No.  7  Monroe  st.,  Chicago.  The  editor  and  manager  is  F.  W. 
Rice. 

Daily  News. — Location  of  publication  office,  123  Fifth  ave.  Founded 
December  26,  1875.  An  independent  newspaper,  having  three  editions  daily, 
issued  at  noon,  3  and  5  o'clock  P.  M.  The  Chicago  Daily  News  Company, 
proprietors.  Victor  F.  Lawson,  editor  and  publisher.  Circulation,  daily, 
180,000  copies.  The  founders  of  the  Chicago  Daily  News  were  Melville  E. 
Stone,  Percy  R.  Meggy  and  William  E.  Dougherty.  Mr.  Dougherty's  connec- 
tion with  the  enterprise  was  very  brief.  Mr.  Meggy  retired  within  a  year 
after  the  founding  of  the  paper.  Mr.  Lawson  became  practically  the  sole 
proprietor  of  the  Daily  News  upon  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Meggy,  Mr.  Stone 
becoming  its  editor.  The  latter,  however,  after  a  time  became  a  part  owner. 
His  connection  with  the  paper  was  severed  in  1888.  Mr.  Lawson,  from  the 
first  year  of  the  existence  of  the  Daily  News,  had  been  its  publisher— in  other 
words,  its  financial  and  business  manager — and  the  almost  phenomenal 
growth  of  the  newspaper  as  a  property,  is  largely  due  to  the  intelligent 
direction  he  has  given  its  business  affairs.  The  Daily  News  at  first  occupied 
simply  a  corner  of  the  present  counting  room  for  its  business  office  and  a 
small  room  in  the  top  of  the  building  for  the  accommodation  of  its 
editorial  and  composition  departments.  Originally  it  had  a  double  cylinder 
Hoe  press,  with  a  capacity  of  3,000  per  hour.  This  gave  place  early  in  the 
history  of  the  paper  to  a  four  cylinder  Hoe,  of  a  capacity  (afterward  doubled 
by  stereotyping)  of  about  6,000  per  hour.  In  size  it  was  a  four-page  paper 
of  about  nine  by  twelve  inches  to  the  page,  and  made  up  after  the  style  of 
the  New  York  newspaper  of  the  same  name.  It  was  issued  at  noon, 
3  P.  M.  and  5  P.  M.,  daily,  and  contained  merely  the  gist  of  the  news — local, 
domestic  and  foreign — without  any  pretention  to  amplification.  Its  editorial 
was  paragraphic,  and  aimed  to  compress  ideas  and  opinions  into  the  small- 
est possible  space,  in  conformity  with  the  general  design  of  the  news 
department,  which  was  to  present  facts  stripped  of  all  surplus  verbiage. 
The  price  of  the  paper  was  one  cent,  as  it  is  now,  and  as  pennies  were  not 
in  general  circulation  the  Daily  Neivs  was  confronted  with  the  double  task 


"  Nearly  everybody  who  reads 
the  English  language  in,  around  or 
about  Chicago,  reads  The  CHICAGO 
DAILY  NEWS." — From  The  Post 
Office  Review. 


388 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 


EVENING  JOURNAL  BUILDING.-  See  Evening  Journal. 


of  introducing  and  popu- 
larizing the  smallest  unit 
of  American  coin.  Mr. 
Stone  was  an  editor  of  re- 
markable ability  and  en- 
ergy,and  every  line  in  the 
paper  was  made  to 
sparkle  under  his  direc- 
tion, yet  the  enterprise 
failed  to  meet  with  popu- 
lar support,  and  at  least 
twice  during  the  first  six 
months  of  its  existence 
theDaily  News  was  on 
the  eve  of  being  aban- 
doned as  a  failure.  In 
the  summer  of  1877  the 
great  railroad  riots  oc- 
curred, and  the  Daily 
News,  taking  advantage 
of  the  opportunity,  issued 
hourly  editions,  giving 
the  very  latest  news,  per- 
haps in  a  line,  perhaps 
in  a  sentence,  concerning 
the  progress  of  the  labor 
uprising  in  Chicago,  and 
at  other  points  of  disturb- 
anec.  This  was  while  the 
paper  was  still  using  a 
four-cylinder  press.  The 
press  hummed  from  early 
morning  until  late  at 
night,  utterly  failing, 
however,  to  meet  the  de- 
mand. Over  77,000  copies 
of  the  Daily  News  were 
struck  off  in  a  single  day 
during  these  troublous 
times.two-thirds  of  which 
were  printed  on  one  side 
only,  it  being  impossible, 
in  printer's  parlance,  to 
"turn  the  paper."  After 
the  riots  the  circulation 
fell  back  to  about  25,000 
copies  daily,  but  the 
paperhad  become  known 
to  the  people  and  from 
that  time  on  it  has  con- 
tinued to  prosper,  mak- 
ing such  remarkable  pro- 
gress in  circulation  and 
influence  as  to  have  at- 
tracted general  attention 
throughout  the  country. 
In  1877  the  Daily  News  ab- 
sorbed the  Evening  Post, 
into  which,  three  years 
previously,  the  Evening 
Mail  had  been  merged, 
tlms  securing  the  Asso- 
ciated Press  franchise. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  339 

In  1881  the  publicationof  the  morning  edition,  styled  The  Morning  News,wa,s 
begun,  for  which  the  Associated  Press  franchise  was  secured  in  1882.  The 
name  of  The  Morning  News  was  changed  to  The  Chicago  News  Record  in  1892. 
It  is  now  an  independent  publication,  but  under  the  management  of  Mr.Law- 
son.  (Office,  181  Madison  st.)  The  circulation  of  The  Daily  News  averages  180,- 
000  copies  daily ;  of  The  Chicago  News  Record,  96,000  copies  daily  (Spring  of 
1893).  The  Daily  News  employed  perhaps  thirty  persons  in  all  capacities  in 
1877.  To-day  there  are  365  people  regularly  and  exclusively  at  work  in  mak 
ing  it,  while  by  its  sale  thousands  of  men,  women  and  children  are  wholly 
or  partly  supported.  The  Daily  News  has  now  an  equipment  of  six  Hoe 
quadruple  inserting  presses,  equivalent  to  twenty-four  of  the  ordinary  sin- 
gle machines,  and  having  a  capacity  of  240,000  eight-page  papers  per  hour. 
Admission  to  the  press  room  is  sometimes  granted  visitors  on  application 
at  the  counting  room.  [See  "  Buildings."] 

Evening  Journal.— Located  at  161  Dearborn  st.  This  is  the  oldest  daily 
newspaper  in  Chicago,  having  been  started  in  1844.  Richard  L.  Wilson  was 
the  first  editor  of  the  Journal,  and  before  the  end  of  the  first  year  of  its 
existence  was  its  sole  proprietor.  Chas.  L.  Wilson,  a  younger  brother,  pur- 
chased an  interest  in  the  paper  in  1849,  and  upon  the  death  of  the  former  in 
1856  became  the  Journal's  owner  and  publisher.  Chas.  L.  Wilson  continued 
to  publish  the  Journal  until  his  death  in  1878,  soon  after  which  the 
property  passed  into  the  control  of  John  R.  Wilson,  a  nephew  of  Richard  L. 
and  Chas.  L.,  who  is  still  the  publisher  and  principal  owner.  In  1857  Andrew 
Shuman  became  managing  editor  of  the  Journal,  and  remained  in  editorial 
control  until  1888.  Fortunately  the  files  of  the  Journal  were  saved  from  the 
great  fire  in  1871,  and  they  contain  a  complete  record  of  Chicago's  wonderful 
development  from  a  frontier  village  to  its  present  proud  eminence  among 
the  world's  great  cities.  The  paper  is  now  owned  by  the  Evening  Journal 
company,  of  which  John  R.  Wilson  is  president  and  publisher. 

Evening  Post,  The.— Publication  office,  164  and  166  Washington  st.  The 
Chicago  Evening  Post  Company,  proprietors,  James  W.  Scott,  president ;  C. 
McAuliff,  managing  editor;  A.  F.  Portman,  business  manager.  The  Evening 
Post  issued  its  first  number  on  Tuesday,  April  29,  1890,  from  temporary 
quarters  at  128  and  130  Fifth  ave.  It  came  into  the  world  a  complete  news- 
paper of  eight  pages,  and  at  once  assumed  a  place  and  clientage  of  its  own. 
In  January,  1891,  it  moved  into  its  entirely  new  and  commodious  quarters, 
The  Evening  Post  building,  164  and  166  Washington  st.,  a  handsome,  modern 
structure,  especially  constructed  by  and  for  The  Evening  Post.  The  building 
has  a  frontage  of  40  feet  on  Washington  street,  and  extends  175  feet  back  to 
Calhoun  place  having  light  on  three  sides  and  from  a  roomy  court.  The 
counting  room  and  publication  office  occupy  the  ground  floor,  and  the 
editorial  rooms  the  upper  floors.  In  the  basement  are  six  Scott  presses, 
each  with  a  capacity  of  15,000  an  hour.  Each  department  is  equipped  with 
the  most  modern  devices  for  speed,  accuracy  and  convenience.  The  Even- 
ing Post  is  independent  in  politics,  as  in  all  other  things.  It  is  pre-eminently 
a  newspaper.  Direct  wires  connect  its  office  with  Washington,  New  York, 
Springfield  and  other  news  centers,  and  carry  day  by  day  a  larger  telegraph 
service  than  was  ever  before  attempted  by  any  afternoon  paper.  The 
Evening  Post  is  especially,  aside  from  its  news  features,  noted  for  the  full- 
ness and  accuracy  of  its  commercial  and  financial  reports,  its  intelligence 
of  society  and  women,  its  art,  musical  and  theatrical  features,  its  sporting 
intelligence  and  for  its  wealth  of  literary  and  miscellaneous  matter.  Its 
numerous  illustrations  are  easily  among  the  best  printed  in  the  daily  papers 
of  the  world.  They  find  a  handsome  setting  in  the  typographical  beauties  of 
the  paper's  well  printed  pages.  In  spite  of  a  continually  increasing  pressure 
upon  its  columns  by  advertisers,  The  Evening  Post  has  refused  to  exceed  its 
limit  of  eight  pages.  In  that  space  it  finds  room  to  give  a  daily  summary  of 
the  affairs  of  the  world,  in  form  at  once  complete  and  readable.  The 
appreciation  of  Chicago  people  for  such  service  is  attested  by  the  growing 
circulation  of  The  Evening  Post,  which,  within  a  year  of  its  birth,  exceeded 
that  of  any  other  paper  in  Chicago,  with  the  possible  exception  of  two,  aud 
which  has  been  rapidly  increasing  ever  since.  [See  "  Sunday  Post."] 


TIHIIB 

Afterooon  Newspaper 


OP    GHIGflOO, 


THE 

EVENING 

POST 

8    PAGES-2   GENTS. 


Sunday  •  Newspaper 

OP    GHIGflGO, 

THE 

SUNDAY 

POST 

ALL  THE  NEWS  CONDENSED. 

16    PAGES-5    GENTS. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

THE  EVENING  POST  BUILDING,  WASHINGTON  ST.,  NEAR  FIFTH  AVE 
[See  "  Newspapers,"] 


392  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Freie  Presse.— Location  of  publication  office,  90  and  94  Fifth  ave.  Rich- 
ard Michaelis,  editor.  The  Freie  Presse  was  established  in  1871  by  Rich- 
ard Michaelis.  In  politics  it  is  independent  republican,  and  has  been  so 
since  its  existence.  Its  columns  teem  with  the  latest  and  best  local  and 
telegraphic  news  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  one  of  the  features  espec- 
ially interesting1  to  the  Germans  is  the  large  amount  of  choice  and  select 
items  of  news  from  all  parts  of  Germany.  In  addition  to  daily  editions,  it 
also  publishes  a  newsy  and  interesting  weekly  edition,  and  also  a  Sunday 
edition,  under  the  name  of  Dakeim,  an  excellent  German  Sunday  newspaper. 
It  is  equipped  with  a  large  staff  of  competent  editors  and  reporters. 

Herald.— Location  of  publication  office,  the  Herald  building,  154,  156  and 
158  Washington  st.,  near  La  Salle  st.  James  W.  Scott,  publisher.  A  morn- 
ing independent,  democratic  newspaper,  published  every  day  in  the  week. 
Founded  in  the  spring  of  1881,  by  a  stock  company,  of  which  James  W.  Scott 
was  the  head.  In  its  earlier  years  it  was  an  exponent  of  the  idea  that  a 
small  newspaper  containing  all  of  the  news  in  condensed  form  was  best 
adapted  for  public  convenience  and  taste,  but  its  greatest  success  has  been 
achieved  since  it  entered  the  field  occupied  by  the  older  journals  and  vied 
with  them  in  the  magnitude  of  its  daily  editions  and  in  the  elaborate  pre- 
sentation of  news  of  every  description.  In  1883,  John  R.  Walsh  purchased 
and  still  retains  a  controlling  interest  in  the  Herald,  which  is  now  the  most 
extensively  circulated  morning  paper  in  the  West,  with  an  advertising 
patronage  that  is  second  to  none.  The  Herald  has  erected  a  magnificent 
building  for  its  exclusive  use  and  has  supplied  it  with  everything  in  the 
way  of  machinery  and  other  appliances  that  goto  make  a  first-class  news- 
paper plant.  It  is  printed  on  ten  perfecting  presses  of  the  best  pattern, 
having  a  capacity  of  more  than  100.000  copies  an  hour.  Its  news  service  is 
remarkably  comprehensive  and  complete.  In  addition  to  a  large  local  staff 
it  has  correspondents  in  every  county  seat  throughout  the  Northwest,  and 
in  every  city  of  importance  in  the  entire  country.  It  also  maintains  branch 
offices  in  New  York,  Washington.  Milwaukee  and  Springfield.  The  Herald 
was  the  first  Chicago  newspaper  to  use  illustrations  extensively.  It  now 
employs  several  artists  and  maintains  its  own  engraving  plant,  where  all 
of  its  cuts  are  manufactured  by  the  zinc-etching  process.  In  politics,  while 
the  Herald  has  not  been  bound  to  party,  it  has  been  a  consistent  supporter 
of  the  national  democratic  organization  in  its  demands  for  the  abolition 
of  the  protective  tariff.  The  executive  staff  of  the  Herald  is  as  follows: 
Publisher,  James  W.  Scott;  managing  editor,  H.  W.  Seymour;  night  editor, 
Fred.  Nye;  city  editor,  S.  P.  Browne;  business  manager, Robert  Ansley.  [See 
"Buildings."] 

Illinois  Staats  Zeitung.—  Location  of  publication  office,  N.  E.  Cor. 
Washington  st.  and  Fifth  ave.  Founded  in  the  spring  of  1848.  A  daily 
morning  newspaper  printed  in  the  German  language.  The  Staats  Zeitung 
Company,  proprietors.  William  Rapp,  editor;  Washington  Hesing,  man- 
aging editor.  The  founder  of  the  Illinois  Staats  Zeitung  was  Robert  Hoeff- 
gen,  who  invested  in  the  enterprise  $200.  Mr.  Hoeffgen  was  assisted  by  an 
apprentice,  who  received  seventy-five  cents  per  week.  In  those  days  it  was 
incumbent  upon  the  proprietor  of  a  newspaper,  not  only  to  direct  the  general 
management,  but  to  do  nearly,  if  not  all,  the  work.  At  first  the  newspaper 
appeared  as  a  weekly.  The  editor  and  proprietor  collected  advertisements 
and  solicited  subscriptions,  set  his  own  type,  ran  his  own  presses,  and,  hav- 
ing completed  his  paper  indoors,  started  out  on  the  street  with  his  entire 
edition  under  his  arm  and  distribut-d  the  same  to  his  subscribers.  In  the 
fall  of  1848  Dr.  Hellmuth,  then  being  the  editor,  the  Illinois  Staats  Ze  Hung  was 
the  only  German  newspaper  in  the  United  States  to  discover  in  the  Buffalo 
platform  the  principles  upon  which  afterward  was  founded  the  republican 
party.  The  county  of  Cook  gave  Van  Buren  a  majority  of  1,200,  no  little 
credit  of  which  was  due  to  the  Illinois  Staats  Zeitung  for  it  stanch  and 
unswerving  advocacy  of  the  principles  laid  down  in  that  campaign.  After 
the  presidential  election  Arnold  Voss  was  the  editor.  He  was  succeeded  in 
1849  by  Herman  Kriege,  and  in  1R50  Dr.  Hellmuth  again  assumed  the  edi- 
torial management.  Under  his  charge  the  paper  appeared  twice  a  week 


394  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

until  1851,  when  George  Schneider  became  connected  with  the  paper,  and 
changed  it  into  a  daily,  with  seventy  subscribers,  its  weekly  list  being  only  a 
little  over  200.  In  1853  the  circulation  of  the  Illinois  Staats  Zeitung  increased 
to  over  500,  which  necessitated  the  employment  of  three  carriers.  In  1854  the 
number  of  subscribers  had  increased  to  800.  George  Hill  Gaertner  was  at 
this  time  associated  with  George  Schneider.  As  the  Illinois  Staats  Zeitung 
was  the  first  German  newspaper  to  discover  the  cardinal  principles  of  the 
republican  party  in  the  Buffalo  platform,  so  it  was  the  first  to  oppose  the 
Nebraska  bill  and  to  begin  the  determined  opposition  to  Douglas".  It  was 
mainly  instrumental  in  leading  the  Germans  into  the  republican  party,  and 
in  1856  was  using  its  utmost  endeavors  in  behalf  of  Fremont.  In  that  ever 
memorable  campaign  between  Lincoln  and  Douglas,  in  1858,  no  paper  did 
more  for  the  success  of  Mr.  Lincoln  than  did  the  Illinois  Staats  Zeitung. 
From  this  time  on  began  to  develop  the  influence  of  the  Illinois  Staats 
Zeitung,  which  has  been  ever  felt  in  the  common  council,  the  legislature, 
but  especially  in  political  campaigns  in  Cook  county,  for  more  than  once 
has  it  been  opposed  by  the  entire  Anglo-American  press,  but  yet  has  car- 
ried the  day.  In  1861  William  Rapp  became  the  editor  of  the  Illinois  Staats 
Zeitung.  In  the  same  year  Mr.  Lorenz  Brentano  bought  out  Mr.  Hoeffgen's 
interest  and  assumed  the  editorial  management.  In  the  fall  of  that  year 
Mr.  George  Schneider  sold  his  interest  to  Mr.  A.  C.  Hesing.  Messrs.  Bren- 
tano and  Hesing  were  associated  together  until  1867,  when  Mr.  A.  C.  Hesing 
purchased  Mr.  Brentano's  interest.  In  this  year  'Mr.  .Herman  Raster 
assumed  the  editorial  management,  which  position  he  filled  until  his  death 
in-July,  1890.  The  great  fire  of  1871  claimed  the  Illinois  Staats  Zeitung  as  one 
of  its  victims.  Its  loss  was  total,  yet  it  was  among  the  first  of  the  Chicago 
dailies  to  appear,  and  that,  too,  within  forty-eight  hours  after  the  fire  hafd 
ceased.  Preparations  were  soon  made  for  permanent  quarters.  On  the 
10th  of  March,  1873,  its  present  magnificent  structure  was  completed  and 
occupied.  The  cost  of  the  same,  with  machinery,  presses,  etc.,  amounted 
to  nearly  $300,000.  The  Illinois  Staats  Zeitung  of  to-day  is,  among  the  Ger- 
man newspapers,  second  only  to  the  Neiv  York  Staats^  Zeitung  in  wealth  and 
circulation,  while  in  ability,  in  power  and  influence  it  is  not  equaled,  much 
less  surpassed,  by  any  German  newspaper  of  the  United  States.  The  com- 
bined circulation  of  the  editions  of  the  Illinois  Staats  Zeitung  amounts  to 
over  97,000,  being  larger  than  that  of  any  German  newspaper  published 
west  of  the  Alleghany  mountains. 

Inter- Ocean,  The.— Location  of  publication  office,  N.  W.  Cor.  Madison 
and  Dearborn  sts.  The  Inter-Ocean  Publishing  Company,  proprietors.  Wil- 
liam Penn  Nixon,  editor.  H.  H.  Kohlsaat,  publisher.  In  1861  the  late  James 
W.  Shehan  founded  the  Morning  Post.  In  1865  the  Post  franchise  was  pur- 
chased by  the  Republican  Company,  at  the  head  of  which  was  Charles  A. 
Dana,  at  present  editor  of  the  New  York,  Sun.  Previous  to  the  great  fire  of 
1871  the  Republican  was  conducted  by  Joseph  B.  McCullagh,  at  present  editor 
of  the  St.  Louis  Globe- Democrat.  After  the  great  fire  of  1871  there  was  little 
left  of  the  Republican  except  its  franchise,  which  was  purchased  by  the  late 
J.  Young  Scammon,  then  a  banker,  and  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Chicago, 
who,  on  March  25f  1872,  founded  The  Inter- Ocean.  The  republicanism  of  the 
initial  number  of  the  Inter-Ocean  was  of  the  most  stalwart  order,  the  pro- 
prietor indicating  the  spirit  of  the  paper  in  the  crisp  declaration,  "Independ- 
ent in  nothing;  republican  in  everything."  Mr.  Scammon  went  into  the 
enterprise  with  characteristic  zeai  and  energy,  andcallingtohisasssistance 
a  number  of  practical  and  experienced  men,  soon  made  The  Inter-Ocean  & 
political  power,  not  only  in  the  city  and  State,  but  throughout  the  North- 
west. Its  radical  republicanism  and  devotion  to  the  party  it  professed  to 
represent  were  made  so  manifest  during  the  presidential  campaign  of  1872, 
that  it  at  once  secured  an  influence  in  the  party  not  equaled  by  many  jour- 
nals of  long  standing.  The  erratic  course  of  other  journals  claiming  to  be 
republican  also  contributed  much  to  the  success  of  the  new  venture,  and 
the  circulation  of  the  paper  increased  rapidly.  Mr.  Scammon  continued  to 
be  the  sole  proprietor  of  The  Inter-Ocean  until  the  spring  of  1873,  when 
Frank  W.  Palmer,  of  DCS  Monies,  Iowa,  bought  a  large  interest  and  bo-.-mi'.: 


AN   INVITATION 


PROA 


THE  CHICAGO  HERALD 


VISITORS 


AND  RESIDENTS  ARE  INVARIA- 
BLY INTERESTED  IN  SEEING 
JUST  HOW  A  GREAT  NEWS- 
PAPER IS  MADE,  AND  EVERY 
FACILITY  IS  CORDIALLY  GIVEN 
THEM  BY  THE  "HERALD."  .  . 


ARE  WELCOME  AT  ANY  HOUR 
OF  THE  DAY  OR  NIGHT,  AND 
AS  THERE  IS  NEITHER  LOCK 
NOR  KEY  TO  THE  BUILD- 
ING, IT  NEVER  IS  CLOSED. 


THE  VISITORS'  GALLERY 

OVERLOOKS  THE  TEN  GREAT  PRESSES  ON  WHICH  IS 
PRINTED  THAT  GREATEST  OF  TWO-CENT  METROPOL- 
ITAN NEWSPAPERS.  . 

THE  CHICAGO  HERALD, 


396  GTTIDK  TO  CHICAGO. 

editor-in-chief.  Under  his  management  the  paper  prospered  until  the  panic 
of  1873  prostrated  the  affairs  of  the  country  and  caused  the  financial  embar- 
rassment of  Mr.  Scammon,  the  principal  proprietor.  In  the  fall  of  1875  the 
corporation,  under  pressure  of  a  large  indebtedness,  was  compelled  to  sell 
the  paper  to  a  new  organization.  The  transfer  brought  The  Inter- Ocean 
under  the  control  of  William  Penn  Nixon,  who  had  been  for  some  years  the 
business  manager.  Notwithstanding  the  great  depression  of  the  times,  the 
paper  was  put  on  a  firm  footing  by  the  infusion  of  new  capital,  the  intro- 
duction of  new  machinery,  and  entered  upon  a  new  era  of  prosperity. 
Through  all  its  vicissitudes  The  Inter-Ocean  maintained  its  political  integrity. 
The  weekly  Inter-Ocean  has  a  circulation  varying  from  90,000  to  140,000  copies. 
The  average  daily  and  Sunday  circulation  for  the  months  of  November  and 
December,  1892,  was  60,333.  Postage  on  The  Inter- Ocean  for  the  year  1892  was 
$31,337.38.  The  Inter  Ocean  is  printed  on  perfecting  presses  of  the  Walter 
Scott  patterns  and  was  the  first  paper  in  the  country  to  use  a  folder  attached 
to  a  perfecting  press,  printing,  folding,  cutting  and  pasting  the  paper  by 
the  continuous  action  of  the  machinery.  Until  May  1,  1880,  The  Inter-Ocean 
was  published  at  119  Lake  st.  The  establishment  was  then  moved  to  more 
commodious  and  convenient  quarters  at  85  Madison  st.  In  1890  The  Inter- 
Ocean  moved  into  its  present  handsome  structure.  The  new  building  is 
arranged  to  meet  the  requirements  of  every  department  of  a  great  metro- 
politan paper. 

News  Record,  The  Chicago.— Publication  office,  181  Madison  st.  An  expan- 
sive one-cent  morning  newspaper  (daily,  except  Sunday).  Formerly  The 
Morning  News— morning  edition  of  the  Daily  News,  Present  title  announced 
in  1892.  Victor  F.  Lawson,  publisher.  Circulation  averages  96,000  copies 
(Spring  of  1893).  [See  "  Daily  News."] 

Skandinaven,  The. — Location  of  publication  office,  the  Skandinaven 
bldg.,  183,  185  and  187  N.  Peoria  st,  West  side.  Take  Milwaukee  ave.  cable 
line,  or  Indiana  st.  horse  car  to  Peoria.  John  Anderson  Company,  publish- 
ers. John  Anderson,  president ;  Franklin  S.  Anderson,  secretary ;  L.  J.  Lee, 
treasurer;  Franklin  S.  Anderson,  business  manager;  Nicolay  Grevstad, 
editor-in-chief.  Founded  in  1866  by  John  Anderson  and  Knud  Langland. 
Present  issues:  Daily  Skandinaven,  four  to  sixteen  pages;  Sunday  Skandi- 
naven, sixteen  pages;  Weekly  Skandinaven,  sixteen  pages;  Si- Weekly 
Skandinaven  (European  edition),  no  advertisements,  ten  columns  quarto; 
monthly,  The  Husbibliothek  ("Home  Library"),  a  high-class  literary  and 
family  periodical;  forty-two  pages.  Tae-Skandinaven  was,  at  its  birth, a  four- 
page  weekly  paper.  It  remained  a  weekly  until  the  week  of  the  great  fire  of 
1871,  and  a  daily  issue  was  commenced  which  has  been  continued  without 
interruption  to  the  present  time.  Its  earliest  editor,  Mr.  Knud  Langland  (now 
deceased),  was  one  of  the  ablest  Scandinavian  journalists  of  his  times  and 
did  much  toward  popularizing  the  paper  and  extending  its  influence  and 
usefulness.  He,  however,  remained  a  partner  of  Mr.  Anderson  but  a  short 
time,  and  the  work  of  building  up  the  property  and  placing  it  upon  the  solid 
basis  which  it  occupies  to-day  devolved  entirely  upou  the  latter.  The  Skan- 
dinaven passed  through  all  the  trials  and  troubles  incident  to  the  establish- 
ment of  a  newspaper,  but,  though  in  a  small  way  at  the  beginning, 
made  steady  gains,  and  early  in  the  seventies  began  to  command 
credit,  respect  and  circulation.  To-day  it  has  a  larger  circulation 
than  any  other  paper  printed  in  the  Scandinavian  language  in  this 
country.  Mr.  Anderson,  the  head  of  the  establishment,  was  brought 
to  Chicago  by  his  parents  in  1845.  Learning  the  printing  business,  he  became 
connected  with  the  Chicago  Tribune  and  set  type  for  that  paper  when  it  was 
a  very  small  and  humble  sheet.  He  is,  therefore,  a  practical  newspaper  man, 
and  his  knowledge  of  the  art  of  printing  extended  at  an  early  age  beyond 
the  newspaper  composing  room.  The  result  of  this  has  been  the  building 
up  of  a  job  printing  establishment  in  connection  with  the  Skandinaven  which 
in  many  ways  ranks  above  some  of  the  most  pretentious  in  the  country. 
The  Skandinaven  job  department,  for  instance,  will  accept  English  copy,  and 
turn  it  out  in  Scandinavian  (which  means  Norwegian,  Danish  or  Swedish), 
German,  French,  Spanish,  Italian,  Bohemian  or  Polish  type.  All  matter  is 


GENERAL   INFORMATION,  397 

translated  (except,  perhaps,  high  class  books)  in  its  composing1  room. 
The  work  thus  produced  includes  commercial  pamphlets,  catalogues,  circu- 
lars, etc.  From  this  department,  also,  is  issued,  in  Norwegian  a  large  num- 
ber of  original  works  and  reprints.  The  John  Anderson  Company  publishes 
about  fifty  new  books  annually.  Popular  American  and  foreign  works  are 
either  translated  entire  or  adapted  for  Scandinavian  readers.  In  addition  to 
this,  the  house  is  the  largest  importer  of  Scandinavian  books  in  the  United 
States.  The  bindery  is  in  itself  one  of  the  most  important  departments,  and 
very  handsome  editions  are  produced  in  paper,  cloth  and  more  expensive 
covers.  The  practical  knowledge  of  Mr.  Anderson  has  been  felt  in  the  press 
room  as  well.  The  entire  basement  of  the  building  (with  the  exception  of  a 
portion  given  over  to  the  storage  of  paper,  which  the  firm  purchases  in  large 
quantities,  being  one  of  the  heaviest  consumers  in  the  city)is  occupied  with 
machinery  of  the  latest  pattern  and  most  moderif  devices.  The  facilities  of 
the  concern  for  turning  out  large  jobs  are  not  inferior  to  any  in  the  city. 
Mr.  Anderson's  ideas  have  naturally  made  themselves  felt  upon  the  editorial 
course  of  the  Skandinaven  and  its  allied  publications.  He  was  an  abolition- 
ist and  free  soiler  in  his  young  manhood,  and  when  it  was  a  crime  to  oppose 
the  slave  element.  He  has  always  been  a  stanch  republican.  He  believes 
in  clean  journalism  and  clean  politics,and  the  moral  tone  of  the  Skandinaven 
has  always  been  maintained  at  the  highest.  There  are  in  the  northwest 
to-day  fully  4,250,000  Scandinavians.  As  a  rule  they  are  educated,  thrifty, 
economical  and  progressive  people.  While  many  cling  to  the  cities,  and 
occupy  positions  of  honor  among  the  commercial  classes  of  Chicago, 
St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  Milwaukee,  Madison,  Eau  Claire,  Omaha,  Fargo  and 
other  cities  in  the  West,  the  great  majority  have  agrictiltural  tastes,  and 
some  of  the  finest  farms  in  the  Northwest  are  owned  and  operated  by  them. 
To  these  people  the  daily  or  weekly  editions  of  the  Skandinaven  bring 
the  news.  From  the  Skandinaven  they  obtain  the  drift  of  current 
ppjnion,  while  it  keeps  them  acquainted  with  the  world's  doings 
in  every  department  of  human  activity.  The  Husbibliothek  monthly 
brings  them  literary  contributions,  and  discusses  matters  of  interest 
to  the  householder,  the  farmer,  the  housewife  and  the  young  people. 
Naturally  they  go  to  the  Skandinaven  Printing  House  also  for  the  more  per- 
manent character  of  reading  matter,  and  hence  the  large  book  trade  of  the 
company.  People  who  want  to  talk  to  the  Scandinavians  of  the  great 
Northwest,  talk  to  them  through  one  or  the  other  of  the  editions  of  the 
Skandinaven,  and  the  advertising  patronage  enjoyed  by  the  company  is 
very  extensive  and  profitable.  Nicolay  Grevstad,  the  editor-in-chief,  who, 
with  five  assistants,  conducts  the  literary,  news  and  general  departments  of 
these  publications,  was  for  years  chief  editor  of  one  of  the  leading  dailies  in 
Christiania,  Norway.  He  is  not  only  a  ripe,  but  a  versatile  scholar,  and  his 
pen  commands  the  English,  Scandinavian,  German  and  French  languages 
with  equal  facility.  His  work  has  given  tone  to  the  pages  of  the  Skandina- 
yen,  He  is  a  tireless  worker.  No  English  journalist  can  conceive  the  daily 
task  which  confronts  the  editor  of  a  great  Scandinavian  newspaper  in  this 
country.  Everything  must  be  translated  that  is  not  originally  written  in 
Norwegian.  Everything  must  be  considered  also.  Everything  must  be 
adapted  to  the  taste  of  the  Scandinavian  reader  as  well.  The  shears  and 
paste-pot  play  a  very  unimportant  part  in  the  day's  labor.  Mr.  Grevstad 
and  his  assistants  are  at  their  desks  early  and  late,  and  the  wonder  is  that 
they  ever  find  time  to  devote  to  other  and  pleasanter  literary  labor.  Mr. 
Frank  Anderson,  the  business  manager,  took  a  three-term  course  at  the 
Madison  University  and  commenced  as  an  apprentice  in  the  establishment, 
going  through  all  the  departments  and  attaining  a  proficiency  in  the 
business.  The  Skandinaven  Building  is  a  structure  60x118,  three  stories  and 
basement,  of  modern  design  and  substantial  construction. 

Sunday  Post,  The  Chicago.— On  Sunday,  December  4,  1892,  the  Chicago 
Evening  Post  Company  began  the  publication  of  the  Chicago  Sunday  Post, 
a  condensed  Sunday  paper  of  16  pages.  This  publication,  though  less  than 
half  the  size  of  its  contemporaries,  and  sold  at  the  same  price — 5  cents — at 
once  assumed  an  equal  place  with  them  in  popular  estimation.  The  Chicago 


398  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Sunday  Post  affords  a  complete  summary  of  the  news,  and  in  addition 
comprehensive  reviews  of  society,  art,  letters  and  the  more  important 
movements  in  the  world  of  thought.  Among  its  contributors  are  many  of 
the  leaders  of  the  religious  and  literary  world.  A  few  advertisements  are 
printed,  but  they  are  not  allowed  to  encroach  upon  the  requirements  of  a 
high-class  Sunday  paper. 


.—  Location  of  publication  office,  N.  W.  Cor.  Washington  st.  and 
Fifth  ave.  The  Chicago  Times  Company,  proprietors.  Founded  in  1854 
as  a  democratic  party  paper  —  more  especially  as  a  personal  and  political 
organ  of  Senator  Douglas.  It  was  continued  with  varied  fortunes  and  by 
different  owners  as  a  democratic  paper,  representing  the  different  factions 
of  the  party,  until  1861,  when  it  was  purchased  by  Wilbur  F.  Storey.  During 
the  whole  period  of  its  existence,  until  this  purchase,  it  probably  had  never 
been  legitimately  sustained  for  a  single  week,  having  i-elied  upon  party  con- 
tributions for  sustenance.  Not  having  been  in  any  true  sense  a  newspaper, 
it  had  not  acquired  more  than  a  meager  circulation,  and  its  advertising  pat- 
ronage was  of  small  account.  When  purchased  by  Mr.  Storey  it  had  been 
for  some  time  conducted  at  a  loss  of  hundreds  of  dollars  per  week,  its  last 
owner  having  been  Mr.  Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  and  it  was  not  until  the  lapse 
of  some  months  that  Mr.  Storey  was  enabled  to  bring  it  to  the  condition 
of  a  remunerative  newspaper.  During  Mr.  Storey's  management  it  became 
one  of  the  leading  independent  democratic  newspapers  of  the  country.  It 
bolted  the  democratic  party  in  the  famous  Greeley  campaign,  and  though 
leaning  strongly  to  that  party  always,  during  Mr.  Storey's  lifetime  it 
occupied  a  position  of  independence  which  frequently  embarrassed  the 
democratic  managers,  national,  state  and  local.  In  1879  Wilbur  F.  Storey's 
health  began  to  give  way,  and  from  that  time  until  his  death,  in  1884, 
the  newspaper  which  he  had  so  ably  managed  sank  gradually  into  a 
condition  of  mediocrity.  Upon  his  death  the  property  was  placed  in  the 
hands  of  a  receiver,  and  for  ov-er  three  years,  or  until  the  winter  of  1887,  it 
lost  heavily  in  circulation  and  business,  the  ownership  of  the  property  being 
involved  in  law  suits  between  the  widow  and  heirs  at  law  of  Mr.  Storey.  On 
the2tth  of  December,  1887,  the  Chicago  Times  newspaper,  appurtenances' 
and  building  passed  into  the  control  of  James  J.  West,  who  organized  the 
Chicago  Times  Company,  which  ultimately  became  the  propi'ietor  and  pub- 
lisher of  the  paper.  From  tliat  time  on  new  life  was  infused  into  the  Times 
newspaper,  and  it  began  to  assume  something  of  its  old-time  vigor.  The 
price  being  reduced,  at  first  from  five  to  three  cents,  and  aftei*ward  to  two 
cents,  its  circulation  grew  rapidly,  and  its  advertising  patronage  increased. 
In  the  summer  of  1889  litigation  arose  among  the  stockholders,  which  re- 
sulted in  the  sale  of  the  paper,  in  September,  1891,  to  Mr.  H.  J.  Huiscamp, 
who  sold  it  the  following  October  to  "The  Newspaper  Company,"  a  close 
corporation,  wi.th  Hon.  Carter  H.  Harrison  as  general  manager  and  editor. 
In  his  salutatory  to  the  public  the  new  editor  pledged  that  "the  Times  would 
be  a  first-class  newspaper,  democratic  in  principles,  but  not  a  slave  to» 
party  ;  that  it  would  be  no  man's  organ  and  would  have  no  hobbies  to  ride 
and  no  axes  to  grind."  The  paper  is  now  free  from  all  former  complications, 
owes  no  debts,  has  abundant  financial  backing,  and  bids  fair  to  attain  to 
its  former  prosperity.  In  1892  the  price  of  the  Times  was  reduced  to  one 
cent  (except  on  Sundays)  which  added  greatly  to  its  circulation.  The  force 
of  Mu.  Harrison's  personality  is  evident  in  every  edition  of  the  paper.  The 
make-up  has  been  greatly  improved.  It  is  plain  that  there  is  a  better 
spirit  in  the  office  than  at  any  time  since  Mr.  James  J.  West  was  in  control, 
and  that  men  are  at  the  heads  of  departments  who  understand  tlie  wants  of 
the  public  and  know  something  of  the  means  employed  to  meet  them.  Mr. 
Harrison  was  four  times  elected  mayor  of  Chicago.  He  is  a  man  of  culture 
and  of  experience  in  the  ways  of  life,  at  home  and  aoroad. 

Tribune.—  Location  of  publication  office,  S.  E.  Cor.  :.'adison  and  Dear- 
born sts.  The  Chicago  Tribune  Company,  pi'oprietors.  Joseph  Medill,  edi- 
tor-in-chief ;  Robert  W.  Patterson,  general  manager.  The  Chicago  Tribune 
is  a  daily  newspaper,  with  every  equipment  necessary  to  the  successful  con- 
duct of  a  great  journal.  I*  has  the  advantages  of  age  and  experience,  and 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  399 

the  means  to  present  to  the  public  the  fullest  and  most  reliable  information 
of  events  transpiring  in  the  world.  Its  building,  erected  after  the  great  fire 
of  1871,  on  the  site  of  the  former  structure,  was  planned  and  completed  for 
the  home  of  a  great  newspaper.  There  is  no  facility  lacking.  Its  presses, 
manufactured  to  order,  combine  the  very  latest  improvements,  and  have 
the  speed  necessai'y  to  supply  any  demand  that  may  arise.  In  every  de- 
partment where  mechanics  are  important,  the  Tribune  is  unsurpassed. 
In  its  arrangements  for  the  collection  of  news  the  Chicago  Tribune  acknowl- 
edges no  superior  in  its  profession.  Its  correspondents,  many  of  whom 
have  a  national  reputation  for  their  intimate  knowledge  of,  and  promi- 
nence in,  political  and  social  affairs,  are  under  instruction  to  deliver  to 
the  Tribune,  up  to  the  latest  hour  in  every  morning  of  the  year,  impartial 
and  full  reports  of  every  event,  regardless  of  expense.  Its  financial  reports 
are  relied  upon  by  bankers,  capitalists  and  operators;  its  record  of  occur- 
rences at  home  makes  it  a  family  daily;  its  political  and  literary  features 
are  among  the  ablest  and  most  discriminating  in  the  country.  The  history 
of  a  great  newspaper,  like  the  Chicago  Tribune,  is  of  interest,  not  only  in 
its  own  country,  but  to  the  people  of  the  world  who  will  be  in  Chicago  on 
business  or  for  pleasure,  and  to  whom  the  Tribune,  through  the  editor  of 
this  work,  extends  a  welcome  invitation  to  make  an  inspection  of  its  build- 
ing and  the  operations  necessary  to  the  making  up  a  complete  record  of  the 
daily  "map  of  life."  The  first  number  of  the  Chicago  Tribune  was  issued  on 
the  10th  of  June,  1847,  in  the  third  story  of  a  building  on  the  corner  of  Lake 
and  La  Salle  sts.  One  room  was  sufficient  for  its  humble  beginnings.  Its 
founders  were  James  Kelly,  John  E.  Wheeler,  Joseph  K.  C.  Forrest  and 
Thomas  A.  Stewart.  The  history  of  the  paper  from  that  time  until  1854  is  one 
of  trials.  The  town  of  Chicago  was  in  its  swaddling  clothes;  people  were 
poor;  facilities  for  gathering  news  were  few  and  oftentimes  there  were 
none  at  all.  In  1854  two  important  events  in  the  history  of  the  Tribune  had 
occurred.  One  was  the  issuing  of  atri-weekly,  the  other  the  publication  of 
Associated  Press  dispatches,  which  association  the  Tribune  assisted  in 
organizing,  and  of  which  it  remains  a  member.  Up  to  this  time  several 
changes  had  taken  place  in  the  proprietary  interests  and  management  of 
the  Tribune.  It  was  about  this  time  that  Mr.  Joseph  Medill,  now  editor-in- 
chief  and  principal  owner,  came  to  Chicago  from  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  pur- 
chased an  interest  in  the  Tribune.  In  1855  be  became  managing  editor  and 
business  manager,  and  organized  a  staff.  It  was  at  this  time  that  the  Chi- 
cago Tribune  commenced  to  assume  the  features  of  a  metropolitan  daily 
newspaper.  The  old  press,  previously  operated  by  hand,  was  removed  to 
make  room  for  a  steam-power  press.  From  that  day  until  the  present  the 
standing  question  in  the  Tribune  office  has  been:  "How  can  we  get  more 
presses  ,  and  faster,  to  reach  the  daily  increasing  circulation  ?"  In  1858 
the  Tribune  absorbed  the  Democratic  Press*  of  this  city,  and  for  a  while  the 
paper  was  issued  as  the  Press  and  Tribune.  In  1860  the  name  of  the  paper 
was  restored,  and  in  1861,  under  an  act  of  the  legislature,  The  Tribune  Com- 
pany was  incorporated, with  a  capital  of  $200,000,  the  principal  stockholders 
being  J.  L.  Scripps,  William  Bross,  Charles  H.  R?^,  Joseph  Medill  and  Alfred 
Cowles.  Mr.  Medill  became  editor-in-chief  in  1874,  and  has  had  the  controlling 
interest  since.  It  is  under  his  administration  that  the  paper  has  reached  its 
present  extraordinary  success.  In  1871  occurred  the  fire  which  forms  one  of 
the  pages  of  the  world's  history.  On  the  night  of  the  8th  of  October  in  that 
year,  one-half  of  the  Tribune  had  been  printed.  [This  was  before  the  present 
system  of  printing  an  entire  paper  at  once  was  known.]  The  facts,  incidents 
and  other  data  of  the  fire  had  been  written  and  sent  to  the  composing  room. 
But  before  the  hour  of  going  to  press  the  flames  had  reached  the  Tribune 
building  and  driven  out  every  occupant.  It  was  soon  in  ruins,  but  two  days 
later  the  Trib une  reappeared.  The  greatness  of  the  Tribune  was  thus  shown 
in  its  resources.  Its  home  was  in  ashes  Monday  night.  On  the  following 
Wednesday  it  had  reappeared.  Mr.  Medill  procured  a  temporary  building 
on  Canal  st.,  near  Randolph,  and  the  paper  was  issued  from  thtre  Wednes- 
day morning,  with  a  very  full  account  of  the  greatest  fire  in  the  history  of 
conflagrations.  In  exactly  one  year  from  that  date  the  Tribune  had  com- 
pleted its  present  building  and  moved  into  it.  It  required  something  more 


400  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

than  money  to  accomplish  these  wonders.  This  something  the  Tribune  still 
retains,  and  it  is  that  which  has  caused  the  daily  circulation  to  travel 
upward  from  2,240  in  1855,  to  more  than  95,000  in  1892,  and  which  has  made  it 
one  of  the  greatest  advertising  mediums  in  the  whole  country.  It  is  not 
necessary  to  enlarge  upon  the  history  of  the  Tribune.  The  project  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  was  in  part  one  of  the  suggestions  of  its 
editor,  and  to  its  completeness  he  has  contributed  most  valuable  service  and 
counsel. 

NEWSPAPERS— WEEKLY  AND  OTHER  PUBLICATIONS. 

Among  the  weekly  publications  of  Chicago  there  are  many  which  rank 
with  the  best  in  the  country.  These,  together  with  other  publications  of  a 
general  character,  are  mentioned  below: 

Advance.— Published  by  the  Advance  Publishing  Company,  125  Franklin 
St.,  is  the  representative  of  the  Congregational  denomination  for  the 
Interior  and  West,  Its  first  number  was  published  in  1867.  The  Rev.  W. 
W.  Patton,  D.  D.,  afterward  president  of  Howard  University,  was  its  first 
editor,  and  the  material  interests  were  looked  after  by  a  syndicate  com- 
posed of  some  prominent  Congregational  laynren  of  Chicago.  This  regime 
was  succeeded  a  few  years  later  by  an  editorial  management  conducted  by 
General  Chas.  H.  Howard  and  Rev.  DeWitt  Talmage,  of  New  York.  The 
firm  of  C.  H.  Howard  &  Co.  were  the  publishers.  In  1882  the  Advance  Pub- 
lishing Company  was  organized  and  Rev.  Robert  West  was  elected  editor 
and  business  manager,  which  position  he  held  until  his  death.  Upon  the 
death  of  Mr.  West  the  management  was  assumed  by  the  present  govern- 
ment: Mr.  H.  S.  Harrison,  editor  and  manager;  with  Rev.  Dr.  Simeon  Gil- 
bert and  Rev.  J.  A.  Adams  on  the  editorial  staff. 

Banner  of  Gold,  The.—  Published  at  298  Dearborn  st.  A  weekly  paper  of 
sixteen  pages,  illustrated  by  the  best  artists,  printed  upon  heavy  super- 
calendared  paper.  It  is  edited  by  Colonel  N.  A.  Reed,  Jr.,  and  Charles 
Eugene  Banks,  both  old  and  well-known  newspaper  men.  Among  its  leading 
contributors  are-Opie  Read,  Stanley  Waterloo,  John  J.  Flinn,  Dr.  Leslie  E. 
Keeley,  Martha  Howe  Davidson,  LeRoy  Armstrong,  John  McGovern  and 
other  popular  writers.  While  the  Banner  of  Gold  is  the  representative  of 
the  Keeley  leagues,  the  Francis  Murphy  "  Blue  Ribbon  "  clubs,  and  the 
Woman's  Auxiliary  Keeley  leagues,  and  gives  much  space  to  their  interests, 
it  occupies  a  wide  literary  and  artistic  field.  It  takes  a  high  moral  stand 
upon  all  questions  of  public  interest.  It  advocates  all  measures  for  uplift- 
ing humanity,  and  in  every  respect  is  a  family  newspaper  of  superior  excel 
lence.  The  subscription  price  is  $2  per  annum,  in  advance. 

Belford's  Magazine. — A  high-class  monthly,  formerly  published  from 
New  York,  has  made  Chicago  its  home.  It  numbers  among  its  contributors 
the  ablest  writers  of  the  country. 

Brainard's  Musical  World.— Location  of  publication  office,  145-147  Wab- 
ash  ave.  The  S.  Brainard's  Sons  Company,  publishers.  A  valuable  maga- 
zine for  people  of  musical  taste  and  culture  and  for  professionals.  Num- 
bers among  its  contributors  some  of  the  best  writers  on  musical  subjects 
in  the  country.  Subscription  price,  $1.50  per  annum. 

Brickmaker,  The. — Location  of  publication  office,  suite  210  to  260  Monon 
block,  320  to  326  Dearborn  st.  The  Brickmaker  was  founded  by  Charles  T. 
Davis,  under  whose  proprietorship  it  still  remains.  The  Brickmaker  at 
first  occupied  small  offices  in  the  National  Life  building,  at  161  La  Salle 
st.,  at  which  place  the  publication  of  the  paper  was  continued  until  May  1, 
1892,  when  removal  was  made  to  its  present  elaborate  offices  which  cover 
the  entire  second  floor  of  the  Monon  building,  being  probably  the  finest 
newspaper  offices  of  any  trade  paper  publication  in  the  United  States.  The 
Brickmaker  is  a  semi-monthly  publication  ami  has  been  a  money-maker  for 
its  advertisers  as  well  as  its  publisher  from  its  initial  number.  The  first 
issue  of  the  paper  was  over  twenty  thousand  copies  and  the  returns  to  the 


GENERAL  INFORMATION*  •       401 

advertisers  were  so  satisfactory  and  so  prompt  that  the  foundation  of  the 
fortune  of  the  paper  was  thus  laid  from  the  beginning-.  The  paper  is  edited 
by  Mr.  Charles  T.  Davis  who  is  the  author  of  "A  Practical  Treatise  on  the 
Manufacture  of  Bricks,  Tiles  and  Terra-cotta."  This  work  passed  through 
two  editions,  over  8,000  copies  of  the  book  having  been  sold  at  $5  per  copy. 
This  work  is  now  out  of  print  but  its  place  is  being  supplied  by  "Davis' 
Encyclopedia  of  the  Clay  Manufacturing  Indiistries,"  a  work  now  nearly 
through  the  press  and  containing  over  800  pages  quarto  size  and  about  1,400 
engravings.  This  is  one  of  the  most  exhaustive  works  ever  undertaken  in 
the  i  nterest  of  any  manufacturing  industry  and  has  involved  an  outlay  on  the 
part  of  the  publisher  of  the  Brickmaker  of  over  $30,000.  Mr.  Davis  was  also  one 
of  the  associate  editors  of  the  American  Supplement  to  the  Encyclopedia 
Britannica,  and  he  is  given  credit  in  the  VI  Vol.  of  the  Century  Dictionary  for 
valuable  assistance  rendered  in  the  compilation  of  that  great  work.  Mr. 
Davis  is  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Heidelberg  where  he  paid  especial 
attention  to  all  matters  pertaining  to  chemistry  and  its  application  to  the 
industrial  arts.  Hence  it  is  that,  in  addition  to  being  the  best  recognized 
authority  in  the  world  on  clays  and  their  uses,  he  is  also  the  author  of 
"Davis'  Manufacture  of  Leather,"  "Davis1  Manufacture  of  Paper,"  and  a 
large  number  of  other  scientific  works  in  which  the  chemistry  of  applied 
arts  is  exhaustively  treated.  Mr.  Davis'  works  are  to  be  found  in  all  the 
great  libraries  of  the  world  and  are  the  accepted  standards  in  all  the  in- 
dustries of  which  he  has  treated.  It  was  the  foc\ising  of  this  vast  amount 
of  practical  information  within  the  pages  of  the  Brickmaker  which  made  its 
reading  matter  so  valuable  and  which  elevated  the  paper  to  the  highest 
grade  of  any  class  publication  issued  in  the  United  States. 

Carpentry  and  Building. — A  monthly  journal  on  architecture,  decora- 
ting, contracting,  construction  and  heating.  Published  first  of  each  month 
by  David  Williams,  New  York.  Western  office,  59  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago.  J. 
K.  Hanes,  Manager. 

Chicago  Dramatic  Journal.— -The  Chicago  Dramatic  Journal,  is  the 
successor  of  the  Chicago  Theatrical  and  Sporting  Journal,  which  was 
established  by  Adams  &  Corbitt  in  June,  1882.  On  October  1st,  1892,  the 
Chicago  Dramatic  News,  a  branch  of  the  New  York  Dramatic  News,  sus- 
pended publication  and  the  Journal  took  up  the  circulation  ,  thus  incor- 
porating the  subscription  lists  of  both  papers  into  the  one.  The  Dramatic 
Journaist3,nAs  to-day  at  the  head  of  publications  of  its  class,  and  is  a  credit 
to  its  publishers  and  the  city  that  gave  it  birth.  Mr.  Eugene  Hunt,  pro- 
prietor. Location,  Chicago  Opera  House  block, 

Chicago  Eagle,  The.— Established  is  1889  as  an  independent  political 
newspaper.  It  is  devoted  exclusively  to  politics,  and  is  extensively  read, 
not  only  in  Chicago,  but  throughout  Illinois  and  the  Northwest.  It  has  a 
regular  weekly  circulation  of  over  22,000,  and  has  been  a  financial  success 
from  the  start.  Henry  F.  Donovan  is  the  proprietor  and  editor.  The  Eagle 
enjoys  an  advertising  patronage  second  to  no  weekly  in  Chicago.  It  is  yery 
popular  with  all  people  taking  an  interest  in  politics.  Price  (subscription), 
$2  per  year. 

Citizen,  The. — A  weekly  newspaper  devoted  to  American  and  Irish  inter- 
ests, was  established  by  Hon.  John  F.  Finerty  on  Saturday,  Jan.  14,  1882, 
and  has  consequently  entered  on  its  eleventh  year.  In  politics  it  is  independ- 
ent, and,  although  friendly  to  the  Catholic  idea,  it  is  entirely  a  secular  paper. 
It  belives  in  the  union  of  all  races  and  creeds  for  the  common  good ;  believes 
also  in  a  stalwart  foreign  policy  for  America;  is  a  protectionist  in  principle, 
and  an  unswerving  advocate  of  the  independence  of  Ireland.  It  has  a  large 
constituency  throughout  the  Union  and  Canada,  but  particularly  in  the 
Northwestern  states. 

Credit  Company,  The.— Offices  in  the  Pontiac  building.  This  company 
has  achieved  such  marked  and  deserved  recognition  throughout  the  United 
States  amd  Canada,  by  reason  of  the  efficient  character  of  its  publications, 
as  to  become  of  special. interest  to  bankers,  commercial  houses,  attorneys, 


402  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

or  any  one  doing  business  through  correspondents.  Its  annual  bank  direc- 
tory, "The  Bankers  and  Attorneys'  Register,"  is  generally  recognized  as  a 
model  of  arrangement,  compilation  and  authenticity,  not  only  bearing  the 
iridoi'sement  of  the  United  States  treasury  department,  but  also  the  stamp 
of  patronage  from  every  city,  north,  south,  east  and  west.  In  addition  to 
its  adoption  as  a  bank  directory  of  the  most  recent  and  authentic  compila- 
tions, it  also  lies  upon  the  counters  of  business  houses  for  ready  reference 
in  the  issuance  of  drafts  or  other  correspondence  with  banks,  or  for  the 
purpose  of  claims,  giving  a  system  of  guaranteed  collections,  embracing 
carefully  selected  attorneys  in  every  city  and  town.  The  Bankers  and 
Attorneys'  Register  is  stipplemented  by  the  Credit  Review,  a  monthly  i-eview 
of  the  financial  and  business  world,  an  epitome  of  the  experience  and  opin- 
ions of  leaders  in  finance,  commerce,  and  trade  generally.  The  circulation 
of  these  publications  is  not  confined  to  any  one  section,  but  is  as  general  as 
is  the  distribution  of  trade  and  commerce  throughout  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  When  one  considers  the  ever-changing  condition  of  banks,  their 
officers,  capitalization  and  profits,  their  organization  in  both  new  and  old 
territory,  some  approximate  idea  may  be  had  of  the  enormous  mails,  corres- 
pondence and  reports  necessary  for  the  successful  and  accurate  compilation 
of  these  works,  to  date  of  each  issue ;  not  to  speak  of  the  machinery  of 
publication,  and  afterwards  of  the  selection  and  equipment  of  reliable  agents 
who  shall  distribute,  renewing  with  regular  patronage,  and  introducing 
with  new,  throughout  the  land. 

Economist,  The.—  Location  of  publication  office,  59  Dearborn  st.  Clinton 
B.  Evans,  editor.  A  weekly  financial,  commercial  and  real  estate  news- 
paper, with  intermediate  issues  whenever  any  great  event  in  its  field 
demands.  It  is  the  only  newspaper  in  Chicago  making  a  specialty  of  the 
money  and  security  markets,  gi-ain  and  provisions  and  real  estate,  and  has 
had  an  exceptionally  successful  career.  It  is  the  authority  on  the  subjects 
of  which  it  treats,  and  has  a  large  circulation  in  Chicago  and  elsewhere. 
The  bankers,  brokers,  capitalists,  real  estate  ownei-s  and  dealers,  intelligent 
merchants  and  students  of  finance  in  Chicago  are,  almost  without  excep- 
tion, among  its  readers,  and  it  has  a  good  and  rapidly  growing  circulation 
at  other  points  in  this  country,  as  well  as  in  London,  England,  whose 
financiers  look  to  it  for  a  considerable  part  of  their  information  on  such 
American  business  affairs  as  they  are  interested  in.  The  Economist  employ- 
ing recognized  experts  for  its  various  classes  of  work,  and  spending  money 
freely,  is  pretty  sure  to  get  the  best  there  is  in  the  line  of  news  and  com- 
ment. The  financial  and  commercial  interests  of  Chicago  are  growing  so 
rapidly  that  an  abundance  of  capital  and  enterprise  are  i-equired  to  keep  a 
newspaper  abreast  of  the  times.  The  Economist  Publishing  Company, 
which  owns  the  Economist,  seems  to  possess  both  of  these  requisites  in 
abundance.  The  Economist  publishes  weekly  a  leading  article  entitled 
"The  Business  Situation,"  which  sets  forth  the  condition  of  business 
affairs  the  world  over;  a  complete  descriptive  and  statistical  department 
under  the  head  of  "Grain  and  Provisions;"  several  columns  on  "  Money 
and  Securities  in  Chicago,"  with  full  and  accurate  quotations;  a  review 
of  the  New  York  stock  market;  and  an  elaborate  presentation  of  the  real 
estate  news  of  Chicago  and  vicinity,  often  taking  up  ten  pages  or  more.  In 
addition,  there  are  articles  each  week  on  important  economic  subjects  writ- 
ten by  the  most  capable  experts.  A  valuable  annual  number  is  issued  Janu- 
ary 1.  The  Economist,  althoiigh  started  as  recently  as  October,  1888,  has 
reached  a  very  high  position  among  American  publications. 

Exposition  Graphic,  The.— A.  quarterly  edition  of  the  weekly  Graphic  de- 
voted to  the  World's  ColumbianExposition.  Fifty-six  pages.  Printed  in  Eng- 
lish,German,  French  and  Spanish.  The  Exposition  Graphic  is  conducted  upon 
a  broad  and  comprehensive  knowledge  of  the  benefits  and  material  advant- 
ages to  accrue  to  the  United  States  and  to  the  nations  of  the  world  from  the 
great  international  peace  congress;  and  its  efforts  in  exploiting  the 
magnificence  of  the  enterprise  abroad  and  at  home  is  doing  much  to 
increase  the  interest  in  the  great  undertaking.  The  numbers  of  The  Expo- 
sition Graphic  will  undoubtedly  form  the  most  complete  and  admirable  his- 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  403 

tory  of  the  inception,  progress  and  unparalleled  success  of  the  Columbian 
Exposition  that  will  be  printed,  its  artistic  excellence  sin-passing  anything 
befoi-e  seen  in  America.  The  Graphic  Company,  publishers.  Office,  Dear- 
born and  Harrison  sts.,  Chicago. 

Farm  Tools.— Established  by  the  Farm  Tools  Pub.  Co.,  Oct.  28,  1891. 
Ben.  R.  Hyman,  editor;  Wm.  Pullen,  business  manager.  Devoted  exclusively 
to  the  interest  of  the  dealers  in  farm  implements  and  vehicles.  Succeeded 
Dec.  3,  1892,  by  Farm  Tools  Co.,  of  which-  above  editor  and  manager  are 
members,  in  connection  with  Emanuel  Loeb,  publisher. 

Farmers  Review,  The.— Publication  office,  suite  1102  and  1103  Owings 
building;  Messrs.  Hannibal  H.  Chandlar  <fe  Co.,  proprietors;  established  in 
1878.  It  is  published  every  Wednesday,  and  presents  to  its  i-eaders  a  large 
amoiint  of  practical  information  in  the  smallest  possible  space.  Its  market 
reports  are  full;  its  departments  of  agricultural,  horticultural,  stock,  dftiry, 
poultry  and  apiary,  contain  articles  of  a  practical  nature  from  the  best 
writers,  while  the  household  department  will  be  found  full  of  original  and 
selected  matter,  interesting  to  adults  and  instructive  to  the  young.  It  has 
full  reports  of  all  fairs,  stock  shows,  conventions,  etc.,  and  has  a  regular 
organized  corps  of  crop  correspondents.  The  editorial  department  is  under 
the  charge  of  Mr.  A.  S.  Alexander,  a  gentleman  of  long  practical  acquaint- 
ance with  the  needs  and  requirements  of  farmers,  and  a  clever  and  forcible 
writer. 

Figaro. — Publication  office,  Pontiac  bldg,  358  Dearborn  st. ;  a'"society 
and  literary  paper  which  has  attained  great  popularity  and  a  large  circu- 
lation among  the  elite  of  the  city.  W.  G.  F.  Dailey,  proprietor. 

Furniture. — Among  the  many  trade  journals  that  have  done  so  much 
toward  making  Chicago  world-famous  as  a  city  of  manufactures  and  trade, 
few,  if  any,  have  risen  more  rapidly  than  Furniture,  published  by  Furni- 
ture Company,  C.  M.  White  and  G.  W.  Harvey,  publishers  and  proprietors. 
The  publication  offices  are  at  suite  1007  Pontiac  bldg.  Subscription  price, 
$2  a  year.  This  journal  was  started  in  a  small  job  office  on  the  West  side 
in  March,  1889.  The  publishers  had  little  capital,  but,  being  practical 
printers  and  journalists  of  several  years' experience,  they  had  unbounded 
faith  in  Chicago,  present  and  future,  and  their  labors  were  rewarded  with 
success  from  the  start.  Furniture  has  made  its  way  to  the  front  rank 
among  journals  of  its  class,  and  is  read  in  every  state  in  the  Union ;  is 
bright,  clean,  handsomely  illustrated,  and  contains  an  average  of  about 
sixty-eight  pages  of  advertisements,  illustrations  and  reading  matter.  C. 
M.  White,  editor;  Geo.  W.  Harvey,  business  manager. 

German-American  Miller,  The. — This  is  the  only  German-American  rep- 
resentative of  the  trade  named  published  in  this  country.  It  was  founded 
in  1877,  and  for  ten  years  thereafter  was  printed  entirely  in  the  German  lan- 
guage. The  paper  presents  the  milling  news  from  both  Germany  and 
America,  and  reaches  the  German  milling  trade  in  all  parts  of  Europe  and 
North  and  Soiith  America.  At  present  it  appears  with  parallel  columns, 
German  and  English,  which  latter  featm-e  has  proven  very  successful.  Eu- 
gene A.  Sittig  &  Son,  proprietors;  publication  office,  Lake  and  Clark  sts. 

Graphic,  The.— An  illustrated  weekly  newspaper.  Twenty-four  pages. 
The  only  illustrated  weekly  in  the  West  maintaining  the  highest  standard 
of  literary  and  artistic  excellence,  and  the  only  one  in  Chicago  having  a 
national  circulation  and  influence.  The  Graphic  was  the  first  illustrated 
weekly  newspaper  to  receive  cordial  support  from  the  citizens  of  Chicago, 
and  to  be  recognized  throughout  the  West  as  an  exponent  of  illustrated 
journalism  second  to  no  other  publication  of  its  class  in  the  country.  Chi- 
cago is  realizing  its  destiny  of  becoming  the  art  and  literary  center  of 
America,  and  the  Graphic  is  an  admirable  indication  of  the  remarkable 
progress  being  made  in  tliis  direction.  The  growth  of  this  enterprising 
journal,  in  circulation,  has  been  of  the  most  gratifying  nature,  and  though 
the  youngest  of  the  great  illustrated  weeklies,  it  must  at  an  early  day  receive 
universal  recognition  as  the  foremost  periodical  of  the  country.  The  ablest 


404  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

writers  and  most  skillful  artists  contribute  to  its  pages.  G.  P.  Engelhard, 
editor  and  general  manager.  The  Graphic  Company,  publishers.  Issued 
every  Saturday.  Offices,  Dearborn  and  Harrison  sts.,  Chicago, 

Inland  Architect  and  News  Record. — Now  in  its  eleventh  year  of  continu- 
ous publication,  is  among  the  handsomest  technical  publications  of 
America.  It  has  not  only  a  national  reputation  for  the  excellence  of  its 
articles  and  artistic  illustrations,  but  an  European  as  well,  as  evidenced  by 
the  frequency  that  its  progressive  ideas  and  thoughts  are  reproduced  by 
leading  foreign  architectural  journals.  Aside  from  its  strictly  technical 
matter,  its  pages  contain  a  complete  record  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  several  architectural  and  building  organizations  of  the  country,  and 
further,  is  a  perfect  repository  of  all  the  best  there  is  in  structural  material. 
In  a  word,  this  beautiful  journal  always  contains  matter  and  engravings  of 
interest  to  laymen  as  well  as  architects  and  builders,  which  accounts  for 
its  large  circulation,  extending  all  over  the  United  States,  in  the  Canadas, 
Mexico,  South  America,  Australia,  Great  Britain,  and  in  the  states  of  conti- 
nental Europe.  Publication  office,  Tribune  bldg. 

Inland  Printer,  The.— This  magazine,  which  is  known  in  every  country 
where  printing  is  done,  and  which  occupies  a  unique  position  in  the  field  of 
technical  and  artistic  journalism,  has  its  home  at  212  and  214  Monroe  st., 
Chicago.  It  is  the  recognized  standard  authority  on  all  matters  pertaining 
to  the  graphic  arts,  and  is  the  only  journal  in  its  field  which  has  applied  for 
and  obtained  space  in  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition.  The  beauty  of 
its  typography  and  the  excellence  of  its  technical  matter  render  it  a  journal 
appreciated  no  less  by  the  general  reader  than  by  the  members  of  the 
typographical  art. 

Interior,  The. — One  of  the  oldest  of  the  religious  weeklies  of  Chicago, 
and  one  of  the  best.  Founded  in  1868.  If  it  has  any  unique  position  in 
Western  journalism,  it  may  be  denominated  as  that  of  the  leading  religious 
weekly  of  Chicago  and  the  West.  It  certainly  is  that  from  the  standpoint  of 
circulation  and  influence.  Its  proprietor*  are  the  estate  of  the  late  Cyrus 
Hall  McCormick  and  W.  C.  Gray,  Ph.  D.,  the  latter  being  senior  editor.  Pub- 
lication office,  69  Dearborn  st. 

Iron  Age,  The. — A  weekly  review  of  the  hardware,  iron,  machinery  and 
metal  trades,  published  every  Thursday  by  David  Williams,  New  York. 
Western  business  and  editorial  office,  59  Dearborn  st.,  Chicago.  J.  K.  Hanes, 
manager;  George  W.  Cope,  associate  editor. 

Legal  Adviser,  The.— Founded,  A.  D.  1861,  by  the  late  Hon.  E.  M.  Haines. 
In  1867  it  was  chartered  as  a  corporation,  by  special  act,  approved  March 
1,  of  that  year,  the  charter  declaring  this  weekly  paper  "the  proper  medium 
for  the  publication  of  all  legal  notices  required  to  be  published  in  the 
County  of  Cook."  The  paper  was  under  the  editorial  direction  of  Mr.  Haines 
until  his  death  in  April,  1889,  when  it  passed  under  the  control  of  F.  C.  Haines, 
who  is  now  president  of  the  company.  The  Legal  Adviser  is  the  oldest  law 
periodical  in  the  republic,  excepting  one  (  The  Legal  Intelligencer,  of  Phila- 
delphia). The  monthly  edition  is  especially  devoted  to  information  on 
affairs  of  local  self  government,  and  has  a  very  wide  circulation  through- 
out Illinois,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  and  generally  where  township  or- 
ganization prevails.  Andre  Matteson,  editor. 

Lumber  Trade  Journal.— Established  as  a  16-page  quarto,  in  1881,  by  S. 
D.  Morgan.  Was  purchased  in  1887  by  an  incorporated  company  with  a 
capital  of  $12,000,  of  which  George  W.  Hotchkiss,  for  many  years  secretary 
of  the  Lumbermen's  Exchange  of  Chicago,  and  the  acknowledged  lumber 
statistician  of  the  United  States,  was  made  president  and  took  editorial 
charge,  while  Walter  C.  Wright,  who  had  several  years  previously  succeeded 
Mr,  Morgan  as  secretary  of  the  National  Association  of  Lumber  Dealers, 
assumed  the  business  management.  By  the  untiring  efforts  of  these  gen- 
tlemen the  Lumber  Trade  Journal  has  entered  the  front  rank  of  class  journ- 
alism, and  from  a  16-page  issue  has  increased  to  56  pages,  with  a  circula- 
tion of  5,000,  and  has  become  the  recognized  authority  in  all  branches  of  the 
lumber  traffic  of  the  nation. 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  405 

Metal  Worker,  The.— A.  weekly  journal  of  the  stove,  tin,  plumbing,  roof- 
ing:, cornice,  furnace  and  heating  trades,  published  every  Saturday  by 
David  Williams,  New  York.  Western  business  and  editorial  office,  59  Dear- 
born st.,  Chicago.  J.  K.  Hanes,  manager;  George  W.  Cope,  associate  editor. 

Music. — An  illustrated  magazine,  of  the  size  and  general  style  of  the 
Popular  Science  Monthly;  contains  about  120  pages  octavo,  in  every  number. 
Among  its  contributors  are  the  leading  musicians  and  musical  writers  of 
the  whole  country.  It  is  the  first  magazine  of  its  class  in  the  world.  Started 
in  November,  1891,  its  success  has  been  very  encouraging.  It  is  edited  and 
mblished  by  the  well  known  musical  writer,  W.  S.  B.  Mathews,  at  240 


National  Builder,  The. — Now  in  its  sixteenth  volume,  is  a  monthly  publi- 
cation devoted  to  building  and  kindred  interests.  Edited  by  Geo.  O.  Garn- 
sey,  architect.  Each  issue  contains  one  or  more  complete  sets  of  plans  of 
dwellings,business  or  public  buildings,  with  color  plates  and  detail  drawings. 
An  invaluable  journal  for  architects,  builders,  students  and  others  inter- 
ested in  building.  An  excellent  advertising  medium  for  all  dealers  in 
building  materials.  Subscription  price,  13  per  year  prepaid.  Single  copies 
containing  plans,  25  cts. 

Nederlander,  De. — Location,  412  Blue  Island  ave.  Proprietors  and  pub- 
lishers, E.  De  Jonge,  C.  H.  Workman,  L.  Holstein.  Henri  U.  Masman,  editor. 
Only  Holland  newspaper  in  Illinois.  Published  every  Friday.  Republican 
in  politics. 

Norden. — A  weekly  political  newspaper,  in  the  Danish-Norwegian  lan- 
guage, was  established  twenty  years  ago  by  Mr.  I.  T.  Helling.  During  the 
first  ten  years  Mr.  H.  Hande  was  managing  editor.  When  he  resigned  the 
position  the  paper  had  a  circulation  of  over  10,000,  scattered  all  through  the 
Northwest.  Mr.  Hande  was  succeeded  a.s  editor  by  Prof,  Th.  Bothne  who 
had  charge  for  two  years,  when  Mr.  Hande  resumed  the  editorship  and  con- 
tinued it  until  his  death,  in  1887.  He  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  P.  O.  Stromme, 
who,  in  the  summer  of  1888,  changed  the  policy  of  the  paper,  making  it  dem- 
ocratic. As  a  consequence  many  of  the  old  subscribers  dropped  off,  but 
they  were  quickly  replaced  by  new  ones.  In  the  fall  of  '89  a  daily  edition 
was  established  under  the  name  Dagbladet.  This  was  issued  every  after- 
noon until  in  July,  1891,  when  it  was  discontinued.  In  August,  1890,  Mr. 
Relling  sold  Norden  and  the  daily  edition  Dagbladet  to  Norden  Publish- 
ing Co.,  Mr.  Relling  continuing  as  manager  until  his  death,  in  February, 
1891.  Norden  is  now  published  by  the  company,  whose  president  is  Mr.  P. 
O.  Stensland,  the  banker.  The  paper  is  16  pages  of  5  columns,  is  demo- 
cratic in  politics  and  has  a  wide  circulation,  especially  in  Illinois,  Wiscon- 
sin and  Minnesota.  It  also  circulates  in  all  other  states  in  which  there  are 
Norwegians  and  Danes,  and  in  Norway  and  Denmark,  the  Sandwich  Islands 
and  Iceland,  and  a  few  copies  are  sent  to  South  Africa  and  Madagascar. 
Since  March  12,  1892,  Norden  Publishing  Co.  has,  every  Saturday,  pub- 
lished a  special  city  edition  of  Norden  called  Chicago  Norden.  This 
paper  is  20  pages  of  5  columns,  containing  reading  matter  of  more  local 
interest  to  Chicago  readers  than  the  country-edition  Norden^  and  has  as  a 
consequence  been  met  with  great  favor  by  the  Norwegians  and  Danes  in 
Chicago,  among  whom  it  is  now  a  leading  paper  in  all  local  matters. 

Northwestern  Christian  Advocate. — Provision  was  made  for  the  publica- 
tion of  the  Northwestern  Christian  Advocate  in  Chicago  by  the  General  Con- 
ference of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  1852.  Issue  was  begun  with 
January,  1853.  Rev.  J.  V.  Watson  was  the  first  editor  and  was  succeeded  by 
Rev.  Thomas  M.  Eddy  (1856  1868),  J,  M.  Reid  (1868-1872)  and  Rev.  Arthur 

Edwards  the  present  incumbent  (1872 ).  It  is  an  official  organ  of  the  M. 

E.  Chui'ch  and  has  for  its  immediate  patronizing  territory  Michigan,  Iowa, 
Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  the  Dakotas  and  part  of  Colorado,  Nebraska  and 
Indiana. 

Northwestern  Lumberman,  The. — Established  in  1873  by  W.  B.  Judson, 
its  present  proprietor.  It  was  first  issiied  as  the  Michigan  Lumberman,  at 
Muskegon.  Mich.,  but  removed  to  Chicago,  and  the  first  number  of  the 


406  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Northwestern  was  issued  here  in  February,  1874.  It  was  changed  to  a 
weekly  in  1876  and  is  now  the  largest  journal  of  its  class  in  the  country.  It 
is  devoted  entirely  to  the  lumber  trade  and  is  particularly  distinguished  as 
a  trade  neivs  paper.  It  contains  from  20  to  24  pages  of  reading  matter 
weekly,  and  nearly  every  issue  is  illustrated.  It  contains  market  reports 
from  all  important  markets  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  makes  a 
feature  of  publishing  annually  tabulated  statements  of  pine  lumber  and 
shingle  production  throughout  the  Northwestern  states.  Subscription 
price,  $4  a  year. 

Occident,  The.— Location  of  publication  office,  Lake  and  La  Salle  sts., 
(Marine  build  ing).  The  Occident  was  called  into  life  by  Julius  Silver- 
smith and  M.  Hofmann  in  the  year  1874 — October  1st  of  that  year.  It  is  now 
in  its  twenty-first  volume  and  has  attained  a  wide  circulation  in  this 
country  and  abroad,  and  whereve«  English  is  spoken.  It  is  an  eight-page 
journal  in  the  interest  of  the  Jews,  science,  art  and  general  newrs,  etc. — forty- 
eight  columns,  thirteen  ems  pica  wide  and  twenty  inches  in  length.  It  has 
always  espoused  republican  principles.  Its  annual  subscription  price  is 
$3.  The  Occident  is  edited  by  some  of  the  most  eminent  authors,  and  is  the 
advocate  for  the  most  radical  reforms  in  all  religious  creeds.  It  is  pub- 
lished by  the  Occident  Publishing  Co.,  since  its  inception.  Julius  Silver- 
smith, M.  A.,  is  the  editor-in-chief  and  also  manager. 

Orange  Judd  Farmer. — Location  of  publication  office,  358  Dearborn  st. 
The  St.  Paul  Farmer  was  started  at  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  in  1886.  In  the  summer 
of  1888  it  was  purchased  and  moved  to  Chicago,  re-named  the  Orange  Judd 
Farmer,  and  has  since  been  published  here  under  that  title  by  the  Orange 
Judd  Farmer  Co.,  of  which  the  late  Orange  Judd  was  president  and  treas- 
ure,r  and  James  S.  Judd,  secretary  and  business  manager.  The  latter 
succeeded,  upon  the  death  of  his  father,  to  the  presidency.  The  paper  is 
devoted  to  agriculture  and  the  home,  having  different  departments,  with 
special  editors,  for  all  the  different  phases  of  farm  and  home  life.  It  is 
issued  weekly,  16  pages,  size  11x16;  subscription  price  is  $1,  and  circula- 
tion 40,000  copies  weekly. 

Prairie  Farmer,  The.— Established  at  Chicago  in  1841.  Circulation 
35,000.  A  journal  for  the  farm,  orchard  and  fireside.  Edited  by  Jonathan 
Periam.  Issued  weekly  by  the  Prairie  Farmer  Publishing  Company  at  166- 
168  Adams  st.,  Rand-McNally  building. 

Presto,  The. — Is  a  weekly  journal  devoted  to  music  in  all  its  depart- 
ments— as  a  manufacturing  industry  and  an  art.  It  is  published  in  the 
Como  block,  323-325  Dearborn  st.,  where  its  business  offices,  editorial  and 
composing  rooms  are  located.  It  was  established  in  1881  by  Mr.  Frank  D. 
Abbott,  its  present  chief  editor  and  business  manager,  as  a  weekly  journal, 
soon  afterward  becoming  a  semi-monthly,  and  in  April,  1891,  resuming  its 
weekly  issue.  Thanks  to  the  energy  and  wise  business  policy  of  Mr.  Abbott, 
who  is  by  reason  of  his  wide  experience  as  a  musician  and  musical  writer, 
eminently  fitted  to  conduct  such  an  enterprise,  The  Presto  has  become  a 
power  in  musical  journalism  inferior  to  none  in  the  territory  which  it  covers. 
Its  columns  are  filled  with  bright,  racy  matter,  even  the  most  prosaic  trade 
news  being  presented  in  an  attractive  form.  At  its  offices  visitors  and 
friends  are  always  assured  of  a  warm  welcome,  while  a  glance  at  its  pages 
will  convince  the  reader  that  energy,  enterprise  and  ability  are  the  chief 
factors  in  its  conduct. 

Railway  Age,  The. — The  Railway  Age  is  a  consolidation  of  the  Railway 
Age  and  Nort hices tern  Railroader.  The  Railway  Age  was  established  in 
Chicago  in  1876,  by  Messrs.  E.  H.  Talbott  and  H.  R.  Hobart.  The  Northwest- 
ern Railroader  was  established  in  Minneapolis  in  1887  by  H.  P.  Robinson, 
the  place  of  its  publication  being  transferred  in  1888  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.  The 
respective  papers  remained  in  charge  of  the  gentlemen  named  until  Septem- 
ber, 1891,  at  which  date  the  founder  of  the  Northiroilf-rn  BoUroadtr  pur- 
chased the  Hail  way  Age  from  Messrs.  Talbott  &  Hobart  and  consolidated  the 
two  papers  into  the  present  publication,  which  is  published  at  1112  15 
Monadnock  blk.,  Cor.  Jackson  and  Dearborn  sts.,  Chicago.  The  editors  of 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  407 

the  paper  now  are  H.  P.  Robinson,  H.  R.  Hobart  and  W.  D.  Crosman.  The 
officers  of  the  company  are  H.  P.  Robinson,  president;  H.  R.  Hobart,  vice- 
president;  H.  M.  Wilson,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  paper  is  published 
weekly,  on  Fridays,  the  subscription  price  being  $4  a  year. 

Saturday  Evening  Herald.— The  Saturday  Evening  Herald,  the  recog- 
nized organ  of  polite  society,  and  authority  upon  all  matters  of  a  social 
nature,  was  founded  in  1875  by  George  M.  McConnel,  Lyman  B.  Glover  and 
John  M.  Dandy.  In  1880  Messrs.  Glover  and  Dandy  purchased  the  interest 
of  Major  McConnel,  and  the  firm  was  known  as  Glover  &  Dandy  until  1884, 
when  a  stock  company  was  formed,  Judge  E.  R.  Paige  becoming  a  stock- 
holder. In  1886  John  M.  Dandy  purchased  the  interest  of  Mr.  Glover,  assum- 
ing the  editorial  and  business  management  of  the  paper.  In  the  eighteen 
years  of  its  existence  the  Saturday  Evening  Herald  has  gained  a  wide  and 
influential  circulation  among  the  best  families  of  this  city  and  the  towns 
tributary,  and  is  to-day  probably  the  most  favorably  known  literary, 
dramatic,  musical  and  society  journal  in  the  West.  The  publishers  have 
aimed  to  provide  for  their  constituency  a  clean,  wholesome  and  readable 
paper,  free  from  sensationalism  and  the  offensive  features  peculiar  to  many 
so-called  society  journals,  and  the  high  esteem  in  which  the  Saturday  Even- 
ing Herald  is  held  to-day  by  the  public  and  the  press  is  the  most  conclusive 
evidence  of  its  success  in  its  chosen  field.  The  offices  of  the  Herald  are 
located  in  the  Grand  Opera  House,  No.  89  Clark  st. 

Standard,  The.— The  Standard  is  the  organ  of  the  Baptist  denomination 
in  the  West.  It  was  established  in  1853.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  papers  pub- 
lished in  Chicago.  It  circulates  most  widely  in  the  states  lying  nearest  to 
the  city  of  its  publication  and  in  the  Northwest,  although  its  readers  are  to 
be  found  in  every  state  of  the  Union  and  almost  every  country  in  the  world. 
It  is  recognized  as  an  authority  among  the  Baptists  whose  membership  in 
its  field  reaches  nearly  three  hundred  thousand.  It  reports  fully  and  accur- 
ately all  important  events  which  fall  within  its  province.  It  is  not  only  the 
organ  of  the  denomination  but  as  well  a  paper  for  the  home  and  the  family. 
The  Standard  numbers  among  its  numerous  contributors  some  of  the  best 
known  men  in  the  Baptist  churches  and  those  writers  for  young  people 
whose  reputation  is  assured.  Goodman  &Dickersonare  the  publishers  and 
proprietors  of  The  Standard,  the  firm  consisting  of  Edward  Goodman,  E.  R. 
Dickersonand  J.S.  Dickerson.  Rev.  Justin  A.  Smith,  D.D.,  is  the  editor.  It 
is  published  weekly,  terms  $2.00  per  year.  Its  offices  are  at  69  Dearborn  st. 
in  the  McCormick  block,  S.  E.  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Randolph  st. 

Union  Signal.  —The  organ  of  the  World's  and  National  Woman's  Chris- 
tain  Temperance  Union  is  a  weekly  temperance  and  literary  journal.  The 
editorial  corps  consists  of  Miss  Frances  E.  Willard,  Margaret  A.  Sudduth 
and  Mrs.  Harriet  M.  Kells,  with  Lady  Henry  Somerset  as  oontributing  edi- 
tor. Some  of  the  ablest  writers  of  the  day  are  among  its  contributors. 
It  is  published  by  the  Woman's  Temperance  Publishing  Association,  The 
Temple,  Mrs.  F.  H.  Rastall,  business  manager. 

Universalist,  The.— Published  at  69  Dearborn  st.,  rooms  40  and  41,  by  the 
Western  branch  of  the  Universalist  Publishing  House,  Boston,  is  one  of  the 
oldest  religious  newspapers  in  the  city.  It  is  a  consolidation  of  the  Star  in 
the  West,  Cincinnati,  established  1827,  and  the  New  Covenant,  of  Chicago, 
established  under  the  name  of  The  Better  Covenant  in  1842,  at  Rockford  and 
St.  Charles,  and  shortly  after  removed  to  Chicago.  The  Universalist  under 
its  present  name,  is  in  its  tenth  annual  volume.  It  is  the  organ  of  the  church 
which  it  represents,  signified  in  its  name,  for  the  interior  and  western 
states.  It  is  a  large  eight-page  paper,  and  is  published  every  Saturday,  as 
above,  at  $2.50  per  annum.  Rev.  J.  S.  Cantwell,D.D.,  is  the  editor,  assisted 
by  regular  contributors  in  the  several  states. 

OUTLYING  CHICAGO. 

Both  for  the  sake  of  convenience  and  in  order  to  avoid  confusion  in 
their  arrangement  the  outlying  communities  of  Chicago,  whether  they  might 


408  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

be  properly  classed  as  districts  of  the  city  proper,  as  environs,  suburbs, 
villages  or  independent  towns,  will  be  treated  under  this  heading.  It  would 
be  impossible  to  separate  or  to  classify  them  under  separate  headings  with- 
out trying  the  patience  of  the  reader,  who,  above  everything  else,  is  seeking 
ready  information,  stripped  of  all  unnecessary  form.  There  must,  however, 
be  a  few  exceptions  to  this  rule.  Some  of  the  annexed  villages,  towns  and 
cities  have  been  so  closely  identified  with  the  city  itself  for  years  past  that 
it  would  be  out  of  the  question  to  speak  of  them  as  distinctive  communities 
now. 

CITY  AND  ENVIRONS.— For  the  benefit  of  the  visitor  it  may  be  as  well  to 
State  here  that  Chicago,  like  London,  is  in  part  "  The  City  "  and  in  part  the 
districts,  environs,  suburbs,  towns  and  cities  which,  since  its  settlement, 
have  grown  up  around  it,  and  which  from  time  to  time  have  become 
annexed.  Like  London,  the  parent  community  will  probably  always, 
in  the  future,  be  known  as  "The  City,"  while  the  annexed  districts 
will  continue  to  bear  their  distinctive  names,  as  do  Cheapside,  Picca- 
dilly, Whitechapel,  and  other  well  known  sections  of  the  British  me- 
tropolis. Hyde  Park  will  always  be  Hyde  Park ;  Bridgeport  will  always  be 
Bridgeport;  Lake  View  will  always  be  Lake  View,  and  so  on,  notwithstand- 
ing the  fact  that  as  distinctive  communities  they  have  completely  lost  their 
title  to  consideration. 

COUNTRY  HOMES. — The  great  majority  of  the  business  and  professional 
people  of  the  city  who  desire,  first  of  all,  homes  of  their  own,  find  that  the 
suburbs  offer  them  advantages  in  this  respect  which  could  not  be  obtained 
in  the  city.  It  is  a  constant  source  of  satisfaction  to  the  suburban  resident 
of  moderate  means  that  he  can  surround  himself  with  comforts-denied  the 
city  resident  of  large  means.  With  rapid  and  comfortable  transit;  with 
recent  and  almost  marvelous  improvements  in  the  sewerage,  water  and 
illuminating  systems ;  with  educational  facilities  equal  and  in  many  respects 
superior  to  those  which  may  be  had  in  the  city ;  with  religious  and  social 
advantages  of  a  character  to  satisfy  the  most  exacting  demands  of  a  moral 
and  refined  people ;  the  sxiburbs  have  grown  at  a  most  remarkable  rate,  both 
in  number  and  in  beauty.  The  stranger,  bent  upon  carrying  away  an 
intelligent  idea  of  Chicago  and  her  surroundings,  should  not  miss  the  oppor- 
tunity while  here  of  visiting  the  suburbs  and  charming  resorts  in  this  vici- 
nity. 

Railway  Lines  and  Depots. — The  facilities  ±or  transit  afforded  by  the 
various  railway  lines  centering  in  Chicago  are  complete  and  admirable.  The 
following  lines  care  for  the  suburban  traffic : 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &  SANTA  FE.— Central  depot  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave. 
Take  State  st.  cable  line  or  Dearborn  st.  horse  car  line. 

BALTIMORE  &  OHIO. — Central  depot  Harrison  st.  and  Fifth  ave.  Only  a 
short  walk  from  the  business  center. 

CHICAGO  &  ERIE.— Central  depot  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave.  Take  State  st. 
cable  or  Dearborn  st.  horse  car  line. 

CHICAGO  &  ALTON. — Central  depot  Canal  and  Adams  St.,  West  side.  Take 
cars  going  west  on  Adams,  Van  Buren  or  Madison  sts.  Only  a  short  walk 
from  business  center. 

CHICAGO  &  EASTERN  ILLINOIS. — Central  depot  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave. 
Take  State  st.  cable  or  Dearborn  st.  horse  car  line. 

CHICAGO  &  GRAND  TRUNK.— Central  depot  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave.  Take 
State  st.  cable  or  Dearborn  st.  horse  car  line. 

CHICAGO  &  NORTHERN  PACIFIC. — Central  depot  Fifth  ave.  and  Harrison  st. 
Take  Van  Buren  st.  cars  going  west  from  State  or  south  from  Madison  sts., 
or  Harrison  st.  line. 

CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN.— Central  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.,  North 
Side.  Take  Dearborn,  State  or  Wells  st.  oar  ^oin^  north.  Only  a  short  walk 
from  bxisiness  center. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  409 

CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  &  QUINCY. — Central  depot  Canal  and  Adams  sts., 
West  side.  Take  Adams,  Van  Buren  or  Madison  street  car  going  west.  Only 
a  short  walk  from  business  center. 

CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL. — Central  depot  Canal  and  Adams  sts., 
West  side.  Take  Adams,  Van  Buren  or  Madison  street  car  going  west. 
Only  a  short  walk  from  business  center. 

CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &  PACIFIC.— Central  depot  Van  Buren  and  Sherman 
sts.  Take  cars  on  Clark  st.  or  Fifth  ave.  going  south.  Only  a  short  walk 
from  business  center. 

CHICAGO,  ST.  Louis  &  PITTSBURG. — Central  depot  Canal  and  Adams  sts., 
West  side.  Take  Adams,  Van  Buren  or  Madison  st.  car  going  west.  Only 
a  short  walk  from  business  center. 

CHICAGO,  ST.  PAUL  &  KANSAS  CITY. — Central  depot  Harrison  st.  and  Fifth 
ave.  Take  Van  Buren  st.  car  going  west  from  State  or  south  from  Mad- 
ison st.,  or  Harrison  st.,  line. 

CLEVELAND,  CINCINNATI,  CHICAGO  &  ST.  Louis  ("Big  4"). — Central  depot 
foot  of  Lake  st.  Only  a  short  walk  from  business  center. 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL.— Central  depot  foot  of  Twelfth  st.  Only  a  short  walk 
from  business  center 

LAKE  SHORE  &  MICHIGAN  SOUTHERN.— Central  depot  Van  Buren  and  Sher- 
man sts.  Take  cars  on  Clark  st.,  or  Fifth  ave.,  going  south.  Only  a  short 
walk  from  business  center. 

LOUISVILLE,  NEW  ALBANY  &  CHICAGO  ("Monon  Route").— Central  depot 
Polk  st.,  and  Third  ave.  Take  State  st.  cable  or  Dearborn  st.  car  line. 

MICHIGAN  CENTRAL. — Central  depot  foot  of  Lake  st.  Only  a  short  walk 
from  business  center. 

PITTSBUG,  FORT  WAYNE  &  CHICAGO.— Central  depot  Canal  and  "Adams 
sts.,  West  side.  Take  Adams,  Van  Buren  or  Madison  st.  car  going  west- 
Only  a  short  walk  from  business  center. 

WABASH.— Central  depot  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave.  Take  State  st.  cable  or 
Dearborn  st.  horse  car. 

Suburbs  of  Chicago.—  Following  is  an  alphabetical  list  of  the  suburbs  of 
Chicago,  distance  from  City  Hall,  and  railroads  by  which  they  may  be 
reached:  ALPINE,  W.  St.  L.  &  P.,  26  miles;  ALTENHEIM,  C.  &  N.  P.,  104 
miles;  ANTIOCH,  C.  &  N.  P.,  54  miles;  ARGYLE  PARK,  Evanston  Div.  C.,  M. 
&St.  P., 514  miles;  ARLINGTON  HEIGHTS,  Wisconsin  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  22l/2 
miles;  AUBURN  PARK,  C.,  R.  I,  &  P..andC.-&  E.  I.,  9  miles;  AURORA,  C.,  B. 
&  Q.,  C.  &  I.,  C.  N.  and  W.,  39  miles ;  AUSTIN,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  54  miles ; 
BARRINGTON,  Wisconsin  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  31 4  miles;  BATAVIA,  Galena  Div. 
C.  AN.  W.,  36  miles;  BAYER,  C.,  St.  L.  &  P.;  BENSONVILLE,  C.,  M.  &  St.  P. 
16  miles;  BENTON,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  40  miles;  BERWYN,  C.,  B.  & 
Q.  and  I.  C.,94  miles;  BIRCHWOOD,  Evanston  Div.  C.,  M.  &  St.  P.,  adjoining 
Rogers  Park;  BLOOM,  ("Chicago  Heights,")  C.  &  E.  L,  274  miles;  BLUE 
ISLAND,  C.,  R.  I.  &P.,  16  miles;  BRAINARD,  part  of  South  Englewood;  BRE- 
MEN, C.,  R.  I.  &P.,  234  miles;  BRIGHTON  PARK,  C.,  St.  L.  &  P.,  and  C.  &A.,  7V2 
miles;  BRISBANE,  W.,  St.  L.  &  P.,  35  miles;  BUENA  PARK,  Evanston  Div.  C. 
M.  &  St.  P.,  within  city  limits;  BURLINGTON,  C.  &N.  P.,  72l/2  miles;  BURLING- 
TON HEIGHTS,  C.,  B.  &  Q.,  204  miles ;  CALVARY,  C.  &  N.  W.  and  C.,  M.  &  St.  P., 
10  miles;  CAMP  MCDONALD,  C.  &  N.  P.,  254  miles;  CAMP  LAKE,  C.  &  N.  P.,  60 
miles;  CANFIELD,  Wisconsin  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  114  miles;  CARY,  Wisconsin 
Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  34  miles;  CHELTENHAM,  I.  C.,  12  miles;  CHICAGO 'HEIGHTS, 
C.  &  E.  I.,  274  miles;  CHICAGO  LAWN,  C.  &  G.  T.,  10  miles,  CLARENDON  HILLS, 
C.,B.  £Q.,:?0  miles;  CLIFTON,  C.  &  G.  T.,  18  miles;  CLINTONVILLE,  Galena 
Div.C.&N.  W., 39  miles;  CLYDE,  C.,  B.&Q.,  10  miles;  COLEHOUR,  L.S.&M.S., 
13  miles;  CONLEY'S,  W.,  St.  L.  &  P.,  19  miles;  CORTLAND,  Galena  Div. 
C.  &  N.  W.,  55'|  miles;  CRAWFORD,  C.,  B.  &  Q.,  7  miles;  CRETE,  C.  & 
E.  L,  31  miles;  CROWN  POINT,  C.,  St.  L.  &  P.,  41  miles;  CRYSTAL  LAKE, 
Wisconsin  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  43  miles;  CUMMINGS,  N.  Y.,  C.  &  St.  L.,and 
C.  &E.,  15  miles;  CUYLER,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  adjoins  Ravens- 


410  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

wood;  DALTON,  L.,  N.  A.  <fe  C.  I6yz  miles;  DAUPHIN  PARK,  I.  C.,  M.  C.  &  C.  R. 
I.  &  P.  south  of  Jackson  Park;  DEERING,  Milwaukee •  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  3 
miles;  DE  KALB,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  58*4  miles;  DESPLAINES,  Wisconsin 
Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  16Y2  miles;  DESPLAINES,  C.  &  N.  P.,  22H  miles; 
DOLTON,  C.  &  E.  I.,  and  C.,  St.  L.  &  P.,  21l/2  miles;  DOWNER'S  GROVE,  C., 
B.  &  Q.,  23  miles;  DYER,  L.  N.  A.  &  C.,  28%  miles;  EAST  GROVE,  C.. 

B.  &   Q.,  21*4   miles;     EAST    ROSELAND,  I.    C.,    12%    miles;     EDGEWATER, 
Evanston  Div.  C.,  M.  &  St.  P.,  7J4  miles;    EDISON  PARK,  Wisconsin  Div.    C. 
&  N.,  W.  12  miles;  EGGLESTON,  C.  B.  I.  &  P.,  within  the    city    (see  Auburn 
Park;    ELBOURN,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  44  miles;   ELGIN,  Galena  Div.  C. 
&N.  W.,  42  miles;  ELMHURST,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  15  miles;  ELSDON,  C. 
&  G.  T.,  9  miles;  ENGLEWOOD,  C.,  B.  I.  &  P.,  and  C.  &  E.  I.,  within  the  city ; 
ENGLEWOOD  HEIGHTS,  C.,  B.  I.&  P.,  within  the  city  ;  ENGLEWOOD  ON  THE  HILL, 
C.,  St.  L.  &  P.,  within  the  city ;  EOLA,  C.,  B.  &  Q.,  35miles;  EVANSTON,  Milwau- 
kee Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  and  Evanston  Div.  C.,  M.  &  St.  P.,  12  miles;  EVERGREEN 
PARK,  C.  &  G.  T.,  Ul/2  miles;   FAIRVIEW  PARK,  C.  St.  L.  &  P.,  VoYz  miles; 
FEEHANVILLE,  C.,  &  N.  P.,  (see  St.  Mary's  Industrial  School) ;  FERNWOOD,  C,, 
&  E.  I.,  12 miles;  FOREST  HILL,  C.  St.  L.  &  P.,  12*4  miles:  FOREST  HOME,  C.  & 
N.  P.,  10H  miles;  FORT  SHERIDAN,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  24 V4  miles; 
Fox  LAKE,  C.  &  N.  W.  and  C.  AN.  P.,  51  miles;  FRANKLIN  PARK,  W.  C.  and  C. 
M.  &  St.  P. ;  GENEVA,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  35*4  miles;   GLENCOE,  Milwau- 
kee Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  19  miles ;  GLEN  ELLYN,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  23  miles ; 
GLENWOOD,  C.  <fe  E.  I.,  3V6  miles;    GOODENOW,  C.  &  E.  I.,  34  miles;   GRAND 
GROSSING,  I.  C.,  9%  miles;  GRAYLAND,C.,  M.  &  St.  P.,  8  miles;   GRAY'S  LAKE, 

C.  &  N.  P.,  45H  miles;  GREENWOOD,  C.,  St.  L.  &  P.,  22^  miles;  GREGGS,  C.  B.  <fc 
Q.,  20%  miles;  GRIFFITH,  M.  C.,  G.  T.  and  C.  &  E, ;  GROSSDALE,  C.,  B.  &Q.,  12 
miles;  GROSS  PARK,  Milwaukee  Div.C.  &N.  W.,  4%  miles;  GURNEE,  C.,  M.  & 
St.  P.,  38  miles;  HAMMOND,  M.  C.  C.  &  W.  I.,  C.  B.  L.  Monon,  N.  Y.  C.  &  St.  L., 
C.  &  A.  <fe  Panhandle,  Indiana,  southeast  of  Chicago;  HARLEM,  C.  &  N.  P. 
[see  "Street  Car  Excursions"];   HARVEY,  I.  C.,  Big  Four  &  G.  T.,  2  miles: 
south  of    city   limits;    HAWTHORNE,    C.,  B.    &  Q.,    6  miles;     HEGEWISCH, 
M.  C.,  P.  F.W.  &  C.,  C.  &  E..  Monon,  C.  <fe.  W.  I.,  etc.,  within  the  southern  limits 
ofthecity;    HESSVILLE,  N.  Y.,  C.  &  St.  L.,  22y2  miles;  HIGHLANDS,  C.,  B.  &Q., 
17H  miles;  HIGHLAND  PARK,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  23  miles;    HIGH 
BIDGE,    Milwaukee    Div.  C.  &    N.  W.,  8*4  miles;    HINSDALE,  C.,  B.  &  Q.,  17 
miles;  HYDE  PARK,  53rd  St.,  I.  C.,  within  the  city  limits;  IRVING  PARK,  Wis- 
consin Div.  C.  <fe.  N.  W.,  6^  miles;  ITASKA,  C.,  M.  &  St.  P.,  21  miles;  JEFFER- 
SON PARK,  Wisconsin  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  9  miles;   JOLIET,  C.  &  A.,  C.,  R.  I.  &  P., 
A.  F.,&  S.FE.,  M.  C.,C.,'-M.  &St.  P.  &  C.,B.  &  Q.,  39   miles;  KENILWORTH, 
Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  15  miles;  KENOSHA,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W., 
51J^  miles;  KENSINGTON,  C.  &  E.  I.  &  I.  C.,  15  miles;  KENWOOD,  43rd  st.,  I.  C., 
part  of  Hyde  Park ;  LACTON,  C.,  B.  &  Q.,  23  miles;  LA  Fox,  Galena  Div.  C.  & 
N.  W.,  40  miles ;  LA  GRANGE,  C.,  B.  &  Q.,  14  miles ;  LA  VERGNE,  C.,  B.  &  Q.,  Wl/2 
miles;  LAKE,  M.  C.,  35  miles;  LAKE  BLUFF,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  30^ 
miles;  LAKE  FOREST,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  28^  miles;  LAKE  SIDE, 
Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  1714  miles;  LAKE  VILLA,  C.  &  N.  P.,  51 H  miles; 
LEMONT,  C.  &  A.,  25*4  miles;  LIBERTYVILLE,  C.,  M.  &  St.  P.,  32  miles;  LINDEN 
PARK,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  6*4  miles;  LISLE,  C.,  B.  &  Q.,  26  miles;  LOCK- 
PORT,  C.  &  A.  and  C.,  S.  Fe.,  37  miles;    LOMBARD,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  20 
miles;  MADISON  PARK,  50th  st.,  I.  C.,  6  miles;  MANDEL,  C.  &  N.  P.,  6  miles; 
MANHATTAN,  W.  St.  L.&  P.,  40  miles;  MAPLE  PARK,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W., 
50  yz  miles;  MAPLEWOOD,  Wisconsin  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  4*4  miles;  MARLEY,  W., 
St.  L.  &  P.,  30 miles;    MATTESON,  I.  C.,  28^  miles;    MAYNARD,  C.,  St.  L.  &  P., 
32  miles;  MA YWOOD,  Galena  Div.  C.  <fe  N.    W.,  10  miles:  MCCAFFREY,  C.  <fe  G. 
T.,  11  miles;  MELROSE.  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  WT.,  10^  miles;  MILLERS,  L.  S.  &M. 
S.,  30 miles;  MOKENA,  C.,  R.  I.  &  P.,  30  miles;  MONEE,  I.  C.,  34^4  miles;  MONT 
CLARE,  C.,  M.  &St.  P.,  10  miles;  MONTROSE,  C.  &  N.  W.,  7V&  miles;  MORELAND, 
Galena  Div.  C.  &.  N.  W.,  6  miles;   MORGAN  PARK,  C.,  R.  I.  &P.  &  B.  &  O., 
13  miles;  MORTON  PARK,  C.,  B.  &  Q.,  6'^  miles;   MOUNT  FOREST,  C.  &  A.,  16l/2 
miles;  MOUNT  GREENWOOD,  C.  &.  G.  T.,  16*4  miles;    MOUNT  PROSPECT,  Wis- 
consin Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  20  miles;  NAPERVILLE,  C.,  B.  <fe  Q.,  30  miles;  NEW 
LENOX,  C.,  R.  I.  &  p.,  34  miles;  NORMAL  PARK,  C.  &  E.  I.  and  C.,  R.  I.  &P.,  7 
miles;  NORTH  EVANSTON,  part  of  Evanston,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W-,  13 


412  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

miles:  NORWOOD,  Wisconsin  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  10»4  miles;  OAK  GLEN,  C.,M.  £ 
St.  P.,  17  miles:  OAKLAND,  39th  st  ,  I.  C.,-5  miles;  OAK  LAWN,  W.,  St.  L.  & 
P..  14  miles;  OAK  PARK,  Galena  Div.,  C.  &  N.  W.,  84  miles;  OAKWOODS, 
I.  C.,  9Ji  miles:  ORCHARD  PLACE,  C.  <fe  N.  P.,  20>4  miles;  ORLAND, 
W. ,  St.  L.  &  P.,  23  miles ;  PALATINE,  Wisconsin  Div.  C.  &  N.  W. ,  27  miles ;  PARK 
RIDGE,  Wisconsin  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  13^  miles;  PARK  SIDE,  70th  st.,  I.  C.,  8l/2 
miles;  PINE,  L.  S.  &  M.  S.,  22l/2  miles;  PRAIRIE  VIEW,  C.  &  N.  P.,  24  Vi  miles; 
PROSPECT  PARK,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  2:^4  miles;  PULLMAN,  lllth  st.,  I.  C., 
13%  miles  [see  "Pullman."] ;  RACINE,  Millwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  68  miles; 
RAVENSWOOD,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  5  miles,  within  the  limits;  RAVI- 
NIA,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  21  Vi  miles;  REDESDALE,  C.  &  G.  T.,  40  miles; 
RHODES, C.  &N.  P.,13li  miles;  RICHTON,  I.e.,  29*4  miles;  RIDGELAND,  Galena 
Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  8  miles;  RIVERDALE,  C.,  St.  L.  &  P.  andC.  <fe  E.  L,  20  miles; 
RIVER  FOREST,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.  and  W.  C.,  9  miles;  RIVER  PARK,  C.  & 
N.  P.,  15YZ  miles;  RIVERSIDE,  C.,B.  &Q.,12l/2  miles;  ROCKEFELLER,  C.  &  N.  P., 
40l/2  miles;  ROMEO,  C.  &  S.  Fe.,  41*4  miles;  ROSELAND,  I.e.  and  C.  &  W.  I., 
adjoins  Pullman;  SHERMAN,  C.  «fe  G.  T.,  1314  miles;  SILVER  LAKE,  C.  &  N.  P., 
61*4  miles;  SOUTH  CHICAGO,  I.  C.  and  C.  R.  I.  &  P.  and  B.  &  O.,  12  miles,  with- 
in city  limits;  SOUTH  ENGLEWOOD,  83rd  st.,  C.,  R.  I.  &  P.,  within  city  limits; 
SOUTH  EVANSTON,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.  and  Evanston  Div.  C.,  M.  & 
St.  P.,  11  miles,  part  of  Evanston;  SOUTH  LAWN,  I.  C.  and  C.  &  G.  T., 
2354  miles;  SOUTH  LYNNE,  C.,  St.  L.  &  P.,  11  miles;  SPRING  BLUFF,  Mil- 
waukee -Division  C.  &  N.  WM  45  miles;  STONE  WOOD,  I.  C.,  24  miles;  STOUGH, 
C.,  B.  &  Q.,  19H  miles;  SUMMERDALE,  Milwaukee  Division  C.  &  N. 
W.,  6l/2  miles;  SUMMIT,  C.,  A.  &  St.  L.,  12  miles;  SYCAMORE,  Galena  Div.  C. 
&N.  W.,  60 miles;  THATCHER'S  PARK,  C.&  N.  P.,  12V£  miles;  THORNTON,  C.  & 
E.  L,  22'4  miles;  TOLLESTON,  B.  &  O.,  L.  S.  &  M.  S.,  M.  C.,  and  P.  &  F.  W.,  25 
miles;  TRACY,  C.,  R.  I.  &  P.,  13  miles;  TREMONT,  C.,  St.  L.  &  P.,  9'4  miles; 
TREVOR,  C.  &  N.  P.,  59  miles;  TURNER,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W. ;  UPWOOD,  C., 
St.  L.  &  P.,  15  miles;  WARRINGTON,  C.,  M.  &  St.  P.,  37 miles;  WASHINGTON 
HEIGHTS,  C.,St.  L.&  P.,  16  miles;  WAUKEGAN,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.&  N.  W.,  35H 
miles;  WAUKESHA,  C.  &  N.  W.,  and  C.,  M.  <fe  St.  P.,  104*4  miles;  WAYNE,  Ga- 
lena Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  35  miles ;  WENTWORTH,  C.  &  S.  Fe,  16^4  miles ;  WTEST  RIDGE, 
adjoining  Evanston ;  WEST  ROSELAND,  C.  &  E.  I.,  12  miles ;  WESTERN  SPRINGS, 
C.,  B.  &  Q.,  17  miles ;  WHEATON,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  25  miles ;  WHEELING, 
C.  &  N.  P.,  2914  miles;  WHITING,  adjoining  South  Chicago,  B.  &  O.,  L.  S.  & 
M.  S. ;  WILD  WOOD,  (128th  st.)  I.  C.,  1614  miles;  WILLOW  SPRINGS,  C.  &  S.  Fe 
and  C.  &  A.,  17ft  miles;  WILMETTE,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  14  miles; 
WINDSOR  PARK,  I.  C.,  within  city  limits;  WINFIELD,  Galena  Div.  C.  &  N.  W., 
27  miles;  WINNETKA,  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.,  18  miles;  WOODLAWN,  I.  C., 
8*4  miles;  within  city  limits:  WORTH,  W.,  St.  L.  &  P.,  17  miles.  Some  of  the 
more  important  suburbs  are  referred  to  below : 

Auburn  Park.— Situated  on  the  C.,  R.  T.  &  P.  railroad,  nine  miles  from  the 
City  Hall,  and  accessible  by  the  C.  <fe  E.  I.  railroad.  One  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful of  the  southern  suburbs  of  Chicago.  This  charming  place  is  biit  a  few 
years  old,  and  has  a  population  of  over  5,000,  composed  almost  wholly  of  the 
best  class  of  business  and  professional  people.  Messrs.  Eggleston,  Mallette 
&  Brownell,  one  of  the  largest  and  most  responsible  real  estate  firms  in 
Chicago,  purchased  the  site  of  Auburn  Park  from  the  original  owners,  laid 
it  out  and  put  in  improvements  costing  over  $500,000  before  a  lot  was  offered 
for  sale.  The  streets  were  all  macadamized,  stone  sidewalks  built  through- 
out, and  a  double  system  of  sewerage  put  in.  Pipes  were  laid  eight  and  ten 
feet  below  the  ground  and  connected  with  the  city  system.  Other  pipes  were 
laid  for  surface  drainage.  They  were  so  constructed  as  to  be  automatically 
flushed,  thus  absolutely  preventing  an  accumulation  of  sewer  gas. 

Aurora.— Situated  on  the  C.,  B.  &  Q.  railroad  (three  divisions1),  C.  &  I., 
C.  &  N.  W.,  and  E.  J.  &  E.  railroads,  39  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  This  beauti- 
ful and  prosperous  town  is  located  on  the  Fox  river.  Here  are  to  be  found 
the  extensive  shops  of  theC.,  B.  &  Q.  railroad,  and  many  other  important 
industries.  The  town  is  laid  out  handsomely ;  it  has  numerous  fine  biiild- 
ings,  stores.'hotels/railroad  depots,  opera  house,  public  halls,  churches,  etc., 
and  is,  from  a  business  and  a  social  point  of  vieAv,  one  of  the  most  inviting  of 


414  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Illinois  towns.  From  a  population  of  11,873  in  1880,  it  grew  to  19,634  in  1890. 
Although  so  far  removed  from  the  city,  many  Chicago  people  reside  in 
Aurora. 

Austin.— Situated  on  the  Galena  division  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  railroad,  64 
miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Austin  is  one  of  the  nearest  of  Chicago's  suburbs, 
and  one  of  the  most  delightful.  It  has  grown  from  a  little  hamlet  of  900 
pe.ople  to  a  town  of  6,000  within  a  few  years,  and  gives  promise  of  becoming 
a  most  important  point  in  the  near  future. 

Berwyn. — Situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad,  nine 
and  a  half  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  The  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Illinois 
Central  railroad,  and  the  proposed  line  of  the  Ogden  Avenue  elevated  road 
also  run  by  the  property.  This  site  was  partially  subdivided  about  twenty 
years  ago,  streets  graded  and  trees  planted,  when  the  panic  of  '73  stopped 
all  further  improvements.  Not  a  house  or  even  a  depot  had  been  erected. 
The  property  then  lay  idle  until  the  summer  of  1890,  when  Wilber  J.  Andrews 
and  Charles  E.  Piper  purchased  106  acres,  laid  out  a  town  site,  built  a  $5,000 
depot  and  christened  the  place  "Berwyn."  Since  then  several  brick  store 
buildings,  a  beautiful  stone  church  building  and  about  two  hundred  resi- 
dences, costing  from  $2,500  to  $10,000.,  have  been  erected,  and  over  ten 
miles  of  streets  macadamized.  A  post-office  and  expi-ess  office  have  also 
been  established.  Messrs.  Andrews  &  Piper  subsequently  made  purchases 
of  40,  65  and  22  acres  adjoining  the  original  subdivision,  which  have  been 
subdivided  as  additions  to  Berwyn.'  They  have  also  built  another  depot  at 
Riverside  Avenue.  The  total  street  frontage  now  owned  or  controlled  by 
them  is  about  twelve  miles.  No  building  costing  less  than  $1,500  is  per- 
mitted in  Berwyn,  most  of  the  residences  costing  from  $2,500  to  $6,000.  Saloons 
are  prohibited  and  a  uniform  building  line  established  for  the  entire'suburb. 
These  restrictions  are  attracting  to  Berwyn  a  very  desirable  class  of  resi- 
dents. A  sewerage  system  is  now  nearly  completed.  An  artesian  well  has 
been  sunk  by  the  town  trustees  and  furnishes  a  splendid  supply  of  pure 
water.  Streets  and  private  residences  are  lighted  by  electricity.  Berwyn's 
beautiful  trees  and  the  uniformly  excellent  character  of  its  residences  are 
the  points  which  first  impress  a  visitor. 

Brookdale.— Situated  at  Seventieth  St.,  on  the  I.  C.  R.  R.,  and  is  7  miles 
from  the  Court  House.  Thi«  suburb  was  founded  in  1886  by  S.  E.  Gross.  A 
handsome  depot  costing  $4,000  was  erected  and  the  best  of  improvements  put 
in  so  as  to  secure  a  high  class  of  residences.  It  is  now  almost  completely 
built  up  with  fine  residences  of  various  and  pleasing  architecture.  It  is 
located  about  three  minutes  walk  from  the  World's  Fair  Grounds.  For  fur- 
ther information,  prices,  terms,  etc.,  on  property,  enquire  of  S.  E.  Gross, 
S.  E.  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Randolph  sts.,  Chicago. 

Calumet  Heights. — Was  founded  by  S.  E.  Gross,  and  embraces  150  acres 
of  high  table  land  between  Ninety-first  st.  on  the  north,  Ninety-fifth  st.  on 
the  south,  Juniata  ave.  on  the  east  and  Jeffrey  ave.  on  the  west;  one-half 
mile  west  of  South  Chicago  and  10l/2  miles  southeast  of  the  Court  House  and 
City  Hall.  From  the  business  center  of  the  city  it  is  reached  by  the  Illinois 
Central,  the  P.,  Ft.  W.  &  C.,  andL.  S.  &  M.  S.  railroads,  also  by  the  Cottage 
Grove  ave.  cable,  transferring  at  Seventy-first  st.  to  the  Calumet  Electric 
railroad  which  runs  through  the  property  on  Ninety-third  st.  In  topography 
Calumet  Heights  is  the  Kenwood  of  South  Chicago  being  covered  with  a 
beautiful  grove  of  grand  old  oak  trees.  It  is  the  most  picturesque  residence 
district  in  all  the  Calumet  region.  There  is  little  that  nature  has  left  for  the 
hands  of  man  to  do  in  increasing  the  beauty  of  this  favored  spot,  but  what 
can  be  done,  has  or  is  being  rapidly  pushed  to  completion;  streets  graded, 
side-walks  and  crossings  laid,  trees  felled  and  plants  planted  there  and  all 
underbrush  cutout.  It  will  be  tne-  residence  district  of  the  elite  of  South 
Chicago  who  naturally  desire  tne  very  best  property  to  be  had  and  its 
proximity  to  South  Chicago  insures  it  ample  police  and  fire  protection,  city 
water,  electric  lights,  gas,  etc.  Many  handsome  residences  have  been 
erected  by  the  prosperous  merchants  of  Somn  Chicago.  For  further  infor- 
mation, prices,  terms,  etc.,  on  property,  inquire  of  S.  E.  Gross,  S.  E.  Cor. 
Dearborn  and  Randolph  sts.,  Chicago. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  415 

Dauphin  Park. — Founded  and  owned  by  S.  E.  Gross;  embraces  the  400 
acres  of  land  lying  between  Eighty-seventh  st.  on  the  north,  Ninety-third 
st.  011  the  south,  the  Illinois  Central  R.  R.  on  the  east,  and  S.  Park  ave.  on 
the  west,  It  is  10  miles  south  of  the  City  Hall  and  2}/2  miles  from  the  World's 
Fair  site.  From  the  business  center  of  the  city  it  is  reached  by  the  I.  C.  R.  R. 
in  about  28  minntes ;  also  by  the  Cottage  Grove  ave.  cable,  tranferring  at 
Seventy-first  st.  to  the  Calumet  Electric  R.  R.,  which  runs  through  Dauphin 
Park  on  Cottage  Grove  ave.  Pullman  is  five  minutes'  ride  from  Dauphin 
Park,  via  the  I.  C.  R.  R.,  and  ten  minutes'  ride  via  the  Calumet  Electric  R.  R. 
South  Chicago,  the  world's  greatest  manufacturing  center,  is  reached  in 
about  twelve  minutes,  via  the  Calumet  Electric  R.  R.  The  World's  Fail- 
grounds  are  reached  via  the  I.  C.  R.  R.  in  about  five  minutes,  and  via  the 
Calumet  Electric  R.  R.  in  about  fifteen  minutes.  Besides  the  above  excep- 
tionally fine  transportation  facilities,  the  proposed  route  of  the  South  Side 
Elevated  road  to  South  Chicago  is  along  the  north  line  of  Eighty-seventh  st., 
the  northern  boundary  of  Dauphin  Park,  and  the  proposed  route  to  Pullman 
will  carry  the  elevated  road  past  Dauphin  Park  on  the  west  to  Pullman.  As 
the  city  continues  to  grow  southward  the  South  side  cable  lines  are  extend- 
ing their  tracks  and  it  can,  of  course,  be  but  a  very  short  time  until  they 
will  also  compete  with  the  above  means  of  transportation  to  the  business 
center  of  the  city  by  extending  their  State  st.  line  south  until  Dauphin  Park 
is  reached.  Beyond  all  doubt  Dauphin  Park  enjoys  the  very  finest  trans- 
portation facilities  of  any  residence  property  on  the  South  side.  Much  money 
has  been  spent  in  improving  and  beautifying  the  property.  Fine  shade  trees 
have  been  planted  in  front  of  all  lots;  broad,  uniform  sidewalks  have  been 
laid  on  all  streets  and  crossings;  all  streets  have  been  boulevarded.  Along 
the  I.  C.  R.  R.,  and  between  Dauphin  ave.,  there  has  been  laid  out  a  beauti- 
ful park  and  Dauphin  Park  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  the  only  suburb 
on  the  I.  C.  R.  R.  having  its  own  park  front.  In  the  center  of  this  park,  at 
Ninetieth  st..  the  I.  C.  R.  R.  has  erected  a  handsome  depot  at  a  cost  of  $4,000. 
Through  Dauphin  Park,  on  Cottage  Grove  ave.,  runs  the  very  large  Hyde 
Park  water  main,  with  connections  to  fire-plugs.  Branch  mains  will  be  run 
in  all  blocks  at  the  city's  expense  as  soon  as  required  by  the  development 
of  the  place.  The  city  has  recently  ordered  main  sewers  in  Eighty-seventh, 
Ninetieth,  Ninety-first  and  Ninety-third  sts.,  in  which  all  lateral  sewers  will 
run,  furnishing  excellent  drainage  for  the  property.  This  property  was 
subdivided  by  S.  E.  Gross,  with  the  intention  of  making  it  an  ideal  residence 
district  for  people  who  desired  comfortable  and  healthy  homes, away  from  the 
dust,  dirt  and  turmoil  of  the  city.  With  this  end  in  vie  w,building  restrictions 
have  been  incorporated  into  contracts  and  other  restrictions  and  limita- 
tions placed  in  the  deeds  which  permit  of  only  high  grade  improvements 
being  made.  About  100  beautiful  villas  and  houses  ranging  in  cost  from 
$1,000  to  $10,000  have  now  been  completed  and  are  occupied.  It  is  confidently 
predicted  that  Dauphin  Park  will  have  a  population  of  10,000  people  within 
five  years.  For  further  information,  prices,  terms,  etc.,  on  property, 
inquire  of  S.  E.  Gross,  S.  E.  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Randolph  sts.,  Chicago. 

Downer's  Grove.— Situated  on  the  C.,  B.  &  Q.  railroad  about  23  miles  from 
the  City  Hall.  Population,  1,500.  Downer's  Grove  is  in  the  southeast  corner 
of  Du  Page  county  and  but  a  few  miles  from  the  dividing  line  of  Cook 
county. 

Dunning. — Situated  on  a  branch  of  the  C.,  M.  &  St.  Paul  Ry.,  just  wit  bin 
the  city  limits  of  Chicago,  9'/f  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  an;1.  60  feet  above  the 
lake.  Irving  Park  Boulevard,  on  which  the  Jefferson  Street  Railway  Co. 
is  to  build  an  electric  railway,  passes  through  this  place. 

Edgewnter. — Situated  on  the  Evanston  Div.  of  the  C.,  M.  <fe  St.  P.  railroad, 
TVa  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  within 
driving  distance  from  the  business  center.  Edgewater  is  one  of  the  prettiest 
suburbs  in  the  country.  Its  situation  is  charming.  Commencing  at  the  shore 
of  the  lake  the  land  rises  by  a  gentle  and  almost  imperceptible  slope  till  it 
reaches  an  elevation  of  from  ten  to  twenty-five  feet  above  the  lake.  It  is  the 
most  complete  for  its  size  in  the  country.  When  the  improvements  were  com- 
pleted,one  hundred  houses  were  erected,  costing  from  $5,000  to  $16,000, 


416  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

exclusive  of  the  lot.  The  architecture  is  varied  and  pleasing,  Queen  Anne 
and  Colonial  style  being  frequently  used.  The  material  used  is  brick,  stone 
and  wood.  An  effort  was  made  to  avoid  building  any  two  houses  alike, 
and  hence  a  pleasing  vai-iety  and  contrast  was  obtained. 

Eggleston. — One  of  the  most  prominent  suburbs  in  close  proximity  to 
Chicago;  generally  mentioned  in  connection  with  Auburn  Park,  another 
beautiful  environ.  The  accessibility  of  Eggleston  and  Auburn  Park  is  well 
known.  Its  main  transit  line  is  the  Rock  Island  railroad,  over  which  trains 
run  the  distance  in  from  twenty  to  thirty  minutes.  The  convenience  afforded 
suburban  travelers  on  this  road  are  second  only  to  that  obtained  by  the 
patrons  of  the  Illinois  Central  line.  The  Rock  Island  depot  is  nearer  the  busi- 
ness center  of  the  city  than  is  that  of  any  other  road.  It  is  particularly  con- 
venient for  board  of  trade  men,  and,  if  for  no  other  reason,  their  number 
should  be  well  represented  among  the  residents  of  Eggleston  and  Auburn 
Park.  Besides  the  Rock  Island  road  these  twin  suburbs  have  the  C.  &  E.  I. 
railway  close  at  hand.  The  Chicago  City  Railway  Company  run  their  Went- 
worth  Ave.  car  line  through  both  Eggleston  and  Auburn  Parks  as  far  south 
as  79th  st.  and  west  to  Halsted  st.  No  one  can  view  the  rich  beauties  of  Eggle- 
ston and  Auburn  Park  property  without  becoming  more  or  less  enthusiastic, 
according  to  his  power  of  appreciation.  Unquestionably,  it  is  the 
handsomest  and  best  improved  residence  district  in  Cook  county. 
It  is  difficult  to  imagine  how  intelligent  and  well-to-do  home  builders 
can  be  persuaded  to  locate  on  crudely  improved  and  treeless  prairie 
ground,  when  the  high  ridge,  naturally  wooded  and  thoroughly  improved 
property  of  Eggleston  and  Auburn  Park  is  so  near  at  hand,  and  can 
be  had  at  the  low  prices  it  is  now  quoted  at.  »bout  four  years  of  time 
have  been  consumed,  and  over  one-half  million  dollars  have  been  ex- 
pended in  bringing  that  suburb  up  to  its  present  high  standard.  Had 
not  the  location  been  possessed  of  great  natural  advantages  and  beauty 
to  commence  with,  even  this  large  e'xpenditure  of  time  and  money 
could  not  have  made  it  what  it  now  is — could  not  have  given  it  "its  present 
enviable  position  in  the  public  estimation.  Messrs.  Eggleston,  Mallette  & 
Brownell,  the  three  gentlemen  who  pushed  forward  this  great  undertaking 
with  so  great  success,  are  justly  entitled  to  much  praise,  for  the  work  done 
by  them  has  been  of  incalculable  benefit  to  Chicago.  It  has  influenced  other 
improvers  to  take  more  pride  in  their  work,  and  to  act  more  conscientiously 
in  their  dealings  with  their  customers.  The  progress  made  by  these  three 
gentlemen  is  extremely  interesting,  and  the  result  of  their  combined  efforts 
and  capital  have  far  exceeded  their  own  and  their  friends'  expectations. 
Recognizing  the  vaUie  of  such  a  location,  they  bought  the  ground  on  which 
Eggleston  now  stands  and  commenced  to  improve  it.  Well  understanding 
that  no  locality  can  be  uniformly  improved  unless  under  the  sole  control  of 
a  single  person  or  a  syndicate,  Eggleston,  Mallette  &  Brownell  also  bought 
Auburn  Park.  Then  they  immediately  commenced  toca^ry  out  their  avowed 
plan  of  making  their  two  purchases  as  attractive  a  subdi  vision  as  labor  and 
abundant  means  could  produce.  That  they  have  accomplished  their  object, 
none  can  gainsay.  Briefly  stated,  this  property  extends  from  Seventy-first 
street  to  Seventy-ninth,  and  is  bounded  on  the  east  by  State  street,  and  has 
Wallace  avenue  for  a  western  boundary,  being  one  mile  by  one-half  mile  in 
size.  It  is  the  first  rise  of  any  consequence  back  from  the  lake,  and  is  so 
wtil  elevated  as  to  allow  of  laying  the  pipes  of  its  complete  sewer  system 
eight  and  ten  feet  below  the  surface  of  ^he  ground.  A  large  and  natural 
growth  of  oak  trees  are  everywhere  seen,  besides  which  tall  and  beautiful 
elms  border  either  side  of  the  walks.  The  owners  of  this  property,  Messrs. 
Eggleston,  Mallette  &  Brownell,  have  offices  on  the  second  floor  of  the 
Tacoma  bldg.,  and  on  the  sixth  floor  of  the  Royal  Insurance  bldg.  [See 
"Auburn  Park,  Map  and  Illustrations."] 

Elgin.— Situated  on  the  Galena  div.  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  railway,  and  on 
the  C.,  M.  &  St.  P.  railway,  forty-two  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  A  beautiful 
and  prosperous  town.  Immense  dairy  interests  are  centered  hei'e.  The 
Elgin  National  Watch  factory  and  several  other  large  industrial  institutions 
are  located  here.  Population,,  1890,  17,429. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  41? 

.— Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  div.  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  railway  and 
on  the  Evanston  div.  of  the  C.,  M.  <fr  St.  P.  railroad,  twelve  miles  from  the  City 
Hall,  011  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  Take  train  at  Wells  st.  depot, 
Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.,  North  side,  or  at  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  sts., 
West  side.  Now  a  city  of  the  third  class,  the  municipality  embracing  in 
addition  to  Evanston  proper  the  former  villages  of  North  Evanston  and 
South  Evanston.  Evanston  is  the  most  celebrated  and  in  many  respects  the 
most  attractive  of  Chicago's  suburbs,  by  reason  of  its  beautiful  and  acces- 
sible situation,  its  educational  institutions,  its  churches,  its  high  social 
advantages  and  the  cultured  character  of  its  inhabitants.  A  great  many  of 
the  residents  of  Evanston  are  people  distinguished  in  the  literary  world,  and 
not  a  few  of  them  enjoy  an  international  reputation.  The  visitor  should 
not  fail  to  spend  a  few  days  in  this  charming  suburb  and  its  vicinity.  A 
drive  through  the  principal  streets  of  Evanston  will  reveal  the  attractions 
of  the  place.  On  every  side  and  continually  the  eye  is  greeted  with  a  sight 
of  beautiful  lawns,  tasteful  flower-gardens  and  ornamental  mounds.  They 
form  a  pretty  foreground  for  the  elegant  residences  that  are  almost  always 
built  at  a  goodly  distance  from  the  street.  The  architecture  of  the  town  is 
pleasingly  varied  and  uniformly  tasteful.  In  few  places  can  one  see  so  many 
homes  that  indicate  refinement  and  wealth.  The  mansion  and  not  the  cot- 
tage is  the  rule.  A  thing  that  has  added  greatly  to  the  attraction  possessed 
by  Evanston  is  the  exclusion  of  the  sale  of  liquor  within  the  four  mile  limit. 
The  possibility  of  rearing  a  family  beyond  the  baleful  influence  of  the  saloon 
has  caused  many  to  settle  within  its  borders.  The  contest  over  the  liquor 
traffic  forms  a  notable  epoch  in  the  history  of  the  town.  Evanston  has  a 
beautiful  City  Hall,  complete  water  works,  and  many  of  the  advantages  of 
a  city.  [See  "Northwestern  University,"  "Suburban  Clubs,"  "Astronomical 
Observatories."]  Evanston  has  three  weekly  newspapers.  The  Index  is 
the  oldest,  and  a  carefully  edited  news  and  literary  paper.  The  Press  is  a 
representative  of  the  democratic  element,  and  is  bright  and  newsy.  The 
Epitome  is  the  youngest,  but  an  enterprising  publication.  The  latter  is 
published  at  South  Evanston  and  is  largely  representative  of  the  interests 
of  that  section. 

Fox  Lake. — One  of  the  most  charming  summer  resorts  in  the  vicinity  of 
Chicago.  It  may  be  reached  either  by  the  C.  &  N.  W.  or  the  C.  &  N.  P.  rail- 
road. The  distance  from  Chicago  is  about  fifty-one  miles.  Fox  is  but  one 
of  the  many  lakes  in  the  vicinity.  There  is  good  fishing  here.  Small  steamers 
ply  between  points  on  the  lakes.  The  banks  are  dotted  with  pretty  villas. 
Thousands  of  Chicagoans  make  their  summer  homes  in  the  vicinity  of  Fox 
Lake.  The  visitor,  desiring  a  day  of  recreation,  could  not  find  a  more  per- 
fect spot  in  this  country.  Trains  leave  frequently  for  the  stations  contigu- 
ous to  the  lakes  of  Lake  cotinty.  There  are  many  sporting,  fishing  and 
social  club  houses  on  Fox  Lake.  [See  "  Clubs — Athletic,  Sporting,"  etc.] 

Glen  Ellyn.— Situated  on  the  Galena  Div.  of  the  C.  <fe  N.  W.  railway, 
twenty-three  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  The  location  is  most  charming.  The 
property  upon  which  this  suburb  has  been  established  is  in  Du  Page  county, 
and  lies  north  and  east  of  the  beautiful  village  of  Prospect  Park.  High  and 
heavily  wooded  hills  almost  encircle  a  sloping  valley,  near  the  center  of 
which  is  the  tract  of  130  acres  to  be  reserved  for  a  park.  In  the  center  of 
this  park  are  the  mineral  springs.  The  springs  are  five  in  number.  The  flow 
from  these  springs-varies  from  50  to  laO  gallons  a  minute  each,  and  the  com- 
bined flow  per  minute  from  the  five  is  about  500  gallons. 

Grossdale. — Is  just  one  mile  west  of  Riverside  and  12  miles  distant  from 
the  City  Hall,  where  the  land  attains  an  elevation  of  43  feet  above  Lake 
Michigan,  the  surroundings  being  very  beautiful  and  picturesque.  Gross- 
dale  was  founded  and  is  owned  by  S.  E.  Gross,  and  was  subdivided, 
improved  and  residence  and  business  lots  first  offered  for  sale  Saturday, 
June  15,  1889.  The  first  day's  sale  was  the  most  successful  known  to  the 
real  estate  men  of  Chicago,  285  lots  being  sold  at  private  sales  to  actual 
bona  fide  customers,  within  one  and  one-half  hours.  Since  the  opening  day 
about  5,000  lots  have  been  sold.  The  phenomenal  success  of  this  piece  of 
property  can  be  readily  understood  when  it  has  been  inspected.  Its  com- 


S.   E.  GROSS 

REAL  ESTATE  AND  LOANS 

CITY  BUILDER  AND  PROMOTER. 


16  Thriving  Towns  and  Cities  Established,  40,000  Lots 

Sold  and  7,000  Houses  Built  and  Sold  by 

me  in  the  Past  12  Years. 

OWNER  OF  150  SELECT  SUB-DIVISIONS 

CONTAINING 

25,000  Lots,  Prices  from  $100  to  $2,500. 

500  Houses,  Prices  from  $1,000  to  $5,000. 

25  Store  Buildings,  Prices  from  $5,000  to  $15,000. 

ALL  FOR  SALE  ON  EASY  MONTHLY  PAYMENTS. 

AMONG   MY   FAMOUS  CITY  SUB-DIVISIONS   AND   SUBURBAN   TOWNS 
ARE 

Grossdale,  Dauphin  Park,  Calumet  Heights,  Ashland  Avenue 
Sub-divisions,  Gross  Park,  Unter  den  Linden,  Argyle  Park, 
Avondale  Sub-divisions,  Humboldt  Park  Sub-divisions,  Villa 
Ridge,  Madison  Street  Sub-divisions,  Oak  Park  Sub-divis- 
ions, Archer  Avenue  Sub-divisions  and  Brookdale. 


MflNUFflOTURINO   SITES    FOR   SflLB. 

S.    E.   GROSS, 

S.    E5.    OOR.    DKA.RBORN     AND    RANDOLPH     STS. 

CHICAGO. 

40,000  LOTS  SOLD,  7,000  HOUSES  BUILT  AND  SOLD,  AND  18  THRIVING  CITIES 
AND  TOWNS  LOCATED  DURING  THE  PAST  12  YEARS, 


420  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

manding  position  affords  a  beautiful  panoramic  view  of  one  of  nature's 
most  picturesque  districts.  High,  green,  rolling  table  land,  surrounded 
north,  south,  east  and  west  by  heavy  groves  of  fine  old  timber,  bounded  on 
the  east  and  drained  by  a  branch  of  the  Des  Plaines  river,  Grossdale, 
indeed,  offers  the  most  handsome  and  thoroughly  beautiful  home  sites.  The 
improvements  that  have  been  made  are  such  that  will  add  greatly,  not  only 
to  the  value  of  the  property,  but  to  the  natural  beauty  as  well.  The  C.,  B.  & 
Q.  R.  RM  now  famous  for  the  completeness  and  elegance  of  its  suburban 
service  and  for  its  many  handsome  suburbs,  affords  unexcelled  transporta- 
tion facilities  to  and  from  the  city.  Thirty  trains  daily,  including  dinner 
and  theatre  trains  make  the  run  from  Grossdale  to  the  Union  Depot,  corner 
Canal  and  Adams  sts.,  in  25  minutes.  Besides  these  30  trains  there  are 
15  through  trains  making  but  one  stop  between  the  Union  depot  and  Gross- 
dale.  These  trains  make  the  run  to  Grossdale  in  18  to  20  minutes.  An 
additional  line  of  track  has  been  laid  to  accommodate  a  number  of  addi- 
tional suburban  trains,  made  necessary  by  the  rapidly  increasing  traffic. 
In  addition  to  the  exceptional  facilities  afforded  by  the  C..  ,B.  &  Q.  R.  R.,  an 
elevated  or  electric  road  is  expected  to  be  built  on  Ogden  ave.  Opposite  the 
depot  at  Grossdale  and  parallel  to  the  railroad,  a  large  park  filled  with  bloom- 
ing flowers,  plants  and  shrubs  has  been  laid  out  for  the  benefit  and  pleasure 
of  property  owners.  A  commodious  theatre  hall  and  store  building  has  been 
completed  at  a  cost  of  over  $10,000.  A  grand  boulevard,  lighted  by  street 
lamps,  has  been  completed  from  Ogden  ave,,  through  the  entire  length  of 
the  property  reaching  a  distance  of  two  and  one-half  miles.  Through  the 
entire  length  of  this  boulevard,  a  large  main  sewer  has  been  built  and 
Grossdale  now  enjoys  perfect  drainage.  To  further  increase  the  beauty  of 
this  city  to  which  he  has  given  his  name  and  which  he  desires  to  see  build 
up  into  a  substantial,  thrifty  city— a  veritable  monument  of  honor  to  his 
name,  ability  and  generosity,  Mr.  Gross  has  placed  building  restrictions  on 
all  lots  so  as  to  secure  the  erection  of  only  a  fine  class  of  improvements  and 
no  business  buildings  will  be  permitted  to  be  erected  in  exclusively  resi- 
dence blocks.  As  soon  as  a  sufficent  number  of  people  reside  at  Grossdale 
it  can  be  incorporated  under  the  state  law  as  a  village  or  city  and  can  con- 
struct water  works,  gas  works  and  electric  light  plants.  Over  8>QOO  fine 
thrifty  elm,  ash  and  maple  trees  have  been  planted  in  Grossdale.  These 
taken  in  connection  with  the  natural  forest  surrounding,  has  earned  for 
Grossdale  the  name  "The  Park  City."  For  further  information,  prices, 
terms,  etc.,  on  property  inquire  of  S.  E.  Gross,  S.  E.  Cor.  Dearborn  & 
Randolph  sts.,  Chicago. 

[Samuel  E.  Gross,  the  prominent  real  estate  promoter  of  this  city,  with 
main  office  at  S.  E.  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Randolph  sts.,  is  a  native  of  the  Key- 
stone State,  having  been  born  at  the  mansion  farm,  Dauphin,  Dauphin  Co., 
Pa.,  November  11,  1843.  The  eldest  son  of  John  C.  and  Elizabeth  (Eberly) 
Gross.  The  family  settled  in  this  country  previous  to  1726.  Young  Gros? 
received  his  early  education  in  the  public  schools.  In  1861  (when  about  \"i 
years  of  age)  he  enlisted  in  the  Forty-first  Illinois  Infantry  Regiment,  and 
accompanied  his  regiment  to  Missouri,  but  shortly  afterward,  at  the  re- 
quest of  his  parents,  and  on  account  of  his  youth  (being  under  the  pre- 
scribed age  of  enlistment)  was  mustered  out  of  service.  Subsequently 
he  attended  Mt.  Carroll  Academy,  and  ultimately  (in  1862)  Whitehall 
Academy,  Cumberland  County,  Pa.  In  June,  1863,  he  again  enlisted  and 
was  commissioned  First  Lieutenant  in  Company  D,  Twentieth  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  on  February  1,  1864,  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  captain  (his  great  grandfather,  John  Gross  was  a  captain  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war)  of  Company  K,  Twentieth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  engaged  in 
the  battles  of  Piedmont,  Lynchburg,  Ashby's  Gap,  Winchester,  etc.  He 
was  mustered  out  of  service  at  Cloud's  Hill,  Va.,  July  13,  1865,  locating  in 
this  city  in  September  following.  In  the  autumn  of  1866,  he  graduated  from 
the  Union  Law  College  at  Chicago,  and  was  shortly  afterward  admitted  to 
practice  by  the  Supreme  Conrt.  About  this  period  he  made  some  real  estate 
purchases  and  in  1867  built  quite  a  number  of  houses.  In  1868  69  he  took  an 
active  t>art  in  the  location  and  establishment  of  the  park  and  boulevard 


422  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

system  of  this  city.  In  1880,  he  laid  out  several  subdivisions,  southwest  of 
the  city  limits.  Two  years  later  he  laid  out  Gross  Park  now  a  cityof  over  2,- 
000  inhabitants  and  in  the  following  year  (1883)  built  and  sold  over  300  h ouses. 
In  1884-85  he  built  and  sold  over  2,000  houses  in  different  parts  of  the  city. 
In  the  spring  of  1886  he  located  the  present  suburban  town  of  Brookdale  and 
a  year  later  founded  the  thriving1  suburban  towns  of  Calumet  Heights  and 
Dauphin  Park  and  also  much  improved  and  developed  a  tract  of  forty  acres, 
corner  Ashland  ave.  and  Forty-seventh  St.,  and  upon  which  he  built  a  num- 
ber of  handsome  and  commodious  houses.  In  1888  "Under  the  Linden"  was 
established.  In  this  year  he  also  built  up  and  developed  a  large  territory 
in  the  vicinity  of  Humboldt  Park,  in  addition  building  over  200  houses  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Archer  ave.  and  Thirty -fifth  st.  In  the  following  year  he 
located  and  built  the  suburban  town  of  "Grossdale"  on  the  C.,  B.&Q.  R.  R.  one 
mile  west  of  Riverside,  without  a-doubt  the  finest  suburban  city  on  this  rail- 
road, possessing  as  it  does  a  $5,000  brick  and  stone  depot,  a  theatre  and 
store  building  costing  over  $15,000,  a  large  number  of  villa  residences  and 
ornamental  streets,  lined  with  immense  elm  trees,  a  grand  boulevard  eighty 
feet  wide  and  over  1J^  miles  long,  improved  with  brick  sewers  and  macadam- 
ized roads,  while  having  in  addition  a  handsomely  laid  out  park,  orna- 
mented with  over  25,000  flowering  plants  and  shrubs,  with  all  the  latest 
improvements  of  a  thorough  and  ornamental  description.  Over  800  lots 
were  sold  during  the  first  thirty  days  the  property  was  in  the  market.  Dur- 
ing the  past  ten  years  Mr.  Gross  has  sold  over  40,000  lots,  while  he  has  built 
and  sold  over  7,000  houses,  and  located  and  built  sixteen  towns  and  cities. 
He  is  the  proprietor  of  and  controls  the  sale  of  over  150  subdivisions,  addi- 
tions and  suburban  towns,  located  in  all  divisions  of  the  city  and  contain- 
ing in  the  whole  24,000  lots.  He  is  thus  undoubtedly  the  greatest  real  estate 
promoter  in  this  country.  The  first  to  inaugurate  the  "easy  payment"  sys- 
tem (in  this  city),  in  connection  with  real  estate,  the  success  of  same  has 
been  remarkable,  while  the  confidence  placed  in  him  is  such  that  he  is 
enabled  to  sell  out  a  city  subdivision  or  suburban  town  in  as  many  months 
as  others  would  require  years  to  accomplish.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Chemi- 
cal National  Bank,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Chicago,  Union,  Marquette, 
Iroquois,  Washington  Park  clubs,  and  also  of  the  Art  Institute  and  Humane 
Society.  He  has  traveled  extensively,  not  only  in  this  country,  but  in 
Europe  also,  and  while  he  has  often  been  offered  large  inducements  to  dupli- 
cate his  building  and  real  estate  enterprises  in  London,  Rome,  Naples  and 
Mexico,  he  prefers  confining  his  interests  to  this  country.  In  the  spring  of  1889 
he  was  nominated  by  the  United  Workingmen's  societies  of  this  city  as 
their  candidate  for  mayor;  his  time,  however,  being  so  fully  occupied, 
he  declined  this  honor.  In  January,  1874,  Mr.  Gross  was  married  to  Miss 
Emily  Brown  (of  English  parentage),  and  possesses  a  beautiful  residence  on 
the  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Cor.  Division  st.  The  architect  of  his  own  fortunes, 
there  are  few  -who  are  more  prominent  in  this  city,  and  few  more  esteemed 
and  respected  than  he.] 

Gross  Park.— Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  div.  of  the  C.  and  N.  W. 
railway,  about  4Y2  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  This  suburb  was  founded 
in  1883  by  S.  E.  Gross.  The  growth  of  this  suburb  is  best  illustrated  by 
the  fact,  that  when  the  property  was  first  subdivided  the  nearest 
means  of  transportation  were  the  Lincoln  ave.  cable  cars  which  run  to 
Wrightwood  ave.,  over  a  mile  distant  from  the  property,  and  there  were  not 
over  a  dozen  houses  north  of  Wrightwood  ave.  To-day  there  are  over  1,000 
houses  in  Gross  Park.  The  city  is  entirely  built  up  for  two  miles  beyond  ; 
a  line  of  street  cars  extends  through  Gross  Park  on  Belmont  ave.  and  Roscoe 
blvd.  There  is  now  a  station  of  the  Chicago  and  North-Western  railroad  on 
the  property.  The  park  has  been  beautifully  improved  and  Gross  Park  has 
all  metropolitan  improvements,  including  city  water  and  gas,  sewer,  paved 
streets,  etc.,  also  substantial  stores,  beautiful  residences,  churches,  schools, 
etc.  For  further  information,  prices,  terms,  etc.,  on  property,  inquire  of 
S.  E.  Gross,  S.  E.  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Randolph  sts.,  Chicago. 

Hammond. — Hammond  is  a  suburb  of  Chicago,  in  the  state  of  Indiana, 
situated  almost  at  the  present  head  of  the  navigable  watei-s  of  the  Calumet 


GENERAL   INFORMATION  423 

river,  and  accessible  by  the  M.  C.,  the  C.  &  W.  I.,  the  C.  B.  L.,  the  L.,  N.  A.<fe 
CM  the  N.  Y.,  C.  &  St.  L.  ("Nickel  Plate"),  the  C.  &  E.  and  the  P.,  C.  &  St.  L. 
("Panhandle")  railroads.  Take  trains  at  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams 
sts..  Van  Buren  st.  depot,  Van  Buren  and  Sherman  sts.,  Central  depot,  foot 
of  Lake  st.,  or  Dearborn  station,  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave.  Hammond  is  one 
of  the  greatest  manufacturing  suburbs  in  the  vicinity  of  Chicago.  Great 
industries  of  every  character  are  to  be  found  there. 

Harvey. — Situated  two  miles  south  of  the  southern  city  limits,  at  the 
junction  of  the  I.  C.,  Big  Four  and  G.  T.  railroads.  Take  the  I.  C.  train  at 
foot  of  Randolph  or  Van  Buren  sts.;  or  take  train  at  Dearborn  station, 
Third  ave.  and  Polk  st.  Harvey,  though  one  of  the  youngest,  is  one  of  the 
most  important  of  Chicago's  manufacturing  suburbs,  Harvey,  founded 
August,  1890,  now  has  a  population  of  nearly  6,000.  Sixty  trains  a  day  con- 
nect it  with  the  heart  of  the  city.  It  has  excellent  drainage  facilities,  being 
from  twenty-one  to  twenty-eight  feet  above  the  Calumet  river.  The  town 
has  costly  and  beautiful  improvements  and  many  immense  manufactories. 

Hinsdale. — Situated  on  the  C.,  B.  &  Q.  railroad,  seventeen  miles  from.  th« 
City  Hall.  The  town  was  founded  about  twenty  years  ago.  Abundant  shade 
trees  and  shrubbery  adorn  the  residence  grounds  and  line  the  streets.  The 
avenues  are  lined  with  maple,  elm,  ash  and  other  forest  trees,  while  adjoin- 
ing the  drives  surrounding  it  ai*e  groves  of  native  oak,  elm  and  walnut, 
interspersed  with  ferns.  Country  roads  lead  in  every  direction  and  furnish 
tempting  drives. 

Irving  Park.— Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  div.  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  railway, 
654  miles  from  the  city.  The  village  was  platted  and  laid  out  when  Chicago 
was  young,  and  only  such  sites  as  possessed  great  natural  beauty  and 
advantages  were  chosen  for  suburban  residences.  Irving  Park  has  a  popu- 
lation of  about  4,000  people.  There  are  some  beautiful  residences  in  the 
suburb.  [See  "Irving  Club."] 

Jefferson  Park.— Situated  on  the  Wisconsin  div.  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  rail- 
way, nine  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  and  is  forty  feet  above  the  level  of  Lake 
Michigan.  This  is  the  oldest  place  in  the  twenty-seventh  ward  of  Chicago, 
and  was  first  known  as  Plank  Road  station,  it  then  being  the  first  stopping 
place  on  the  C.  &  N.  W.  railway  after  leaving  Wells  street  depot.  It  is  the 
business  center  of  the  northwestern  section  of  the  city  and  is  a  rapidly 
growing  and  very  attractive  suburb.  Contracts  have  been  signed  for  the 
building  of  the  Metropolitan  Elevated  Railway  along  Milwaukee  ave. 
through  this  place  and  the  Jefferson  street  railway  company  has  applied 
for  a  franchise  for  an  electric  railway  to  it.  A  very  attractive  feature  is 
the  beautiful  park  surrounding  the  large  public  school  buildings  here. 

Joliet.— Situated  on  the  main  line  of  the  C.,  A.  &  St.  L.,  and  the  C.,  R.  I.  & 
P.  railroads,  thirty-nine  miles  southwest  of  the  city.  It  is  also  reached  by 
the  A.,T.  &S.  Fe,  theM..  C.,'the  E.,  J.  &.  E.,  the  C.,  M.  &3t.  P.  and  the  C.,  B.  &Q. 
railroads,  all  of  which  contribute  largely  to  the  traffic  of  the  city.  The  place 
has  grown  in  population  from  11,000  in  1880  to  33,000  in  1893.  This  does  not 
include  the  prosperous  suburbs,  which  are  in  reality  a  part  of  the  city, 
which  would  swell  the  population  <o  at  least  50,000.  Joliet  is  directly  con- 
nected with  110,000  miles  of  railway.  This  city  also  has  the  Illinois  and 
Michigan  canal,  which,  is  being  enlarged  to  a  ship  canal,  connecting  the 
Mississippi  with  the  lakes.  It  has  great  iron  and  steel  industries.  Lying 
in  close  proximity  to  the  city  of  Joliet  are  the.stone  quarries,  covering  on  th£ 
surface  over  1,000  acres  of  ground  and  extending  to  an  average  depth  oi 
twenty-six  feet.  The  wire  industry  has  assumed  gigantic  proportions,  nine 
firms  being  engaged  in  it.  Among  the  prominent  buildings  are  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association  building,  which  cost  $40,000,  and  includes  a 
grand  gymnasium  and  library  hall;  the  Richards  Street  Methodist  church; 
which  cost  $30,000 ;  the  Christ  Episcopal  church,  which  cost  $35,000,  and  the 
grand  Masonic  temple,  whose  corner-stone  was  laid  June  12,  1890.  At  Joliel 
is  located  the  Northern  Illinois  penitentiary. 

Kenosha.— Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  Div.  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  railway 
51 H  miles  from  the  City  Hall-  A  celebrated  summer  resort.  There  are  mecj' 


424  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

ical  springs,  fine  hotels,  handsome  private  houses,  beautiful  grounds  and, 
in  season,  thousands  of  pleasure  and  health  seekers  to  be  found  here.  Pop- 
ulation, 8,000. 

La  Grange.— Situated  on  the  C.,  B.  &  Q.  railroad,  14  miles  from  the  City 
Hall,  and  6  miles  from  the  city  limits,  is  the  largest  suburban  town  on  the 
line  between  Chicago  and  Aurora,  having  over  5,000  inhabitants.  There  are 
two  stations  in  the  village,  one  on  Fifth,  and  the  other  on  Stone  ave.  The 
railroad  service  is  of  the  best,  the  distance  from  the  Union  depot  being  but 
27  minutes,  with  42  passenger  trains  a  day,  which  stop  at  La  Grange.  This 
most  important  feature  of  being  nearer  the  City  Hall  in  point  of  time  than 
most  of  the  aristocratic  residence  districts  within  the  city  has  been  one  of 
the  principal  elements  in  the  development  of  La  Grange.  The  town  has 
large  water  works  and  electric  light  systems,  and  every  house  is  fully  sup- 
plied with  all  city  conveniences.  Lying  as  it  does,  66  feet  above  lake  datum, 
every  portion  of  the  village  is  given  a  most  healthful  and  sanitary  location, 
which  has  been  rendered  the  more  secure  by  the  completion  at  great 
expense  of  an  unusually  fine  drainage  and  sewerage  system.  Unlike  most 
suburban  towns,  La  Grange  has  a  large  commercial  interest.  There  are  a 
number  of  fine  business  blocks  and  well-stocked  stores  of  all  kinds.  So 
sharp  is  competition  in  all  lines  of  business,  that  the  people  of  La  Grange 
are  enabled  to  buy  goods  at  Chicago  prices.  This,  together  with  the  fact 
that  there  is  a  large  farming  community  to  supply,  makes  business  in 
La  Grange  lively  and  flourishing.  Added  to  all  this  La  Grange  is,  as  its 
inhabitants  love  to  call  it,  the  "  garden  spot  of  Cook  county."  It  is,  as  it 
were,  an  oasis  in  the  prairie.  Double  rows  of  shade  trees  lining  either 
side  of  the  streets,  and  almost  hiding  the  houses  from  view,  are  its  greatest 
beauty  and  attraction.  Evergreen  hedges  and  artistic  shrubbery  abound, 
lending  beauty  and  effect.  La  Grange  is  far-famed  for  the  wealth  of  its 
stately  elms  and  graceful  maples,  which  make  its  drives  and  walks  the 
artist's  joy.  The  social  features  of  La  Grange,  its  cultivated  society  and 
the  fraternal  and  enterprising  spirit  of  its  citizens,  and  the  active  support 
given  the  six  prosperous  churches  (which  include  all  the  principal  denomi- 
nations) together  with  the  exceptional  educational  advantages  furnished 
through  its  high  schools  and  graded  grammar  schools  offering  every  oppor- 
tunity to  the  young,  are  great  inducements  to  those  seeking  ideal  homes. 
The  architectural  designs  of  the  houses  arc  pleasing  and  varied.  Many  of 
the  houses  give  evidence  of  wealth,  and  the  majority  bespeak  for  their 
owners  comfortable  circumstances.  La  Grange  Park  is  beautifully  situ- 
ated near  the  village  on  the  banks  of  the  Des  Plaines  river,  and  should  be 
visited  by  all  desiring  pretty  scenery  and  recreation  in  a  beautiful  dell. 

Lake  Bluff.—  Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  div.  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  railway, 
30*4  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  This  place  is  conducted  after  the  manner 
of  Chautauqua.  During  the  summer  there  are  frequent  gatherings  of 
religious,  temperance  and  literary  people  on  the  beautiful  heights  which 
overlook  Lake  Michigan.  There  are  splendid  hotel  accommodations  here. 

Lake  Forest.— Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  div.  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  railway, 
2SY2  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  A  beau- 
tiful residence  siiburb.  The  summer  home  of  many  wealthy  people.  Here 
is  located  the  Lake  Forest  University.  [See  "  Education."] 

Lake  Villa.— Situated  on  the  C.  &  N.  P.  railroad,  51*4  miles  from  the  City 
Hall.  Here  is  located  a  magnificent  summer  resort  hotel,  erected  by  Mr. 
E.  J.  Lehman,  of  this  city.  It  is  the  point  at  which  many  of  the  Fox  Lake 
pleasure-seekers  stop,  or  leave  the  road  for  the  beautiful  lakes  in  this 
vicinity. 

Lemont.— Situated  on  the  C.,  A.  &  St.  L.  railroad,  25*4  miles  from  the  City 
Hall.  Immense  building  stone  quarries  are  operated  here.  The  greater 
part  of  the  building  stone  used  in  Chicago  immediately  after  the  fire  of  '71, 
came  from  these  quarries. 

Maywood.— Situated  on  the  Galena  div.  of  the  C.  &  N.W.  railway,  10 miles 
from  the  City  Hall.  Maywood  is  the  chief  village  of  the  township  of  Proviso, 
and  is  quite  a  manufacturing  town.  The  Desplaines  river  flows  along  its 


426  \  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

entire  eastern  boundary  and  the  town  site  is  twenty-five  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  river  and  seventy  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake.  It  has  splendid 
educational  and  social  advantages. 

Morgan  Park. — Morgan  Park  is  a  suburb  of  2,500  inhabitants,  including 
many  representative  business  men  of  Chicago.  It  is  thirteen  miles  from 
the  Court  House,  and  is  just  outside  the  city  limits,  which  form  its  northern 
and  eastern  boundaries.  By  being  outside  the  city,  it  controls  its  own 
improvements,  keeps  out  the  saloons,  and  escapes  city  taxes.  Situated 
upon  the  highest  part  of  the  famous  Blue  Island  Ridge,  which  is  in  marked 
contrast  to  the  surrounding  level  land,  it  has  an  elevation  of  one  hundred 
feet  above  Lake  Michigan,  and  commands  a  view  of  the  whole  surrounding 
country.  On  account  of  the  elevation,  the  broken  character  of  the  land,  and 
the  profusion  of  shade  trees,  it  has  natural  beauties  unsurpassed  by  any 
land  in  Cook  county.  While  Morgan  Park  is  essentially  a  residence  suburb, 
it  is  the  geographical  center  of  the  great  industrial  region  of  Calumet  and 
Worth,  which  comprises  South  Chicago,  Pullman,  West  Pullman,  Harvey, 
Bloom,  Wireton  Park,  Chicago  Ridge  and  many  other  manufacturing  dis- 
tricts. Morgan  Park  is  therefore  not  only  available  to  the  men  engaged  in 
commercial  pursuits  in  the  business  portion  of  Chicago,  but  is  the  natural 
residence  locality  for  the  whole  of  this  great  industrial  region,  which  is 
probably  developing  more  rapidly  than  any  other  manufacturing  and  indus- 
trial community  in  the  world.  A  notable  feature  of  Morgan  Park  in  its 
educational  institutions.  The  University  of  Chicago,  has  located  its  pre- 
paratory school  at  this  point.  It  has  absorbed  the  Baptist  Theological 
School,  the  Illinois  Military  Academy  and  the  Chicago  Female  Col- 
lege. It  has  already  five  commodious  buildings  and  will  spend  $150,000 
in  making  additional  improvements.  The  university  is  richly  endowed, 
and  expects,  within  a  few  years,  to  rival  the  oldest  and  best  univer- 
sities in  the  East.  In  addition  to  the  colleges  there  are  excellent  public 
schools,  and  a  handsome  public  library  well  stocked  with  choice  books. 
Morgan  Park  is  fitted  for  administering  to  the  moral  and  spiritual  as 
well  as  the  intellectual  needs  of  the  community.  There  are  already  four 
churches,  namely:  Baptist,  Methodist,  Episcopal  and  Congregational. 
The  Presbyterians  are  now  building  a  handsome  pressed  brick  and  stone 
church  at  a  cost  of  $5,000.  Saloons  are  prohibited  in  Morgan  Park  by  law, 
and  the  advantages  of  a  temperance  community  are  apparent  to  all.  The 
children  of  the  village,  and  the  students  of  the  colleges  are  not  subjected 
to  the  evil  influences  to  be  found  in  every  place  where  saloons  abound. 
The  water  and  sewer  systems  are  excellent.  All  the  dwellings  are  supplied 
with  water  from  two  artesian  wells  which  have  a  capacity  far  in  excess  of 
the  present  demands.  The  sanitary  conditions  are  unexcelled.  The  eleva- 
tion of  the  land  affords  perfect  drainage,  with  no  possibility  of  malarial 
diseases  incident  to  flat  localities  and  imperfect  sewerage.  The  railroad 
accommodations  are  good  and  are  improving  each  year.  The  new  Chicago 
Central  road,  which  has  just  been  completed,  belongs  to  the  Northern 
Pacific  system,  and  is  a  double-track  suburban  road  of  the  first  order.  The 
Rock  Island  road,  which  now  runs  thirty-five  trains  a  day  through  Morgan 
Park,  will  improve  its  service  100  per  cent  this  summer  on  account  of  the 
removal  of  its  freight  yards  outside  the  city.  Owing  to  the  limited  amount 
of  track  room  the  road  has  been  obliged  to  restrict  its  suburban  service. 
But  the  removal  of  the  freight  yards  outside  the  city  will  withdraw  most  of 
the  freight  traffic  and  leave  the  tracks  free  for  passenger  service,  so  that 
the  number  of  suburban  trains  will  be  doubled  as  soon  as  the  transfer 
yards  are  completed.  Through  a  combination  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio, 
Chicago  Central  and  Rock  Island  railroads,  Morgan  Park  will  have  a  direct 
connection  with  the  World's  Fair  grounds  during  the  Exposition.  In  addition 
there  are  three  projected  electric  roads, which  will  connect  Morgan  Park  with 
the  surrounding  suburbs.  It  is  also  extremely  probable  that  the  South  side 
elevated  road  will  be  extended  through  Morgan  Park  to  Blue  Island.  Mor- 
gan Park  has  passed  the  experimental  stage,  and  has  entered  upon  an  era 
of  prosperous  growth.  During  the  last  year  many  fine  residences  and 
several  business  blocfcs  were  built,  among  the  latter  being  a  three-story 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  427 

store  and  flat  building,  which  cost  $40,000.  Over  ten  miles  of  street  improve- 
ments, comprising-  water,  sewer  and  macadam,  are  being  put  in  the  streets 
of  the  village.  These  improvements  will  complete  the  paving  and  drainage 
systems  of  Morgan  Park,  and  will  form  the  most  perfect  system  of  street 
imcrovements  in  any  suburb  of  Chicago.  The  prices  of  property  are  low. 
They  have  kept  pace  with  the  growth  and  development  of  the  suburb, 
but  have  not  been  inflated  by  any  unhealthy  boom.  The  rapid  advance  will 
come  this  year,  owing  to  the  large  number  of  buildings  completed  last 
season  and  the  greater  number  to  be  built  this  year,  the  extensive  street 
improvements,  the  opening  of  the  new  colleges,  the  completion  of  the  new 
railroad  and  the  improvement  in  the  service  of  the  Rock  Island  road. 

Naperville.— Situated  on  the  C.,  B.  &  Q.  railway,  30  miles  from  the  City 
Hall.  This  was  the  nearest  settlement  to  Chicago  in  1830.  Mr.  Stephen 
Scott,  afterward  a  banker  of  the  place,  settled  there  in  that  year.  Dur- 
ing the  following  two  years  a  number  of  families  arrived  by  way  of  the 
lakes,  passing  through  Chicago.  Among  them  was  a  Mr.  Naper,  for  whom 
the  town  was  named.  At  that  time  a  number  of  immigrants  viewed  the 
site  of  Chicago  with  disfavor,  and  really  believed  that  Naperville  would 
grow  to  be  the  more  important  place  of  the  two.  Mr.  H.  W.  Knickerbocker 
settled  in  the  village  in  1833.  The  place  did  not  grow  as  was  expected  but 
it  has  been  for  many  years  the  center  of  a  settlement  of  sturdy  yeomen,  and 
among  its  citizens  are  many  of  the  pioneers  of  Illinois.  It  is  now  a  beauti- 
ful suburb  of  Chicago;  has  a  number  of  handsome  mansions,  charming 
grounds  and  other  attractions. 

Oak  Park.— Situated  on  the  Galena  div.  C.  &  N.  W.  railway,  8YZ  miles  from 
the  City  Hall.  One  of  the  most  beautiful  suburbs  lying  to  the  west.  There 
are  many  elegant  houses  and  handsome  churches  here.  The  avenues  of 
the  village  are  shaded  by  trees  and  the  lawns  present  a  delightful  appear- 
ance in  the  summer. 

Pullman.— (One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  st.)— Situated  on  the  I.  C.  rail- 
road, 13%  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  [See  "Pullman."] 

Racine.— Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  div.  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  railway,  68 
miles  from  the  City  Hall,  A  large  and  prosperous  town.  Manufactures  of 
various  kinds  are  carried  on  here.  The  town  is  beautifully  located  on  the 
north  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  Population,  1890,  21,022. 

Ravenswood.— Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  div.  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  railway, 
5  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Its  contiguity  to  the  city  makes  it  a  very  de- 
sirable residence  suburb  for  Chicago  people  whose  business  demands  their 
close  attention.  Annexation  to  Chicago  did  wonders  for  Ravenswood. 
Since  that  eventful  time  the  town  has  been  given  nearly  all  its  modern  im- 
provements. Every  street  has  been  macadamized  and  presents  a  broad, 
pleasant  and  shady  thoroughfare. 

River  Forest.— Situated  on  the  Galena  div.  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  and  W.  C. 
railways,  beside  the  Des  Plaines  river,  9  miles  west  of  the  City  Hall; 
founded  about  1855.  In  1860  the  first  school  house  was  erected  and  Miss 
Frances  Willard  was  made  teacher.  In  1889,  the  town  attracted  the  atten- 
tion of  home-seekers  and  since  then  it  has  grown  rapidly.  Population, 
1893,  about  1,500.  The  location  is  a  beautiful  and  healthful  one,  eighty  feet 
above  the  lake.  It  is  literally  a  town  built  in  a  forest. 

Riverside. — Situated  on  the  C.,  B.  &  Q.  railroad,  and  beside  the  Desplaines 
river,  \2l/2  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  This  is  one  of  the  most  charming  of 
Chicago's  suburbs.  Many  prominent  and  wealthy  citizens  of  Chicago 
reside  there. 

South  Englewood.—  Situated  on  the  C.,  R.  I.  &  P.  and  the  Eastern  Illinois 
railroads,  between  Eighty-third  and  Ninety-second  sts.,  north  and  south, 
and  Stewart  ave.  and  Robey  st.,  east  and  west.  The  location  of  the  town 
has  had  much  to  do  with  its  rapid  growth.  It  is  practically  a  part  of  the 
city  proper,  its  center  being  the  junction  of  Ashland  ave.  and  Halsted  st. 
Immense  improvements  have  been  made  during  recent  years.  It  is  well 


428  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

paved,  sewered  and  lighted,  and  has  many  elegant  homes  and  business 
nouses,  schools  and  churches. 

South  Evanston.— Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  div.  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  rail- 
way and  on  the  Evanston  div.  of  the  C.,  M,  &  St.  P.  railway,  eleven  miles 
from  the  City  Hall,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  There  are  two 
stations,  "Calvary,"  the  station  for  the  principal  Roman  Catholic  Cemetery 
of  the  city,  and  South  Evanston  proper.  Now  a  part  of  the  city  of  Evanston 
but  rather  tired  of  the  connection  and  anxious  to  become  annexed  to  Chi- 
cago. One  of  the  prettiest  of  the  suburbs.  Unlike  Evanston,  South  Evans- 
ton  has  no  "institutions,"  the  only  public  building  in  the  place  being  the 
Old  Soldiers'  Home,  now  used  as  a  girls'  industrial  school.  [See  "Training 
Schools."]  It  is  purely  a  village  of  homes.  South  Evanston  has  a  mile 
frontage  on  the  lake,  just  where  the  shore  makes  a  graceful  bend  toward 
the  town.  Situated  thus  it  affords  an  unobstructed  view  from  any  point. 
The  topography  of  the  country  is  such  as  to  afford  an  excellent  town  site. 
Commencing  at  the  lake  shore  the  land  rises  gradually  and  gracefully  till  it 
reaches  an  elevation  of  twenty-five  feet  at  Chicago  ave.  From  Chicago  ave.  to 
Ridge  ave.  is  another  rise  of  twenty-five  feet.  In  1888  the  population  of  South 
Evanston  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  1,500.  In  1893  it  is  nearly  5,000.  The  late 
Gen.  Julius  White  was  the  founder  of  South  Evanston.  It  has  been  growing,  at 
times  slowly,  but  always  steadily  and  substantially  since  1880,  and  it  now 
ranks  among  the  most  popular  suburbs  on  the  North-Western  system.  The 
streets  are  well  paved,  and  public  improvements  are  constantly  under  way. 
There  are  four  handsome  churchs  here— Methodist,  Episcopalian  Presbyter- 
ian and  German  Catholic — and  two  large  public  school  buildings.  Sheridan 
Road  runs  through  the  entire  length  of  the  town,  and  ample  provision  has 
been  made  for  a  beautiful  park  on  the  lake  shore.  Nearly  all  the  streets 
are  eighty  feet  wide  and  the  alleys  twenty.  The  lots  are  fifty  feet  front  by 
from  175  to  200  feet  deep. 

Washington  Heights.— Situated  on  the  C.,  St.  L.  &  P.  railroad  ("  The  Pan- 
handle,") 18  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  Washington  Heights  has  been  recently 
annexed  to  Chicago.  This  suburb  is  situated  j  ust  north  and  a  little  east  of  Mor- 
gan Park,  so  close  that  the  skirts  of  the  two  villages  meet.  The  admirable 
shipping  facilities  have  begun  to  attract  manufacturing  interests.  The 
town  is  not  lacking  in  churches  and  social  features.  The  social  element  is 
dominated  by  the  Tracy  club,  which  has  an  elegant  building. 

Waukegan.— Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  div.  of  the  C.  &  N.W.  railway,  35% 
miles  from  the  City  Hall.  This  is  a  large  town.  Many  professional  and 
business  people  of  Chicago  reside  here.  There  are  some  beautiful  grounds 
and  private  residences  in  Waukegan  and  vicinity. 

Waukesha.— Situated  on  the  C.  &  N.  W.,  C.,  M.  &  St.  P.  and  W.  C.  railroads, 
106  miles  from  Chicago.  One  of  the  most  fashionable  and  beautiful  summer 
resorts  in  the  west.  The  health-giving  Waukesha  mineral  waters  may  be 
had  here  in  abundance.  The  town  is  splendidly  located  and  is  provided 
with  handsome  hotels. 

Whiting,  Indiana. — This  is  one  of  the  most  important  manufacturing 
suburbs  in  the  vicinity  of  Chicago.  Situated  almost  directly  adjoining  South 
Chicago,  and  the  lines  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio,  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  and  the  Pennsylvania  railway  systems,  and  served  by  the  Calumet 
Terminal  road.  These  unusual  facilities  for  bringing  in  raw  material  and 
shipping  out  the  manufactured  products  with  cheap  fuel,  would  build  up 
alone  a  great  manufacturing  town.  Lying  on  the  lake  shore  with  a  natural 
harbor,  only  the  building  of  piers  is  needed  to  unload  the  traffic  of  the  lakes 
on  her  docks  and  add  cheap  water  freights  to  her  unsurpassed  railroad 
connections.  Situated  almost  directly  adjoining  South  Chicago,  it  will,  for 
all  practical  purposes,  soon  be  a  part  of  this  great  city  and  participating 
in  its  advantages.  Already  Whiting  is  the  chief  supply  point  of  fuel  oil,  the 
Standard  OiPCo.  having  erected  here  their  most  extensive  works,  and  the 
largest  refinery  in  the  world.  The  stills  of  this  mammoth  concern  have  a 
daily  capacity  of  25,000  barrels  of  oil.  Those  who  have  carefully  watched 
the  progress  of  the  times  are  fully  aware  that  fuel  oil  is  rapidly  superseding 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  429 

coal  as  well  as  natural  gas.  The  smoke  nuisance  is  the  greatest  objection 
to  coal,  while  the  uncertainty  of  natural  gas  wells  have  sadly  depreciated 
its  value  as  a  desirable  and  reliable  fuel.  With  the  use  of  oil  as  a  fuel,  one 
of  the  greatest  and  most  far-reaching  reforms  of  the  times  was  inaugurated 
a  few  years  ago.  Investigation  and  experiments  soon  showed  that  oil  was 
cheaper,  cleaner,  more  reliable  than  coal,  besides  producing  better  results 
Several  thousand  men  are  employed  by  the  Standard  Oil  Co.  alone,  while 
other  great  manufactories  demand  an  army  of  skilled  and  unskilled  work- 
ingmen.  All  the  plans  for  the  future  of  Whiting  have  been  made  with  the 
view  of  its  becoming  a  great  manufacturing  center. 

Wilmette.— Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  div.  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  railway, 
fourteen  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  The 
town  was  called  after  one  of  the  earliest  French  settlers,  a  man  named 
Ouilmette,  and  the  manner  in  which  the  name  is  spelled  now  is  entirely  in 
deference  to  its  English  pronunciation.  After  having  a  sort  of  Rip  Van 
Winkle  existence  for  years  it  has  suddenly  become  a  popular  suburban 
home. 

Winnetka.— Situated  on  the  Milwaukee  div.  of  the  C.  <fe  N.  W.  railway , 
eighteen  miles  northeast  of  the  City  Hall,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Michi- 
gan. The  place  had  not  grown  as  rapidly  as  many  of  its  neighbors  up  to  1888, 
but  since  then  there  has  been  great  activity  in  property,  and  several  hand- 
some improvements  have  been  made.  Like  Lake  Forest,  the  site  is  a  bluff 
commanding  a  view  of  the  lake  along  the  entire  extent  of  the  town.  The 
almost  unbroken  forest  of  elm,  oak,  maple,  hickory  and  other  variety  of 
trees  is  still  there. 

PARK  SYSTEM. 

The  park  system  of  Chicago  was  designed  and  is  conducted  upon  an 
elaborate  scale.  In  its  entirety  the  area  covered  by  the  different  parks  and 
public  squares  within  the  city  limits  embraces  1,974.61  acres.  This  is 
exclusive  of  the  ground  covered  by  park  boulevards.  The  Park  System 
proper  is  divided  into  three  divisions,  each  division  being  under  the  control 
of  park  commissioners,  appointed  by  the  governor  of  the  state,  upon 
recommendation  of  the  judges  of  the  courts  of  Cook  county.  Thus  we  have 
three  boards:  The  South  Park  Commissioners,  the  West  Park  Commission- 
ers, the  North  Park  Commissioners.  The  parks  under  the  supervision  of 
these  commissioners  are  maintained  by  direct  tax  upon  the  respective 
divisions  of  the  city.  Under  control  of  the  city  government  are  a  number  of 
small  parks,  squares  and  "places,"  which  are  maintained  at  the  expense 
of  the  city  treasury.  [See  "  Area  of  Parks  and  Public  Squares."]  The  parks 
of  Chicago  form,  with  the  boulevards  as  their  connecting  links  [see  map],  a 
chain  around  the  city,  both  ends  of  which  are  anchored  in  Lake  Michigan. 
For  the  visitor,  all  the  parks  are  within  convenient  reach.  Cable  lines  or 
street  cars  will  carry  you  to  any  of  them  at  the  uniform  rate  of  five  cents. 
Trains  on  the  Illinois  Central  will  take  you  to  Jackson  Park  (World's  Fair 
Grounds)  and  return  for  twenty  cents.  The  great  parks  are  grouped  as 
follows: 

SOUTH  SIDE.— Jackson  Park— Take  Illinois  Central  train  foot  Randolph, 
Van  Buren,  Sixteenth,  Twenty-second,  Twenty-seventh  or  Thirty-first  streets, 
or  Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  line.  Washington  Park— Take  State  street  or 
Cottage  Grove  avenue  cable  line,  the  former  for  Grand  boulevard,  the  latter 
for  Drexel  boulevard  entrance.  Park  phaetons  convey  visitors  around 
Washington  and  Jackson  parks,  touching  or  stopping  at  all  points  of 
interest,  for  25  cents  per  adult  passenger:  15  cents  for  children. 


430 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 


WEST  SIDE.— Douglas  Park— Take  W.  Twelfth  st.  or  Ogden  ave.  cars. 
Garfield  Park— Take  W.  Madison  st.  cable  or  W.  Lake  st.  cars.  Humboldt 
Park— Take  Milwauke  ave.  cable  line  or  W.  North  ave.  cars. 

NORTH  SIDE.— Lincoln  Park— Take  N.  Clark  or  Wells  st.  cable  line  to 
main  entrance ;  take  N.  State  st.  cars  to  Lake  Shore  Drive  entrance.  Per- 
sons desiring  to  take  other  conveyances  can  make  their  selection  from  the 
hackney  cabs,  hansoms,  coupes,  etc.,  found  at  downtown  stands.  [See 
"Hack  and  Cab  Rates."!  Carriage  arrangements  may  be  made  by  tele- 
phone with  the  various  livery  stables,  by  the  hour  or  by  the  day. 

AREA  OF  PARKS  AND  PUBLIC  SQUARES.— Following  are  the  parks  and  public 
squares  of  the  city,  belonging  to  the  municipality  or  under  control  of  the 
State  Boards  of  Park  Commissioners,  with  their  area  in  acres: 


ACRES. 

ACRES. 

Aldine  Square  

1.44 

Jefferson  Park  (Jefferson)   . 

5.00 

Campbell  Park  

.05 

Lake  Front  Park 

41.00 

Congress  Park 

.07 

Lincoln  Park 

25000 

Dearborn  Park      

1.43 

Logan  Square          ... 

4.25 

Douglas  Park 

179  79 

Midway  Plaisance 

80  00 

Douglas  Monument  Square.. 

2.02 

Oak  Park  

0.25 

Ellis  Park 

3.38 

Sheet's  Park 

1.00 

Gage  Park  

20.00 

Union  Park  

14.03 

Garfield  Park 

185.87 

Union  Square 

.05 

Groveland  Park  

3.4 

Vernon  Park  

4.00 

Holstein  Park 

2.3 

Washington  Park 

371  00 

Humboldt  Park  

200.62 

Washington  Square  

2.25 

Jackson  Park 

586.00 

Wicker  Park 

4.00 

Jefferson  Park  (city) 

5.5 

Woodlawn 

3  86 

Total  

1,974.61 

CONSERVATORIES.— Winter  visitors  will  find  the  conservatories  of  the 
different  parks,  among  the  most  attractive  sights  in  the  city.  These  con- 
servatories are  open  during  all  seasons,  and  are  in  charge  of  a  skillful  corps 
of  gardeners  chosen  by  the  several  park  boards.  The  great  parks  have  all 
handsome  conservatories,  but  perhaps  those  of  Lincoln,  Washington,  Gar- 
field,  Douglas  and  Humboldt  will  attract'the  most  attention.  The  conserva- 
tories, palm  and  propagating  houses  at  the  parks  named  are  not  only 
beautiful  crystal  palaces,  but  they  are  filled  with  the  choicest  plants,  flowers 
and  foliage  from  all  parts  of  the  globe. 

SOUTH  PARKS. — Washington  Park,  Jackson  Park  and  Midway  Plaisance 
(the  two  latter  forming  the  site  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition)  are 
familiarly  and  collectively  known  as  "The  South  Parks."  The  cost  to  the 
city  of  the  grounds  which  they  cover  was  $3,208,000.  An  additional  $4,000,000 
was  spent  in  laying  out  and  beautifying  the  grounds  previous  to  the  World's 
Fair. 

WEST  PARKS.— The  West  side  parks  are  the  Garfield,  Douglas  and  Hum- 
boldt. Improvements  costing  over  $1,500,000  were  made  in  these  parks  in 
1892-93. 

FOUNTAINS,  MONUMENTS,  ETC. — For  a  description  of  the  fountains,  monu- 
ments, ornamental  work,  etc.,  see  divisions  of  this  work  under  headings 
"Arts  and  Sciences,"  "  Fountains,  Monuments,"  etc.,  and  "Amusements." 

ZOOLOGICAL  GARDENS. — There  are  zoological  gardens  at  Washington 
Park,  but  on  a  small  scale.  The  zoological  gardens  of  Lincoln  Park  are 
among  the  best  in  the  world.  Live  animals,  birds,  etc.,  from  every  country 
and  clime  may  be  seen  here,  free  of  charge. 

CITY  PARKS. — There  are  a  number  of  small  but  very  pretty  parks  scat- 
tered throughout  the  city,  not  under  the  control  of  the  State  Park  Commis- 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  431 

sioner.  These  are  maintained  at  the  expense  of  the  municipal  government. 
Many  of  them,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  are  of  far  more  importance  to  the  neigh- 
borhoods in  which  they  are  situated  than  the  larger  and  more  pretentious 
ones.  Among  these  are  the  following:  On  the  South  side,  Lake  Park,  known 
more  familiarly  as  the  Lake  Front;  bounded  by  Lake  Michigan  on  the  east, 
Michigan  ave.  blvd.  on  the  west,  Randolph  st.  on  the  north  and  Park  pi.  on 
the  south.  The  area  of  the  park  proper  is  forty-one  acres.  The  Art  Institute 
occupies  a  portion  of  this  park.  This  is  all  made  ground,  having  been 
recovered  from  the  lake  by  filling  in  with  the  debris  of  the  great  fire  Grove- 
land  and  Woodlawn  parks  adjoin  each  other  on  Cottage  Grove  ave.,  near 
Thirty -third  st ;  take  Cottage  Grove  ave.  car.  These  parks  were  a  gift  from 
the  Hon.  Stephen  A.  Douglas.  Douglas  Monument  Square;  area,  2.02  acres; 
situated  on  the  lake  shore,  between  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  sts.,  and 
close  to  the  two  parks  last  mentioned.  Take  Illinois  Central  train  to  Thirty- 
fifth  st.  Here  stands  the  mausoleum  and  monument  to  Stephen  A.  Douglas 
[see  "Douglas  Monument "],  a  pretty  little  square  from  which  a  splendi^ 
view  of  Lake  Michigan  may  be  obtained.  Ellis  Park  ;  area,  3.38  acres;  sit- 
uated four  miles  south  of  the  Court  House,  between  Vincennes  and  Cottage 
Grove  aves.,  at  Thirty-seventh  st.  Aldine  Square,'  area,  1.44  acres;  situated 
at  Thirty-seventh  st.  and  Vincennes  ave.,  which  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
private  residences;  and  a  number  of  other  smaller  squares  and  parks  farther 
to  the  south.  West  side :  Jefferson  Park  ;  area.  5.5  acres ;  situated  between 
Adams  st.  on  the  south,  Monroe  st.  on  the  north,  Throop  st.  on  the  east  and 
Loomis  st.  on  the  west.  Take  Adams  st.  car  to  Center  ave.  or  Madison  st.  cable 
line  to  Throop  st.  Vernon  Park  ;  area,  4  acres ;  situated  between  Gilpin  pi.  on 
the  south,  Macalister  pi.  on  the  north,  Center  ave.  on  the  east,  and  Loomis 
st.  on  the  west.  Two  miles  from  the  Court  House.  Take  Adams  st.  or  West 
Taylor  st.  cars.  Wicker  Park  ,*  area,  4  acres ;  situated  in  the  triangle  between 
Park,  N.  Robey  and  Fowler  sts.,  three  miles  northwest  from  the  Court 
House.  Take  Milwaukee  ave.  cable  line.  North  side :  Washington  Square  ,' 
area,  2.25  acres;  situated  between  N.  Clark  st.,  Dearborn  ave.,  Lafayette  pi. 
and  Washington  pi.  This  is  a  popular  resort  for  North  siders  who  do  not 
care  to  go  as  far  as  Lincoln  Park,  and  for  children.  There  are  other  parks 
and  squares  not  mentioned  here,  such  as  Campbell  and  Congress  parks,  on 
the  West  side,  and  Dearborn  park,  on  the  South  side.  The  former  has  no 
attractions  for  the  visitor.  The  latter  is  the  site  of  the  new  Public  Library 
bldg.  Its  area  is  1.43  acres,  and  it  is  situated  on  Michigan  ave.,  facing  east, 
between  Dearborn  and  Washington  sts.,  opposite  the  north  end  of  the  Lake 
Front. 

Ashland  Boulevard. — From  W.  Lake  st.  to  W.  Twelfth  st.,  or,  rather,  from 
Union  Park  south  to  the  boulevard  extension  of  W.  Twelfth  st., which  makes 
the  connection  with  Douglas  Park.  The  finest  residence  street  of  the  West 
division.  Elegant  mansions  rise  on  either  side,  from  Monroe  st.  south. 
There  are  also  some  handsome  church  edifices  on  the  boulevard,  among 
them  the  Union  Park  Congregational,  opposite  Union  Park ;  the  Third  Pres- 
byterian, between  Madison  and  Monroe;  the  Fourth  Baptist,  near  the  inter- 
section of  Ashland  and  Ogden  aves.,  and  the  Epiphany  Episcopalian,  at  the 
S.  E.  Cor.  Adams  st.  The  boulevard  is  a  fashionable  drive.  It  is  paved  with 
asphaltum,  and  is  the  most  perfect  roadway  in  the  city.  This  boulevard 
connects  Washington  with  Twelfth,  thus  completing  a  circular  drive  which 
includes  Douglas,  Garfield  and  Union  Parks. 

Central  Boulevard. — Connects  Garfield  with  Humboldt  Park ;  one  and  a 
half  miles  in  length;  average  width,  250  feet.  Leaves  Garfield  Park  at 
W.  Kinzie  st.,  runs  north  to  Central  Park  ave.,  east  along  Indiana  st.  to 
Sacramento  Square,  north  to  Augusta  st.  and  Humboldt  Park. 

Douglas  Boulevard. — Running  from  the  west  side  of  Douglas  Park,  at 
Albany  ave.,  west  seven-eighths  of  a  mile,  then  north  seven-eighths  of  a 
mile,  to  Garfield  Park. 

Douglas  Park. — Area,  179.79  acres;  situated  four  miles  southwest  of  the 
Court  House;  bounded  on  the  north  by  W.  Twelfth  st.,  on  the  south  by  W. 
Nineteenth  st.,  on  the  east  by  California  ave.  and  on  the  west  by  Albany 


432  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

ave.  Douglas  Park  is  beautifully  laid  out,  well  wooded  and  admirably 
situated.  Some  of  the  avenues  through  this  park  are  not  surpassed  by  any 
in  the  city.  The  lake  covers  an  area  of  seventeen  acres.  There  is  a  hand- 
some boat-house  and  refectory  here.  Douglas  Park  also  has  a  medicinal 
artesian  well  with  properties  similar  to  those  at  Garfleld  and  Humboldt 
Parks.  The  conservatories  and  propagating  houses  are  among  the  largest 
of  the  system. 

Drexel  Boulevard. — The  eastern  entrance  to  Washington  Park  com- 
mences at  Oakwood  boulevard  and  the  junction  of  Cottage  Grove  ave.  and 
Thirty-ninth  st.  It  is  a  double  driveway,  200  feet  wide  for  its  entire  length, 
running  south  to  Drexel  ave.  and  southwest  from  that  point  to  the  park. 
Through  the  center  is  a  wide  strip  of  sward,  covered  here  and  there  with 
beautiful  shrubs,  rose  bushes  and  mounds.  Upon  the  latter,  which  are  in- 
terspersed with  flower-beds  of  beautiful  design,  appear,  during  the  summer 
season,  unique  figures  wrought  from  flowers  and  foliage,  and  which  attract 
thousands  of  sightseers  annually.  At  the  intersection  of  Drexel  ave.  is  a 
magnificent  bronze  fountain,  presented  by  the  Misses  Drexel  of  Philadel- 
phia, in  memory  of  their  father,  after  whom  the  boulevard  was  named. 

Gage  Park.— Area,  20 acres;  situated  at  the  junction  of  Western  ave.  and 
Garfield  boulevard. 

Qarfleld  Boulevard. — The  first  link  in  the  chain  which  is  intended  to  con- 
nect the  South  Park  with  the  West  Park  system ;  200  feet  wide ;  extends 
along  Fifty-fifth  st.  from  Washington  Park  to  Gage  Park,  a  distance  o^ 
about  four  miles,  in  a  direct  westerly  course. 

Qarfleld  Park.— Area,  185.87  acres,  situated  four  miles  directly  west  of 
the  Court  House ;  bounded  by  Madison  st,  on  the  south,  Lake  st.  on  the 
north,  and  running  a  mile  and  a  half  west  from  the  head  of  Washington 
boulevard.  This  was  formerly  known  as  Central  Park.  The  name  was 
changed  in  memory  of  President  Garfield.  The  lake  in  the  center  of  the 
park  covers  an  area  of  17  acres.  The  park  is  extremely  picturesque,  the 
drives  and  promenades  being  laid  out  in  the  most  enchanting  manner.  The 
boathouse  is  one  of  the  finest  to  be  seen  in  the  park  system.  There  is  a  hand- 
some fountain  here,  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Mancel  Talcott,  and  an  artesian  well 
which  furnishes  half  the  city  with  medicinal  mineral  water.  It  is  2,200  feet 
deep,  and  discharges  at  the  rate  of  150  gallons  per  minute.  The  water  is 
recommended  for  anaemia,  diseases  of  the  stomach  and  kidneys,  and  rheu- 
matic disorders.  A  magnificent  museum  of  natural  history  is  located  here. 

Grand  Boulevard. — The  western  entrance  to  Washington  Park;  198  feet 
in  width;  beginning  at  Thirty-fifth  street  and  entering  the  park  at  its  north- 
western angle.  Is  bordered  by  a  double  colonade  of  elms  and  strips  of 
sward.  The  road-bed  is  perfect  for  driving.  On  the  western  side  a  strip  is 
reserved  for  equestrians.  Toward  the  southern  end  another  strip  is 
reserved  for  speeding  fast  horses.  It  is  one  of  the  most  fashionable  drives 
in  the  city.  Following  up  the  avenue  connecting  with  Grand  boulevard  you 
are  carried  past  the  "  Retreat "  and  on  to  the  Washington  Park  race-track. 
By  keeping  on  the  same  course  you  may  return  by  the  flower-beds  and  back 
via  Drexel  boulevard. 

Humboldt  Boulevard. — Humboldt  boulevard  as  designed  will  be  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  of  the  system.  Wrightwood  avenue  will  probably  be 
taken  to  fill  the  gap  between  Lincoln  Park  and  the  north  branch  of  the  Chi- 
cago river.  The  boulevard  proper  will  be  250  feet  wide;  Logan  square  400 
by  800 feet;  Palmer  place  4,000  by  1,750;  total  length  of  drive,  three  miles. 

Humboldt  Park — Area,  200.62  acres;  situated  four  miles  northwest  from 
the  Court  House :  bounded  on  the  north  by  W.  North  avenue :  on  the  south 
by  Augusta  street;  on  the  east  by  North  California  avenue,  and  on  the  west 
by  N.  Kedzie  avenue.  This  is  one  of  the  prettiest  of  the  West  Side  parks. 
It  is  laid  out  beautifully,  has  a  charming  lake,  splendid  avenues;  is  clothed 
in  superb  foliage,  and  in  the  summer  season  makes  a  magnificent  display 
of  flowers.  Its  conservatory  is  conducted  admirably. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  433 

Jackson  Park. — Area, 586  acres;  about  eight  miles  from  the  Court  House; 
bounded  by  Lake  Michigan  on  the  east;  Stoney  Island  ave.  on  the  west; 
Fifty-sixth  st.  on  the  north,  and  Sixty-seventh  st.  on  the  south.  [Site  of 
World's  Columbian  Exposition.] 

Jackson  Boulevard. — West  Jackson  st.  from  Halsted  st.  to  Garfield  Park. 

Lake  Shore  Drive. — This  is  the  grandest  boulevard  drive  in  Chicago. 
Beginning  at  the  North  side  Water  Works  on  Pine  st.  it  skirts  the  lake  to 
the  northern  extremities  of  Lincoln  Park,  where  it  connects  with  Sheridan 
Road,  which  is  nearly  completed  for  25  miles  along  the  north  shore.  Before 
reaching  the  park  some  of  the  most  magnificent  mansions  in  the  city  are 
passed  on  the  left.  On  the  right  is  a  fringe  of  sward,  dotted  with  flower-beds 
and  covered  with  beautiful  foliage  in  the  summer  months.  The  lake  beats 
against  an  embankment  to  the  right,  and  frequently  the  spray  is  dashed 
across  the  flower-beds  when  the  sea  is  high.  Reaching  the  park  you  pass 
through  beautiful  avenues  until  you  strike  the  drive  again.  Here  vast 
improvements,  costing  over  $300,000,  were  made  from  1891  to  1893.  The  great 
breakwater  is  one  of  the  features  of  this  drive.  The  breakwater  proper 
rests  on  piles  driven  thirty-five  feet  into  the  sand.  On  this  foundation 
granite  blocks  are  laid  and  securely  cemented.  Back  of  this  starts  the 
paved  beach,  forty  feet  in  width,  slanting  at  an  angle  of  about  twenty 
degrees  until  it  meets  the  granilethic  promenade.  This  promenade  is  the 
most  attractive  feature  of  the  improvement.  Imagine  a  twenty-foot  prome- 
nade, smooth  as  glass,  three  miles  in  length,  with  Lake  Michigan  vainly 
striving  to  scale  the  paved  beach  to  the  east  of  it,  and  a  grand  boulevard 
lined  with  carriages  to  the  west  of  it ;  a  promenade  commanding  on  one  side 
a  magnificent  view  of  the  lake,  and  on  the  other  a  perspective  of  Lincoln 
Park  with  all  its  natural  and  acquired  beauties.  There  is  nothing  rigid  in 
the  lines  of  the  promenade  or  boulevard.  Without  detracting  from  the 
attractiveness  of  the  sweeping  crescent  described  by  the  sea-wall  at  Jackson 
Park,  it  must  be  said  that  the  sinuous  curves  marking  the  contour  of  the 
Lincoln  Park  beach,  promenade,  boulevard  and  canal,  are  more  artistic  and 
pleasing. 

Lincoln  Park. — Area,  250  acres,  two  and  a  half  miles  in  width  by  one 
and  a  half  miles  in  length;  bounded  by  Lake  Michigan  on  the  east,  Clark 
st.  on  the  west,  North  ave,  on  the  south  and  Diversey  st.  on  the  north.  The 
southern  portion  was  formerly  a  cemetery.  The  tomb  of  the  Couch  family 
remains;  all  others  were  long  since  removed.  First  board  of  commission- 
ers appointed  in  1869,  since  which  time  it  has  been  under  state  supervision. 
There  is  embraced  within  this  small  piece  of  territory  perhaps  more  attrac- 
tions than  can  be  found  in  any  park  of  the  country.  Where  nature  left  off 
art  began,  and  the  two  have  contributed  toward  making  Lincoln  Park  the 
most  charming  in  the  city.  The  visitor  will  be  delighted  with  the  undulating 
character  of  the  ground,  the  gracefully  winding  and  curving  avenues 
which  stretch  out  in  every  direction ;  the  beautiful  lakes,  the  handsome 
bridges,  the  splendid  foliage,  the  magnificent  statuary,  the  gorgeous  banks, 
beds  and  avenues  of  choicest  flowers,  the  rare  and  wonderful  shrubbery, 
the  pretty  little  dells,  knolls  and  nooks  that  lie  half  concealed  beneath  the 
noble  trees,  and  last,  though  not  least,  with  the  zoological  collection  which 
has  contributed  in  no  small  degree  toward  making  Lincoln  Park  famous. 
Here  we  find  the  Grant  monument,  facing  Lake  Michigan  on  the  Lake  Shore 
Drive.  Here,  also,  is  the  Lincoln  statue,  by  St.  Gaudens,  facing  the  main 
entrance,  a  splendid  likeness  of  the  great  president,  and  pronounced  one 
cf  the  finest  pieces  of  sculpture  in  the  world.  This  statue  cost  $50,000  and 
was  presented,  together  with  a  drinking  fountain,  by  the  late  Eli  Bates. 
Here,  also,  are  the  "  Indian  Group  "  in  bronze,  presented  by  the  late  Martin 
Ryerson;  the  La  Salle  monument,  presented  by  Lambert  Tree,  and  the 
Schiller  monument,  presented  by  German  residents  of  Chicago.  [See 
"  Fountains,  Monuments,"  etc.]  An  entire  day  may  be  spent  pleasantly  by 
the  visitor  in  Lincoln  Park.  The  great  conservatories,  flower  beds  and 
zoological  collection  can  hardly  be  seen  in  less  time.  There  is  a  comfort- 
able refectory  in  the  boat-house  on  the  main  lake.  Boats  may  be  rented  at 
25  cents  an  hour. 


434  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Michigan  Avenue  Boulevard.—  Michigan  ave.,  from  Jackson  st.  on  the 
north  to  Thirty-fifth  st.  on  the  south,  a  distance  of  three  and  a  quarter  miles. 
It  is  100  feet  wide  from  curb  to  curb,  and  skirts  the  Lake  Front  Park, 

Midway  Plaisance. — Area,  eighty  acres;  a  woodland  drive  connecting 
Washington  with  Jackson  Park.  [Site  of  portion  of  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition.] 

Oakwood  Boulevard.— Connects  Drexel  and  Grand  blvds. ;  100  feet  wide 
and  half  a  mile  long.  It  enters  Grand  blvd.  at  Thirty -ninth  st.,  and  touches 
Drexel  blvd.  at  its  intersection  with  Cottage  Grove  ave. 

Ogden  Boulevard.— Running  southwest  from  the  junction  of  W.  Twelfth 
st.  boulevard  and  Oakley  ave.  Connects  Ashland  and  W.  Twelfth  st.  boule- 
vards with  Douglas  Park. 

Thirty-Fifth  Street  Boulevard.— The  connecting  link  between  Grand  and 
Michigan  ave.  boulevards;  sixty-six  feet  wide  and  one-third  of  a  mile  in 
length. 

Union  Park. — Area,  14.3  acres;  situated  one  and  three-quarter  miles 
directly  west  of  the  Court  House;  bounded  by  Warren  ave.  on  the  south, 
Lake  st.  on  the  north,  Ogden  ave.  on  the  east  and  Ashland  ave.  on  the  west. 
The  lake  has  recently  been  enlarged  and  rebedded ;  many  unsightly  mounds 
have  been  cut  away,  and  every  year  will  add  to  its  attractiveness  in  the 
future.  The  portion  of  the  park,  through  which  Washington  blvd.  passes, 
is  laid  out  in  flower  beds.  This  is  one  of  the  most  popular  West  side  breath- 
ing places  in  the  summer,  and  on  Sundays  it  is  usually  crowded. 

Washington  Boulevard.— The  continuation  of  W.  Washington  St.,  west 
from  Halsted  st.  to  Garfield  Park,  and  the  driveway  from  the  center  of  the 
city  to  the  parks  and  boulevards  of  the  West  Park  system.  Passes  through 
Union  Park,  a  beautiful  square. 

Washington  Park. — Area,  371  acres;  situated  about  one  and  a  quarter 
miles  west  of  Lake  Michigan  and  about  six  and  a  half  miles  southeast  of 
the  Court  House ;  bounded  on  the  east  by  Kankakee  ave.,  on  the  west  by 
Cottage  Grove  ave.,  on  the  north  by  Fifty-first  st.  and  on- 'the  south  by  Six- 
tieth st.  The  finest  of  Chicago's  parks.  It  lacks  many  of  the  advantages 
which  are  enjoyed  by  Lincoln  and  Jackson  Parks,  the  contiguity  of  the 
lake  being  of  itself  one  of  the  greatest  charms  of  the  two  last  named.  South 
Park  has  statelier  trees,  grander  avenues.more  sweeping  perspectives, more 
charming  drives  than  any  other  park  in  the  city.  It  has  the  famous 
"Meadow,"  a  stretch  of  velvety  sward  that  covers  100  acres  and  the  "  Mere," 
with  its  thirteen  acres  of  water,  picturesquely  sparkling  behind  long  lines 
of  ancient  oaks  and  elms,  and  bathing  the  emerald  banks  of  the  mounds  and 
knolls  which  almost  conceal  it  from  the  view  of  the  passing  visitor.  It  has 
also  its  great  conservatory  and  its  splendid  stables,  which  cover  325x200 
feet,  and  through  which  you  will  be  driven  if  you  take  a  park  phaeton.  It 
has  its  delightful  refectory,  known  as  the  "Retreat,"  where  refreshments  are 
served  for  man  and  beast,  but  its  flower  gardens  are  its  greatest  boast,  and 
here  the  visitor  will  pause  the  longest,  for  the  angle  in  front  of  the  flower 
house  is  probably  the  most  seductive  spot  Chicago  has  to  offer  the  lover  of  the 
beautiful  in  nature.  Here  you  will  find  during  the  months  between  May  and 
November,  the  best  exhibition  of  the  landscape  gardening  art  in  the  world. 
Flowers  and  foliage  are  made  to  do,  in  the  hands  of  the  gardener,  what  the 
brush  and  palette  accomplish  for  the  artist.  The  designs  are  changed  annu- 
ally, and  are  always  original,  always  interesting  and  always  lovely.  An 
entire  day  can  be  very  pleasantly  spent  in  Washington  Park. 

West  Twelfth  Street  Boulevard.— West  from.  Ashland  ave.  to  Oakley  ave., 
where  it  connects  with  Ogden  blvd.,  which  runs  in  a  southwesterly  direc- 
tion to  Douglas  Park.  This  boulevard  is  planted  with  a  double  row  of  trees 
and  parked  through  the  center,  street  cars  and  traffic  teams  taking  the 
roadways  on  either  side. 

Western  Avenue  Boulevard.— A.  zig-zag  blvd.  connecting  Douglas  Park 
with  Western  ave. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  435 

POLICE   DEPARTMENT. 

The  police  department  of  Chicago  is  under  the  official  control  of  the 
mayor  and  is  conducted  by  a  superintendent,  an  assistant  superintendent, 
a  secretary,  with  rank  of  captain;  a  chief  inspector,  four  division  inspect- 
ors, sixteen  captains,  fifty-two  lieutenants,  fifty-six  patrol  sergeants  and 
eighty-six  desk  sergeants.  The  entire  force  in  1893  amounted  to  about  2,500 
men.  The  territory  covered  by  this  force  is  181.70  square  miles.  The  work 
of  the  police  is  supplemented  by  park  policemen,  detective  patrol  service, 
the  Columbian  guard  at  the  World's  Fair,  and  by  thousands  of  private 
watchmen.  Electricity  plays  an  important  part  also  in  the  police  manage- 
ment of  the  city.  All  important  mercantile  and  banking  houses,  and  numer- 
ous private  residences,  are  provided  with  various  "burglar-alarm"  devices, 
connected  either  with  the  principal  detective  agencies  or  the  American 
District  Telegraph  offices,  while  the  watchmen  of  banks  and  business 
houses  are  closely  checked  by  automatic  clocks  which  record  their  move- 
ments every  ten,  fifteen,  thirty  or  sixty  minutes  through  the  night.  The 
patrol  box  and  patrol  wagon  system  of  the  police  department  is  a  great 
preventive  of  crime.  A  dozen  or  a  hundred^  policemen  may  be  called  to  any 
given  point  within  the  city  at  any  time  of  the  day  or  night  by  the  mere  turn- 
ing of  a  key  in  one  of  these  patrol  boxes.  The  response  is  almost  instanta- 
neous. In  this  respect  the  police  are  are  as  efficient  as  the  fire  department. 

Bureau  of  Identification.— This  bureau  has  become  a  valuable  adjunct 
of  the  detective  department.  It  contains  the  pictures  of  more  than  12,000 
criminals,  many  of  them  the  most  noted  criminals  in  the  country.  The 
Bertillion  system  of  measurements  was  adopted  by  the  department  some 
years  ago,  and  is  conducted  by  George  M.  Porteous,  whose  knowledge  of 
the  system  was  acquired  under  the  instructions  of  M.  Bertillion,  the  father 
of  the  system  at  Paris,  France.  The  bureau  now  contains  the  measure- 
ments of  about  4,000  criminals. 

'•'•Central  Detail.'1 — This  old,  familiar  title,  as  applied  to  those  policemen 
who  do  patrol  duty  during  the  daytime  in  the  central  part  of  the  city,  at 
bridges,  railroad  depots,  street  crossings,  etc.,  has  been  abolished.  The 
central  detail  police  are  now  attached  to  the  "First  Precinct,  First  Dis- 
trict, First  Division."  This  precinct  patrols  that  portion  of  the  South  div- 
ision of  the  city  lying  north  of  the  center  of  Van  Buren  st.  It  contains  the 
greater  portion  of  the  wholesale,  mercantile  and  banking  interests  of  the 
city,  and  has  an  area  of  about  one  square  mile  of  territory,  containing  about 
40,000  inhabitants.  The  command  at  present  includes  the  following  officers: 
1  captain,  3  lieutenants,  3  patrol  sergeants,  3  desk  sergeants,  164  patrolmen 
on  permanent  post  duty,  57  patrolmen  on  patrol  duty,  2  patrolmen  in  plain 
dress,  4 patrolmen  detailed  in  signal  service,  3  patrolmen  detailed  as  vehicle 
inspectors,  1  patrolmen  detailed  on  licenses.  Total,  241. 

Detective  Department. — The  detective  department  and  bureau  of  identi- 
fication (Rogues'  Gallery)  is  under  the  control  of  the  chief  inspector  with 
headquarters  at  the  City  Hall.  The  force  consists  of  1  chief  inspector,  1 
captain,  1  detective  sergeant  and  50  detective  sergeants.  They  are  not 
uniformed.  Under  the  present  organization  the  department  has  become 
very  effective  and  has  done  some  fine  detective  work  for  which  they  have 
been  highly  complimented. 

Headquarters. — The  headquarters  of  the  police  department  are  located  in 
.tlu- City  Hall. 

Police  Matrons. — There  are  twenty-five  matrons  each  receiving  $630  per 
annum.  They  are  employed  at  the  principal  precinct  stations  to  care  for 
females  ;in<l  .-liildren  arrested,  An  advisory  boar<}  is  prfr.-mi/.rd  composer! 


436  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

of  ladies  selected  by  the  different  women's  organizations  in  the  city,  whose 
duty  it  is  to  investigate  and  report  to  the  general  superintendent  the  man- 
ner in  which  these  matrons  perform  their  duty,  and  to  recommend  such 
improvements  as  they  deem  proper. 

Patrol  System. — The  patrol  wagon  system,  which  is  worked  to  perfection 
in  this  city,  had  its  origin  in  Chicago.  From  the  patrol  boxes  located  at 
convenient  corners,  or  by  telephone  from  any  point,  place  of  business  or 
residence,  a  patrol  wagon  containing  from  four  to  eight  police  officers  may 
be  summoned  at  any  hour  of  the  day  or  night.  The  response  is  quick,  sur- 
prisingly so  to  strangers,  who  are  always  interested  in  its  operation.  The 
telephone  and  telegraph  are  constantly  employed  in  connection  with  the 
police  system  of  Chicago,  and  some  arrests  of  dangerous  and  notorious 
characters  have  been  made  within  recent  months  by  the  operations  of  this 
system  that  could  not  have  been  accomplished  under  the  old  methods.  The 
patrol  service  is  also  an  ambulance  corps,  and  renders  valuable  assistance 
in  rescuing  the  injured  in  accidents,  or  in  carrying  to  hospitals  those  who  are 
suddenly  stricken  with  illness.  Besides  the  patrol  wagons  there  are  two 
regular  ambulances  connected  with  the  department,  and  others  are  to  be 
added.  The  number  of  patrol  wagons  in  the  service  is  thirty-five. 

Policemen's  Benevolent  Association. — A  prosperous  association  which 
cares  for  disabled  and  the  families  of  deceased  members.  About  one-half 
of  the  force  is  included  in  the  membership.  Policemen  are  also  entitled  to 
pensions  under  certain  conditions,  and  to  retirement  at  half-pay  after 
twenty  years  of  continuous  service. 

POST-OFFICE. 

The  limits  of  jurisdiction  of  the  postmaster  of  the  Chicago  Post-office 
covers  less  than  one-third  of  the  area  of  the  city  proper,  the  outlying  post- 
offices  being  entirely  distinctive,  and  having  postmasters  of  their  own. 
[See  "Outlying  Chicago  Post-offices."]  The  central  or  general  office  is 
located  on  the  block  bounded  by  Adams,  Jackson,  Clark  and  Dearborn  sts. 
[See  "  Buildings."]  An  army  of  men  are  employed  and  the  business  trans- 
acted is  immense.  [For  statistical  matter  in  relation  to  post-office,  [see 
"  Appendix."]  The  Chicago  post-office  and  its  branches  are  in  charge  of  a 
postmaster  of  the  first-class.  There  are  within  the  corporate  limits  besides 
about  sixty  outlying  post-offices,  each  in  charge  of  'postmasters  who  are 
independent  of  the  main  office.  These,  however,  must  not  be  confused  with 
branches.  [See  "Guide — First  day."] 

Branch  Offices.— The  city  branch  post-offices,  or  sub-stations,  are  located 
as  follows:  North  Division  Station,  355  and  359  N.  Clark,  N.  W.  Cor. 
Oak;  Northw-est  Station,  517  Milwaukee  ave.;  West  Division  Station,  W. 
Washington,  Cor.  S.  Halsted ;  West  Madison  Street  Station,  981  W.  Madisc"  ; 
Southwest  Station,  543  Blue  Island  ave. ;  South  Division  Station, 3217 State; 
Cottage  Grove  Station,  3704  Cottage  Grove  ave. ;  Stock  Yard  Station,  S.  Hal- 
sted, Cor.  42d ;  Lake  View  Station,  1&53  Diversey  ave. ;  Humboldt  Park  Sta- 
tion, 1576  Milwaukee  ave. ;  Hyde  Park  Station,  142  Fifty-third.  Sub-Postal 
Stations:  Twenty-second  Street  Station,  86  Twenty-second ;  Ogden  Avenue 
Station,  324  Ogden  ave. 

Closing  of  Foreign  Mails.— Foreign  visitors  will  be  guided  by  the  follow- 
ing rules  for  the  closing  of  mails:  Mails  for  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  dis- 
patched in  closed  bags  as  follows:  Sundays,  Mondays  and  Thursdays  via 
New  York,  close  4  P.  M.  For  Denmark,  Norway  and  Sweden,  dispatched  in 
closed  bags,  Sundays,  Mondays  and  Thursdays  close  4  p.  M.  For  Germany, 
dispatched  in  closed  bags,  Mondays  and  Thursdays.  For  China,  Japan,  New 
Zealand,  Australia,  Sandwich  Islands,  Fiji  Islands,  Samoa,  and  special 
addressed  matter  for  Siam,  close  daily  at  2  P.  M..  sent  to  San  Francisco  for 
dispatch  in  closed  bags  from  that  office.  Note:  Mails  for  countries  not 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  437 

named  above  close  daily  4  P.  M.  and  are  sent  to  New  York  for  dispatch  in  the 
closed  bag's  from  that  office.  For  Canada,  Province  Ontario  and  Quebec, 
close  7  A.  M.  and  8  p.  M.  daily  except  Sunday ;  Sunday  5  P.  M.  Hamilton  (city), 
Ontario,  Toronto  (city),  Ontario,  special  dispatch  close  daily  at  2:30  p.  M. 
Quebec,  London  special  dispatch  close  daily  at  10  A.  M.  Mail  for  above  points 
close  Sundays  5  p.  M.  For  Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  Prince  Edward's 
Island  and  Newfoundland  close  daily  at  8:15  A.  M.  and  7  and  8 P.  M.  For 
British  Columbia  and  Manitoba,  close  daily  at  2  A.  M.  Foreign  postage 
tables  will  be  found  in  the  public  lobbies  of  the  main  and  branch  offices 
For  Mexico,  close  daily  at  8:15  A.  M.  and  8  p.  M. 

International  Money  Order  System. — Orders  can  be  obtained  upon  any 
money-order  office  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Germany,  Austria,  Belgium, 
Holland,  Denmark,  Sweden,  Norway,  Switzerland,  Italy,  Canada,  France, 
Algeria,  Japan,  Portugal,  The  Hawaiian  Kingdom,  Jamaica,  New  Zealand, 
New  South  Wales,  Hungary,  Egypt,  and  Hong  Kong,  India  and  Tasmania, 
Queensland,  Cape  Colony,  The  Windward  Islands  and  the  Leeward  Islands 
for  any  sum  not  exceeding  $50  in  United  States  currency.  No  single  order 
issued  for  more  than  $50.  Parties  desiring  to  remit  larger  sums  must  obtain 
.additional  money  orders.  There  is  no  limit  to  the  number  of  orders  in  the 
International  money  order  system.  The  fees  for  all  International  money 
orders,  are  on  orders  not  exceeding $10— 10  cents;  over $10  and  not  exceeding 
$20 — 20  cents;  $20  and  not  exceeding  $30 — 30 cents;  $30  and  not  exceeding 
$40—40  cents ;  $40  and  not  exceeding  $50—50  cents. 

Mail  Matter  of  the  Second  Class.—  This  class  embraces  newspapers  and 
other  periodical  publications,  issued  not  less  than  four  times  a  year,  from  a 
known  office  of  publication,  and  bearing  a  date  of  issue,  and  which  have  no 
cloth,  leather,  or  other  substantial  binding.  Such  publications  must  have  a 
legitimate  list  of  subscribers,  and  must  not  be  designed  primarily  for  adver- 
tising purposes,  or  for  free  circulation.  The  rate  of  postage  on  second-class 
matter,  when  sent  from  the  office  of  publication  (including  sample  copies), 
or  when  sent  from  a  news  agent  to  actual  subscribers,  or  to  other  news 
agents,  is  one  cent  per  pound,  or  fraction  thereof;  but  if  sent  by  any  other 
than  the  publisher,  or  a  news  agent,  is  one  cent  for  each  four  ounces,  or 
fraction  thereof. 

Mail  Matter  of  the  Third  Class. — This  class  embraces  transient  news- 
papers and  periodicals,  books  (printed),  photographs,  circulars,  proof- 
sheets,  and  corrected  proof-sheets  and  manuscript  copy  accompanying  the 
same,  and  all  matter  of  the  same  general  character,  as  above  enumerated. 
The  rate  of  postage  is  one  cent  for  each  two  ounces  or  fractional  part 
thereof,  except  on  transient  newspapers  and  periodicals  of  the  second- 
class,  which  will  be  one  cent  for  each  four  ounces,  or  fraction  thereof. 

Mail  Matter  of  the' Fourth  Class. — This  class  embraces  labels,  patterns, 
playing  cards,  addressed  tags,  paper  sacks,  wrapping  paper,  and  blotting 
pads,  with  or  without  printed  advertisements  thereon,  bill  heads,  letter 
heads,  envelopes,  plain  or  printed  addresses  thereon,  ornamented  paper  and 
all  other  matter  of  the  same  general  character.  This  class  also  includes 
merchandise  and  samples  of  merchandise,  models,  samples  of  ores,  metals, 
minerals,  seeds,  etc.,  and  any  other  matter  not  included  in  the  first,  second 
or  third  classes,  and  which  is  not  in  its  form  or  nature  liable  to  damage  the 
contents  of  the  mail  bag,  or  harm  the  person.  Postage  rate  thereon,  one 
cent  for  each  ounce,  or  fraction  thereof. 

Postal  Notes.— Postal  notes  for  sums  not  exceeding  $4.99  will  be  issued 
on  payment  of  a  fee  of  three  cents  each.  These  notes  are  made  payable  to 
bearer  at  any  money  order  office  in  the  United  States  which  the  purchaser 
may  designate. 

Rates  of  Postage. — The  letter  rate  of  postage  is  two  cents  for  each  ounce, 
or  fraction  thereof,  throughout  the  United  States  and  Dominion  of  Canada. 
The  postage  on  letters  dropped  in  the  office  for  delivery  in  the  city  is  tWQ 
cents  per  ounce.  All  letters  must  be  fully  prepaid  by  stamps, 


438  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Registry  Department. — Letters  can  be  registered  to  all  parts  of  th? 
United  States  upon  payment  of  a  fee  of  eight  cents  in  addition  to  the  regula? 
postage. 

Salaries  of  Officers. — Postmaster,  $6,000  per  annum ;  assistant  postmaster, 
$3,000;  the  superintendent  of  the  city  delivery,  $2,700;  the  superintendent  of 
mails,  $2,700;  the  superintendent  of  the  money  order  department,  $2,400;  the 
superintendent  of  the  registry  department,  $2,400;  the  cashier,  $2,600;  the 
accountant,  $1,700  per  annum ;  clerks,  from  $800  to  $1,200,  according  to  length 
of  service;  carriers,  from  $600  to  $1,000,  according  to  length  of  service. 

United  States  Money  Order  System.— The  fees  for  money  orders  are:  On 
orders  not  exceeding  $5— Scents;  over  $5  and  not  exceeding  $10—8  cents; 
over  $10  and  not  exceeding  $15 — 10  cents ;  over  $15  and  not  exceeding  $30— 
15  cents ;  over  $30  and  not  exceeding  $40—20  cents ;  over  $40  and  not  exceed- 
ing $50 — 25  cents ;  over  $50  and  not  exceeding  $60-^30  cents ;  over  $60  and  not 
exceeding  $70— 35  cents;  over  $70  and  not  exceeding  $80— 40  cents;  over  $80 
and  not  exceeding  $100 — 15  cents;  no  fraction  of  cents  to  be  introduced 
in  the  order.  No  single  order  issued  for  more  than  $100.  Parties  desiring  to 
remit  larger  sums  must  obtain  additional  money  orders.  No  applicant,  how- 
ever, can  obtain  in  one  day  more  than  three  orders  payable  at  the  same 
office  and  to  the  same  payee. 

PULLMAN,  GUIDE  TO. 

Pullman  to-day  represents  the  most  advanced  and  improved  example 
of  city  construction  which  the  world  has  seen,  and  it  is  carefully  studied 
for  its  suggestive  value  by  men  of  science,  artists,  capitalists,  economists 
and  students  of  social  science  throughout  the  world.  The  town  of  Pullman 
is  unquestionably  one  of  the  greatest  attractions  Chicago  has  to  offer  her 
visitors.  It  is  situated  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake  Calumet,  fourteen  miles 
south  of  the  Court  House.  The  extreme  length  of  the  town  is  about  two 
miles  in  a  north  and  south  direction,  and  it  is  half  a  mile  in  average  width. 
The  surface  of  streets  around  the  Arcade  is  about  nine  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  lake,  permitting  good  basements  for  buildings.  The  land  rises  to 
the  north  and  west,  and  the  surface  at  the  foundry  is  fifteen  feet  above  the 
lake  level.  All  improvements  in  the  way  of  drainage,  paving,  sewerage, 
gas  and  water  preceded  the  population,  or  were  put  in  when  the  houses 
were  built.  Pullman  has  a  population  of  11,702  (September,  1892),  and  6,324 
operatives  are  employed  in  all  the  industries  here,  and  their  average  earn- 
ings are  $2  a  day,  or  over  $600  a  year  each.  These  earnings  averaged  $610.73 
in  the  Pullman  industries  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  July  31,  1891.  In  no 
other  place  are  all  workmen  so  well  provided  for  as  here.  The  following  are 
facts'of  interest  given  in  alphabetical  order: 

Arcade.— This  structure,  250x164  feet  in  size,  contains,  on  the  first  floor, 
all  the  stores  of  the  place,  the  bank  and  post-office.  The  second  story  is 
used  for  offices,  the  library  and  theater,  and  the  third  for  lodge  rooms. 

Arcade  Theatre. — Accommodates  1,000;  furnished  with  all  modern  con- 
veniences. A  good  play  or  concert  is  given  here  once  a  week,  and  at  prices 
about  one-half  of  those  charged  in  central  Chicago.  The  drop  curtain  is  the 
finest  painting  of  the  sort  in  the  West. 

Art. — The  town  and  shops  were  built  under  the  supervision  of  artists 
and  architects,  and  it  is  the  only  town  in  the  world  built  artistically  and 
scientifically  in  every  part.  Artists  are  employed  in  the  decoration  of  cars 
inside  and  outside,  and  a  large  force  is  engaged  in  carving. 

Allen  Paper  Car  Wheel  Works. — These  works  have  a  capacity  for  build- 
ing 13,000  wheels  a  year,  The  Allen  paper  car  wheel  consists  of  a  «teel  tire, 


1 


440  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

an  iron  hub,  and  a  hard  paper  center,  or  core,  four  inches  thick,  protected 
on  either  side  by  boiler  plates,  and  all  accurately  bolted  together  with  an 
Inner  and  an  outer  row  of  bolts  passing  through  the  metal  and  paper  It  is 
used  under  sleeping  cars  and  other  costly  cars  and  it  will  run  500,000  miles. 

AtMetic  Association — This  association  consists  of  150  members,  and 
within  it  are  ball  clubs,  rowing  crews,  cricket  clubs,  etc.,  and  they  have  a 
play-ground  of  about  ten  acres  and  an  island  of  five  acres  with  boat  houses, 
race  tracks  and  grand  stands.  Annually  for  several  years,  on  Decoration 
day,  a  road  race  from  the  Leland  hotel  to  Pullman  has  been  held. 

Accidents.— A  liberal  policy  is  adopted  toward  workmen  who  are  acci- 
dentally injured,  and,  when  necessary,  provision  is  made  for  them  in  Chicago 
hospitals  which  are  easily  accessible. 

Architecture. — In  selecting  the  architectural  style  to  be  followed  at  Pull- 
man, it  was  deemed  necessary  to  choose  one  that  could  be  adapted  to  the 
great  variety  of  buildings  devoted  to  different  uses.  In  general  terms  the 
style  employed  might  be  designated  the  round  arched  or  Romanesque,  with- 
out the  Byzantine  details,  for  the  great  shops  and  principal  buildings.  It 
may  be  said  that  the  dwellings  suggest  a  simplified  modification  of  the  Queen 
Anne  style  of  architecture. 

Amusements. — The  island  and  the  play  grounds  furnish  every  opportu- 
nity for  healthful  exercise  and  out-door  amusements.  Rowing  upon  Lake 
Calumet  is  a  common  pastime.  There  are  annual  games  and  regattas  and 
cycling  races,  which  are  attended  by  amateur  athletes  from  all  parts  of  the 
country,  and  which  are  witnessed  by  thousands  of  spectators. 

Sand.— [See  "Music."] 

Bank.— [See  "Pullman  Loan  and  Savings  Bank."] 

Brass  Works.— [See  "Union  Foundry."] 

Blacksmith  Shops. — These  shops  form  a  portion  of  the  car  works,  and  run 
125  forges  for  the  smaller  forgings  used  in  car  construction. 

Birth  Rate.—4Qb  children  were  born  here  during  the  fiscal  year  ending 
July  31,  1892,  or  43  per  1,000  of  the  population. 

Brickyards. — These  immense  brickyards  have  a  capacity  for  turning  out 
30,000,000  of  brick  a  year.  The  clay  for  them  is  dredged  from  the  bottom  of 
Lake  Calumet. 

Blocks.— The  size  of  a  block  which  will  contain  tenements  for  from  fifty 
to  100  families  is  660  by  330  feet.  Twenty-five  blocks  are  now  occupied  by 
dwellings. 

Buildings.— There  are  brick  tenements  for  1,790  families;  there  are 
seventy  frame  tenements.  These  brick  buildings  contain  all  the  modern 
improvements— gas,  water,  etc.,  and  good  basements,  which  in  many  cases 
are  used  for  kitchens  and  dining-rooms. 

Business  Houses. — Business  men  rent  stores  in  the  Arcade,  or  stalls  in 
the  Market  building.  The  Pullman  Company  has  no  business  interest  in 
these  mercantile  establishments,  but  merely  rents  rooms  to  business  men. 
Pullman  has  the  best  of  markets  and  stores  of  all  kinds. 

Calumet  River. — This  stream  south  of  Pullman  flows  five  times  as  much 
water  as  the  Chicago  river,  and  will,  in  the  near  future,  furnish  from  forty 
to  fifty  miles  of  wharfage.  The  government  is  improving  the  river  from  its 
mouth  to  200  feet  in  width  and  sixteen  feet  m  depth. 

Cars. — Cars  of  every  description  are  made  here,  the  shops  having  a 
capacity  for  turning  out  each  week  three  sleepers,  twelve  passenger  cars, 
300  freight  cars,  and  several  street  cars,  the  number  depending  upon  the 
value  of  the  cars.  With  the  exception  of  glass,  lineo,  blankets,  car  springs, 
and  the  plushes  used  in  upholstering,  everything  for  the  best  cars  is  man- 
ufactured at  Pullman ;  all  marble  work,  glass  embossing,  mirror-making  and 
electro-plating  is  done  here  . 

Calumet  Manufacturing  Company.— This  company  makes  paints  which 
are  used  here,  as  well  as  for  the  outside  market, 


GENERAL  INFORMATION. 


441 


Cemeteries. — In  the  immediate  neighborhood  there  are  cemeteries.  On 
the  north  is  Oakwoods,  and  on  the  west  are  Mount  Greenwood,  Mount 
Olivet  and  Mount  Hope  cemeteries. 

Census.— Enumerations  of  the  people  have  been,  taken  as  shown  in  the 
following  tabular  statement: 

ENUMERATIONS.' 


DATES. 
January  1  ,  1881  

POPULATION. 
4 

DATES. 

July  28,  1885 

POPULATION. 
....           8,603 

March  1,  1881 

57 

July  1    1886 

8  861 

June  1,  1881  

654 

October  1,  1886.     .  . 

9,013 

February  1,  1882. 

2,084 

October  6    1887. 

10  081 

March  ],  1883  

4,512 

July  1,  1888    

10,560 

August  15,  1883  

5,823 

July  1    1889 

10,610 
10,680 

November  20,  1883  

6,685 

July  31,  1890     

September  30,  1884 

....            8  513 

September  30,  1892 

11,702 

The  last  census  showed  6,202  men,  2,111  women  and  3,389  children. 

Chicago.— Pullman  is  now  in  the  Thirty -fourth  ward  of  Chicago!  the  cit  y 
containing  over  1,500,000  population. 

Children's  Work.—  As  yet,  only  a  few  children  work  in  the  factories  here, 
probably  100  in  all. 

Churches. — Pullman  has  eight  different  church  societies  and  a  number  of 
handsome  church  edifices. 

Corliss  Engine.— This  beautiful  engine  ran  the  machinery  at  the  Phil- 
adelphia Centennial  Exposition.  It  is  rated  at  2,500  horse-power.  Connected 
with  it  are  3,000  feet  of  main  shafting.  89,379  feet  of  belting  convey  power  to 
machinery  in  the  Pullman  shops.  This  engine  weighs  700  tons. 

Columbia  Screw  Company. —Here  metal  screws  of  all  sorts  are  made,  the 
average  daily  product  (October,  1892),  being  1,500  gross. 

Dairy  Farm.— This  farm,  on  the  Calumet  nver,  keeps  from  80  to  100 
cows;  the  milk  is  all  sold  in  Pullman  and  vicinity. 

Drainage.— A  system  of  drains  and  laterals  takes  the  atmospheric 
water  from  roofs  and  streets  into  Lake  Calumet.  The  drainage  of  the  town  is 
perfect,  and  preceded  the  population,  it  being  put  in  simultaneously  with 
the  building  of  the  houses. 

Dry  Kilns.— The  shops  have  extensive  dry  kilns  for  drying  the  lumber 
used  in  passenger  and  sleeping  cars. 

Drop  Forge  Company. — Here  are  made  all  manner  of  drop  forgings  from 
steel. 

Dredging.— A.  dredge  is  in  constant  use  taking  clay  from  the  bottom  of 
Lake  Calumet  for  the  brick  yards,  and  at  the  same  time  excavating  channels 
for  the  future  use  of  shipping. 

Depots. — There  are  now  eight  railway  depots,  which  render  all  portions 
Of  the  Pullman  lands  easily  accessible. 

Doctors.-— There  are  now  five  resident  physicians,  one-quarter  of  the 
average  number  in  the  United  States  for  such  a  population. 

Engines.—  There  are  (Jan.  1,  1893, )  twenty    different    steam    engines 
in  and  around  the  Pullman  Car  Works  and  they  are  rated  at  about  9;iiOO 
horse-power. 

Electric  Lighting. — The  paint  shops  of  the  freight  car  works  are  lighted 
by  101  arc  lights,  each  of  1,600  candle-power,  and  about  750  incandescent 
lamps  are  used  in  other  portions  of  the  works.  With  the  completion  of  the 
power  house,  now  (Jan.  1,  1893)  building,  the  shops,  public  buildings  and 
portions  of  the  town  will  be  lighted  by  electricity. 


442  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Electro-plating.— Here  the  metal  trimmings  used  in  the  cars,  such  as 
curtain  rods,  brackets,  pumps,  locks,  hinges,  sash  trimmings,  door  knobs, 
etc.,  are  finished  and  plated. 

Flats.— [See  "Buildings."] 

Freight  Car  Shops.— The  capacity  of  these  shops  is  fifty  finished  cars 
a  day,  or  one  for  every  twelve  minutes  of  working  time. 

Fire  Department.— This  is  now  under  the  city  fire  marshal. 

fuel. — In  what  might  be  termed  the  Pullman  industries  alone,  aboiit 
50,000  tons  of  coal  are  annually  consumed.  All  the  shavings  and  sawdust 
from  the  shops  are  burned  under  the  boilers. 

Gas  Works.— Water  gas  is  made  by  the^Lowe  process,  and  is  carried  into 
every  shop  and  house  in  Pullman. 

Glass.— All  the  glass  used  in  cars  is  prepared  here,  that  is,  etched, 
beveled  and  silvered,  as  required.  Mirrors  for  Pullman  cars  are  also  made 
here. 

Geology. — There  is  a  deposit  here  of  bowlder  drift  blue  clay  about  ninety 
feet  thick,  resting  upon  lime  rock,  making  the  best  possible  foundation  for 
buildings  of  every  sort. 

Greenhouses, — These  are  kept  for  furnishing  the  town,  its  parks  and 
gardens  with  flowering  annuals. 

Garbage.—  At  present  all  the  garbage  is  collected  each  day  and  buried  at 
a  distance  from  the  town.  The  disposal  of  it  by  burning  is  under  discus- 
sion. 

Hydrants. — There  are  160  fire  or  street  hydrants,  set  at  intervals  of  300 
feet  on  the  streets. 

Halls.—  There  is  abundance  of  hall  room  in  the  place. 

Hammer  Shop. — Car  axles,  equalizers  and  other  heavy  forgings  are  made 
here,  and  a  number  of  heavy  steam-hammers  are  in  use. 

Hennepin  Canal. — When  a  canal,  known  under  this  name,  is  made,  its 
natural  northern  outlet  will  be  the  Calumet  river,  which  flows  along  our 
southern  border.  The  mouth  of  that  river  will  eventually  constitute  the 
north  end  of  a  great  water-way  connecting  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  with  the 
great  lakes. 

History.—  Work  was  begun  here  in  May,  1880,  and  the  first  family  came 
January  1,  1881;  the  second,  late  in  March  of  the  same  year. 

Health.— The  health  of  the  citizens  here  has  always  been  good.  The 
number  of  deaths  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  July  31,  1890,  was  160,  and  during 
the  year  ending  July  31,  1892,  they  were  169. 

Hospitals.— The  city  hospitals  are  so  easily  reached  that  it  has  not  as  yet 
been  found  necessary  to  build  such  an  institution  here. 

Hotel.— There  is  only  one  hotel  as  yet  and  it  can  accommodate  about  one 
hundred  guests.  It  is  known  as  Hotel  Florence. 

Journals.— The  Pullman  Journal,  a  weekly  paper  of  sixteen  pages,  is  the 
only  newspaper  published  here. 

Island. — The  ground  known  as  the  Island  contains  five  acres,  and  lies  at 
the  foot  of  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  st.  It  has  boat  houses,  grand  stands, 
a  race-course  and  ground  especially  prepared  for  all  manner  of  athletic 
exercises.  It  is  under  the  control  of  the  Pullman  Athletic  Association; 
many  regattas  have  been  held  here. 

Ice  Houses. — These  houses,  belonging  to  the  Pullman  company,  on  the 
southwest  shore  of  the  lake,  hold  24,000  tons  of  ice.  There  are  many  other 
ice  houses  on  the  Calumet  river  and  lake. 

Iron  Machine  Shop— This  is  a  part  of  the  car  shops,  in  which  all  kinds 
pt  iron  machine  work  are  done, 


[Engraved  for  Tne  Standard  Guide  Company  i 
CORLISS  ENGINE  HOUSE  AND  WATER  TOWER,  PULLMAN,  CHICAGO. 
[See  "  Pullman,"] 


444  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Insurance. — All  property  here  is  kept  fully  insured. 

Industries. — The  various  industries  now  here  are  the  car  works  of  Pull- 
man's Palace  Car  Company,  the  Union  Foundry  and  Pullman  Car  Wheel 
Works,  the  Allen  Paper  Car  Wheel  Works,  the  Chicago  Drop  Forge  and 
Foundry  Company's  Works,  the  Pullman  Iron  and  Steel  Works,  the  Pullman 
Laundry,  the  Calumet  Manufacturing  Company's  Paint  Works,  the  Pullman 
Brick  Works,  the  Pullman  Street  Car  Works,  the  works  of  the  Illinois  Terra 
Cotta  Lumber  Company,  the  Columbia  Screw  Works,  and  the  Standard  Knit- 
ting Mills. 

Lake  Calumet. — This  lake  is  three  and  a  half  miles  long  by  a  mile  and  a 
half  in  width,  and  may  eventually  be  made  into  a  good  harbor, 

Lake  Michigan. — This  inland  sea  is  330  miles  long  by  an  average  of  sixty 
miles  in  width,  and  ninety  miles  wide  at  its  widest  part,  and  is  576  feet  above 
the  sea  level. 

Lake  Vista.— This  little  artificial  lake,  in  front  of  the  shops,  contains 
about  three  acres. 

Library.— The  Pullman  Library  contains  8,000  volumes  and  takes  seventy 
papers  and  pei'iodicals.  It  is  a  personal  gift  of  President  Pullman  to  his 
city.  It  is  a  circulating  library;  20,221  books  were  drawn  from  it  during  the 
fiscal  year  ending  July  31,  1892. 

Labor.— [See  "  Workmen  and  Wages."] 

Land  Association.— [See  "  Pullman  Land  Association."] 

Living  at  Pullman. — In  close  proximity  to  the  Stock  Yards  and  surrounded 
by  market  gardens,  there  is  no  cheaper  place  on  the  continent  than  Pullman 
in  which  to  reside.  Meats  here  cost  less  than  one-half  as  much  as  they  do 
in  New  York  and  Boston. 

Leases. — The  leases  have  a  clause  permitting  the  tenant  to  vacate  a 
house  on  ten  days'  notice.  [See  "  Rents."] 

Lumberyards. — About  fifty  different  kinds  of  lumber  are  used  here,  and 
nearly  half  a  million  dollars  wortu  is  constantly  kept  on  hand  in  the  yards. 
The  yards  cover  about  eighty  acres  of  ground.  Lumber  is  obtained  from 
South  America,  Central  America,  Mexico,  the  East  Indies,  and  from  half  the 
states  of  the  Union. 

Machinery. — There  is  nearly  a  million  dollar's  worth  of  machinery,  the 
different  machines  numbering  about  900  in  the  Pullman  works,  in  all  the 
industries  of  Pullman,  and  it  is  needless  to  say  that  it  is  the  best  of  its 
kind. 

Manufacturing. — The  total  value  of  the  finished  product  from  all  the 
manufactories  at  Pullman  is  now  about  fifteen  millions  of  dollars  a  year. 
That  of  the  whole  country  is  now  at  the  rate  of  ten  thousand  millions  of 
dollars  a  year. 

Market.— This  building  is  112  by  102  feet  in  size,  and  in  it  are  the  market 
stalls  from  which  meat,  vegetables,  canned  goods,  fruit,  fish  and  poultry 
are  sold.  Over  the  market  stalls  is  a  public  hall  which  will  accommodate  an 
audience  of  600,  and  over  this  a  well  appointed  lodge-room. 

Municipal. — Pullman  is  now  in  the  thirty-fourth  ward  of  Chicago. 

Music. — Pullman  has  one  of  the  best  military  bands  in  the  west;  it  now 
has  fifty  musicians.  It  carried  off  the  first  prize  in  the  state  band  contest 
at  Peoria,  Oct.  3,  1890;  it  also  took  eight  other  prizes. 

Nativity.— The  following  table  exhibits  the  types  of  all  the  workmen 
and  shows  the  countries  whevo  they  were  born: 


GENERAL   INFORMATION. 
NATIVITY   OF  WAGE-EARNERS,  SEPT.  15,  1892. 


445 


Types. 

Countries  where  born. 

Number 
in  each 
country. 

Total 
of 
types. 

America.                               

United  States 

1,796 

1,796 

f  Denmark  
1  Finland  

89 
1 

|  Norway  
(,  Sweden 

169 
1,163 

1,422 

1  Austria  

66 

fierrriap 

•<  Bohemia  

26 

f  Germany 

732 

824 

f  Australia             

2 

|  Canada  

264 

British 

•i  England 

365 

Scotland 

131 

[  Wales                        .   . 

34 

796 

Dutch  

Holland   

753 

753 

Irish  

Ireland  

402 

402 

{Belgium 

16 

France    

26 

Latin  .... 

Italy 

99 

Spain    

1 

Switzerland. 

28 

170 

All  others  

161 

6,324 

Organization.— The  Pullman  Car  Works  have  a  general  manager  and  the 
town  a  general  superintendent,  and  under  these  are  foremen  in  charge  of 
the  several  departments.  Every  independent  industry,  of  course,  has  its 
own  superintendent. 

Play  Grounds.— [See  "Island  and  Amusements."] 

Parks.— The  whole  place  is  a  park  in  itself. 

Passenger  Car  Shops. — [See  "  Cars."]  These  shops  have  room  for  about 
150  cars,  and  have  capacity  for  turning  out  from  ten  to  twelve  passenger  cars 
a  week  and  three  sleeping  cars.  They  also  repair  from  fifty  to  one  hun- 
dred cars  a  month.  These  shops  are  admirably  lighted  and  perfectly  venti- 
lated. 

Pa vements.—  There  are  nearly  eight  miles  of  paved  streets.  The  streets 
are  all  surfaced  with  the  best  of  macadam. 

Police. — A  detail  of  two  men  from  the  Chicago  force. 

Politics.— The  two  political  parties  are  about  equally  divided  here,  both 
having  prosperous  clubs. 

Pullman  Cars. — The  Pullman  Company  now  own  and  operate  2,239  cars 
(October  15,1892),  and  on  125,111  miles  of  railroad.  In  his  annual  report 
made  October  13,  1892,  President  Pullman  says:  The  number  of  cars  owned 
or  controlled  is  2,239,  of  which  1,985  are  standard  and  254  tourist  or  second- 
class  cars.  The  number  of  passengers  carried  during  the  year  was  5,279,020; 


446  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

the  number  of  miles  run,  191,255,656.    The  total  mileage  of  railways  covered 
by  contracts  for  the  operation  of  the  cars  of  this  company  is  125,111. 

Pullman  City. — [See  "History."]  It  was  begun  in  May,  1880,  and  now  has 
about  12,000  people,  with  12,000  more  within  a  mile  of  its  depot.  [See  "  Ind\is- 
tries  and  Census."] 

Pullman  Company. — In  remarks  made  at  the  annual  meeting1  of  the  Pull-* 
man  Company,  held  October  13,  1892,  President  Pullman  said:  There  has 
been  added  during  the  fiscal  year  to  the  company's  investment  in  shops  and 
plant  $155,783.50.  The  value  of  manufactured  product  of  the  car  works  of 
the  company  for  the  year  was  $10,308,939.66,  and  of  other  industries,  includ- 
ing rentals,  $1,417,403.91,  making  a  total  of  $11,726,343.57.  The  average  number 
of  names  on  the  pay-rolls  at  Pullman,  in  the  Pullman  industries  alone,  for 
the  year  was  4,942,  and  wages  paid  $2,918,997.41,  making  an  average  for  each 
person  employed  of  $590.65.  The  total  number  of  persons  in  the  employ  of 
the  company  in  its  manufacturing  and  operating  departments  is  12,809; 
wages  paid  during  the  year  $6,619,156.63. 

Pullman  Farm.— Three  miles  south  of  the  depot  are  140  acres  of  land, 
which  have  been  drained  and  piped  for  the  reception  and  distribution  of 
sewage,  which  is  pumped  there  from  the  town  through  a  twenty  inch  force 
main.  The  leading  crops  raised  are  onions,  celery,  cabbage  and  potatoes. 

Pullman  Iron  and  Steel  Works.— These  works  employ  250  men  and  turn 
out  100  tons  of  rolled  iron  a  day.  This  iron  is  made  largely  from  scrap. 

Pullman  Land  Association. — This  corporation  owns  over  3,200  acres  of 
land  in  the  Calumet  region,  and  the  Palace  Car  Company  owns  about  500 
acres.  The  town  is  chiefly  upon  the  lands  of  the  Palace  Car  Company. 

Pullman  Loan  and  Savings  Bank.— Located  at  Pullman,  Chicago.  Offi- 
cers:— George M.  Pullman,  president;  Edward  F.  Bryant,  secretary.  Organ- 
ized May  7, 1883.  Statement  at  close  of  business,  December  31 , 1892.  Resources : 
Loans  and  discounts  $488,227.83;  bonds  and  stocks  $372,850. 00;  due  from  banks 
and  depositories  $206,386.37;  real  estate,  furniture  and  fixtures,  $2,827.82;  cash 
$78,538.71;  total  $1,148,830.73.  Liabilities:— Capital  $100,000;  surplus  $70,000; 
profit  and  loss  $21,136.15;  dividend  unpaid,  $3,000;  deposits,  commercial, 
$378,141.04;  deposis,  savings,  $576,553.54;  total  $1,148,830.73.  December  31 , 1892, 
there  were  2,000 savings  depositors,  their  aggregate  deposits  being  $576,553.54, 
or  $288.26  as  the  average  for  each  savings  depositor. 

Rents. — The  rents  of  houses  here  range  from  five  to  fifty  dollars  a  month, 
the  average  being  fourteen  dollars  a  month;  but  there  are  hundreds  of 
tenements  renting  from  six  to  nine  dollars  a  month.  These  rents  are  con- 
siderably less  than  those  for  similar  tenements  anywhere  else  in  Chicago. 

Railroad. — There  are  thirty-five  miles  of  railroad  connected  with  the 
town  and  shops.  This  road  has  three  locomotives  and  156  'cars.  The  road 
connects  with  the  belt  lines. 

Stables.— The  Pullman  stables  care  for  sixty  horses,  and  contain  the 
quarters  of  the  Fire  department. 

Secret  Societies. — Such  societies  are  well  represented  here,  there  being 
about  forty  different  clubs  and  associations  in  the  town. 

Streets. — There  are  nearly  eight  miles  of  paved  streets.  The  width  of 
the  ordinary  street  is  sixty-six  feet,  and  the  distance  between  house  lines 
is  about  100  feet.  The  main  boulevard,  or  One  hundred  and  Eleventh  St.,  is 
100  feet  wide.  The  streets  are  all  well  drained  and  have  good  cobble-stone 
gutters,  well  provided  with  catch-basins;  shade  trees,  too,  are  planted  on 
either  side,  and  there  are  handsome  grass-plats  between  the  sidewalks  and 
the  wagon  roads. 

Sewers  and  Sewage. — A  system  of  pipes,  entirely  separate  from  the  drains 
for  surface  water,  and  running  below  them,  takes  the  sewage  from  houses 
and  shops  to  a  reservoir  holding  300,000  gallons  under  the  water  tower.  The 
sewage  is  pumped  through  a  twenty  inch  iron  force  main  from  this  reservoir 
as  fast  as  received  to  a  sewage  farm  three  miles  south  of  the  town.  The 
farm  is  irrigated  with  the  sewage.  [See  "Pullman  Farm."]  The  dwellings 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  447 

are  all  provided  with  good  water  closets,  and  there  are  no  outbuildings 
other  than  woodsheds.  One  million  eight  hundred  thousand  gallons  of  sew- 
age a  day  are  pumped  to  the  farm.  During  1893,  the  city  will  build  some 
large  main  sewers  on  the  northern  border  of  the  Pullman  lands. 

Street  Railroad. — About  four  miles  of  street  car  tracks  have  been  laid 
and  surveys  made  for  as  much  more.  All  kinds  of  street  cars  are  built  here. 

Steam  Heating.— All  the  shops  and  public  buildings,  such  as  the  arcade, 
church,  schoolhouse  and  market,  are  heated  by  steam,  and  also  all  the 
dwellings  on  the  blvd.,  and  those  surrounding  Arcade  Park. 

Sidewalks. — There  are  twelve  miles  of  sidewalks,  made  largely  of  two-inch 
pine  plank.  There  is  some  gravel  walk  and  three  blocks  have  brick  walks. 

Social  Life.— There  are  abundant  opportunities  here  for  social  pleasures, 
and  a  hundred  local  trains  a  day  make  every  portion  of  Chicago  easily 
accessible. 

Schools. — There  are  excellent  schools  now  under  the  management  of  the 
Chicago  board  of  education.  The  pupils  in  daily  attendance  average  about 
1,000.  The  entire  enrollment  of  pupils  in  the  public  schools  for  the  school 
year  ending  June  30,  1892,  was  1,235.  There  are  now  twenty-one  teachers. 

Stores.— [See  "Arcade"].— The  Pullman  company  have  no  interest  in  mer- 
chandising here;  business  men  simply  rent  stores  in  the  Arcade,  and  com- 
pete for  business  with  all  parts  of  Chicago. 

Suburbs. — There  are  about  60,000  people  within  four  miles  of  the  Pullman 
Arcade,  and  the  population  is  rapidly  increasing. 

Suburban  Trains.— The  Illinois  Central  railroad  runs  about  a  hundred 
trains  a  day  to  and  from  Pullman. 

Theatre.— [See  "Arcade  Theatre."] 

Terra-  Cotta  Lumber  Co.— The  company  manufacture?  a  fire- proof  tiling 
which  is  largely  used  in  the  ceilings  and  in  partitions  01  large  buildings. 

Tenants. — Tenants  rent  their  dwellings  from  the  company,  and  rents 
are  payable  semi-monthly.  There  are  monthly  charges  for  gas  and  water. 
The  company  takes  care  of  the  streets,  parks  and  lawns. 

Tr ees.— Shade  trees  border  both  sides  of  all  streets.  The  trees  are 
largely  elms  and  maples. 

Union  Foundry  and  Car  Wheel  Works. — This  company  has  a  capacity 
for  working  1,000  men  and  using  250  tons  of  melted  iron  a  day.  All  car 
wheels  and  car  castings  are  made  here.  All  the  brass  finishings  used  in 
car  works  are  now  made  here,  and  this  department  employs  250  men,  and 
turns  out  $350,000  worth  of  work  a  year. 

Water.— The  water  used  here  comes  from  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  carried 
inside  of  all  tenements.  Water  for  the  use  of  shop  elevators  and  for  some 
boilers  is  pumped  from  Lake  Calumet. 

Water  Tower. — This  structure  is  195  feet  high,  and  in  the  top  is  a  large 
boiler-iron  tank  which  holds  half  a  million  gallons.  This  is  kept  filled  for 
use  in  case  of  fire,  and  only  for  fire  use.  [See  "Sewers."] 

Water  Works. — The  water  is  bought  by  meter  measurement  from  the 
city  by  the  company,  which  attends  to  the  details  of  collecting  its  own 
water  rates.  The  town  has  about  fifteen  miles  of  water  mains. 

Watchmen.— The  shops  are  provided  with  watchmen  who  visit  the  more 
exposed  portions  of  the  buildings  at  short  intervals  of  time,  day  and  night, 
reporting  to  a  central  station  by  telephone.  Every  precaution  is  taken  to 
guard  against  danger  from  fire. 

Wages.— The  wages  and  earnings  of  operatives  .in  Pullman  average 
about  $2  a  day  for  every  person  employed.  Of  course  some  mechanics  earn 
$3  and  $4  a  day.  Men  are  paid  twice  a  month,  with  checks  on  the  Pullman 
bank.  The  Michigan  Bureau  of  Labor  and  Statistics,  during  the  summer  of 
1891,  made  a  personal  canvas  of  8,838  workingmen  in  201  different  industries 
in  that  state,  and  found  the  average  annual  earnings  of  those  operatives  to 


448  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

be  $467.02  each,  or  $143.71  less  than  the  average  annual  earnings  of  opera- 
tives at  Pullman.  The  average  annual  earnings  at  Pullman  were  $610.73 
for  the  same  period.  [See  "  Pullman  Company."] 

Women's  Work. — As  yet,  few  women  and  girls  are  employed — about  300 
in  all  the  industries  here.  Those  now  at  work  are  in  clerkships,  in  the 
upholstering  rooms  and  in  the  Standard  Knitting  Mills.  New  industries 
will  furnish  employment  for  all  women  and  girls  who  desire  it. 

Workmen. — No  operatives  anywhere  work  under  better  conditions  than 
here,  and  the  earnings  here  are  larger  than  those  of  persons  doing  similar 
work  elsewhere.  The  best  and  cheapest  of  markets,  good  schools,  libraries 
and  churches,  with  delightful  dwellings  and  steady  work  at  highest  rates 
of  pay,  make  Pullman  a  most  desirable  place  for  the  mechanic ;  the  best,  in 
fact,  which  the  world  has  yet  offered  him. 

PULLMAN  PALACE  CAR  COMPANY. 

Main  office,  Pullman  bldg.  President,  George  M.  Pullman.  Directors, 
George  M.  Pullman,  Marshall  Field,  J.  W.  Doane,  Norman  Williams  and  O. 
S.  A.  Sprague,  of  Chicago ;  Henry  C.  Hulbert,  of  New  York,  and  Henry  R. 
Read,  of  Boston. 

President  Pullman's  Report. — President  Pullman  supplemented  his 
annual  report  October  13,  1892,  with  the  following  general  information : 
During  the  fiscal  year  ending  July  31,  1892,  new  contracts  have  been  made 
with  the  following  railroad  companies:  Little  Rock  &  Memphis  Railroad 
Company,  for  a  period  of  twenty-five  years  from  May  2,  1892;  Western  New 
York  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  for  a  period  of  twenty-five  years 
from  May  2,  1892.  The  contract  with  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad  Com- 
pany has  been  extended  for  a  period  of  fifteen  years  from  January  1,  1892. 
There  have  been  built  during  the  year  80  sleeping  and  dining  cars,  costing 
$1,332,906.50,  or  an  average  of  $16,661.33  per  car.  Work  is  now  progressing 
rapidly  on  415  additional  sleeping,  dining  and  parlor  cars  to  supply  the 
anticipated  extraordinary  demands  of  travel  during  the  year  1893.  These 
cars  are  estimated  to  cost  $5,500,000.  The  following  is  a  summary  of  the 
financial  statement  of  the  company  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  July  31,  1892 : 

Revenue. — From  earnings  of  cars  $8,061,081 ;  from  patents,  $21,751.07;  from 
manufacturing,  rentals,  dividends,  interest,  etc,,  $1,919,523.97;  total  $10,002,- 
356.04. 

Disbursements. — Operating  expenses,  including  maintenance  of  interior 
furnishings  of  cars,  legal  expenses,  general  taxes  and  insurance,  $3,438,- 
862.66;  proportion  of  net  earnings  paid  other  interests  in  sleeping  car  asso- 
ciations controlled  and  operated  by  this  company,  $947,504.31 ;  interest  on 
debenture  bonds,  $65,600;  dividends  on  capital  stock,  $2,300,000;  total  $6,- 
751.966.97. 

Surplus  for  the  Year.— Being  excess  of  revenue  over  ordinary  disburse- 
ments, carried  to  credit  of  income  account,  $3,250,389.07.  Pullman  stock  is 
now  quoted  at  200. 

RAILROADS  AND  WHERE  THEY  LEAD  TO. 

Chicago  is  practically  the  terminal  point  of  all  the  great  trunk  lines  of 
railway,  north,  south,  east  and  west,  in  the  United  States,  the  Dominion 
of  Canada  and  the  Republic  of  Mexico.  Nearly  all  the  railway  systems  of 
the  continent  have,  either  directly  or  by  proprietary  connections,  sought 
and  obtained  an  entrance  to  this  city  and  a  share  in  the  immense  traffic 
which  centers  here.  Over  one  hundred  thousand  miles  of  railway  center  in 
Chicago  at  the  present  time.  Chicago  is  conceded  to  be  the  greatest  railway 
depot  in  the  universe;  more  passengers  arrive  and  depart ;  more  merchan- 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  440 

dise  is  received  and  shipped  here  daily  than  in  any  other  city  on  the  globe. 
[Statistical  matters  with  reference  to  railroads  in  Illinois  will  be  found  in 
the  Appendix.]  Following  are  the  leading  lines : 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  System. — Total  miles  of  railroad  owned  and 
controlled  by  the  company  9,347.  The  system  extends  into  and  covers  all 
principal  points  in  the  following  states  and  territories:  Illinois,  Iowa, 
Missouri,  Arkansas,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Oklahoma,  Indian  Territory,  Texas, 
Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  California,  as  well  as  points  in  the  Republic 
of  Mexico. 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.— The  oldest  of  the  great  trunk  lines  of  the 
United  States.  The  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Company  was  chartered  in 
Maryland,  February  28, 1827,  and  in  Virginia,  March  8,  1827.  In  1852  the  total 
number  of  miles  operated  by  the  company  was  379.  This  great  railroad  has 
grown  with  the  nation,  has  assisted  very  materially  in  its  development,  and 
has  for  years  been  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  important  highways  across 
the  most  populous  section  of  the  republic. 

DEPOT. — The  trains  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Company  run  into 
the  Grand  Central  passenger  station,  situated  at  the  Cor.  Harrison  st.  and 
Fifth  ave. 

EQUIPMENT.— The  Baltimore  &  Ohio  railroad  is  equipped  in  a  most  com- 
plete  and  magnificent  manner,  its  trains  being  among  the  most  elegant 
arriving  at  and  departing  from  Chicago.  It  has  over  28,000  cars  in  its  freight 
service,  over  800  in  its  passenger  service,  and  900  locomotives. 

LINES  OPERATED.— The  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Company  operates  at 
present,  exclusive  of  the  Pittsburg  &  Western  railroad,  control  of  which  has 
been  recently  acquired,  1,243.07  miles  east,  and  755.7  miles  west  of  the  Ohio 
river,  a  total  of  1,999.4  miles. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT.— As  the  visitor  will  have  to  do  with  the  passen- 
ger department  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  railroad  exclusively,  it  is  suggested 
that,  with  reference  to  the  engagement  of  special  trains,  special  cars,  the 
accommodation  of  large  parties,  or  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  he 
call  upon  or  communicate  with  Mr.  Charles  O.  Scull,  general  passenger 
agent,  Baltimore,  Md.,  or.  with  L.  S.  Allen,  assistant  general  passenger  agent, 
Rookery  bldg.,  Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED. — The  visitor  will  take  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  railroad 
for  all  points  in  northern  Indiana,  northern,  central  and  southeastern  Ohio, 
West  Virginia,  western  and  southern  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Delaware, 
New  Jersey  and  New  York.  Take  this  line  for  Defiance,  Sandusky,  Colum- 
bus, Akron,  Cleveland,  Wheeling,  Youngstown,  Pittsburg,  Cumberland, 
Washington,  Annapolis,  Baltimore,  Wilmington,  Philadelphia,  Newark  and 
New  York  City.  Take  this  line  for  the  magnificent  summer  resorts  of  Penn- 
sylvania, West  Virginia  and  Maryland ;  for  the  Allegheny  mountain  resorts ; 
for  Deer  Park,  Mountain  Lake  Park  and  Oakland,  the  most  healthful,  beau- 
tiful and  fashionable  summering  places  in  the  United  States;  for  Berkely 
Springs,  for  Hagerstown,  and  for  the  historic  battle  grounds  of  Pennsylva- 
nia and  Virginia.  The  Baltimore  <fe  Ohio  railroad  is  the  scenic  line  of  the 
country.  Its  main  stem  and  branches  penetrate  the  loveliest  districts  of  the 
Southeast,  where  the  traveler  is  constantly  passing  from  the  glories  of  the 
mountain  into  the  delights  of  valley  scenery  of  unsurpassable  splendor. 
Information  concerning  the  beautiful  summer  resorts  on  this  system 
will  be  furnished  the  visitor  free  on  application  at  the  city  ticket  office. 

EXPRESS  TRAIN  SERVICE. — The  express  train  service  is  convenient  and 
ample.  The  through  trains  are  vestibuled  and  heated  by  steam.  Pullman's 
Palace  Sleeping  Cars  run  through  without  change  from  Chicago  to  New 
York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Washington,  Pittsburg,  Wheeling,  Youngs- 
town,  Akron,  Cleveland,  etc. 

TICKET  OFFICE.— The  ticket  office  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Com- 
pany is  located  at  193  Clark  st. 


450  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad.— One  of  the  greatest  railway 
systems  in  the  world.  Its  operations  extend  over  the  most  fertile  territory 
on  the  North  American  continent,  and  its  numerous  arms  stretching  out  in 
all  directions  and  forming  a  perfect  net-work  of  steel,  connect  and  provide 
communications  between  the  thriving  villages,  prosperous  towns  and  pop- 
ulous cities  of  eight  states  of  the  American  union.  The  total  trackage  of 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  and  controlled  lines  is,  in  round  numbers, 
7,000  miles. 

GENERAL  OFFICES.— The  general  offices  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad  are  located  in  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  general 
office  building,  Adams  and  Franklin  streets,  Chicago, 

LINES  OPERATED.— The  Chicago,  Burlington  «fe  Quincy  railroad  system 
embraces  the  following  lines:  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  R.  R. ;  Bur- 
lington* Missouri  River  R.  R.  in  Nebraska;  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  R.  R. ; 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <fe  Council  Bluffs  R.  R. ;  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Northern  R.  R. ;  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  Northwestern  R.  R. ;  Chicago,  Burling- 
ton &  Kansas  City  R.  R. ;  Burlington  &  Western  R.  R. ;  Burlington  & 
Northwestern  R.  R. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad 
exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that  with  reference  to  the  engagement  of  special 
trains,  special  cars,  accommodation  of  large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of 
special  routes,  etc.,  he  communicate  with  or  call  upon  Mr.  P.  S.  Eustis,  Gen- 
eral Passenger  and  Ticket  Agent,  general  offices,  Franklin  and  Adams  sts., 
Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED.— The  visitor  will  take  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
railroad  for  all  points  in  the  West,  Southwest  and  Northwest,  in  the  states 
of  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  Missouri,  Minnesota,  Nebraska,  Kansas,  Color- 
ado, Wyoming  and  South  Dakota.  Take  this  line  for  Streator,  Peoria,  Gales- 
burg;  for  Mendota,  Rockford,  Galena;  for  Monmouth,  Golden  and  Quincy, 
and  for  all  points  of  interest  in  western  Illinois;  for  Dubuque,  Iowa;  for 
Prairie  Du  Chien,  La  Crosse,  and  all  points  in  western  Wisconsin;  for 
Winona,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  and  all  points  in  southern  Minnesota;  for 
Burlington,  Des  Moines,  Cumberland,  and  for  all  points  in  central  Iowa;  for 
Creston,  Iowa;  for  Hannibal,  St.  Joseph,  Kansas  City,  and  all  points  in 
northern  Missouri ;  for  all  points  in  Kansas  and  southern  Nebraska,  includ- 
ing Omaha,  Lincoln,  Atchison  and  Leavenworth;  for  Denver,  Colorado;  for 
Cheyenne,  Wyoming,  and  for  Deadwood,  Hot  Springs  and  the  Black  Hills 
country.  Passengers  over  the  "Burlington  Route"  are  conveyed  to  all 
points  in  the  Rock;  mountains  and  the  Pacific  slope ;  from  San  Diego  to  San 
Francisco,  and  from  San  Francisco  to  the  Puget  Sound  country. 

TICKET  OFFICE.— The  city  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  railroad  is  located  at  211  Clark  st.,  near  the  general  post-office. 

TRAIN  SERVICE.— The  train  service  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
railroad  from  Chicago  is  complete.  The  equipment  of  all  trains  is  perfect. 
The  time  made  is  fast,  but  the  tracks  and  road-beds  of  the  system  are  main- 
tamed  in  such  perfect  condition  that  the  very  fastest  traveling  causes  no 
discomfort  to  the  traveler.  The  scenery  along  most  of  the  lines  is  bright 
and  pleasant.  The  lines  traverse  the  finest  country  in  America,  and  touch 
nearly  all  the  prettiest  villages  and  most  prosperous  towns  of  the  great 
corn  belt.  Following  is  the  train  service,  which,  however,  is  subject  to 
change. 

Train  No.  11,  for  Burlington,  Council  Bluffs  and  intermediate  local 
points,  leaves  Chicago  11:30  A.  M.  daily;  coaches,  between  Chicago  and 
Ottumwa. 

"  The  Burlington's  No.  2,"  solid  vestibule  train  for  Denver,  leaves  Chi- 
cago at  1  P.M.  daily;  Pullman  sleepers,  reclining  chair  cars  (seats  free), 
and  coaches,  Chicago  to  Denver;  dining  car,  serving  all  meals. 

Train  No.  5,  for  Council  Bluffs,  Omaha,  Lincoln,  Denver,  Hot  Springs, 
Deadwood,  the  Black  Hills  and  Nebraska  points,  leaves  Chicago  at  5:50  P, 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

GENERAL  PASSENGER  STATION  OF  THE  ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  R.  R, 
[Lake  Front,  Foot  of  J?th  St,— See  "  Railroads."] 


452  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

M.,  daily;  Pullman  sleepers,  Chicago  to  Omaha,  Omaha  to  Deadwood,  and 
Oxford  to  Denver;  reclining  chair  cars  (seats  free),  Chicago  to  Omaha,  Lin- 
coin  and  Denver,  and  Lincoln  to  Deadwood ;  dining  car,  serving  all  meals 
between  Chicago  and  Omaha. 

Train  No.  5,  for  Omaha,  Lincoln  and  Denver,  leaves  Chicago,  10:30  P.M., 
daily;  Pullman  sleepers,  Chicago  to  Omaha,  Lincoln  and  Denver,  Chicago 
toKeokuk;  reclining-chair  car  (seats  free),  Chicago  to  Omaha,  Lincoln  and 
Denver;  coaches,  Chicago  to  Omaha;  dining  car,  serving  all  meals. 

Train  No.  15  the  "Eli"  fast- vestibuled  train,  for  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph 
and  Atchison,  leaves  Chicago  6: 10  P.M.  daily ;  Pullman  sleepers,  Chicago  to 
Kansas  City,  Chicago  to  St.  Joseph  and  Atchison;  reclining  chair  cars 
(seats  free),  Chicago  to  Kansas  City;  dining  car,  serving  all  meals. 

Train  No.  15,  for  Quincy,  Hannibal,  Denison,  Houston  and  Galveston, 
(via  M.  K.  &T.  R.  R.)  leaves  Chicago  6:10  P.M.,  daily.  Pullman  sleepers 
between  Chicago  and  Dallas,  Sedalia  and  Taylor;  reclining  chair  car  (seats 
free),  between  Chicago  and  Quincy,  Hannibal  and  Taylor.  Dining  car 
between  Chicago  and  Mendota. 

Train  No.  3,  for  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  and  Atchison,  leaves  Chicago 
10:30p.M.,  daily;  Pullman  sleepers,  Chicago  to  Quincy;  reclining  chair  car 
(seats  free),  Chicago  to  Kansas  City. 

Train  No.  47,  solid  vestibuled  train  for  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  via  La 
Crosse,  leaves  Chicago  6: 15  P.M.,  daily;  Pullman  sleepers,  Chicago  to  St.  Paul 
and  Minneapolis;  coaches,  Chicago  to  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis;  dining  car 
serving  supper  from  Chicago. 

Train  No.  49,  for  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  via  La  Crosse,  leaves  Chicago 
11:20  P.M.,  daily  except  Saturday;  reclining-chair  car  (seats  free),  and 
coaches,  Chicago  to  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis. 

Train  No.  9,  for  Rochelle,  Rockford,  Mendota  and  Streator,  leaves  Chi- 
cago, 4:30  P.M.,  daily  except  Saturday;  reclining  chair  car  (seats  free), 
between  Chicago  and  Rockford;  coaches  between  Chicago  and  Mendota, 
Chicago  and  Streator. 

Train  No.  13,  Galesburg,  Streator,  Rochelle,  Rockford  and  Forreston, 
leaves  Chicago  8:40  A.  M.,  daily,  except  Sunday;  coaches  between  Chicago 
and  Galesburg,  Chicago  and  Streator,  Chicago  and  Rochelle  and  Forreston. 
Train  No.  3,  for  Keokuk,  leaves  Chicago  10:30  P.M.,  daily;  Pullman  sleeper 
between  Chicago  and  Keokuk. 

Chicago  Central  Railroad. — This  road  is  now  in  process  of  construction 
from  a  connection  with  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  at  Ogden 
ave.,  south  to  Harvey,  Illinois.  The  line  runs  parallel  to  Western  ave.  and 
about  600  feet  west  of  it.  The  road  curves  in  a  northeasterly  direction  from 
Seventy -ninth  street  to  its  intersection  with  the  Belt  Line  just  west  of  the 
Panhandle  road,  where  it  turns  and  runs  directly  north  and  parallel  to  the 
Panhandle  until  it  reaches  the  Santa  Fe  and  Grand  Trunk  railroads  at 
Forty-ninth  st.  At  that  point  it  crosses  the  Panhandle  and  runs  east  of  that 
road  parallel  to  it.  At  Thirty-ninth  st.  or  Brighton  the  road  crosses  the 
Panhandle  again  and  makes  connection  with  the  Northern  Pacific  system 
and  finds  its  terminus  in  the  Grand  Central  passenger  station  on  Fifth  ave. 
and  Harrison  st.  This  road  will  run  through  one  of  the  most  important  resi- 
dent districts  of  Chicago  and  will  make  accessible  one  of  the  finest  tracts  of 
land  in  Chicago,  running  as  it  does  from  Seventy-ninth  street  south  to  Blue 
Island  through  what  is  known  as  the  Blue  Island  Ridge.  It  is  the  intention  to 
operate  over  this  line  a  most  complete  suburban  service  which  will  be  under 
control  of  the  Chicago  and  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  The  road  is  rapidly 
approaching  completion  and  trains  will  be  running  between  the  Grand 
Central  passenger  station  and  Harvey  December  1,  1892.  Officials  same  ;is 
Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  R.  R. 

Chicago  Great  Western  Eailway.  —  A.  direct  line  between  Chicago, 
Dubuque,  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  in  the  northwest,  and  Chicago,  Des 
Moines,  St.  Joseph  Leavenworth  and  Kansas  City,  in  the  southwest,  passing 
through  the  states  of  Illinois,  Iowa,  Minnesota,  Missouri  and  Kansas. 


GENERAL,  INFORMATION.  453 

DEPOT.— All  trains  on  the  Chicago  Great  Western  arrive  at  and  depart 
from  the  Grand  Central  passenger  station,  Harrison  st.  and  Fifth  ave., 
Chicago. 

EQUIPMENT.— The  Chicago  Great  Western  railway  is  equipped  in  the 
most  modern  fashion.  Its  express  trains  are  among  the  handsomest  arriv- 
ing at  or  departing  from  the  city.  Nearly  all  its  passenger  cars  are  new  and 
many  of  them  are  magnificent  in  construction  and  furnishings. 

GENERAL  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  Chicago  Great  Western 
railway  are  located  as  follows:  St.  Paul,  Metropolitan  Opera  House  Block; 
Chicago,  Phoenix  bldg.,  Jackson  st.  and  Pacific  ave. ;  New  York,  No.  47 
Wall  st. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT.— As  the  .visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  of  the  Chicago  Great  Western  railway  exclu- 
sively, it  is  suggested  that  with  reference  to  the  engaging  of  special  trains, 
special  cars,  the  accommodation  of  large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of 
special  tours,  etc.,  he  communicate  with  or  call  upon  Mr.  F.  H.  Lord,  gen- 
eral passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Phoenix  bldg.,  Cor.  Clark  and  Jackson  sts., 
Chicago,  or  with  R.  S.  Hair,  general  Eastern  passenger  agent,  343  Broad- 
way, New  York  City. 

POINTS  REACHED.— The  Chicago  Great  Western  railway  is  a  direct  line 
to  Dubuque,  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  and  to  Waterloo,  Cedar  Falls,  Mar- 
shalltown,  Des  Moines,  St.  Joseph,  Leavenworth  and  Kansas  City.  Among 
the  points  covered  are  some  of  the  most  populous  towns  and  cities  in  the 
West:  Dubuque,  Iowa,  40,000;  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  75,000;  St.  Joseph,  Mo., 
70,000;  Atchison,  Kan.,  20,000;  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  40,000;  Kansas  City,  Mo., 
200,000;  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  150,000;  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  175,000;  Marshalltown, 
Iowa,  10,000;  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa,  5,000;  Waterloo,  Iowa,,  8,000;  Austin,  Minn., 
5,000;  Waverly,  Iowa,  3,000;  St.  Charles,  111.,  2,500;  Sycamore,  111.,  4,000. 
Other  towns  and  villages  tributary  to  this  line  swell  the  grand  total  to 
nearly  3,000,000  people. 

TICKET  OFFICE.— The  city  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago  Great  Western  Rail- 
way is  located  at  250  Clark  st.  Here  the  visitor  may  purchase  tickets  to  all 
points  covered  by  the  system,  including  all  cities  and  .towns  in  the  West, 
Northwest  and  Southwest,  secure  sleeping-car  berths,  etc.,  and  obtain  all 
necessary  information  regarding  the  arrival  and  departure  of  trains.  Here, 
also,  printed  information  in  relation  to  the  points  reached,  time  tables,  etc., 
may  be  had  free  on  application.  Depot,  ticket  office  at  Grand  Central  Pas- 
senger Station,  Harrison  st.  and  Fifth  ave. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railway.— The  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  railway  company,  as  it  exists  to-day,  was  organized  in  1864.  The 
system  of  railways  which  it  operates  is  one  of  the  greatest  in  the  world. 
Familiarly  the  line  is  known  as  "  the  St.  Paul  Road,"  and  as  such  the 
visitor  will  be  apt  to  hear  of  it  frequently  during  his  stay  in  Chicago  and  in 
the  West.  The  miles  of  track  embraced  in  the  system  number  7,094.20. 

CENTRAL  TICKET  OFFICE. — The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  railway  is  located  at  207  and  209  Clark  St.,  near  the 
general  post-office. 

DEPOT.— All  trains  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway  arrive 
at  and  depart  from  the  magnificent  union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams  sts., 
West  side,  near  the  business  center.  Take  Madison  or  Adams  street  car. 

EQUIPMENT,  ETC. — The  equipment  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
railway  company  is  modern  and  complete.  Some  of  the  handsomest  vesti- 
buled  trains  in  the  United  States  are  run  over  this  line. 

GENERAL  OFFICES.— The  general  offices  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  railway  Company  are  located  in  the  Rand  &  McNally  building,  south 
side  of  Adams  st.,  between  La  Salle  st.  and  Fifth  ave.,  Chicago. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  have  to  do  with  the  passen- 
ger department  of  this  railway  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that,  with  refer- 
ence to  arrangements  for  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  accommodation 


454  GUIDE   TO  .CHICAGO. 

of  large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  etc.,  he  call  upon  or 
communicate  with  Mr.  George  H.  Heafford,  general  passenger  and  ticket 
agent;  general  offices,  Band  &  McNally  building,  on  Adams,  between  La 
Salle  st.  and  Fifth  ave.,  Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED.— In  general  the  visitor  will  take  the  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee &  St.  Paul  railway  for  all  points  in  the  West,  Southwest  and  Northwest 
Its  lines  gridiron  the  states  of  Illinois,  Missouri,  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  Minne- 
sota, North  Dakota  and  South  Dakota,  while  it  makes  connections  at 
Kansas  City,  Omaha  and  St.  Paul  with  the  three  great  trans-continental 
routes  of  the  North. 

Chicago,  Hock  Island  &  Pacific  Bailway.—The  title  under  which  one  of 
the  greatest  systems  of  railway  on  the  continent  is  operated.  Opened  from 
Chicago  to  Joliet  in  1851.  The  system  now  penetrates  the  states  of  Illinois, 
Iowa,  Missouri,  Kansas,  Indian  Territory,  Nebraska  and  Colorado,  and  has 
direct  connections  with  lines  operating  in  all  the  states  and  territories,  from 
the  Mississippi  river  to  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  has236milesin  Illinois,  1,066.10 
in  Iowa,  286.70  in  Missouri,  1,126.96  in  Kansas,  140.97  in  Nebraska,  376.06  in 
Colorado,  and  106.75  in  Indian  Territory;  total  3,339.54  miles.  To  this  should 
be  added  179.90  miles  of  second  track,  and  564.40  miles  of  side  track,  which 
would  equal  in  all  4,083.84  miles  of  single  track. 

DEPOT. — All  trains  over  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railway  arrive 
at  and  depart  from  the  company's  magnificent  depot  located  on  Van  Buren 
St.,  between  Sherman«st.  and  Pacific  ave,  directly  in  the  rear  of  the  Board  of 
Trade  and  Rialto  buildings.  

GENERAL  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific  Railway  Company  are  located  in  the  Van  Buren  st.  depot,  Van  Buren 
and  Sherman  sts. ;  entrance  from  Van  Buren  st. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  -railway 
exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that,  with  reference  to  the  engagement  of  special 
trains,  special  cars,  the  accommodation  of  large  parties,  the  mapping  out 
of  special  tours,  etc.,  he  call  upon  or  communicate  with  John  Sebastian,  gen- 
eral ticket  and  passenger  agent,  general  offices  Van  Buren  and  Sherman  sts., 
Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED.— In  general  the  visitor  will  take  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  railway  for  points  in  Illinois,  such  as  Joliet,  Seneca,  Ottawa. 
La  Salle,  Bureau,  Moline,  Rock  Island,  and  intermediate  stations;  for  points 
in  Iowa,  such  as  Wilton,  West  Liberty,  Iowa  City,  Marengo,  Grinnell,  New- 
ton, DesMoines  and  Council  Bluffs,  and  for  Omaha,  Neb.,  and  via  the  new 
line  through  Lincoln,  Neb.,  has  direct  route  to  Denver  and  foot-hill  cities; 
also  for  Keokuk,  Farmington,  Ottumwa,  Fort  Dodge  and  all  points  on  the 
Des  Moines  Valley  division.  The  visitor  will  also  take  the  Rock  Island  route 
for  Davenport  a/nd  Muscatine,  Washington,  Fairfield,  Eldon  Numa,  and  all 
other  points  on  the  southwestern  division  in  Iowa ;  for  Kansas  City, Mo. ;  Leav- 
enworth,  Kan. ;  Atchison.  Kan.,  and  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  at  all  of  which  connec- 
tions may  be  made  for  every  point  of  interest  in  the  Missouri  Valley  and 
beyond;  for  Topeka,  McFarland,  Clay  Center,  Belleville,  Mankato,  Phillips- 
burg,  Goodland  and  Denver,  and  all  intermediate  points  in  Kansas,  Nebraska 
and  Colorado.  The  visitor  will  also  take  the  Rock  Island  route,  via  St. 
Joseph,  Mo.,  for  Troy,  Sabetha,  Pawnee,  Beatrice,  Fairbury  and  all  points  in 
the  beautiful  agricultural  country  lying  along  the  Blue  and  Republican 
rivers  in  Kansas  and  Nebraska.  The  visitor  will  also  take  the  Rock  Island 
route,  via  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph,  Topeka  and  Wichita  line,  for  Wichita, 
Wellington,  Caldwell,  El  Reno,  and  all  pointsin  Southern  Kansas  and  Indian 
Territory.  The  visitor  will  also  take  the  Rock  Island  route  for  Minneapolis  and 
St.Patil,  and  via  the  Northern  Pacific  railway  for  Bismarck,  Helena,Portland, 
Seattle,  Tacoma,  Vancouver,  Victoria  and  all  points  in  the  Puget  Sound 
country.  At  Denver,  Col.,  connections  are  made  with  lines  running  south, 
southwest  and  west,  either  through  the  plains  of  Arizona  and  New  Mexico, 
or  over  the  mountains  of  Colorado,  Utah  and  California.  The  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  railway  penetrates  the  roost  interesting  portion  of  the 


GENERAL   INFORMATION  455 

western  states.    The  scenery  along  the  lines  is  always  interesting  and  often 
picturesque  and  beautiful. 

TICKET  OFFICE.— The  Central  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific  railway  is  located  on  the  S.  W.  Cor.  Clark  and  Washington  sts. 
(Chicago  Opera  House  block),  in  the  heart  of  the  city. 

Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad. — One  of  the  great  lines  of  railroad  extending 
from  the  city  to  the  south  and  southwest.  It  has  three  great  terminals — 
Chicago,  St.  Louis  and  Kansas  City,  and  between  these  three  centers  of  trade 
and  population,  it  does  an  immense  business  annually.  Its  earnings  frour; 
all  sources  during  the  year  1891  was  $7,590,881.18;  operating  expenses, 
$4,458,749.80;  net  earnings,  $3,132,131.38. 

DEPOT.— All  trains  over  the  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad,  arrive  at,  and  de- 
part from,  the  Grand  Union  Passenger  Statiou,  on  Canal  st.  between 
Madison  and  Adams  St.,  West  side. 

TRAIN  SERVICE. —The  Kansas  City  vestibuled  limited,  which  leave« 
Chicago  at  6  P.M.  every  evening,  is  a  solid  vestibuled  train  running  through 
from  Chicago  to  Kansas  City  without  change,  and  composed  of  now  vesti- 
buled smoking  cars,  new  vestibuled  day  cars,  new  vestibuled  recliii'n^ 
chair  cars  (free  of  extra  charge),  new  Pullman  buffet  vestibuled  twelve 
section  sleeping  cars,  and  vestibuled  dining  cars.  Supper  in  dining  car 
from  Chicago  6  P.M.  to  Dwight,  8:12  P.M.  Breakfast  in  dining  car  from  Slater, 
5:25  A.M.,  to  Kansas  City,  8:30  A.M.  The  Kansas  City -limited  also  carries  a 
through  Pullman  sleeping  car  from  Chicago  to  Denver,  via  Kansas  City  and 
the  Union  Pacific  railway.  The  Kansas  City  night  express  leaves  Chicago 
at  11 :30  P.M.  daily,  and  arrives  at  Kansas  City  at  8:20  P.M.  the  next  evening. 
The  Pacific  Express  leaves  Chicago  at  1 :00  P.M.  daily  except  Sunday,  and 
arri ves  at  Kansas  City  8:00  A.M.  next  morning.  Both  of  these  trains  carry 
palace  reclining  chair  cars  and  palace  day  cars  (free  of  extra  charge),  and 
in  addition  to  this  equipment,  the  Kansas  City  night  express  carries  Pull- 
man sleeping  cars  from  Chicago  to  Roodhouse,  at  which  point  it  arrives  at 
10:20  A.M.  the  next  morning  after  leaving  Chicago.  The  St.  Louis  Limited  is 
the  fastest  train  via  any  line  between  Chicago  and  St.  Louis.  The 
distance  between  the  two  cities  is  covered  in  exactly  eight  and  a  half 
hours,  the  Limited  leaving  Chicago  at  11  A.  M.  and  arriving  at  St. 
Louis  7:30  p.  M.  This  train  runs  daily  except  Sunday.  Its  equipment 
consists  of  combination  baggage  buffet  and  smoking  car,  palace  day  car, 
palace  reclining  chair  car  (free  of  extra  charge)  and  Pullman  buffet  parlor 
car.  An  elaborate  buffet  train  lunch  is  served  continuously  from  Chicago  to 
St.  Louis.  The  St.  Louis  day  express,  leaving  Chicago9  A.  M.  daily,  has  reclin- 
ing chair  cars  and  palace  cars  (seats  free  of  extra  charge),  Chicago  to  St. 
Louis,  at  which  point  it  arrives  at  7:50  .p  M.  On  Sundays  this  train  carries 
a  Pullman  buffet  parlor  car  from  Chicago  to  St.  Louis.  St.  Louis  palace 
Express,  vestibuled,  leaving  Chicago  9  P.  M.,  and  due  in  St.  Louis  at  7:20  A. 
M.  next  morning  is  a  solid  vestibuled  train  between  Chicago  and  St.  Louis, 
composed  of  palace  reclining  chair  cars  (free  of  extra  charge),  palace 
day  cars  (free  of  extra  charge),  Pullman  compartment  sleeping  cars  and 
Pullman  buffet  sleeping  cars  from  Chicago  to  St.  Louis.  The  Springfield 
and  Chicago  night  express  leaves  Chicago  11:30  p.  M.  every  night  and 
arrives  at  Springfield,  6:35  A.  M.,  and-St.  Louis  10:40  A.  M.  the.  next  morning. 
It  carries  Pullman  sleeping  cars  from  Chicago  to  Springfield. 

GENERAL  OFFICES.— The  general  offices  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad 
Company  are  located  in  the  Monadnock  building  on  the  southwest  corner  of 
Dearborn  and  Jackson  streets. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  exclu- 
sively with  the  passenger  department  of  the  Chicago  <fe  Alton  railroad,  it  is 
suggested  that  with  reference  to  the  engagement  of  special  trains,  special 
cars,  the  accommodation  of  large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of  special  routes, 
etc.,  he  communicate  with,  or  call  upon,  Mr.  James  Charlton,  general  pas- 
senger and  ticket  agent,  Monadnock  building,  S.  W.  Cor.  Dearborn  and 
Jackson  streets,  Chicago. 


456  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

POINTS  REACHED.— In  general  the  visitor  will  take  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
railroad  for  St.  Louis  and  Kansas  City,  all  intermediate  points  and  points 
beyond,  south,  southwest  and  west.  Take  this  line  for  Joliet,  Dwight, 
Pontiac,  Chenoa,  Normal,  Bloomington,  Springfield,  Mason  City,  Petersburg, 
Ashland,  Jacksonville,  Roodhouse,  Pleasant  Hill  and  points  tributary  in 
Illinois;  for  Louisiana,  Bowling  Green,  Mexico,  Fulton,  Jefferson  City,  Cen- 
tralia,  Glasgow,  Slater,  Marshall  Blackburn,  Bates  City,  Glendale,  Inde- 
pendence, Kansas  City  and  points  tributary  in  Missouri.  Take  this  line  for 
Carrollton,  Jerseyville,  Alton,  Edwardsville,  East  St.  Louis  and  all  other 
points  between  Chicago  and  St.  Louis,  and  for  St.  Louis  and  all  points  in 
the  South  and  Southwest.  Connections  are  made  with  every  railroad  and 
railway  system  operating  in  the  South,  Southwest  and  West,  by  the  trains 
of  this  company,  either  at  points  along  the  lines  or  at  the  great  Union 
depots  of  St.  Louis  or  Kansas  City.  Three  daily  trains  from  Chicago  to 
Kansas  City,  and  four  daily  trains  from  Chicago  to  St.  Louis.  The  Chicago 
<fe  Alton  affords  a  magnificent  route  from  Chicago  to  Memphis,  Mobile,  New 
Orleans  and  all  points  south,  via  St.  Louis.  It  is  a  direct  line  to  and  from 
Missouri,  Arkansas,  Texas,  Kansas,  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Mexico,  Ari- 
zona, Nebraska,  California,  Oregon,  etc.  It  is  a  favorite  route  to  and  from 
Kansas  lands  and  Colorado,  New  Mexico  and  California  health  and  pleas- 
ure resorts  and  the  mining  districts  of  the  great  West.  Excursion  tickets 
are  sold  via  the  Chicago  &  Alton  at  greatly  reduced  rates  to  Austin,  Texas; 
Cedar  Keys,  Fla. ;  Charleston,  S.  C. ;  El  Paso, Texas;  Eureka  Springs,  Ark.; 
Fernandina,  Fla. ;  Gainesville,  Texas;  Galveston, Texas ;  Hot  Springs,  Ark. ; 
Houston,  Texas;  Jacksonville,  Fla.;  Las  Vegas  Hot  Springs,  N.  M. ;  Mexico 
City,  Mex. ;  Mobile,  Ala. ;  New  Orleans,  La. ;  Pensacola,  Fla. ;  San  Antonio, 
Texas;  Savannah,  Ga. ;  Tampa,  Fla. ;  Thomasville,  Ga. ;  Waldo,  Fla. ;  Los 
Angeles,  San  Francisco  and  all  California  and  Oregon  points;  to  Ogden, 
Salt  Lake  City  and  all  the  famous  winter  resorts  in  the  West  and  South. 

TICKET  OFFICES.— The  city  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad 
is  located  at  195  S.  Clark  st. ;  Robert  Sumerville,  city  passenger  and  ticket 
agent.  Tickets  to  all  points  on  and  reached  via  the  Chicago  &  Alton  may 
also  be  purchased  from  the  ticket  office  located  in  the  Grand  Union  passen- 
ger station  on  Canal  St.,  between  Madison  and  Adams  sts. 

Chicago  and  Calumet  Terminal  Railway  Company.— This  company  was 
organized  and  constructed'for  the  transfer  of  freight  cars  between  the  differ- 
ent railway  lines,  industries  and  elevators  of  Chicago  and  vicinity.  It  is  at 
present  in  operation  from  South  Chicago  to  a  junction  with  the  Atchison, 
TopekaA  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  a  distance  of  about  thirty-five  miles,  running 
through  the  manufacturing  districts  of  the  Calumet  region,  and  has  located 
along  its  lines  some  of  the  largest  manufacturing  industries  in  that  section. 
It  has  direct  connections  with  and  crosses  the  following  roads:  The  Balti- 
more <fe  Ohio  Railroad :  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway ;  Pittsburg, 
Ft.  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railway;  Michigan  Central  Railroad; Louisville,  New 
Albany  &  Chicago  Railway ;  Chicago  &  Erie  Railroad ;  New  York,  Chicago  <fe 
St.  Louis  Railroad ;  Chicago&Eastern  Illinois  Railroad ;  Pittsburg,Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad ;  Illinois  Central  Railroad;  Chicago, Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad;  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railway ;  Wabash  Railroad; 
Chicago*  Alton  Railroad;  Atchison,  Topek  a  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad  and  the 
Belt  Railway  of  Chicago.  Its  principal  stations  are  at  South  Chicago, 
Whiting  (at  which  point  the  Standard  Oil  Company  are  located,  with  their 
extensive  refineries,  etc.) ;  East  Chicago,  Ind. ;  Hammond,  Ind. ;  Hegewisch, 
111.;  Dalton,  111.;  Riverdale,  111.;  Blue  Island,  111;  Wireton  Park,  111.; 
Alsip,  111. ;  Johnstone,  Stickney  (also  known  as  the  Chicago  Union 
Transfer  Company's  yards),  Chappell  and  McCook.  This  road  is  doing 
much  to  develop  the  section  of  country  through  which  it  runs,  and  a 
large  number  of  important  manufacturing  firms  are  negotiating  for  loca- 
tions along  its  line.  This  system  is  now  connected  with  the  Chicago  &  North- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  which  makes  it  a  complete  belt  line,  encircling  the 
city,  connecting  with  every  railroad  north,  east,  west  and  south.  Its  gen- 
eral offices  are  located  in  the  Grand  Central  passenger  station,  corner  of 
Harrison  st.  and  Fifth  ave.,  and  its  different  officers  are  as  follows:  D.  S, 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  457 

Wegg,  president;  S.  R.  Ainslie,  general  manager;  E.  Shearson,  auditor; 
Henry  S.  Hawley,  general  agent ;  J.  W.  Kendrick,  chief  engineer ;  E.  R. 
Knowlton,  superintendent. 

Chicago  <fc  Eastern,  Illinois  Railroad. — The  Chicago  and  Eastern  Illinois 
railroad,  the  northern  link  of  the  well-known  "Evansville  route,"  is  the 
only  double-track  line  from  Chicago  to  the  south.  As  its  name  indicates,  it 
skirts  the  eastern  frontier  of  Illinois  as  far  as  Danville,  a  few  miles  south 
of  where  it  enters  Indiana  and  follows  the  western  line  of  that  state  to 
Terre  Haute  and  Evansville.  The  region  it  traverses  has  rich  agricultural 
districts,  interspersed  with  thriving  manufacturing  centers  and  prosperous 
villages.  The  course  of  the  road  is  almost  due  south,  and  as  close  to  a  per- 
fect air  line  as  the  physical  configuration  of  the  country  will  permit. 

POINTS  REACHED.— The  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  railroad  reaches  the 
southern  country  by  the  most  direct  line,  its  trains  running  without  change 
to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  where  direct  connections  are  made  with  the  fast  trains 
of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  railroad,  and  of  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga 
&  St.  Louis  railway.  Nashville  is  thus  put  in  communication  with  Chicago 
by  a  fifteen  hours  trip,  this  time  being  four  hours  quicker  than  that  made 
by  any  other  line.  From  Nashville,  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  railroad  takes 
the  traveler  direct  to  New  Orleans  or  the  Gulf  Coast  resorts,  and  both  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville,  and  Nashville,  Chattanooga*  St.  Louis  railroads, 
have  through  cars  to  Jacksonville  and  Tampa,  Fla.  Florida  bound  travelers 
journeying  via  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  railroad  reach  their  destina- 
tion six  hours  quicker  than  by  the  lines  of  any  of  its  competitors. 

TRAIN  SERVICE.— The  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  railroads  fast  train,  the 
"Chicago  &  Nashville  Limited,"  is  vestibuled  from  end  to  end,  lighted  by 
gas  and  heated  by  steam,  and  is  composed  of  Pullman  sleepers,  Pullman 
day  coaches  and  elegant  dining  cars,  on  which  an  excellent  cuisine  is  dis- 
pensed at  moderate  charges.  It  leaves  Chicago  every  day  in  the  year  at  4 
P.  M.,  reaching  Nashville  the  next  morning  at  7:10;  the  "Evansville  Night 
Express"  leaves  daily  at  10:20  P.  M.  and  carries  through  sleepers  to  point 
named.  The  "Evansville  Day  Mail"  leaves  daily,  except  Sunday,  at  8  A.  M., 
carrying  passengers  to  all  local  points  between  Chicago  and  Evansville. 
Several  additional  fast  trains  will  be  added  during  the  World's  Fair. 

SUBURBAN  SERVICE.— The  suburban  service  of  the  Chicago  &  Eastern 
Illinois  R.  R.  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  in  the  city,  over  fifty  of  its  trains 
running  daily  between  Dearborn  station  and  the  pretty  towns  along  its 
lines.  Some  of  the  finest  suburban  residence  districts  are  located  on  the 
Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  R.  R.,  among  which  are  Englewood,  Normal  Park, 
Auburn  Park  and  Roseland. 

DEPOT  AND  TICKET  OFFICES.— All  trains  of  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois 
R.  R.  arrive  at  and  depart  from  Dearborn  station,  Cor.  Dearborn  and 
Polk  sts. 

TICKET  OFFICES. — Located  at  204  Clark  st.  and  in  the  Auditorium  hotel. 
Tickets  and  sleeping  car  space  can  be  purchased  to  any  point  in  the  South, 
and  information  of  interest  to  travelers  will  be  cheerfully  furnished  at  both 
these  offices. 

GENERAL  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois 
R.  R.  are  in  the  First  'National  Bank  building,  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Mon- 
roe sts. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT.— The  passenger  department  occupies  rooms 
414,  415  and  416  of  the  First  National  Bank  building.  All  communications 
concerning  special  cars,  special  trains,  or  the  accommodation  of  large  par- 
ties, should  be  addressed  to  Mr.  Charles  L.  Stone,  general  passenger  and 
ticket  agent.  Time  tables,  maps,  illxistrated  guide  books,  etc.,  will  be 
furnished  upon  demand. 

Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Hallway. — This  is  the  connecting  line  between 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  system  of  Canada,  and  the  systems  of  railway  in 
the  United  States  centering  in  Chicago.  It  is  one  of  the  most  efficiently 
conducted  tines  on  the  continent,  and,  as  forming  a  link  between  the  Domi- 


458  GUIDE    TO   CHICAGO 

nion  and  the  United  States  systems,  one  of  the  most  important,  o  An  idea  of 
the  immense  amount  of  business  transacted  by  the  Chicago  and  Grand 
Trunk  railway  may  be  formed  from  the  fact  that  during  the  year  1889  its 
gross  receipts  were  $3,633.324.16;  its  working  expenses,  $2,722,735.97,  and  its 
net  revenue,  $910,588.19. 

CENTRAL  DEPOT. — Trains  of  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  railway  arrive 
and  depart  from  the  magnificent  passenger  depot,  known  as  the  Dearborn 
Station,  foot  of  Dearborn  st.,  Cor.  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave. 

EQUIPMENT,  ETC. — The  equipment  of  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  railway 
is  first-class  in  every  respect.  Magnificent  trains  are  run  at  frequent  inter- 
vals to  all  points  in  Michigan  and  Canada.  Luxurious  passenger  and  sleep- 
ing cars,  elegant  day  coaches,  dining  room  and  buffet  cars  accompany  all 
its  through  express  trains.  The  tracks  are  steel  and  both  the  road-bed  and 
rolling  stock  are  maintained  at  the  highest  standard. 

GENERAL  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  company  are  located  at 
Detroit,  Mich.,  and  at  Chicago.  The  latter  is  located  at  300  to  312  Rialto 
building,  Van  Buren  st.,  rear  of  the  Board  of  Trade  building,  and  opposite 
the  Van  Buren  st.  depot.  The  principal  representatives  of  the  company  in 
Chicago  are:  Mr.  Geo.  B.  Reeves  the  traffic  manager;  David  Brown,  General 
Freight  Agent,  and  Mr.  W.  E.  Davis,  the  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent. 

FREIGHT  DEPARTMENT.— Freight  traffic  of  all  kinds,  including  live  stock 
and  perishable  property,  is  handled  by  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  railway, 
between  Chicago  and  points  in  Michigan,  Indiana,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  the  New  England  states  and  Canada ;  also  European  and 
other  foreign  traffic  via  the  ports  of  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Boston,  Port- 
land and  Montreal.  The  following  fast  freight  lines  are  operated  over  the 
C.  &  G.  T.  Ry.,  viz:  Commercial  Express  Line  (Erie  route),  Great  Eastern 
Line  (Lackawanna  route),  National  Despatch  Line  (New  England  Line), 
and  West  Shore  Line  (Hoosac  Tunnel  route) ,  and  offer  unsurpassed  facilities 
for  careful  and  prompt  transportation  without  transfer  en  route.  Informa- 
tion as  to  rates,  bills  of  lading,  etc.,  will  be  furnished  at  the  city  freight 
office,  25  Pacific  ave.  (Rialto  bldg.),  or  offices  of  above  fast  freight  lines 
Nos.  23,  25,  29  and  31  Pacific  ave.  (Rialto  bldg.) 

FREIGHT  STATION.— The  freight  house  and  local  freight  office  of  the  Chi- 
cago &  Grand  Trunk  railway  is  located  at  Twelfth  st.  and  Plymouth  pi. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that  with  reference  to 
arrangements  for  special  cars,  special  trains,  accommodations  for  large 
parties,  or  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  he  communicate  with  Mr.W.  E. 
Davis,  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Rialto  bldg.,  Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED. — In  general  the  visitor  will  take  the  Chicago  &  Grand 
Trunk  railway  for  all  points  in  central  and  northeastern  Michigan,  for  all 
points  inthe  Dominion  of  Canada  covered  by  the  Grand  Trunk  railway,  and 
for  all  points  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  United  States.  Take  this  line  for 
Valparaiso,  South  Bend,  Battle  Creek,  Lansing,  Durand,  Flint,  Detroit,  Sar- 
nia,  London,  Hamilton,  Niagara  Falls,  Buffalo,  Toronto,  Montreal,  Portland, 
New  York  and  Boston.  [See  "  Grand  Trunk  Railway  of  Canada." 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS. — The  principal  officers  of  the  Chicago  &  Grand 
Trunk  railway  are :  L.  J.  Seargeant,  president,  Montreal,  Que. ;  W.  J.  Spicer, 
general  manager,  Detroit,  Mich. ;  G.  B.  Reeve,  traffic  manager,  Chicago;  W. 
E.  Davis,  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Chicago;  David  Brown,  gen- 
eral freight  agent,  Chicago. 

TICKET  OFFICE.— The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk 
railway  is  located  at  103  S.  Clark  st. 

ST.  CLAIR  TTONEL.  —  This  great  international  undertaking  connects 
Canada  and  the  United  States  at  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  and  was  completed  by 
the  Grand  Trunk  at  a  cost  of  $2.700,000,  it  adds  materially  to  the  facility  of 
communication  between  the  older  and  more  important  provinces  of  Canada 
and  the  western,  southern  and  southwestern  states.  The  tunnel  proper  is  a 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  459 

continuous  iron  tube,  nineteen  feet  and  ten  inches  in  diameter,  and  6,025 
feet  in  length,  or  a  trifle  over  one  mile.  The  approaches,  in  addition  to  the 
tunnel  proper,  are  5,603  feet  in  length,  making  all  told  a  little  over  two  miles. 
By  reason  of  the  method  of  construction  employed,  and  the  material  (iron) 
used  therein,  the  tunnel  is  absolutely  water-tight.  Trains  of  Grand  Trunk 
railway  are  hauled  through  this  tunnel  by  coke-burning  engines,  especially 
constructed  for  the  purpose  and  said  to  be  the  largest  engines  in  the  world. 
The  entire  weight  of  the  engine  and  tender  rests  upon  ten  drive  wheels. 
The  weight  of  one  of  these  monster  engines  in  actual  service  is  found  to  be 
approximately  one  hundred  tons. 

Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  fiailroad.—The  object  for  which  the  Chicago 
&  Northern  Pacific  was  incorporated  was  to  operate  a  belt  road  around  Chi- 
cago for  suburban  traffic  and  to  furnish  an  entry  to  the  city  and  terminal 
facilities  here,  both  passenger  and  freight,  for  such  roads  as  might  require 
them.  [See  Wisconsin  Central  Lines  for  lease  of  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific 
Terminal  to  Northern  Pacific  Company.]  In  addition  to  the  Wisconsin  Cen- 
tral it  now  furnishes  such  facilities  to  the  Chicago,  St.  Pa\il  <fe  Kansas  City 
and  Baltimore  &  Ohio  railroads,  which  have  equal  right  in  the  Grand  Central 
passenger  station  with  the  Wisconsin  Central.  Quite  a  number  of  roads 
are  customers  of  this  company  for  transfer  purposes.  The  Chicago  Central 
railway  connects  the  lines  of  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  and  the  Chi- 
cago &  Calumet  Terminal,  and  the  company  will  then  have  a  complete  belt 
line  around  the  city,  crossing  the  tracks  of  every  road  entering  it.  In  con- 
nection with  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  railroad  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific 
railroad  have  arranged  to  run  suburban  trains  from  points  west  of  Ogden 
ave.,  to  the  World's  Fair  grounds,  during  the  World's  Fair.  Neither  the 
Wisconsin  Central;  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  nor  the  Baltimore* 
Ohio  now  does  a  suburban  business,  as  far  as  the  tracks  of  the  Chicago  & 
Northern  Pacific  extend.  That  part  of  the  traffic  the  Chicago  &  Northern 
Pacific  reserves  for  itself,  and  it  is  one  of  the  conditions  required  of  all 
lines  leasing  its  tracks  for  passenger  purposes  that  they  leave  this  business 
for  it.  It  runs  thirty-six  trains  daily  between  Chicago  and  Conway  Park, 
and  uses  practically  two  lines  for  this  suburban  business.  One  of  these  is 
the  old  dummy  road  from  W.  Fortieth  st.  to  Altenheim  and  Waldheim  ceme- 
teries. This  road  has  been  thoroughly  overhauled  and  a  double  track  laid 
the  entire  distance.  A  good  deal  of  confusion  exists  in  the  public  mind 
regarding  the  Grand  Central  depot  and  the  terminal  facilities  connected 
with  it.  Most  people  regard  it  as  the  property  of  the  Wisconsin  Central 
road  or  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  which  has  acquired  title  to  the  possession 
of  that  corporation.  This  is  a  mistake.  All  the  terminals  in  this  city  and 
the  line  of  road  over  which  the  Wisconsin  Central  trains  run  into  the  city 
from  Altenheim  really  belong  to  a  company  separate  and  distinct  from  both 
the  Wisconsin  Central  and  the  Northern  Pacific,  of  the  very  existence  of 
which  many  people  are  in  ignorance.  This  is,  no  doubt,  in  large  measure, 
owing  to  similarity  of  name  of  this  company  and  that  of  the  Northern 
Pacific.  Its  corporate  title  is  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific,  and  it  was 
this  company  and  not  the  Northern  Pacific  proper  which  recently  purchased 
the  Chicago  and  Calumet  terminal  road.  Reference  to  the  "Wisconsin  Cen- 
tral lines"  and  -'Northern  Pacific  railroad"  will  show  the  connection  of 
these  several  corporations. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  COMPANY.— The  officers  of  the  Chicago  <fe  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company  are  all  located  in  Chicago  and  are  as  follows : 
D.  S.  Wegg,  president;  H.  S.  Boutell,  secretary  and  general  solicitor;  S.  R. 
Ainslie,  general  manager;  E.  Shea,  auditor;  Henry  S.  Hawley,  general 
agent;  E.  R.  Knowlton,  superintendent;  J.  W.  Kendrick,  chief  engineer. 
The  general  offices  are  located  in  the  Grand  Central  depot,  Harrison  st.  and 
Fifth  ave. 

Chicago  &  North-  Western  Eailway.—  The  Chicago  &  North-Western  rail- 
way system,  popularly  known  and  advertised  as  The  North-Western  Line, 
embraces  7,951  miles  of  first-class  railway  traversing  the  great  and  pros- 
perous states  of  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  northern  Michigan,  Iowa,  Minnesota, 
North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Nebraska  and  Wyoming.  In  the  year  1891 


460  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

nearly  1,200  locomotives  and  37,200  cars  were  necessary  to  handle  the  enor- 
mous traffic  originating  at  the  2,000  stations  on  this  great  line.  It  takes 
front  rank  as  one  of  the  leading-  thoroughfares  from  Chicago  to  Council 
Bluffs,  Omaha  and  Sioux  City ;  Chicago  to  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis ;  Chi- 
cago to  Milwaukee  and  Marquette ;  Chicago  to  Ashland  and  Duluth ;  Chicago 
to  Des  Moines  and  Sioux  Falls ;  Chicago  to  Huron  and  Pierre ;  Chicago  to 
principal  cities  in  Nebraska,  eastern  Wyoming  and  the  Black  Hills.  It 
reaches  Madison,  the  capital  of  Wisconsin;  St.  Paul,  the  capital  of  Minne- 
sota; Des  Moines,  the  capital  of  Iowa;  Lincoln,  the  capital  of  Nebraska; 
Pierre,  the  capital  of  South  Dakota.  It  runs  solid  vestibuled  trains  of  ele- 
gant coaches,  free  reclining-chair  cars  and  palace  sleeping  and  dining  cars 
between  Chicago  and  Denver  and  Chicago  and  Portland,  Oreg.,  without 
change,  with  through  sleeping  cars  to  San  Francisco,  in  addition  to  run- 
ning trains  from  Chicago  to  nearly  every  leading  city  in  the  states  above 
named.  More  than  1,000  conductors  are  employed  to  look  after  the  comfort 
of  the  millions  of  passengers  that  travel  yearly  by  the  Northwestern  Line. 
Its  lines  traverse  an  empire  of  inexhaustible  resources,  and  the  territory  pro- 
duces yearly  millions  of  tons  of  corn,  wheat,  oats,  lumber,  iron  ore,  pig  iron, 
gold,  silver,  lead,  copper,  cattle,  horses,  pigs,  poultry,  fish,  broom  corn,  flax, 
beer,  packed  pork  and  beef,  fresh  meats,  besides  innumerable  other  prod- 
ucts in  like  abundance.  The  surface  of  the  territory  it  traverses  presents 
nearly  every  feature  known  to  the  descriptive  writer:  prairie,  mountain, 
farmland,  woodland,  mining-camps,  etc.,  and  it  can  show  beautiful  rivers 
and  lakes  and  other  charms  of  rural  scenery  not  surpassed  in  any  country 
in  the  world.  It  was  the  pioneer  railroad  westward  from  Chicago,  and  its 
history  furnishes  the  most  striking  illustration  of  rapid  growth  and  devel- 
opment. From  the  Galena  <fe  Chicago  Union  railway,  consisting  of  forty- 
two  miles,  over  which  trains  were  first  run  in  1850,  has  grown  what  is  now 
known  as  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  railway  system,  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  in  the  world.  It  runs  Pullman  and  Wagner  vestibuled  sleepers 
on  all  its  through  trains.  It  runs  its  own  unequaled  dining  cars  on  all 
principal  trains.  Its  road-bed  is  a  standard  of  excellence,  its  bridges  are 
of  steel  unsurpassed  by  those  of  any  railroad  in  the  world.  Its  trains  con- 
nect with  all  of  the  roads  east  of  Chicago  and  beyond  its  own  terminals. 
Ticket  agents  everywhere  sell  tickets  via  the  Chicago  <fe  Northwestern  rail- 
way, and  its  own  agencies  can  generally  be  found  in  the  most  important 
cities  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  coast.  More  than  165  trains  arrive 
and  depart  from  its  great  central  passenger  station  in  Chicago  daily,  its 
enormous  passenger  traffic  requiring  a  separate  passenger  station,  which 
is  conveniently  located  at  the  corner  of  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts. 

GENERAL  OFFICES.— The  general  offices  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railway  Company  occupy  a  complete  building,  and  are  located  at  22  Fifth 
ave.,  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Fifth  ave.  and  Lake  St.,  about  three  blocks 
south  of  the  Central  passenger  station. 

PASSENGER  STATION.— The  Central  passenger  station  of  the  Chicago  «fe 
Northwestern  railway  in  Chicago,  is  located  at  the  corner  of  Wells  and 
Kinzie  sts.  It  is  a  new  and  magnificent  structure,  where  every  accommo- 
dation is  provided  for  the  traveling  public. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT.-  As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  of  this  system  more  particularly,  it  is  suggested 
that  with  reference  to  arrangements  for  special  cars,  special  trains,  the 
accommodation  of  large  parties,  or  the  making  of  special  plans  for  toursists 
he  call  upon  or  communicate  with  Mr.  W.  A.  Thrall,  general  passenger  and 
ticket  agent;  or  Mr.  W.  B.  Kniskern,  assistant  general  passenger  and  ticket 
agent,  general  offices,  22  Fifth  ave.,  Chicago. 

POINTS  ON  THE  SYSTEM.— In  general,  the  visitor  will  take  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railway  for  ail  points  in  northern  and  western  Illinois,  Iowa, 
Nebraska,  northern  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  South 
Dakota,  Montana,  Idaho,  Wyoming,  Colorado,  Utah,  Nevada,  Oregon,Wash- 
ington  and  California.  Frequent  trains  depart  for  Milwaukee  (85  miles), 
the  beautiful  metropolis  of  Wisconsin ;  for  Waukesha  (102  miles),  the  great 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  461 

northern  health  and  summer  resort;  for  St.  Paul  (409  miles)  and 
Minneapolis  (420  miles),  the  twin  wonders  of  Minnesota;  for  Council 
Bluffs  (488  miles);  for  Omaha  (493  miles),  the  most  remarkable 
cities  of  the  Missouri  Valley;  for  Denver  (1,062  miles),  the  great 
central  depot  of  the  Colorado  mining  country,  and  one  of  the  best  built  cities 
on  the  globe.  Take  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  railway  for  Sioux  City, 
Sioux  Falls,  Pierre,  Deadwood,  in  the  Black  Hills  mining  country,  and  all 
points  in  the  great  wheat  belt  of  the  Dakotas ;  also  for  Cheyenne  and  Salt 
Lake  City;  also  for  Portland,  Tacoma,  Seattle  and  all  points  on  Puget 
Sound.  Take  this  line  for  Sacramento,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  San 
Diego  and  all  points  in  the  great  fruit-growing  and  wine-producing  districts 
of  California.  In  whatever  direction  you  may  travel  over  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  railway,  you  will  be  carried  through  the  most  beautiful 
country  in  the  United  States,  through  towns  and  prosperous  cities,  and  the 
fast  train  and  excellent  through  car  service  afforded  by  the  company  are 
such  that  the  usual  fatigues  of  traveling,  as  well  as  the  annoyances  and 
dangers,  are  reduced  to  a  minimum.  The  points  of  interest  near  Chicago, 
reached  by  this  line,  are  referred  to  under  the  head  of  "Outlying  Chicago." 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS.— The  principal  officers  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  Railway  Company  are:  Marvin  Hughitt,  president;  M.  L.  Sykes, 
vice-president,  treasurer  and  secretary;  M.  M.  Kirkman,  second  vice- 
president;  William  H.  Newman,  third  vice-president;  S.  O.  Howe,  assistant 
secretary;  W.  H.  Stennett,  auditor  of  expenditures;  John  W.  Whitman, 
general  manager;  Sherburne  Sanborn,  general  superintendent;  John  E. 
Blunt,  chief  engineer;  William  C.  Goudy,  general  counsel;  C.  S.  Darrow, 
attorney;  H.  R.  McCulloch,  general  freight  agent;  William  A.  Thrall,  gen- 
eral passenger  and  ticket  agent;  Charles  Hay  ward,  purchasing  agent; 
Charles  E.  Simmons,  land  commissioner;  Frank  P.  Crandon,  tax  commis- 
sioner; William  Smith,  superintendent  motive  power  and  machinery. 

SUMMER  RESORTS. — Some  of  the  most  charming  summer  resorts  on  the 
continent  are  situated  on  the  lines  of  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  railway. 
Nearly  all  are  easily  accessible  to  visitors.  The  company  runs  trains  for 
the  special  accommodation  of  those  who  wish  to  visit  these  places.  Among 
the  great  health  and  pleasure  resorts  are :  Waukesha,  Beloit,  Janesville, 
Madison,  Fox  Lake,  Lake  Geneva,  William's  Bay,  Fond  du  Lac,  Green 
Lake,  Oshkosh,  Neenah,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  Lake  Minnetonka,  Duluth, 
and  Dakota  Hot  Springs.  In  the  vicinity  of  these  places  are  to  be 
found  all  that  the  huntsmen  or  fishermen  could  desire  in  the  way  of  sport, 
and  frequent  trains  with  fast  schedules  and  elegant  equipment  make  the 
accommodations  all  that  can  be  wished  for.  Yellowstone  Park  and  Colo- 
rado and  California  tourist  resorts,  as  well  as  all  others  of  the  great  West  and 
Northwest,  are  also  most  expeditiously  and  comfortably  reached  by  the 
North-Western  line. 

TICKET  OFFICE.— The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago*  North-Western 
railway  is  located  at  206  and  208  Clark  St.,  near  the  general  post-office. 

Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <&  St.  Louis  Railway. — This  line  is  famil- 
iarly and  popularly  known  as  the  "Big  Four  Route,"  a  name  which  it 
derives  from  the  fact  that  it  has  for  its  quartette  of  terminals  four  of  the 
largest  cities  in  the  West — Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati  and  Cleveland.  It 
forms  a  part  of  the  great  Vanderbilt  system  of  railways.  The  line  from 
Cleveland  to  Cincinnati  and  St.  Louis  was  for  many  years  known  as  "The 
Bee  Line,"  and  the  line  from  Chicago  to  Cincinnati  was  known  as  the  "Big 
IJpur."  The  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Railway  Com- 
pany, which  may  be  called  the  parent  line,  was  one  of  the  earliest  railroads 
projected  or  built  in  Ohio,  being  incorporated  March  14,  1846. 

STATIONS.— The  Central  station  of  the  Big  Four  system  is  located  at  the 
foot  of  Lake  and  Randoph  sts.  The  other  important  stations  in  Chicago  are 
at  Van  Biiren  st.  opposite  the  Auditorium,  Twenty-second  St.,  Thirty-ninth 
st.  and  at  the  World's  Fair  grounds.  [See  "Illinois  Central  Railroad  Depot."] 

GENERAL  PASSENGER  AGENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do 
with  the  passenger  department  of  this  line  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that 


462  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

regarding  all  matters  connected  with  accommodation  of  an  extraordinary 
character,  such  as  the  engagement  of  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  mak- 
ing provision  for  large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  etc.,  he 
communicate  with,  or  call  upon,  Mr.  D.  B.  Martin,  general  passenger  and 
ticket  agent  of  the  company,  Cincinnati,  O. 

TICKET  OFFICE.— The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Big  Four  system  is 
located  in  Grand  Pacific  hotel  bldg. 

Erie  Lines. — The  main  stem  of  the  Erie  railway  system  is  one  of  the 
most  important  lines  of  communication  between  the  Atlantic  seaboard  and 
the  great  lakes.  The  system  embraces  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western 
railroad,  1,029. 10 miles;  the  New  York,  Pennsylvania  &  Ohio  railroad.  576.82 
miles;  the  Chicago*  Erie  railroad,  269.80 miles;  the  Buffalo  &  Southwestern 
railroad,  66.36  miles ;  the  Tioga  railroad,  64.73  miles ;  and  the  New  York,  Lake 
Erie  &  Western  coal  and  railroad,  51.54  miles;  total  2,056.35  miles. 

CHICAGO  CONNECTION.— The  Chicago  connection  of  the  Erie  Lines,  is  the 
Chicago  &Erie  railroad  (late  Chicago  &  Atlantic).  All  passenger  trains  are 
run  through  without  change  from  Chicago  to  the  principal  points  covered 
by  the  Erie  system. 

DEPOT.— All  trains  of  the  Erie  Lines  (Chicago  &  Erie  railroad)  arrive  at 
and  depart  from  the  magnificent  passenger  depot  known  as  Dearborn  Sta- 
tion, foot  of  Dearborn  st.,  Cor.  of  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave.  Take  State  st. 
cable  cars. 

EQUIPMENT,  ETC.— The  Erie  Lines  are  equipped  completely  in  the  most 
modern  fashion.  Their  trains  are  among  the  finest  leaving  New  York  or 
Chicago. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT.— As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with  the 
passenger  department  of  this  railroad  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that  with 
reference  to  arrangements  for  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  accommoda- 
tion of  large  parties,  or  the  mapping  out  of  special  routes  or  tours,  he  will 
call  upon  or  communicate  with  Mr.  D.  I.  Roberts,  general  passenger  agent, 
New  York  City,  or  with  Mr.  F.  W.  Buskirk,  assistant  general  passenger 
agent,  Phenix  bldg.,  Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED.— In  general,  the  visitor  will  take  the  Erie  Lines  for  all 
points  in  the  East. 

TICKET  OFFICE.— The  ticket  office  of  the  Erie  Lines  (Chicago  &  Erie  rail- 
road) is  located  at  242  South  Clark  St.,  Grand  Pacific  Hotel  bldg.,  in  the 
business  center. 

Grand  Trunk  Railway. — This  is  one  of  the  greatest  railroad  systems  on 
the  continent.  Its  lines  are  chiefly  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada.'but  through 
its  affiliations  and  connections  with  lines  operating  in  the  United  States,  the 
visitor  taking  the  Grand  Trunk,  either  coming  west  or  going  east,  may 
reach  any  point  in  the  northern  tier  of  States,  and  every  point  of  interest  or 
importance  in  Canada.  The  immediate  affiliations  of  the  Grand  Trunk  in 
the  United  States  are :  The  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk,  and  the  Detroit,  Grand 
Haven  <fe Milwaukee;  Michigan  Air  Line;  Cincinnati,  Saginaw  &  Mackinaw; 
Toledo,  Saginaw  &  Muskegon,  These  lines  are  under  the  control  of  the 
Grand  Trunk  but  operated  independently. 

CHICAGO  CONNECTION. — The  Chicago  connection  of  the  Grand  Trunk  is 
the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  [See  "  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way."] The  depot  of  the  latter  company  is  known  as  Dearborn  Station,  and 
is  located  at  the  foot  of  Dearborn  st.,  Cor.  Polk  st.  and  Third  ave. 

POINTS  REACHED.— Travelers  to  or  from  Chicago  will  take  the  Grand 
Trunk  railway  for  all  points  of  interest  or  importance  in  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  east  of  Lake  Huron  and  the  Detroit  river.  European  visitors  will 
find  it  a  delightful  trip  to  come  to  Chicago  by  way  of  Quebec,  Montreal, 
Toronto,  Niagara  Falls,  etc.  Tickets  may  be  purchased  at  any  of  the  east- 
ern cities  for  transportation  in  this  direction.  The  Grand  Trunk  enters 
Chicago  via  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  All  principal  points  in 
Michigan  may  be  reached  by  this  line,  and  at  Chicago  connection  may  be 


GENERAL  INFORMATICS.  463 

made  with  roads  for  all  parts  of  the  West,  Northwest,  South  and  Southwest. 
Going  east  take  the  Grand  Trunk  via  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk,  for  Nia- 
gara Falls,  the  Thousand  Islands  and  all  points  of  interest  on  the  St.  Law- 
rence, as  well  as  in  the  northeastern  portion  of  the  United  States,  Nova 
Scotia,  etc.  Information  concerning  routes,  etc.,  may  be  had  on  applying 
at  the  ticket  office  of  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  railway,  103  Clark  St., 
Chicago,  where,  also,  printed  matter,  maps,  time  tables,  etc.,  may  be  had  free 
on  application.  [See  "  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railway."] 

Illinois  Central  fiailroad.—The  great  and  only  rail  artery  connecting 
Lake  Michigan  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  one  of  the  principal  and  one  of  the 
best  managed  railroads  in  the  United  States.  The  main  surface  steam  rail 
route  to  Jackson  Park  (site  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition).  This 
road  enjoys  the  distinction  of  carrying  more  suburban  passengers  than 
any  other  in  the  country.  The  history  of  the  Illinois  Central  is  identical 
with  that  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  to  the  prosperity  of  whose  people  it  has 
contributed  in  a  very  large  measure.  The  charter  under  which  the  corpora- 
tion was  organized  exempts  the  company's  property  from  taxation  in  this 
state,  but  requires  a  payment  to  tlie  state,  in  lieu  thereof,  of  7  per  cent 
of  the  gross  receipts  cf  the  original  railroad,  705.53  miles  in  length,  or  the 
lines  from  Chicago  to  Cairo  (364.90  miles),  and  from  Centralia,  Illinois,  to 
Dubuque,  Iowa  (340.63  m  ties).  The  vast  amount  of  money  which  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad  Company  has  turned  into  the  state  treasury  very 
materially  assisted  the  latter  in  liquidating  the  indebtedness  contracted 
during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  and  in  meeting  the  regular  annual 
expenditures  of  the  commonwealth  for  educational,  charitable  and  other 
purposes.  The  Governor  of  the  State  of  Illinois  is,  ex  officio,  one  of  its 
directors. 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  PASSENGER  STATION. — Location,  Lake  Front,  south  of 
Lake  Park.  The  station  stands  on  Park  Row  near  the  foot  of  Twelfth  st. 
The  building  is  strictly  fire-proof.  The  exterior  design  is  massive  yet 
Romanesque,  the  main  archway  being  36  feet  in  width.  The  first  stories  of 
the  building  are  devoted  entirely  to  public  service  in  connection  with  rail- 
road traffic.  Special  provision  is  made  for  the  accommodation  of  suburban 
traffic,  and  ingress  and  egress  can  be  had  from  the  platforms  and  special 
waiting  rooms  without  the  necessity  of  entering  the  main  station  building. 
Carriages  drive  from  Park  Row  into  a  large  covered  court  devoted  to  this 
purpose.  The  passenger  entrances  are  exceedingly  generous,  the  short 
flight  of  steps  being  20  feet  in  width.  The  principal  ticket  office  is  located 
on  the  street  level.  Provision  is  made  for  passengers  to  check  their  bag- 
gage and  by  means  of  subways  reach  the  train  platforms  without  the 
necessity  of  going  upstairs  into  the  waiting  rooms  which  are  located  in  the 
portion  of  the  building  over  and  above  the  tracks  and  offering  an  addition 
to  the  office  building  a  structure  of  about  150  feet  square  devoted  entirely 
to  pxiblic  service.  Private  waiting  rooms  for  ladies  and  smoking  room  for 
gentlemen,  large  and  generous  restaurant  accommodations,  and  infactall 
conveniences  that  could  in  any  way  add  to  the  comfort  of  the  general  pub- 
lic, have  been  provided.  The  rotunda  or  general  waiting  room  is  100  feet  in 
width  by  150  feet  in  length  with  a  large  circular  domed  roof.  It  is  the  largest 
railroad  waiting  room  in  this  city.  Wide  stairways  are  provided  from  this 
room  connecting  with  all  passenger  platforms,  and  to  avoid  the  necessity 
of  incoming  passengers  having  to  pass  through  this  waiting  room,  provis- 
ion is  made  by  well  lighted  and  generous  subways  carried  under  the  tracks, 
so  that  access  can  be  had  to  both  Twelfth  st.  and  Park  Row  and  also  the  cov- 
ered carriage  court.  The  first  three  stories  on  the  Park  Row  front  are  con- 
structed of  dark  speckled  granite  while  the  stories  above  are  finished  with 
buff  speckled  brick.  The  roofs  are  covered  with  glazed  Spanish  tile.  The 
tower  forms  one  of  the  most  prominent  features  of  the  building  not  only  as 
concerns  its  utility  and  adaptation  as  a  clock  tower,  but  also  from  the  fact 
that  the  interior  is  arranged  for  fire-proof  storage  vaults  for  which  purpose 
it  is  especially  fitted.  A  train  shed  600  feet  in  length  by  about  136  feet  in 
width  is  connected  just  south  of  the  station,  A  novel  feature  of  the  station 
building  is  a  loggia  or  waiting  room  for  the  convenience  of  persons  having 


464  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

business  with  the  railroad  officials.  A  clerk  in  this  room  attends  to  the 
inquiries  of  strangers  by  means  of  pneumatic  tubes  connected  with  all  the 
offices  above,  so  that  without  the  usual  delays  the  transaction  of  ordinary 
business  can  be  greatly  facilitated.  The  cost  of  the  building  was  about 
$1,000,000.  Other  stations  are  provided  at  intervals  of  about  four  blocks 
along  the  line  within  the  city  limits. 

ENTRANCE  TO  CHICAGO.— The  entrance  of  the  Illinois  Central  railroad 
into  Chicago  is  the  finest,  perhaps,  in  the  world.  The  road  winds  around 
the  horseshoe  curve  of  the  southern  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  affording  a 
magnificent  view  of  the  great  lake.  There  are  six  tracks,  two  for  incoming 
and  outgoing  suburban  trains,  two  for  incoming  and  outgoing  through 
passenger  trains,  and  two  for  incoming  and  outgoing  freight  (or  goods) 
trains.  The  terminal  facilities  of  the  road  are  such  as  to  make  it  almost 
impossible  that  blockades  or  accidents  should  result,  even  when  all  of  the 
six  tracks  and  numerous  sidings  are  occupied  by  moving  trains. 

EQUIPMENT. — The  Illinois  Central  railroad,  including  all  its  branches  and 
leased  lines,  is  equipped  in  the  most  modern  manner.  Its  passenger  cars 
are  all  first-class,  and  some  of  the  finest  coaches  in  the  country  are  run  on 
its  main  lines.  Parlor  and  sleeping  cars  accompany  all  its  express  trains. 
Many  of  these  are  furnished  luxuriously,  and  every  effort  is  made  to  insure 
at  once  the  safety  and  comfort  of  patrons. 

GENERAL  PASSENGER  AGENT.— As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do 
with  the  passenger  department  of  this  line  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that 
regarding  all  matters  connected  with  accommodation  of  an  extraordinary 
character,  such  as  the  engagement  of  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  mak- 
ing provision  for  large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  etc.,  he 
communicate  with  or  call  upon  Mr.  A.  H.  Hanson,  general  passenger 
agent,  at  the  general  offices  of  the  company. 

POINTS  REACHED.— The  visitor  will  take  the  Illinois  Central  railroad  for 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  283  miles  to  the  southwest  of  Chicago,  and  intermediate 
points.  On  this  line  a  number  of  thriving  and  handsome  villages  are  passed. 
Among  them  Kankakee  (56  miles),  where  the  State  Asylum  for  the  insane  is 
located;  Champaign  (128  miles),  one  of  the  most  prosperous  of  the  central 
Illinois  towns;  Mattoon  (172  mils\  a  pretty  village;  Effingham  (198  miles), 
where  the  train  leaves  the  main  line;  and  Vandalia  (232  miles),  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  interesting  towns  in  the  state.  At  St.  Louis  the  train  crosses 
the  great  steel  bridge,  1,600  feet  in  length,  over  the  Mississippi  river.  The 
day  train  leaves  Chicago  at  8:35  A.M.,  arrives  in  St.  Louis  at  7:30  P.M., 
thus  affording  the  visitor  an  opportunity  of  seeing  the  great  Prairie  State, 
with  the  numerous  towns  and  villages  between  Chicago  and  St.  Louis, 
by  daylight.  The  visitor,  if  so  inclined,  may  take  the  night  train,  the 
"Diamond  Special,"  a  most  superbly  equipped  vestibuled  train,  with  the 
finest  of  Pullman's  compartment  sleepers,  leaving  Chicago  daily  at 
9  P.  M.,  arriving  at  St.  Louis  at  7:20  A.  M.  The  day  trains  as  well  as 
the  night  trains  are  luxuriously  fitted  up  for  the  comfort  of  passengers. 
Besides  these  trains  there  are  others  which  make  stops  at  smaller  or  less 
important  points.  The  visitor  will  also  take  the  Illinois  Central  railroad 
for  all  points  in  the  Southwest.  A  train  leaving  here  at  2  P.  M.  will  land  the 
passenger  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  at  7:55  next  morning,  thus  making  the  trip 
from  the  great  "Corn  Belt"  of  the  North  to  the  northern  extremity  of  the 
great  "Cotton  Belt"  of  the  South  in  seventeen  hours  and  fifty-five  minutes. 
At  Memphis  direct  connection  is  made  with  the  Yazoo  &  Mississippi  Valley 
R.  R.,  for  Vicksburg,  Natches,  Baton  Rouge  and  New  Orleans.  The  train 
leaving  Chicago  at  8  P.  M.  arrives  in  New  Orleans  at  8:30  A.  M.  on  the  second 
day,  the  distance  being  915  miles.  The  Chicago  and  New  Orleans  limited, 
leaving  Chicago  at  2  p.  M.,  arrives  in  New  Orleans  at  7:25  p.  M.  the  next  day, 
only  twenty-nine  hours  and  twenty-five  minutes  en  route.  A  fast  mail  and 
express  train  leaves  Chicago  at  2:15  A.  M.,  which  arrives  in  New  Orleans  at 
8:30  the  next  morning.  The  trip  from  Chicago  to  New  Orleans  is  full  of 
interest  to  the  traveler,  who  is  carried  by  numerous  interesting  towns 
and  cities,  and  through  scenery  which  is  as  diversified  as  the  climate 


466  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

becomes  between  the  two  extremes.  At  Cairo  the  train  crosses  the  Illinois 
Central  magnificent  new  steel  bridge  over  the  Ohio  river,  which  cost  about 
$3,000,000.  The  railway  traverses  some  of  the  most  beautiful  sections  of 
the  South;  passing  through  the  states  of  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Mississippi 
and  Louisiana,  and  touching  such  points  as  Memphis,  Grenada,  Jackson 
(the  capital  of  Mississippi),  Brookhaven  and  the  numerous  plantation 
towns  of  the  latter  state.  At  New  Orleans  the  visitor  will  find  passenger 
steamers  leaving  at  frequent  intervals  for  the  Ead's  Jetties  at  the  mouth  oi 
the  Mississippi,  for  points  in  southern  Florida,  for  Havana,  Cuba,  Galves- 
ton,  Vera  Cruz  and  all  points  on  the  Gulf  and  South  American  Atlantic 
coast.  At  New  Orleans,  also,  connections  are  made  with  trains,  over  the 
Southern  Pacific  railway,  wThich  pass  through  Texas,  New  Mexico  and  Cal- 
ifornia. Take  the  Illinois  Central  railroad  also  for  Dubuque,  Iowa  (183 
miles),  and  for  Fort  Dodge  (375  miles),  Sioux  City,  Iowa  (510  miles),  and 
Sioux  Falls  (547  miles).  The  Illinois  Central  railroad  and  its  branches  at 
their  various  terminals  and  in  Chicago  make  connection  with  trains  depart- 
ing for  all  points  in  the  United  States,  Canada  and  Mexico. 

TICKET  OFFICE.— The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Illinois  Central  railroad 
is  located  at  194  S.  Clark  St.,  near  the  general  post  office. 

Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway. — The  history  of  this  magnifi- 
cent trunk  line  is  practically  the  history  of  railroad  construction  in  the 
United  States.  Its  inception  dates  back  to  1833,  the  commencement  of  the 
railroad  building  period  in  this  country,  and  every  rail  that  has  been 
added  in  the  extension  of  the  original  road  since  that  time  has  its  own 
story  to  tell  of  the  westward  and  onward  progress  of  civilization,  the  set- 
tlement of  tha  waste  places,  the  birth  and  growth  of  villages  and  towns, 
the  peopling  of  great  cities  and  the  prosperity  of  half  a  continent.  The 
Lake  Shore  <fe  Michigan  Southern  railway  may  well  be  called  the  great 
east  and  west  artery  of  the  nation,  as  it  has  done  more  toward  infusing 
the  blood  of  life  into  the  immense  stretch  of  territory  that  is  washed  by 
the  great  inland  seas  than  any  other  force  employed  by  man  during  the 
past  century.  The  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway  Company,  as 
it  exists  to-day,  was  organized  in  1869.  The  road  is  part  of  and  one  of  the 
most  important  links  in  the  famous  "  Vanderbilt  system." 

TICKET  OFFICES. — The  city  ticket  office  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railway  Company  in  Chicago  is  located  at  66  Clark  st.  in  the  busi- 
ness center. 

DEPOT.— All  trains  of  the  Lake  Shore  <fe  Michigan  Southern  Railway 
Company  arrive  at  and  depart  from  the  Van  Buren  st.  depot,  Van  Buren 
and  Sherman  sts.,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Board  of  Trade. 

GENERAL  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railway  Company  are  located  as  follows:  Grand  Central  Depot, 
New  York  City;  Cor. St. Clair and  Seneca  sts.,  Cleveland,  Ohio;  Van  Buren 
st.  station,  Van  Buren  and  Sherman  sts.,  Chicago. 

TRAIN  SERVICE.— Via  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  railway  there 
are  six  through  trains  from  Chicago  to  the  east,  with  through  sleepers  to 
New  York  and  Boston.  Afternoon  trains  from  Chicago  reach  New  York, 
Boston  and  New  England  points  the  following  afternoon ;  the  evening  trains 
the  second  morning.  One  of  the  special  features  of  the  service  provided  by 
this  line  is  the  "Chicago  and  New  York  Limited"  which  makes  the  run 
between  these  two  points  in  twenty-five  hours.  The  train  is  equipped  with 
Wagner  perfected  vestibules,  enabling  the^passengers  to  pass  to  and  from 
the  different  cars  without  exposure  or  danger.  Among  the  novel  features 
of  the  train  shoxild  be  mentioned  the  buffet,  library  and  smoking  car,  hand- 
somely furnished  with  easy  chairs,  couches,  etc.,  a  well  stocked  library  of 
standard  works,  also  the  current  literature  of  the  day.  In  this  car  will  also 
be  found  a  bath  room  and  barber  shop.  The  latest  addition  is  the  private 
compartment  car,  the  first  real  innovation  in  sleeping  car  service  in  many 
years,  providing  apartments  single  or  en-suite,  supplied  with  hot  and  cold 
running  water,  closets,  etc.  No  other  line  runs  similar  cars.  The  entire 


468  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

train  is  lighted  by  gas  and  in  the  winter  heated  by  steam.     All  meals  are 
served  in  the  dining  car,  which  is  attached  at  convenient  hours. 

Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railway. — Better  known  as  the  "  Monon 
Route,"  is  the  short  line  between  Chicago  and  Indianapolis,  the  popular 
route  Chicago  to  Cincinnati  or  Louisville  and  all  points  South.  The  train 
known  as  the  "  Velvet "  consists  of  Pullman  perfected  safety  vestibuled 
parlor,  dining,  smoking  and  day  coaches.  It  is  the  dining  car  line 
between  Chicago  and  the  Ohio  river.  The  "Electric"  the  night  train,  Chi- 
cago to  Cincinnati,  is  equipped  with  Pullman's  safety  vestibuled  sleepers 
and  a  compartment  car,  the  latter  innovation  supplying  a  most  attractive 
feature  for  parties  and  families  desiring  to  travel  together. 

EQUIPMENT.— The  equipment  of  all  its  trains  are  supplied  with  every 
modern  design  and  appliance,  its  roadbed  and  bridges  have  been  thoroughly 
reconstructed,  placing  it  in  the  van  and  insuring  speed,  comfort  and  safety 
to  its  patrons.  The  principal  officers  are :  Gen.  Samuel  Thomas,  president, 
New  York;  Wm.  H.  McDoel,  general  manager;  Joseph  H.  Craig,  auditor  and 
purchasing  agent;  R.  M.  Arnold,  general  freight  agent;  James  Barker,  gen- 
eral passenger  agent ;  F.  J.  Reed,  city  passenger  agent,  232  Clark  St.,  Chicago, 
111.  General  offices,  Monon  block,  Chicago. 

DEPOT.— All  trains  leave  Union  depot,  Dearborn  station,  Polk  and  Dear- 
born sts.,  Chicago. 

Michigan  Central  Railroad.— -If  the  Michigan  Central  railroad  were  con 
structed  for  no  other  purpose,  and  accomplished  no  greater  end  than  that  of 
affording  the  world  an  opportunity  of  witnessing  nature's  masterpiece,  the 
Falls  of  Niagara,  as  it  is  revealed  to  travelers  from  the  windows  of  its 
sumptuous  vestibuled  trains,  it  would  not  have  been  built  in  vain.  Hun- 
dreds of  thousands  have  seen  the  mighty  cataract  for  the  first  time  from 
Falls  View  station  on  this  road,  while  the  locomotive  paused  and  panted  in 
the  presence  of  the  magnificent  spectacle,  and  hundreds  of  thousands  will 
so  witness  it  in  the  future,  for  while  it  may  have  been  true  in  the  remote 
past  that  all  roads  led  to  Rome,  it  is  unquestionably  true  in  the  present  that 
but  one  road  leads  directly  to  and  by  Niagara.  The  very  name  of  the  Michi- 
gan Central  has  become  so  closely  identified  with  America's  greatest  natural 
attraction;  that  it  is  difficult  to  separate  one  in  the  mind  from  the  other.  Of 
the  people  who  flock  to  Chicago  from  all  portions  of  the  globe,  a  very  large 
nroportion  of  them  will  be  desirous  of  seeing  Niagara  Falls  before  they 
return  to  their  native  lands.  Whether  coming  from  the  East  or  going  from 
the  West,  they  are  advised  here  to  take  the  Michigan  Central  route.  Niagara 
Falls,  however,  is  not  the  only  point  of  interest  on  the  Michigan  Central,  nor 
is  the  business  of  the  road  limited  to  the  carriage  of  passengers  to  and  from 
that  wonderful  waterfall. 

CENTRAL  DEPOT. — The  Michigan  Central  terminal  station  is  located  at 
the  foot  of  Lake  and  Randolph  sts.,  with  other  stations  at  22d  St.,  39th  st. 
and  Hyde  Park. 

GENERAL  OFFICES.— The  general  offices  of  the  Michigan  Central  are  lo- 
cated as  follows :  Grand  Central  Depot,  New  York  City ;  Central  Station, 
foot  of  Third  st.,  Detroit,  Mich.;  Monadnock  Block,  Cor.  of  Dearborn  and 
Jackson  sts.,  Chicago,  111. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT.— As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  of  the  road  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that,  with 
reference  to  arrangements  for  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  accommoda- 
tion of  large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  etc.,  he  call  upon, 
or  communicate  with,  Mr.  O.  W.  Ruggles,  the  general  passenger  and  ticket 
agent,  428  Monadnock  Block,  Chicago,  111. 

POINTS  ON  THE  ROAD. — Whether  Doming  from  the  East  or  going  from  the 
West,  the  visitor  will  take  the  Michigan  Central  for  Niagara  Falls.  Five 
trains  leave  the  Central  statica  in  the  city  daily  during  the  summer  season, 
for  Niagara  Falls  and  Buffalo,  intermediate  points  and  points  beyond ;  as 
many  leave  Buffalo  coming  West.  During  the  period  of  the  Exposition  the 
number  of  through  and  local  trains  will  be  materially  increased.  These 


GENERAL   INFORMATION. 


469 


trains  pass  through  the  most  interesting  portion  of  Ontario,  the  richest 
province  of  the  Canadian  Dominion,  lying  between  Niagara  and  Detroit,  and 
through  the  most  fertile  and  populous  portions  of  the  State  of  Michigan. 
Take  this  road  for  points  in  Northern  Michigan,  Niles,  Kalamazoo,  Battle 
Creek,  Jackson,  Ann  Arbor  and  Detroit;  for  points  in  Canada:  Windsor. 
Ridgetown,  St.  Thomas,  Waterford,  Hagersville,  Welland,  Niagara-on-the- 
Lake,  etc.  Take  this  i-oad  for  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  where  connection  is  made  with 
the  New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  railroad  (over  which  its  through  cars 
run  to  New  York  and  Boston),  as  well  as  with  all  other  diverging  lines  of 
rail.  Take- this  road  for  all  the  great  health  and  summer  resorts  of  Northern 
Michigan,  including  Mackinac  Island,  a  natural  park,  and  one  of  the  most 
charming  spots  on  the  continent,  where  everything  that  can  add  pleasure 
and  comfort  of  the  tourist,  in  the  way  of  hotel  accommodations,  etc.,  is  to  be 
found;  for  Mount  Clemens  and  St.  Clair  Springs,  whose  baths  have  become 
famous;  for  Lake  Cora,  Ypsilanti,  etc.,  etc.  The  company  will  furnish  time 
tables  and  guide  books  free  on  application  at  its  ticket  office. 

TIME  OP  TRAVEL. — The  time  consumed  in  travel  over  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral between  Chicago  and  principal  Eastern  points  is  shown  in  the  follow- 
ing specimen  table.  The  time  card  is  for  the  North  Shore  limited  train,  No. 
20,  but  calculations  may  be  based  upon  the  time  which  this  train  makes  for 
other  express  trains. 

THE  NORTH  SHORE  LINE,  LIMITED. 


EASTWARD. 

VIA  MICHIGAN  CENTRAL. 

Lv.  Chicago 12:20 p.m. 

"    Chicago,  22nd  st 12 :28  p.m. 

"    Hyde  Park  (stops  on  sig- 
nal)  12:40  p.m. 

Ar.  Detroit 7:25  p.m. 

Lv.  Detroit 7:35  p.m. 

"    St.  Thomas 10:45  p.m. 

Ar.  Buffalo 3 :00  a.m. 

VIA  N.  Y.  CENTRAL  &  HUDSON  RIVER. 

Lv.  Buffalo  (eastern  time) . .  4:10  a.nv 

Ar.  Rochester 5 :50  a.m 

Syracuse 7:50  a.m 

Albany 11:50  a.m 

Hudson (Catskill m'nt'n)  12 :45  p.m 

Poxaghkeepsie 1 :45  p.m 

Garrison  (West  point) . .  2 :28  p.m. 
"    N.  York.  G'nd  Cent.St'n  3:45  p.m 

VIA  BOSTON  &  ALBANY. 

Lv.  Albany 12 :00     m 

Ar.  Springfield 3 :20  p.m, 

"    Worcester 4:55  p.m 

Ar.  Boston 6:05  p.m 


WESTWARD. 
VIA  BOSTON  &  ALBANY. 

Lv.  Boston,  Kneeland  St.St'n 

(Eastern  time) 2 :00  p.m. 

Worcester 3:12 p.m. 

Springfield 4 :44  p.m. 

Ar.  Albany 7:47  p.m. 

VIA  N.  Y.  CENTRAL  &  HUDSON   RIVER. 
Lv.  New  York,  Grand  Central 

Station  (Eastern  time).  4:30  p.m. 

Albany 7 :55  p.m. 

Syracuse 1 1 :35  p.m. 

Ar.  Buffalo 3:15  a.m.. 

VIA  MICHIGAN  CENTRAL. 

Lv.  Buffalo  (Central time)...   2:20  a.m. 

Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y 3:02  a.m. 

St.  Thomas 6:08  a.m. 

Detroit 9:05  a.m. 

Jackson 10 :58  a.m. 

Ar.  Kensington 3 :50  p.m. 

Hyde  Park 4:07  p.m. 

Thirty-ninth  st 4:16  p.m. 

Twenty-second  st 4 :22  p.m. 

Van  Buren  st 

Ar.  Chicago,  foot  Lake  st. 


4:27  p.m. 
4:30  p.m. 


Special  tickets  and  Wagner  Palace  Car  Co.'s  tickets  are  required  on  this 
train.  Passengers  for  Niagara  Falls,  however,  will  be  landed  at  their  des- 
tination at  a  more  seasonable  hour  by  taking  a  later  afternoon  train  or  a 
night  train  from  Chicago.  The  North  Shore  limited  train,  No.  19,  westbound, 
leaves  Boston  2  P.  M.  daily  and  New  York  4 :30  p.  M.,  arriving  Chicago  4 :30  P.M. 
next  day.  Other  trains  leave  the  Grand  Central  station,  New  York,  in  the 
morning,  afternoon  and  at  night,  make  the  run  to  Chicago  in  twenty-six, 
twenty-seven,  twenty-eight  and  thirty  hours.  Through  trains  leaving  Chi- 
cago, in  the  morning,  at  noon,  in  the  afternoon  and  at  night,  make  the  run 
eastward  to  New  York  and  Boston  in  about  the  same  time  as  the  west 
bound  trains  Numerous  additional  trains  will -be  run  in  both  directions  dur- 


470  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

ing  the  continuance  of  the  World's  Fair.  At  Detroit  and  St.  Thomas,  con- 
nection is  made  for  Toronto,  Ottawa,  Montreal,  Quebec  and  other  Canadian 
points.  At  Suspension  Bridge  and  Niagara  Falls  connection  is  made  with 
theR.,  W.  &  O.  railroad  for  the  Thousand  Islands  and  the  St.  Lawrence.  At 
Suspension  Bridge  and  at  Buffalo  connection  is  made  with  the  great  four- 
track  New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  railroad  for  points  East;  and  at 
Buffalo  also  with  numerous  other  rail  lines  diverging  in  every  direction. 
At  Herkimer  connection  is  made  with  the  new  line  traversing  the  great 
Adirondack  mountain  and  lake  region  of  northern  New  York.  At  Schenectady 
and  Albany,  connection  is  made  for  Saratoga  Springs,  Lake  George  and 
Adirondack  mountain  resorts.  At  Springfield,  Mass.,  with  Connecticut  River 
for  points  north  and  with  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.  for  points  south.  At  Worcester, 
with  Providence  and  Newport  and  the  southern  New  England  coast,  and  the 
White  Mountains  to  the  north. 

•  TICKET  OFFICE. — The  city  ticket  office  of  the  Michigan  Central  railroad  is 
located  at  67  Clark  St.,  S.  E.  Cor.  of  Randolph  St.,  opposite  the  Court  House 
in  the  business  center  of  the  city. 

Northern  Pacific  Railroad.— Chicago  is  now  practically  the  eastern  ter- 
minus of  the  great  system  of  railroads  owned,  controlled  and  operated  by 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company.  Through  trans-continental  trains, 
passenger  and  freight,  arrive  and  depart  from  the  Grand  Central  depot  in 
this  city.  The  contract  entered  into  on  April  1,  1890,  between  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Lines  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  whereby  the  lat- 
ter obtained  a  lease  of  all  the  lines  of  railroad  owned  and  controlled  by  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Companies,  between  the  cities  of  Chicago  and  St.Paul  and 
Ashland,  including  the  lines  of  railroad,  real  estate  and  terminal  facilities  of 
the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  gave  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company  a  complete  line  from  Chicago  to  St.  Paul  and 
Duluth  (its  former  termini),  and  at  the  same  time  gave  to  Chicago  complete 
and  uninterrupted  connection  with  all  points  covered  by  the  trans-con- 
tinental system.  [See  "Wisconsin  Central  Lines."]  The  importance  of  this 
consolidation  of  interests  is  well  understood  and  fully  appreciated  in  Chi- 
cago. The  Northern  Pacific  is  one  of  the  most  perfectly  managed  rail- 
road properties  on  the  continent;  it  penetrates  a  country  rich  in  natural 
resources;  it  is  developing  a  territory  that  will  be  populated  by  millions  of 
sturdy  and  prosperous  people  in  the  near  future,  and  the  advantage  to  be 
derived  by  Chicago  from  unbroken  communication  and  direct  commercial 
intercourse  with  these  people  can  hardly  be  over-estimated. 

DEPOT.— All  trains  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  arrive  at  and  depart 
from  the  Grand  Central  depot,  Harrison  st.  and  Fifth  ave.  [See  "Wisconsin 
Central  Lines,"  also  see  illustration.] 

EQUIPMENT,  ETC.— The  equipment  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  is 
most  extensive  and  complete,  and  is  unexcelled  by  that  of  any  other  rail- 
road in  existence.  Travelers  over  this  magnificent  system  are  assured 
here  that  every  comfort  and  safeguard  known  in  modern  railroading  is 
provided  for  them.  The  through  trains  leaving  Chicago  and  St.  Paul  are 
superb  in  their  make-up,  are  vestibuled,  and  consist  of  Pullman  first-class 
and  tourist  sleepers,  dining  room  and  buffet  cars,  and  first  and  second-class 
passenger  coaches, 

GENERAL,  OFFICES. — The  general  offices  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad 
Company  are  located  at  35  Wall  st..  New  York  City,  and  at  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
The  system  is  operated  from  the  St.  Paul  offices. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT.— Those  desiring  information  as  to  tickets, 
passenger  rates,  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  accommodation  of 
large  parties,  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  etc.,  should  call  upon  or 
communicate  With  Mr.  Charles  S.  Fee,  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent, 
general  offices  Northern  Pacific  Railway  Company,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

POINTS  REACHED.— In  general,  the  visitor  will  take  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad  for  all  points  on  the  line  of  the  Wisconsin  Central  railroad  between 
Chicago  and  St.  Paul,  and  for  all  points  in  the  western  and  northwestern 
portions  of  the  United  States.  The  road  either  reaches  direct  or  by  connec- 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  471 

tion,  every  point  of  interest  or  importance  in  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  North 
and  South  Dakota,  Montana,  Idaho,  Oregon,  Washington,  Nevada,  Cali- 
fornia and  British  Columbia.  It  is  the  most  direct  route  to  the  wonderful 
Puget  Sound  country,and  takes  in  the  prosperous  cities  of  Portland,  Tacoma, 
Seattle  and  Victoria.  On  the  road,  the  traveler  may  stop  off  at  Helena,  Mon- 
tana's business  and  banking  center;  Butte,  the  greatest  mining  town  in 
the  world;  Spokane,  the  magnificent  city  of  eastern  Washington,  where  he 


The  Northern  Pacific  penetrates  the  famous  Coeur  d'Alene  mining  coun- 
try, the  wonderful  forests  of  Oregon  and  Washington,  and  the  beautiful 
agricultural  country  lying  between  the  western  slope  of  the  Rockies 
and  Puget  Sound.  West  of  Helena,  the  road  winds  around  the  peaks  and 
crosses  the  grand  "divide"  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  where  scenery  may 
be  witnessed  as  rugged  and  picturesque  as  any  on  the  continent.  Take  the 
Northern  Pacific  for  the  following  principal  towns  in  Minnesota,  Dakota, 
Manitoba,  Montana,  Washington  and  British  Columbia.  St.  Paul,  Minneapo- 
lis, Little  Falls,  Duluth,  West  Superior,  Brainerd,  Wadena,  Winnipeg  Junc- 
tion, Glyndon,  Moorhead,  Fargo,  Grand  Forks,  Pembina,  Winnipeg,  Cassel- 
ton,  Valley  City,  Jamestown,  Bismarck,  Mandan,  Helena,  Butte,  Garrison, 
Missoula,  Hope,  Spokane  Falls,  Sprague,  Pasco  Junction,  Wallula  Junction, 
Tacoma,  Seattle,  Portland,  Victoria  and  Vancouver.  The  following  is  the 
westward  train  service  of  this  railroad : 

TRAIN  SERVICE.— The  "Pacific  Mail"  leaves  Chicago  at  10:45  p.  m. 
daily;  St.  Paul  at  4:15  p.  m.;  Minneapolis,  4:55  p.  m.  Vestibuled  Pull- 
man palace  sleeping  cars,  Chicago  to  Portland,  via  both  Wisconsin  Cen- 
tral lines  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railway,  Chicago  to 
St.  Paul;  vestibuled  Pullman  palace  sleeping  car,  St.  Paul  to  Port- 
land ;  Pullman  tourist  sleeping  car,  Chicago  to  Portland,  via  the 
Wisconsin  Central;  vestibuled  dining  car,  St.  Paul  to  Portland;  free 
colonist  sleeping  cars,  St.  Paul  to  Portland;  Pullman  tourist  sleeping 
car,  St.  Paul  to  Portland ;  Pullman  palace  sleeping  car,  Seattle  and  Tacoma 
to  Portland;  first  and  second-class  coaches,  St.  Paul  to  Portland.  The 
Pullman  palace  sleeping  cars,  via  Wisconsin  Central  lines,  run  through 
Helena;  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  through  Butte.  "The  Minnesota 
and  Dakota  Day  Express"  leaves  Chicago  at  5:00  P.M.  daily;  St.  Paul,  9:00 
A.  M.,  daily  except  Sunday;  Minnneapolis  9:35  A.M.,  via  Staples.  First  and 
second-class  day  coaches,  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis  to  Staples,  Glyndon, 
Moorhead,  Fargo  and  Jamestown.  "The  Minnesota  and  Dakota  Night 
Express"  leaves  St.  Paul  at  8:00  P.M.;  Minneapolis,  8:35  p.  M.,  daily;  Pull- 
man palace  sleeping  car,  St.  Paul  to  Glyndon,  Moorhead  and  Fargo;  Pull- 
man palace  sleeping  car,  Duluth  to  Glyndon,  Moorhead  and  Fargo;  Pullmau 
palace  sleeping  car,  St.  Paul  to  Fergus  Falls  and  Wahpeton;  Pullman  pal- 
ace sleeping  car,  St.  Paul  to  Grand  Forks,  Grafton  and  Winnipeg.  Dining 
car,  Winnipeg  Junction  to  Winnipeg;  first  and  second-class  coaches,  St. 
Paul  to  Fergus  Falls,  Wahpeton,  Grand  Forks,  Grafton,  Winnipeg,  Glyn- 
don, Moorhead,  Fargo,  Casselton,  Jamestown  and  intermediate  points. 
"The  Dakota  Express"  leaves  Duluth  at  4:00  P.  M.,  daily;  Pullman  palace 
sleeping  car,  Duluth  and  West  Superior  to  Fargo  and  Moorhead;  first  and 
second-class  day  coaches,  Duluth  to  Staples.  This  train  connects  with  No. 
7  at  Staples.  "  The  Pacific  Mail  "  leaves  Duluth  at  3 :30  P.  M.,  daily ;  first  and 
second-class  day  coaches,  Duluth  and  West  Superior  to  Brainerd  and  Sta- 
ples. This  train  connects  at  Staples  with  train  No.  1  "Pacific  Mail."  A 
train  on  the  Wisconsin  division  leaves  Ashland  at  8:30  A.  M.,  daily,  arriving 
at  Duluth  at  11 :35  A.  M.  Through  Pullman  palace  sleeping  cars  and  first  and 
second-class  day  coaches,  Chicago  to  Duluth,  via  Wisconsin  Central  lines, 
Chicago  to  Ashland. 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS.— The  principal  officers  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad  Company  are:  Henry  Villard,  chairman  of  the  board,  New  York; 
T.  F.  Oakes,  president,  New  York;  J.  B.Williams,  vice-president,  New 
York;  C.  H.  Prescott,  second  vice-president,  Tacoma,  Wash.;  Georgfe  S. 
Baxter,  treasurer,  New  York;  G.  H.  Earl,  secretary,  New  York;  N.  C. 
Thrall,  assistant  to  president,  St.  Paul ;  W.  S.  Mellen,  general  manager,  St. 


472  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Paul;  J.  M.  Hannaford,  general  traffic  manager,  St.  Paul;  Wm.  G.  Pearce, 
assistant  general  manager,  St.  Paul;  E.  M.  C.  Kimberly,  general  superin- 
tendent, St.  Paul ;  Charles  S.  Fee,  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent,  St. 
Paul;  A.  L.  Craig,  assistant  ticket  agent,  St.  Paul;  B.  N.  Austin,  assistant 
general  passenger  agent,  St.  Paul;  A.  D.  Charlton,  assistant  general  pas- 
senger agent,  Portland,  Oregon;  S.  L.  Moore,  general  freight  agent,  St. 
Paul. 

TICKET  OFFICE. — The  general  agency  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  is 
located  at  210  Clark  st.,  where  tickets  to  all  points  covered  by  the  system, 
sleeping  berths  and  all  necessary  information  regarding  the  arrival  and 
departure  of  trains,  rates  of  fare,  etc.,  may  be  obtained.  Here,  also, 
printed  matter,  containing  general  information  regarding  the  points  cov- 
ered by  the  system,  time  tables,  etc.,  may  be  had  free  on  application. 

Pennsylvania  Lines. — All  trains  over  the  Pennsylvania  lines  arrive  at 
and  depart  from  Union  Station,  on  Canal  st.,  between  Madison  and  Adams 
sts.  These  lines  are  operated  by  the  Pennsylvania  company,  "Fort  Wayne 
Route,"  and  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railway  Com- 
pany, "Pan  Handle  Route."  The  first  mentioned  route  extends  directly 
east  from  Chicago  to  Pittsburgh,  Baltimore,  Washington,  Philadelphia  and 
New  York,  with  arteries  reaching  to  Toledo,  Cleveland,  Ashtabula,  and 
Erie,  and  is  known  as  the  Northwest  System.  The  "Pan  Handle  Route," 
Southwest  System,  extends  to  Louisville,  through  Indianapolis,  as  well  as 
to  Cincinnati,  Dayton,  Springfield,  Columbus,  Newark,  Zanesville,  Wheeling 
and  Pittsburg.  The  train  service  over  both  systems  is  very  complete. 
Vestibule  trains  run  s_olid  from  Chicago  to  New  York  over  the  "Fort  Wayne 
Route,"  and  vestibule  Pullman  sleeping  and  parlor  cars  are  in  service  over 
the  "  Pan  Handle  Route"  between  Chicago  and  Indianapolis,  Louisville, 
Cincinnati,  Dayton,  Springfield,  Columbus.  The  New  York  and  Chicago 
Limited,  a  solid  vestibule  train  of  regal  splendor  carrying  such  luxuries 
as  a  stenographer,  barber,  and  waiting  maid  for  ladies  and  children,  and 
equipped  with  dining,  smoking,  sleeping,  library  and  observation  cars, 
departs  from  Chicago  over  the  "  Fort  Wayne  Route  "  daily  at  5  P.  M.  for  the 
East.  This  is  the  train  on  which  stock  reports  are  bulletined.  The  "  Key- 
stone Express"  and  "Columbian  Express"  solid  vestibule  trains  also  run 
over  the  "Fort  Wayne  Route."  The  Pennsylvania  lines  cover  all  princi- 
pal cities  and  towns  of  Indiana,  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania,  and  are  important 
links  in  the  chain  of  rapid  transit  from  Chicago  to  the  East  and  South. 

Southern  Pacific  Railroad  System.— The  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  sys- 
tem forms  a  net-work  of  communicating  lines  throughout  the  Pacific  slope, 
the  great  West  and  the  Southwest.  It  comprises  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad  of  California,  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  of  Arizona,  the  South- 
ern Pacific  railroad  of  New  Mexico,  the  South  Pacific  Coast  railway,  the 
Northern  California  railway,  Morgan's  Louisiana  <fc  Texas  Railroad  and 
steamship  lines;  Galveston,  Harrisburgh  &  San  Antonia railway,  Louisiana 
Western  railroad,  Texas  &  New  Orleans  railroad;  Gulf,  Western  Texas  & 
Pacific  railway;  New  York,  Texas  <fe  Mexican  railway.  These  are  proprie- 
tary lines.  The  leased  lines  of  the  company  comprise  the  Central  Pacific 
railroad,  Oregon  &  California  railroad,  California  Pacific  railroad. 

MILEAGE  OF  THE  LINES. — The  total  mileage  of  the  proprietary  lines  of  the 
company  is  4,332.04;  of  the  local  lines,  2,129.22;  making  in  all  6,461.26  miles 
operated  by  the  company. 

TERKITORY  COVERED. —  The  territory  covered  by  the  proprietary  and 
local  lines-of  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  includes  Washington,  Oregon, 
the  entire  state  of  California,  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Texas,  as  well  as  Ne- 
vada, Utah,  Colorado ;  and,  by  affiliated  lines,  the  states  and  territories  west 
of  the  Mississippi. 

POINTS  REACHED. — For  the  tourist  in  search  of  pleasui'e,  recreation  or 
health,  no  other  system  of  railroads  in  the  world  offers  a  greater  variety  of 
inducements.  California  is  the  land  of  promise  for  thousands  of  tourists 
every  year.  The  question  "  Why  go  to  California?  "  is  frequently  heard. 
To  the  tourist  who  asks  it,  the  most  pointed  and  sensible  answer  is,  because 


474  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

it  will  do  you  a  world  of  good.  Seeking  after  knowledge,  wealth,  health  and 
the  many  other  good  things  of  life,  is  the  spirit  of  this  age,  and  one  of  the 
most  agreeable  means  to  their  attainment  is  travel.  But  all  good  endeavor, 
like  charity,  if  possible,  should  begin  at  home,  It  is  not  the  best  evidence 
of  good  purpose  to  attempt  its  fulfillment  in  far  away  places.  Sir  Launfal 
explored  the  whole  world  in  search  of  the  Holy  Grail,  only  to  return  after  a 
lifetime  of  wasted  endeavor,  broken  in  body  and  spirit,  to  find  it  lying  at 
his  own  threshold.  We  point  the  moral  by  asking,  Why  go  to  Europe  for 
sights  and  delights  and  benefits  that  can  be  as  well  had  in  California,  not 
one  whit  lacking  in  quality,  and  at  less  cost?  Why  go  to  Switzerland  for 
scenery  that  is  surpassed  in  Yosemite,  am1-  equaled  in  many  other  portions  of 
California?  Why  travel  half  around  the  world  to  climb  the  Alps,  when 
the  Sierras  are  just  as  magnificent?  Why  indulge  in  such  extravagant 
praise  of  Lucerne  and  Geneva  without  knowing  the  beauties  of  Tahoe  and 
Clear  lakes,  and  the  weirdness  of  Crator  lake?  Why  spend  a  fortune  and 
risk  life  taking  your  aches  and  ills  to  Carlsbad,  Vichy,  Stachelberg  or  Weis- 
senberg,  when,  so  much  nearer  are  Bartlett  Springs,  Harbin  Springs,  the 
Geysers,  Napa  Soda  Springs,  Paso  Robles  Hot  Springs,  Byron  Hot 
Springs,  and  a  score  more  equally  famous  for  their  cures?  Why  strug- 
gle so  hard  to  scale  Matterhorn  and  Blanc,  when  grand  old  Shasta 
towers  equally  high?  Why  go  to  Italy  for  climate  that  can  be  found 
quite  as  genial  in  California?  Why  boast  so  of  European  caravan- 
saries and  watering  places,  when  Del  Monte  leads  the  world  in  beauty,  ele- 
gance, delightful  hospitality  and  moderate  charges?  Why  exclaim  in  such 
amazement  at  the  engineering  feats  of  Pilatus  at  St.  Gotthard,  when  equally 
difficult  feats  have  been  achieved  over  the  Sierras  and  through  the  Siskiyous 
by  the  Southern  Pacific  Company?  These  significant  questions  have  been 
all  answered  in  the  true  patriotic  way  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Company. 
Know  the  worth,  beauties  and  wonders  of  your  own  country  first. 

THE  THREE  ROUTES. — The  three  routes  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Company 
will  take  you  to  any  deired  locality ;  the  "  Sunset,"  by  way  of  New  Orleans, 
through  Texas,  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  into  the  Southern  portion  of  Cal- 
ifornia. The  "Ogden,"  by  way  of  Ogden,  through  Utah,  Nevada  and  over 
the  Sierra  Nevada;  and  the  "Shasta,"  by  way  of  Portland,  through  Oregon 
and  the  Siskiyou  mountains  into  the  northern  part  of  California.  These 
routes  afford  splendid  opportunities  for  viewing  the  countries  through 
which  they  pass,  and  the  visitor  will  never  regret  having  taken  the  trip. 

INFORMATION. — For  information  of  any  and  every  character  regarding 
the  Southern  Pacific  system,  the  country  it  penetrates;  the  health  resorts 
and  home  opportunities  it  offers;  the  cost  of  travel,  etc.,  etc.,  call  upon  or 
address  the  following  named  officers  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Company: 
W.  G.  Neimyer,  general  western  agent,  204  S.  Clark  st.,  Chicago  111;  E. 
Hawley,  assistant  general  traffic  manager,  343  Broad  way,  New  York,  N.  Y; 
W.  C.  Watson,  general  passenger  agent,  Atlantic  system,  New  Orleans,  La. 
T.  H.  Goodman,  general  passenger  agent,  Pacific  system,  San  Francisco, 
California. 

Union  Pacific  System. — The  title  which  this  great  transcontinental  high- 
way bears  is  not  sufficient  to  convey  an  adequate  idea  of  its  real  importance 
to  the  visitor.  It  is  not  merely  a  railroad  but  an  immense  system  of  great 
railroads  which  penetrate,  develop  and  serve  almost  the  entire  section  of  the 
United  States  lying  west  of  the  Missouri  river.  Originally  a  single  track  line 
from  Omaha,  Neb.,  to  Ogden,  Utah,  merely  a  feeder  forthe  Central  (now  the 
"Southern")  Pacific  railroad,  with  no  outlet  to  the  Pacific  ocean,  no  feeders 
of  its  own,  and  dependent  almost  entirely  for  its  revenue  upon  through  traf- 
fic between  Omaha  and  Ogden,  it  has  grown  to  the  mighty  proportions  of  a 
system  with  its  own  outlet  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  its  own  feeders  branching 
out  in  every  direction  and  covering  every  point  of  importance  in  the  mighty 
West,  and  with  more  business  on  its  hands  constantly  than  with  its  wonder- 
ful facilities  and  most  complete  equipment  it  can  easily  keep  up  with.  The 
Union  Pacific  may  be  numbered  among  the  lines  which  Chicago  claims  as 
her  own,  for,  by  a  contract  arrangement  with  the  Chicago  &  North- Western 
railway,  its  eastern  terminus  is  now  practically  in  this  city.  [See  "Chicago 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  475 

&  North-Western  Railway."]  Through  trains,  freight  and  passenger,  both 
ways,  are  now  run  daily  by  the  Union  Pacific  system  between  Chicago  and 
its  principal  western  terminal  points. 

CONDITION  op  THE  ROAD. — The  number  of  miles  of  track  now  operated  by 
the  Union  Pacific  system  is  9,093.  A  great  part  of  this  track  is  laid  with  the 
heaviest  steel  rails.  The  road-bed  is  maintained  in  the  very  highest  con- 
dition. There  is  no  better  stretch  of  track  in  the  world  than  that  between 
Omaha  and  Ogden.  Wooden  have  long  since  given  place  to  iron  and  steel 
bridges.  Trains  between  Omaha  and  Cheyenne  make  from  sixty  to  seventy 
miles  per  hour  with  entire  safety,  and  without  the  slightest  inconvenience 
to  the  traveler.  The  remarkable  speed  made  by  trains  on  the  Union  Pacific 
System  has  attracted  universal  attention.  Perhaps  nothing  that  could  be 
said  would  speak  more  plainly  or  more  highly  for  the  condition  of  the  Union 
Pacific  tracks  and  the  care  with  which  the  system  is  managed  than  the  fact 
that  the  life  of  a  single  passenger,  out  of  the  millions  carried,  was  not  lost 
during  past  years. 

DEPOT.— All  trains  over  the  Union  Pacific  arrive  at  and  depart  from  the 
Wells  Street  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie  sts.,  North  side.  [See  "Chicago  <fe  North- 
Western  Railway."] 

EQUIPMENT,  ETC.— The  equipment  of  the  Union  Pacific  is  perfect.  Its 
machinery  is  all  modern,  the  greater  part  of  it  is  new  and  it  is  maintained 
at  the  highest  standard. 

GENERAL  OFFICES. — The  chief  executive  and  accounting  offices  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company  are  located  in  the  Equitable  building, 
Boston,  Mass.  The  general  management  of  the  road  is  conducted  from  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company's  building,  Omaha,  Neb. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — -As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  exclu- 
sively with  the  passenger  department  of  the  Union  Pacific,  it  is  suggested 
that  with  reference  to  the  engagement  of  special  cars,  special  trains,  the 
accommodation  of  large  parties,  or  the  mapping  out  of  special  tours,  he 
communicate  with  Mr.  E.  L.  Lomax,  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent, 
Omaha,  Neb. 

POINTS  REACHED.— The  Union  Pacific  railroad  has  practically  four  termi- 
nals on  the  Missouri  river:  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa;  Omaha,  Neb.;  Leaven- 
worth,  Kansas,  and  Kansas  City,  Mo.  Trains  either  run  direct  from  all  these 
cities  to  all  points  west,  southwest  and  northwest,  covered  by  the  system, 
or  make  connection  with  through  trains  westward-bound  from  Omaha  and 
Kansas  City.  The  system  extends  to  and  covers  all  points  of  interest  and 
importance  in  the  states  and  territories  of  Nebraska,  Kansas,  Colorado, 
Wyoming,  Utah,  Idaho,  Montana,  Nevada,  California,  Oregon  and  Wash- 
ington, and  has  direct  connection  with  points  in  British  Columbia  and  the 
Republic  of  Mexico. 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS.— The  principal  officers  of  the  Union  Pacific  system 
are:  S.  H.  H.  Clark,  president  and  general  manager,  Omaha,  Neb.;  E.  F. 
Atkins,  vice-president,  Boston,  Mass. ;  E.  Dickinson,  assistant  general 
manager,  Omaha,  Neb. ;  James  G.  Harris,  treasurer,  Boston,  Mass. ;  Alex- 
ander Millar,  secretary,  Boston,  Mass. ;  J.  A.  Monroe,  freight  traffic  manager, 
Omaha,  Neb. ;  J.  H.  McConnell,  superintendent  of  machinery  and  motive 
power,  Omaha,  Neb. ;  E.  L.  Lomax,  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent, 
Omaha,  Neb.;  J.  N.  Brown,  acting  assistant  general  passenger  and  ticket 
agent,  Omaha,  Neb. 

SCENERY  ON  THE  SYSTEM. — The  scenery  along  the  several  lines  composing 
the  Union  Pacific  system  is  always  interesting;  at  times  it  reaches  the 
point  of  indescribable  grandeur  and  beauty.  Echo  Canon,  Utah,  on  the 
main  stem,  is  incomparable.  The  scenery  around  Denver  and  Colorado 
Springs  is  superb.  Nothing  can  be  more  picturesque  than  the  scenery 
along  the  Columbia  river.  The  tourist  is  more  likely  to  be  surfeited  with 
magnificent  scenery  throughout  his  entire  journey  than  he  is  to  feel  the  want 
of  it.  Mountain  and  valley,  gorge  and  canon,  highland  and  plain,  all  have 
their  own  attractions  for  the  traveler,andthe  sensations  created  in  thebreast 


476  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

of  the  lover  of  nature,  as  he  gazes  from  a  valley  rich  in  sumrrer  verdure, 
upon  mountain  peaks  capped  with  perpetual  snows,  or  from  the  mountain 
top,  rugged  and  barren  where  the  winter  blasts  send  a  chill  through  his 
fi-ame,  on  the  delightful  valleys  which  lie  thousands  of  feet  beneath  him,  can 
hardly  be  expressed  in  words. 

TICKET  OFFICE.— The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Union  Pacific  railroad 
in  Chicago  is  located  at  191  Clark  St.,  near  the  general  Post  Office. 

TRAIN  SERVICE. — The  through  train  and  sleeping  car  service  westward 
from  Council  Bluffs  (Omaha)  and  Kansas  City  is  as  follows:  "The  Pacific 
Express"  leaves  Council  Bluffs,  6:20  P.M.;  Omaha,  6:40  P.M.,  daily.  Day 
coaches  without  change  to  Ogden;  Pullman  palace  sleeping  car,  Council 
Bluffs  to  Cheyenne,  connecting  with  similar  cars  for  Ogden,  Salt  Lake  City, 
San  Francisco  and  Los  Angeles,  Pullman  colonist  sleepers  without  change, 
Council  Bhiffs  to  San  Francisco  and  with  but  one  change  to  Portland. 
"The  Overland  Flyer"  leaves  Council  Bluffs,  2:00  p.  M.,  Omaha,  2:15  p.  M., 
daily.  Through  sleepers,  Chicago  to  Denver,  Portland  and  San  Francisco, 
via  Council  Bluffs,  connecting  at  Green  River  with  similar  cars  for  Butte ; 
through  sleepers,  Council  Bluffs  to  Salt  Lake;  Pullman  dining  cars,  Chicago 
to  Portland  via  Council  Bluffs;  Pullman  colonist  sleepers,  Chicago  to  Port- 
land, via  Council  Bluffs.  "The  Denver  Fast  Mail"  leaves  Council  Bluffs, 
6:15  P.  M.  ;  Omaha,  6:30  P.  M.,  daily.  Solid  train  runs  through  from  Chicago 
to  Denver,  via  Council  Bluffs,  consisting  of  smoker,  day  coaches,  free  reclin- 
ing chair  cars,  palace  sleeping  cars,  and  through  dining  car  service;  day 
coaches  to  Lincoln,  Beatrice  and  intermediate  points.  "  The  Pacific  Express" 
leaves  Kansas  City,  10:45  A.M.,  daily.  Day  coaches,  free  reclining  chair 
cars,  Pullman  sleepers  and  Pullman  dining  cars,  Chicago  to  Denver,  via 
Kansas  City;  Pullman  palace  buffet  sleeping  cars,  without  change,  St.  Louis 
to  Denver  and  Salt  Lake  city,  via  Kansas  City;  Pullman  colonist  sleepers 
without  change  to  Portland,  and  with  but  one  change  to  San  Francisco. 
"  The  Western  Express  "  leaves  Kansas  City,  9 :20  P.  M.,  daily.  Day  coaches 
without  change  to  Denver;  Pullman  palace  sleeping  car  without  change  to 
Denver  and  Cheyenne. 

Wabash  Railroad  Company. — The  St.  Louis  and  Chicago  line  of  this 
system,  286  miles  in  length  has  grown  in  favor  during  recent  years.  It  passes 
through  some  of  the  prettiest  and  most  prosperous  towns  of  Illinois,  includ- 
ing Reddick,  Forrest,  Gibson,  Mansfield,  Decatur,  Taylorville,  Litchfield  and 
Edwardsville.  It  crosses  the  river  at  St.  Louis  over  the  magnificent  steel 
bridge  constructed  by  James  B.  Eads.  The  Wabash  line  is  well  managed, 
handsomely  equipped,  and  has  a  large  patronage  between  Chicago  and  St. 
Louis. 

Wisconsin  Central  Lines.— Although  forming  the  connecting  link  between 
the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  system  and  Chicago,  and  although  operated 
by  the  latter  company  as  lessee,  the  Wisconsin  Central  lines,  familiarly 
but  incorrectly  regarded  by  the  public  as  the  Wisconsin  Central  railroad, 
must  be  referred  to  separately.  In  April,  1890,  a  contract  lease  was  made 
by  and  between  the  Wisconsin  Central  Company,  the  Wisconsin  Central 
Railroad  Company  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  whereby 
the  latter  company  obtained  a  lease  of  all  the  lines  of  railroad  owned  and 
controlled  by  the  Wisconsin  Central  lines  between  the  cities  of  Chicago  and 
St.  Paul  and  Ashland,  including  the  lines  of  roailroad,  real  estate  and 
terminal  facilities  of  the  Chicago  <fe  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  in 
the  city  of  Chicago,  thus  giving  to  the  Northern  Pacific  Company  a  com- 
plete line  from  St.  Paul  to  Chicago,  with  ample  terminal  facilities  in  the 
latter  city.  This  combination  of  interests  was  deemed  by  the  directors  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  of  the  utmost  importance,  as  giving  access  to  the  city 
of  Chicago  by  a  line  of  its  own  ownership  arid  possession,  with  unsurpassed 
terminal  facilities.  While  the  terms  of  the  lease  relieves  the  Wisconsin 
Central  from  operating  details,  it  leaves  the  building  of  branches,  feeders, 
and  all  extensions  of  and  permanent  improvements  upon  the  Wisconsin 
Central  lines,  to  be  jointly  agreed  upon  by  the  lessor  and  lessee,  and  to  be 
actually  constructed  by  the  Wisconsin  Central  companies.  The  develop- 


GENERAL  INFORMATION,  47? 

rnent  of  the  land  grant  and  management  of  the  iron  properties  remain  in 
the  exclusive  control  of  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  Company.  The 
Wisconsin  Central,  from  its  inception,  has  been  peculiarly  identified  with 
Wisconsin,  its  growth  and  progress.  Almost  nine-tenths  of  the  mileage  of 
the  system  is  within  the  borders  of  that  state,  and  its  principal  offices  are 
located  at  Milwaukee. 

GRAND  CENTRAL  STATION.— No  visitor  to  Chicago  can  escape  having 
pointed  out  to  him  among  the  greatest  attractions  of  the  city,  the  magnify 
cent  Grand  Central  station,  located  at  the  Cor.  of  Fifth  ave.  and  Harrison 
st.  It  is  one  of  the  best  specimens  of  the  highest  type  of  modern  architect* 
ure  to  be  found  in  the  world.  It  is  more  familiarly  known  as  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Depot  than  by  any  other  name,  and  for  that  reason  a  description  of 
it  naturally  comes  here.  [See  "Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  Company;"  also 
illustration  of  Grand  Central  Station.]  The  depot  covers  an  area  of  three  and 
six-tenths  acres.  The  frontage  on  Harrison  st.  is  226  feet, and  on  Fifth  ave.  680 
feet.  There  are  fifteen  stories  in  the  tower,nine  of  which  are  used  for  offices, 
the  upper  four  stories  of  these  being  reached  by  a  special  electrical  elevator. 
The  Seth  Thomas  clock  is  the  second  largest  in  the  United  States,  having  a 
dial  thirteen  and  a  half  feet  in  diameter.  The  hou:-.*s  are  struck  on  a  five- 
ton  bell  by  a  hammer  weighing  250  pounds.  The  pendulum  weighs  700 
pounds.  This  clock  electrically  controls  all  the  clocks  throughout  the 
depot.  The  flagstaff  i*ises  nearly  sixty  feet  above  the  tower. 

PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT. — As  the  visitor  will  probably  have  to  do  with 
the  passenger  department  exclusively,  it  is  suggested  that  with  reference  to 
arrangements  for  special  cars,  special  trains,  the  accommodation  of  large 
parties,  or  the  mapping  outjof  special  tours,  he  call  upon  or  communicate 
with  James  C.  Pond,  general  passenger  and  ticket  agent,  Chicago. 

POINTS  REACHED. — In  general  the  visitor  will  take  the  Wisconsin  Central 
for  all  points  in  the  West  and  Northwest  covered  by  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad  system  and  its  connections.  Take  this  line  for  Lake  Villa  (Fox 
Lake),  Antioch,  Burlington,  Mukwonoga,  Waukesha,  Fond  du  Lac,  Oshkosh, 
Neenah,  Menasha,  Steven's  Point,  Chippewa  Falls,  Eau  Claire,  St.  Paul,  Min- 
neapolis, Ashland,  Hurley,  Ironwood,  Bessemer,  West  Superior  and  Duluth. 
The  Wisconsin  Central  traverses  some  of  the  best  hunting  and  fishing 
grounds  in  the  West,  and  the  tourist  will  find  on  this  route  many  of  the 
leading  and  most  popular  health  and  summer  resorts  in  the  country. 

TICKET  OFFICE.— The  central  ticket  office  of  the  Wisconsin  Central  lines 
is  located  at  205  Clark  st.,  near  the  general  Post  Office. 

SOCIETIES. 

The  societies  of  Chicago  may  be  numbered  by  the  thousand.  They  in- 
clude people  of  all  classes,  conditions,  creeds  and  countries;  they  are  rep- 
resentative of  every  aspect  and  phase  of  life,  from  the  purely  social  to  the 
purely  scientific.  A  mere  list  of  societies  will  afford  the  reader  no  infor- 
mation beyond  their  names  and  locations;  a  statement  of  their  aims  and 
objects  would  fill  a  volume  larger  than  this.  Location  of  meeting  places 
are  constantly  changing,  as  are  the  names  of  officers.  The  city  directory 
contains  the  most  perfect  list  published  of  societies  which  have  obtained 
prominence  and  standing — including  all  manner  of  secret  organizations. 
The  most  prominent  societies  are:  Academy  of  Sciences  [see  "Arts  and 
Sciences"] ;  Astronomical  Society  (meets  in  the  Tribune  bldg.) ;  Aid  Societies, 
of  all  kinds,  from  those  which  are  for  school  children  to  those  which  are 
for  the  aged  and  incurable;  Arch (fological  Society;  Associated  Charities 
Society;  American  Sabbath,  Union;  Back  Lot  Societies  of  Evanston ;  Bankers 
Association  of  Illinois  (Mr.  John  J.  P.  Odell,  of  the  Union  National  Bank, 
president) ;  Bar  Association  (meets  in  the  Title  and  Trust  bldg.) :  British 
American  Association;  Caledonia  Society;  Canadian  -  American  League; 
Catholic  Young  Men's  National  Union;  Cecilian  Circle;  Chicago  Exchange 


478  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

for  Woman's  Work  (130  Wabash  ave.) ;  Chicago  Law  Institute  [see  "Libra- 
Vies"];  Chicago  Orchestrial  Union;  Children**'  Home  Society;  Citizens,  Im- 
provement Society;  Citizens'  League  (for  the  prevention  of  the  sale  of  liquors  to 
minors  and  drunkards — a  great  organization);  Citizens'  Rights  Association; 
Commercial  Travelers  (United)  Cymrodian  Society;  Decorative  Art  Society 
(Art  Institute) ;  Eclectic  Medical  and  Surgical  Society;  Electrical  Society; 
Electrical  Workers'  Union;  Folk  Lore  Society  (literary) ;  Frog  Society; 
(tyrman  Society  of  Chicago  (a  powerful  and  a  noble  organization) ;  Gaelic 
Society;  German  Mutual  Benefit  Association;  Girls'  Friendly  Society; 
Gynecological  Society  (Medical/;  Historical  Society,  (Dearborn  ave.  and 
Ontario  st.,)  [see  "Buildings,"];  Horticultural  Society;  Illinois  Humane 
Society  (Auditorium  building,  room  43,  telephone  65,  for  the  prevention  of 
cruelty  to  children  and  animals) ;  Illinois  State  Board  of  Agriculture;  Irish 
Catholic  Colonization  Society;  Irish  National  Burial  Association;  Ladies' 
Social  Circle  (a  charitable  organization) ;  Microscopical  Society:  Moral  Educa- 
tional Society;  National  Short  Horn  Breeders'  Association;  Naval  Veterans' 
Association;  New  West  Education  Commission;  Northwestern  Association  of 
Horse- Breeders;  Northwestern  Traveling  Men's  Association;  Ogontz  Associa- 
tion (Pontiac  building)  a  club  for  working  girls;  Personal  Bights  League; 
Philatelic  Society;  Philosophical  Society;  Ridgeway  Ornithological  Club;  Relief 
and  Aid  Societies  [see  "Charities"];  Scandinavian  Literary  Society  (Schil- 
ler Theatre);  Secular  Union;  Secret  Societies  (every  secret  organization 
is  represented);  [see  "City  Directory"];  Singing  Societies;  [see  "City 
Directory"];  St.  Andrews'  Society;  St.  Vincent  De  Paul  Society.  [See 
"  Charities."]  State  Council  Catholic  Benevolent  Legion;  State  Microscopical 
Society  (attached  to  Academy  of  Sciences ;  Society  of  Ethical  Culture;  Soldiers' 
Home  Convention;  South  End  Flower  Mission  (a  beautiful  charity) ;  Temper- 
ance Societies  (including  the  Good  Templars) ;  Sons  of  Temperance,  Gospel 
Temperance,  Keeley  Leagues,  Catholic  Temperance  organizations,  etc.); 
Tract  Society;  Turners'  Societies  (several  with  handsome  turn  halls) ;  Typo- 
thetoe  (society  of  master  printers) ;  Typothetce  Mutual  Benefit  Association; 
Typographical  Union  (composed  of  the  vast  majority  of  Chicago  com- 
positors) ;  Union  Veteran  Club;  Union  Veteran  Legion;  United  Commercial 
Travelers  of  America  ;  United  Societies  of  Chicago;  Veteran  Union  League; 
Western  Amateur  Press  Association;  Women's  Alliance;  Women's  Exchange; 
Woman's  Press  Association;  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  [see  "  Chris- 
tian Organizations"]. 

STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

A  large  number  of  public  institutions  in  Illinois,  including  prisons, 
reformatories,  hospitals,  asylums,  etc.,  are  conducted  under  the  supervi- 
sion, and  maintained  at  the  expense  of  the  state.  They  are  as  follows: 

Illinois  Asylum  for  Feeble  Minded  Children. — Located  at  Lincoln,  156  miles 
south  of  Chicago.  Take  Illinois  Central  or  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad.  Aver- 
age daily  attendance  of  inmates  about  375.  Average  age  of  inmates  about 
fifteen  years.  Annual  expenses  about  $75,000. 

Illinois  Central  Hospital  for  the  Insane.— Located  at  Jacksonville,  215 
miles  south  of  Chicago.  Take  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad.  Average  number 
of  patients  about  925.  Annual  cost  of  maintenance  $150,000. 

Illinois  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary. — Located  in  Chicago,  N.  W 
Cor.  of  Adams  and  Peoria  sts. ;  take  Adams  st.  car.  A  handsome  structure. 
The  average  number  of  patients  per  annum  treated  for  diseases  of  the  eye  is 
about  4,000;  for  the  ear  about  1,100.  Over  50,000  patients  have  been  treated 
since  the  opening  of  the  institution  in  1858.  The  expenses  per  annum  are 
about  $30,000. 

Illinois  Eastern  Hospital  for  the  Insane. — Located  at  Kankakee,  56  miles 
south  of  Chicago.  Take  the  Illinois  Central  railroad.  Average  number  of 
patients  about  1,500.  Ordinary  expenses  per  annum  about  $250,000. 

Illinois  Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind.— Located  at  Jackson- 
ville, 215  miles  south  of  Chicago.  Take  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad.  Average 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  479 

number  enrolled  about  215,  of  whom  about  one-third  are  females.  Annual 
appropriation  for  maintenance  about  $120,000. 

Illinois  Institution  for  1  he  Education,  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb. —Located  at 
Jacksonville,  215  miles  south  of  Chicago.  Take  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad. 
Average  number  of  people  on  the  rolls  about  600.  Ordinary  expenses  per 
annum  about  $125,000. 

Illinois  Northern  Hospital  for  the  Insane. — Located  at  Elgin,  forty-two 
and  one-half  miles  from  Chicago.  Take  Chicago  &  North-Western  or  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  <fe  St.  Paul  railroad.  The  number  of  patients  averages 
nearly  600.  The  per  capita  cost  of  maintenance  is  about  $169.  The  b\iildings 
are  large  and  are  being  constantly  improved. 

Illinois  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home.— Located  at  Normal,  124  miles  south- 
west of  Chicago.  Take  Chicago*  Alton  railroad.  The  average  number  of 
inmates  is  about  210  males  and  150  females.  Annual  expenses,  about  $50,000. 
This  is  ah  educational  institution  as  well  as  a  home  for  the  orphans  of 
Illinois  soldiers.  Every  branch  of  English  common-school  education  is 
taught. 

Illinois  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Home.— located  at  Qumcy,  264  miles  south- 
west of  Chicago.  Take  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad.  Conducted 
on  the  cottage  plan.  Average  number  of  inmates,  about  750.  Cost  of  main- 
tenance, about  $175  per  capita.  Ordinary  expenses  about  $100,000  per  annum. 

Illinois  Southern  Hospital  for  the  Insane.— Located,  at  Anna,  329  miles 
southwest  of  Chicago.  Take  Illinois  Central  railroad  The  average  number 
of  patients  in  the  institution  is  about  675.  The  cost  of  maintenance  per 
capita  is  $162.  The  annual  appropriation  for  maintenance  and  improvements 
is  about  $125,000. 

Illinois  Southern  Penitentiary. — Located  at  Chester,  near  St.  Louis.  Take 
Illinois  Central  railroad.  Average  number  of  prisoners,  about  800.  Here 
the  convicts  are  employed,  as  at  Joliet,  in  all  trades,  under  the  contract 
system  There  are  extensive  brick  yards  in  the  prison.  The  prison  is 
almost  self-sustaining,  the  average  appropriation  to  meet  the  deficit  being 
about  $50,000. 

Illinois  State  Penitentiary.— Located,  at  Joliet,  37  miles  south  of  Chicago. 
Take  Chicago  &  Alton;  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  or  Michigan  Central 
railroad.  Average  number  of  prisoners,  1,400.  The  prison,  through  a.  system 
of  convict  contract  labor,  is  almost  self-sustaining.  The  prison  itself  is 
built  after  the  manner  of  American  penal  institutions  generally,  although 
many  of  the  latest  improvements  have  been  adopted  in  the  plans  of  the  cell 
buildings,  work  shops,  etc.  Visitors  are  admitted  under  certain  restrictions. 

Illinois  State  Reform  School. — Located  at  Pontiac,  ninety-two  miles  south- 
west of  Chicago.  Take  Illinois  Central,  Chicago  &  Alton  or  Wabash  rail- 
roads. Average  number  of  inmates,  about  325.  Cost  of  maintenance,  about 
$50, 000  per  annum.  The  manual  training  system  is  in  operation  here.  The 
inmates  are  boys  sent  by  the  courts  generally  on  complaint  of  parents  who 
cannot  control  them. 

Illinois  State  University. — Located  at  Champaign.     [See  "Education."] 

TRIBUTARY  CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 

The  following  are  the  principal  cities  and  towns  of  the  West,  Southwest 
and  Northwest,  tributary  to  Chicago,  with  their  distances  from  this  city, 
the  railroad  lines  by  which  they  may  be  reached  and  their  respective  pop- 
ulations according  to  the  census  of  1890: 

Cincinnati.— The  largest  and  most  important  city  in  Ohio;  county  seat 
of  Hamilton  county ;  extends  along  the  river  a  distance  of  10  miles ;  average 
width,  3  miles;  area,  24  square  miles.  Free  public  library  contains  137,972 
volumes  and  15,565  pamphlets;  reached  by  Baltimore  &  Ohio;  Cleveland, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  and  Chicago  &  Erie.  Population  (1890), 


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THIS   IS  THE   ORIGINAL    .    .    . 

PEPPERMINT-FLAVORED 

CHEWING-GUM 

FIRST  TO  RELIEVE  THE  DISTRESSING   PAINS  OF  * 

DYSPEPSIf\   flND  •HEARTBURN 

Chew  for  20  Minutes  after  each  Meal 


WHITE'S 

YUCATAN 

GUM 


ORIGINATED  AND  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY 


.   J. 

CLEVELAND,  O.,  U.  S.  A. 


INTRODUCED    DECEMBER,    1886. 


Number  of  pieces  sold  in   1887 4,799,000 

Number  of  pieces  sold  in   1888 66,636,700 

Number  of  pieces  sold  in   1889 97,831,000 

Number  of  pieces  sold  in   1890 126,874,000 

Number  of  pieces  sold   in   1891    128,560,000 

Number  of  pieces  sold  in   1892 136,122,490 


483  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Cleveland. — The  county  seat  of  Cuyahoga  county,  Ohio;  on  the  southern 
shore  of  Lake  Erie,  365  miles  east  of  Chicago.  A  beautiful  and  prospei-ous 
city,  with  great  commercial  interests.  One  of  the  finest  avenues  in  the 
world — Euclid — may  be  seen  here.  In  Lake  View  Cemetery  the  body  of  the 
late  President  Garfield  is  interred.  A  monument  costing  $250,000  has  been 
erected  to  his  memory.  Reached  by  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern, 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  and  Chicago  &  Erie  railroads. 
Population  (1890),  261,546.  Here  is  located  the  W.  J.  White's  chewing  gum 
manufactory.  [See  "White,  W.  J.,  Chewing  Gum  "  under  heading  "West- 
ern Industry,  Wealth  and  Trade."] 

\Columbus.— Situated  on  the  Sciota  river,  116  miles  northeast  of  Cincin- 
nati; county  seat  of  Franklin  county,  and  capital  of  Ohio;  has  large  coal, 
iron,  manufacturing  and  general  commercial  interests;  beautifully  situa- 
ted, well  laid  out  and  handsomely  built;  reached  by  Baltimore  &  Ohio, 
Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  <fe  Indianapolis  and  Chicago,  St.  Louis  & 
Pittsburg  railroads.  Population  (1890),  90,000.  Here  are  located  the  great 
manufacturing  works  of  the  Columbus  Buggy  Co.  [See  "  Columbus  Buggy 
Company"  under  heading. "  Western  Industry,  Wealth  and  Trade."] 

Council  Bluffs.— Situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Missouri  river,  in  Iowa, 
opposite  Omaha,  in  Nebraska;  on  the  line  of  the  great  continental  railway 
from  Chicago  to  San  Francisco;  about  a  mile  east  of  Omaha.  Two  of  the 
finest  iron  bridges  in  the  country  span  the  Missouri  river.  Reached  by  the 
Chicago  &  North-Western ;  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific ;  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington &  Quincy  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St,  Paul  railroads.  Population 
(1890),  18,063. 

Des  Moines — Capital  of  Iowa;  county  seat  of  Polk  county;  138  miles 
east  of  Omaha;  357  miles  west  of  Chicago;  comprises  an  area  of  8  square 
miles;  nearly  equally  divided  by  the  Des  Moines  river,  flowing  north  and 
south ;  the  west  side  being  again  divided  by  the  Racoon  river,  which  here 
joins  the  former.  On  the  east  side  is  erected  the  state  capitol  on  an  elevated 
site,  surrounded  by  a  10-acre  park.  State  library  contains  30,000  volumes. 
Reached  by  Chicago  &  North  -  Western ;  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy ; 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific;  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  and 
Wabash  railroads.  Population  (1890),  50,000. 

Detroit. — Principal  city  of  the  state  of  Michigan;  county  seat  of  Wayne 
county.  Detroit  stretches  along  the  Detroit  river  six  and  one-half  miles, 
reaching  back  two  and  three-fourth  miles.  On  the  opposite  shore  is  Wind- 
sor, Canada.  Detroit  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  most  prosperous 
cities  in  the  West.  It  has  immense  manufacturing  and  railroad  interests. 
Reached  by  Michigan  Central,  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk,  Lake  Shore  & 
Michigan  Southern  and  Wabash  railroads.  Population  (1890),  205,669. 

Galena. — County  seat  of  Jo  Daviess  county,  111. ;  180  miles  west-north- 
west of  Chicago.  It  is  the  commercial  depot  of  an  extensive  district;  owes 
its  prosperity  to  the  species  of  lead  from  which  it  takes  its  name,  and  the 
mines  of  which  surround  it,  underlying,  more  or  less  densely,  an  area  of  over 
1,500,000  acres.  In  1829  the  first  load  was  conveyed  overland  to  Chicago. 
Galena  was  for  many  years  the  home  of  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant.  Here  he  worked 
in  his  father's  tannery  and  leather  store  when  he  offered  his  services  to  the 
country  at  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion.  His  old  home  still  stands  and  the 
citizens  of  Galena  have  erected  a  handsome  monument  to  his  memory. 
Reached  by  Chicago  &  North-Western  and  Illinois  Central  railroads.  Popu- 
lation (1890)  6,403. 

Galesburg.— County  seat  of  Knox  county,  111. ;  163  miles  west-southwest 
of  Chicago,  at  the  junction  of  branches  of  the  C.,  B.  <fe  Q.  R.  R.,  in  a  very 
fertile  farming  district .  Knox  College  and  Lombard  College  are  situated 
here.  Reached  by  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad.  Population 
(1890),  15,212. 

Indianapolis.— Capital  of  Indiana;  194  miles  southeast  of  Chicago;  alti- 
tude, 148  feet  above  Lake  Erie.  It  extends  four  miles  in  length,  three  miles 
wide.  Public  library  contains  36,461  volumes.  Marion  county  court  house 
is  in  the  heart  of  the  city ;  built  of  Indiana  limestone,  intei'ior  of  iron  and 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  483 

marble;  is  150x286  feet,  and  240  feet  to  "the  top  of  dome.  Magnificent  new 
state  capitol  building  also  here.  Reached  by  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
&  St.  Louis  ("Big  Four") ;  Chicago  &  Erie,  and  Louisville,  New  Albany  & 
Chicago  railroads.  Population  (1890),  125,000. 

Jackson. — Chief  city  of  Jackson  county,  Mich. ;  situated  on  the  Grand 
river,  seventy-five  miles  west  of  Detroit.  Reached  by  Chicago  &  Grand 
Trunk  and  Michigan  Central  railroads.  Population  (1890),  16,105. 

Kansas  City. — Second  city  of  the  state  of  Missouri;  situated  in  Jackson 
county,  on  the  right  bank  -of  the  Missouri  river,  235  miles  west  by  north 
from  St.  Louis;  488  miles  south  west  of  Chicago.  The  river  is  crossed  at  this 
point  by  a  bridge  1,387  feet  long,  resting  on  seven  piers.  Is  a  great  railroad, 
cattle  and  commercial  center.  Was  laid  out  in  1830,  but  its  growth  dates 
from  1860.  Reached  by  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe ;  Chicago  &  Alton ; 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy ;  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul;  Wabash  & 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railroads.  Population  (1860),  4,418;  (1890) 
105,000. 

Keokuk. — Chief  city,  Lee  county,  Iowa,  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
Mississippi,  in  the  extreme  southeast  corner  of  the  state  (whence  its  name 
"  Gate  City").  A  canal  nine  miles  long,  round  the  lower  rapids  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, which  formerly  obstructed  navigation,  has  been  constructed  by 
the  United  States  government,  at  a  cost  of  $8,000,000.  Is  a  port  of  entry, 
reached  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  and  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fe 
Pacific  railroads.  Population  (1890) ,  14,075. 

Leavenworth. — Largest  city  in  Kansas.  Situated  on  the  bluff  at  the  right 
bank  of  the  Missouri  river.  In  1854  the  first  street  was  laid  out ;  in  1864 
the  taxable  property  amounted  to  $4,103,562.  Two  miles  above  the  city  is 
Fort  Leavenworth.  The  government  reservation  has  a  river  frontage  of  six 
miles;  depth,  one  mile ;  reached  by  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  and  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railroads. 

Lincoln. — County  seat  of  Lancaster  county,  and  capital  of  Nebraska. 
State  university,  state  prison,  insane  asylum  and  Home  for  the  Friendless 
are  all  situated  here ;  reached  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  rail- 
road. 

Louisville.— The  most  important  city  in  the  state  of  Kentucky ;  situated 
on  the  south  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  323  miles  east  of  south  of  Chicago. 
The  city  has  an  area  of  thirteen  square  miles,  and  a  water  front  of  eight 
miles.  It  is  a  handsomely  built  city,  and  the  most  northern  of  the  southern 
group.  The  city  has  large  steamboat,  manufacturing  and  commercial 
interests.  Reached  by  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  and  Louis- 
ville, New  Albany  &  Chicago  ("Monon  route")  railroads.  Population  (1890), 
185,756. 

Milwaukee. — The  largest  city  in  the  state  of  Wisconsin;  situated  on  the 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  eighty-five  miles  north  of  Chicago.  The  Milwaukee 
and  Menomonee  rivers  unite  in  the  center  of  the  business  portion  of  the 
city.  A  bay  six  miles  from  cape  to  cape,  and  three  miles  broad  stretches 
in  front  of  the  city,  which  commands  a  fine  water  view.  The  material  used 
for  building  is  largely  the  cream-colored  brick  made  in  the  vicinity,  from 
which  Milwaukee  is  sometimes  called  the  "Cream  City."  Population  (1890), 
204,150.  Present  population  (estimated),  325,000.  Among  other  things  for 
which  Milwaukee  is  noted  are  her  immense  breweries,  which  find  a  market 
for  their  product  in  every  part  of  the  world.  Reached  by  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western ;  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  and  Wisconsin  Central  rail- 
roads, the  time  necessary  being  only  three  hours.  The  great  fire  in  Mil- 
waukee in  the  winter  of  1892,  although  it  laid  a  large  portion  of  the  city  in 
ashes,  did  not  in  the  least  check  the  marvelous  growth  and  prosperity  of 
the  city.  Milwaukee  will  be  visited  by  thousands  of  those  who  attend  the 
World's  Fair.  It  will  repay  a  visit,  as  it  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  cities 
on  the  continent.  [See  "Guide''  and  "Lake  Excursions,"  also  "Water 
Transportation.''] 


484  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

THE  PLANKINTON. — The  "Cream  City,"  as  it  has  been  named,  is  noted  for 
its  large  number  of  German  residents,  its  immense  breweries  and  the 
Plankinton  House.  The  Plankinton,  a  model  hotel,  is  centrally  located  on 
Grand  ave.,  occupying  almost  an  entire  block  and  contains  about  450  rooms. 
The  floor  of  the  large  office  is  now  being  relaid  with  marble.  The  reading 
room  is  very  commodious  and  contains  many  handsome  works  of  art  in  the 
way  of  pictures,  etc.  The  billiard  room  is  being  refitted,  and  when  the 
alterations  and  furnishings  are  completed  will  be  very  attractive.  Ten  fine 
taTHes  of  the  Brunswick-Balke-Collender  company's  manufacure  will  be 
placed  in  this  room.  Manager  Chase  always  keeps  a  sharp  lookout  for  the 
comfort  and  entertainment  of  the  guests,  and  that  his  efforts  are  successful 
is  shown  by  the  large  list  of  daily  arrivals  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  Dur- 
ing the  past  three  months  Mr.  Chase  has  purchased  over  twelve  hundred 
choice  etchings  and  engravings,  all  of  which  have  been  very  tastily  framed, 
and  he  is  now  busily  engaged  in  having  them  placed  in  the  piiblic  and  guest 
rooms  throughout  the  hotel.  The  idea  is  a  good  one  and  will  be  appreciated 
by  the  patrons  of  the  Plankinton.  This  hotel  is  noted  for  its  excellent  cui- 
sine, for  which  it  deserves  a  great  deal  of  praise,  also  for  the  prompt  service 
in  the  dining  room. 

THE  HOTEL  PFISTER.— The  new  Milwaukee  hotel,  The  Pfister,  will  be  com- 
pleted and  ready  for  business  about  the  first  of  April. 

Its  Location.— The  hotel  Pfister  is  located  on  the  East  side  in  Milwaukee, 
on  the  Cor.  Wisconsin  and  Jefferson  sts.  It  is  within  five  blocks  of  the  lake 
and  overlooks  the  beautiful  bay,  and  the  fine  residences  and  park-like 
grotands  along  the  bluff  to  the  north  and  east.  It  is  eight  stories  in  height, 
and  from  its  upper  floor  a  view  of  the  entire  city  may  be  obtained. 

Absolutely  Fire-proof  .—The  Pfister  is  the  only  absolutely  fire-proof  hotel 
in  the  state  of  Wisconsin,  and  one  of  the  most  perfectly  built  hotels  in  the 
world.  It  has  been  said  for  it,  that  any  room  in  it  might  be  filled  with  the 
most  inflammable  material  and  set  on  fire,  and  burn  out,  and  the  occupants 
of  the  other  rooms  never  know  there  was  a  fire,  so  perfectly  is  each  room 
isolated  by  fire-proof  walls,  ceilings  and  floors. 

The  Best  Equipped.— It  is  one  of  the  most  perfectly  equipped  hotels  in  the 
world.  Every  new  device  known  that  would  add  to  the  convenience  and 
comfort  of  guests  has  been  adopted,  and  it  may  be  considered  the  most 
modern  hotel,  in  point  of  equipment,  in  the  country. 

Its  Substantial  Character.— From  the  foundation  stones  to  the  roof  the 
hotel  is  substantially  made.  No  part  of  its  construction  was  slighted.  And 
in  the  equipping  and  furnishing  of  the  building  the  same  substantiality  is 
noticeable.  There  is  not  a  cheap  piece  of  work  about  the  structure.  In  the 
finishing  and  furnishing  of  the  hotel  no  one  part  has  been  made  superior  at 
the  expense  of  another. 

The  Dining  Hall  —The  large  dining  hall  is  on  the  top  floor  of  the  hotel, 
and  from  there  a  magnificent  view  of  the  bay  and  the  city  can  be  had.  Not 
only  do  the  guests  as  they  sit  at  the  table  have  spread  before  them  a  splen- 
did panorama  of  lake  and  park,  but  they  have  at  all  times  a  cheerfully 
lighted  place  where,  during  the  hottest  days  of  summer,  the  cool  lake  breezes 
can  reach  them. 

Convenience  of  Location. — From  the  Pfister  the  street  railway  lines  of  the 
city  radiate  in  all  directions.  Whether  one  wishes  to  reach  the  railway 
stations,  steamboat  docks,  the  parks,  the  lake  resorts,  the  churches  or  the 
theatres,  he  can  take  a  car  at  the  hotel  door  and  reach  there. 

The  Finest. — There  are  so  many  attractive  features  about  the  hotel  and 
its  location,  that  it  would  take  more  space  than  is  available  here  to  speak 
of  them.  Let  it  be  sufficient  to  say  in  summing  up,  that  The  Pfister  is  one  of 
the  finest  hotels  in  its  construction  and  appointments  in  America,  situated- 
in  the  finest  part  of  the  finest  city  in  America. 

MEYER  &FINCK. — The  town-builders  of  Milwaukee.  The  firm  is  to  Milwau- 
kee what  S.  E.  Gross  &  Co.  is  to  Chicago.  In  the  development  of  residence 
and  manufacturing  suburbs  it  has  achieved  well  earned  celebrity.  The  firm 


486  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

of  Meyer  &  Finck  has  been  identified  with  the  inception  and  the  growth  of 
those  flourishing  suburbs,  North  Milwaukee,  South  Milwaukee  and  Cudahy, 
suburbs  in  which  the  most  careful  of  capitalists  and  wage-earners  have 
made  profitable  investments.  There  are  bound  to  grow  up  around  Milwau- 
kee, as  there  has  grown  up  around  Chicago,  suburbs  which  will  offer  not 
only  equal  but  better  inducements  to  investors  than  city  property,  for  the 
chances  and  certainties  of  rapid  growth  are  strongly  in  favor  of  the  outlying 
residence  and  manufacturing  towns.  North  Milwaukee  is  only  one  and  one- 
half  miles  distant  from  the  city,  Cudahy  three  miles,  and  South  Milwaukee 
six  miles.  The  two  last  named  have  the  shipping  facilities  of  the  Chicago 
&  North-Western  railway,  while  North  Milwaukee  has  four  great  railroads 
which  center  in  the  city  and  is  soon  to  have  electric  railroad  facilities.  No 
better  field  is  open  to  investors  at  present  than  the  industrial  and  residence 
suburbs  of  Milwaukee.  A  trip  to  Milwaukee  may  be  made  in  about  two 
hours.  Foreign  and  American  investors  will  do  well  to  call  upon  Meyer  & 
Finck,  605,  606  and  607  Pabst  bldg. 

Minneapolis.— The  county  seat  of  Hennepin  county,  Minn. ;  situated  on 
both  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  420  miles  north- 
west of  Chicago.  The  east  side  was  settled  first  under  the  name  of  St. 
Anthony,  which  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1860.  The  west  side  settle- 
ment, named  Minneapolis,  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1867.  In  1872  both  were 
united  under  the  name  of  Minneapolis.  The  falls  supply  abundant  water 
power  for  a  number  of  flour  and  lumber  mills.  Minneapolis  is  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  and  prosperous  cities  in  the  Northwest.  It  is  magnificently 
laid  out  and  built  in  a  substantial  and  tasteful  manner.  Of  later  years  its 
growth,  population  and  commerce  have  been  phenomenal.  Reached  by  Chi- 
cago &  North-Western ;  Chicago, Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul;  Chicago,  St.  Paul  & 
Kansas  City;  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Minneapolis  and  Wisconsin  Central  rail- 
roads. Population  (1890),  164,780. 

Omaha. — Largest  city  in  the  state  of  Nebraska ;  situated  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  Missouri  river,  490  miles  west  of  Chicago.  Omaha  is  practically  the 
eastern  terminus  of  the  Union  Pacific  railway  system ;  here  are  located  the 
largest  smelting  and  refining  works  in  the  world.  The  city  has  immense 
cattle,  lumber,  manufacturing  and  commercial  interests.  It  has  grown 
wonderfully  during  recent  years.  Reached  by  Chicago  &  North-Western ; 
Chicago,  Milwaukee*  St.  Paul;  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  and  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  railrods.  Population  (1890),  134,742. 

Quincy. — County  seat  of  Adams  county,  111. ;  situated  125  feet  above  low- 
water  mark  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  the  extreme  western  point 
of  the  state.  The  river  is  crossed  by  a  great  railroad  bridge.  By  water, 
Quincy  is  160  miles  above  St.  Louis ;  by  rail,  263  miles  southwest  of  Chicago. 
Reached  by  Chicago,  Burlington  <fe  Quincy  railroad.  Population  (1890), 
31,478. 

St.  Joseph. — County  seat  of  Buchanan  county,  Mo.,  and  largest  city 
in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  state;  260  miles  northwest  of  St.  Louis,  500 
miles  southwest  of  Chicago.  A  beautiful  city  on  the  east  bank  of  the 
Missouri  river,  which  at  this  point  is  spanned  by  a  bridge.  St.  Joseph 
is  a  great  wholesale  center  and  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  wealthiest 
cities  in  the  West.  The  town  is  handsomely  built.  Reached  by  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  «fc  Pacific ;  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy ;  Chicago,  St.  Paul  & 
Kansas  City  and  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  railroads.  Population  (1890), 
a  bout  70,000. 

St.  Louis. — Chief  city  of  Missouri;  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi river,  twenty  miles  below  its  confluence  with  the  Missouri ;  283  miles 
southwest  of  Chicago.  The  extreme  length,  in  a  straight  line,  17  miles;  the 
greatest  width,  6.60  miles;  length  of  river  frontage,  19.15  miles;  area 
(including  considerable  territory  at  present  suburban  in  character),  62*4 
square  miles.  St.  Louis  is  one  of  the  handsomest  cities  in  America  and  one 
of  the  most  pi-ogressive.  In  point  of  population  it  ranks  the  fifth  in  the 
United  States.  There  are  two  bridges  across  the  Mississippi  river  at  this 
point,  one  of  them  being  a  magnificent  steel  striicture  and  ranking  among 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  487 

the  greatest  in  tne  world.  St.  Louis  has  some  beautiful  parka  and  public 
gardens,  magnificent  business  streets,  elegant  residences,  fine  public 
buildings,  and  is  altogether  a  city  which  the  visitor  should  not  fail  to  see. 
Reached  by  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton,  Illinois  Central  and  Wabash  railroads. 
Population  (1890),  460,357. 

Sf.  Paul.— Capital  of  Minnesota,  coiinty  seat  of  Ramsey  county,  a  port 
of  entry,  situated  on  the  Mississippi  river,  2,150  milts  from  its  mouth,  10 
miles  below  St.  Anthony's  Falls;  360  miles  north  west  of  Chicago.  The 
ground  on  which  the  city  is  built  rises  from  the  river  in  a  series  of  terraces. 
Two  lines  of  steamers  ply  between  St.  Paul  and  St.  Louis  and  intermediate 
points,  the  navigable  season  lasts  six  months ;  reached  by  Chicago  &  North- 
western ;  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul ;  Wisconsin  Central ;  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington &  Quincy  and  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  railroads ;  popula- 
tion (1890),  133,156. 

Springfield,—  Capital  of  Illinois;  county  seat  of  Sangamon  county;  laid 
oxit  in  1822;  selected  as  state  capital  in  1837;  chartered  as  a  city  in  1840;  185 
miles  southwest  of  Chicago.  Take  Chicago  &  Alton,  Illinois  Central  or 
Wabash  train.  Principal  attractions:  State  Capitol,  erected  1866-68,  con- 
structed of  Joliet  marble  in  the  form  of  a  Greek  cross,  with  portico  of  gran- 
ite, 385  feet  long,  296  feet  wide ;  has  central  dome,  surmounted  by  a  lantern, 
with  a  ball  on  the  pinnacle,  360  feet  high;  contains  a  general  and  law 
library,  geological  and  agricultural  museums,  state  senate  and  representa- 
tive halls,  and  state  offices.  Lincoln  Monument,  at  Oak  Ridge  Cemetery, 
erected  1874,  designed  by  Larkin  G.  Mead,  consists  of  a  granite  obelisk, 
height,  98^  feet  from  center  of  spacious  basement  (119^2  feet  long,  721/a  feet 
wide),  which  contains  a  catacomb  in  which  is  entombed  the  body  of  Abra- 
ham Lincoln,  and  a  memorial  hall.  A  bronze  statue  of  Lincoln  and  four 
groups  of  figures  in  bronze,  symbolizing  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  United 
States,  are  arranged  around  the  base  of  the  obelisk.  Lincoln's  old  home- 
stead is  also  to  be  seen  here.  Reached  by  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis,  Illinois 
Central  and  Wabash  &  St.  Louis  railroads.  Population  (1890),  24,852. 

Toledo.— A.  prosperous  and  beautiful  city  of  northern  Ohio,  on  the 
extreme  southwestern  shore  of  Lake  Erie.  Population  (1890),  81,434;  present 
population  about  90,000.  (Toledo  is  243  miles  almost  directly  due  east  from 
Chicago,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern, 
the  Wabash  and  the  Michigan  Central  railroads.  It  is  a  great  railroad 
center,  trunk  lines  entering  it  from  the  east,  west  and  south.  It  has  many 
fine  hotels,  beautiful  business  blocks  and  great  manufactories,  among  the 
latter  the  great  Yost  Manufacturing  Co.  and  the  Gendron  Iron  Wheel  Co. 
are  conspicuous.  [See  "  Western  Industry,  Wealth  and  Trade."] 

Tributary  Towns. — The  following  are  the  towns  of  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa, 
Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  immediately  tributary  to  Chicago,  not  included 
above,  with  their  populations  according  to  the  census  of  1890:  ILLINOIS: 
Aurora,  19,634;  Belleville,  15,360;  Bloomington,  20,000;  Cairo,  14,000;  Canton, 
5,589;  Champaign,  5,827;  Danville,  11,528;  Decatur,  16,841;  Dixon,  5,149;  E.  St. 
Louis,  15,156;  Elgin,  17,429;  Freeport,  11,000;  Galena,  6,406;  Joliet, 27, 407;  Lin- 
coln, -6,125;  Li tchfield,  5,798;  Mattoon,  6,829;  Moline,  11,995;  Monmouth,  5,837; 
Ottawa,  11,500;  Paris,  5,049;  Peori a,  40,758;  Rockford,  23,589;  Rock  Island 
13,596;  Sterling,  5,822;  Streator,  6,120.  INDIANA:  Anderson,  10,759;  Brazil, 
5,902;  Columbus,  6,705;  Crawfordsvifte,  6,086;  Elkhart,  11,000;  Evansville, 
50,674;  Ft.  Wayne,  35,349;  Goshen,  6,027;  Huntington,  7,300;  Jeffersonville, 
11, 274  ;Kokomo,  8,224;  Lafayette,  16,407 ;  La  Porte,  7,122;  Logansport,  13,798; 
Madison,  8,923;  Marion,  8,724;  Michigan  City,  10,704;  Muncie,  11,339;  New 
Albany,  21,000;  Peru,  6,731;  Princeton,  6, 494;  Richmond,  16,849;  Seymour, 5,337; 
Shelby  ville,  5,449;  South  Bend,  21,786;  Terre  Haute,  30,287;  Valparaiso,  5,083; 
Vincennes,  8,815;  Wabash,  5,196;  Washington, 6,052.  IOWA:  Boone, 6,518;  Bur- 
lington, 22,528;  Cedar  Rapids,  17,997;  Clinton,  13,629  ;Creston,  9,120;  Davenport, 
25,161;Dubuque,  30,147;  Ft.  Madison,  7,906;  Iowa  City,  5,628;  Lyons,  5,791;  Mar- 
shalltown,  9,308;  Muscatine,  11,432;  Oskaloosa,  7,300;  Ottumwa,  13,996;  Sioux 
City,  37,862;  Waterloo,  6,679.  MICHIGAN:  Adrian,  9,239;  Alpena,  11,228;  Ann 
Arbor  9,509 ;  Battle  Creek,  13,000 ;  Bay  City,  27,826 ;  Big  Rapids,  5,265  ;Cheboygan, 


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[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

YOST  MFG.  CO.,  TOLEDO,  OHIO. 

[Sec  "  Western  Industry  "1 


illli 


THE,  FfVbGON 


N1ADE 

THE  YOST  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 


$115.00 

100.00 

50.00 


FALCON  No.  1.    Gentlemen's  Road  Wheel, 
FALCONESS.        Ladies' Road  Wheel,    - 
FALCON  JR.        Boys'  and  Girls'  Road  Wheel, 

Fitted  with  Pneumatic  Tires,  and  made  of  the  best  steel. 
With  Cushion  Tires,  $5.00  less. 

Every  desirable  feature  known  to  the  trade  has  been  ma^e  use  of  in  blinging 
out  the  FALCOX  line  of  wheels.  They  will  be  found  the  ide'j  wheels,  combining 
as  they  do  the  highest  grade  of  material  and  workmanship  with  a  moderate  price. 
Write  for  Catalog, 

THE   YOST  M'F'G   CO., 

YOST    STATION,  TOLEDO,  OHIO. 


490  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

6,244;  Cold  water,  5,462;  Escanaba,  8,000;  Flint,  9,845;  Grand  Rapids,  64,147; 
Ishpeming,  11,184;  Kalamazoo,  17,857;  Lansing,  12,630;  Ludington,  7,499; 
Manistee,  12,799 ;  Marquette, 9,096;  Menominee,  10,606;  Monroe.5,246;  Muskegon, 
22,688;  Nagaunee,  6,061;  Owosso,  6,544;  Pontiac,  6,243;  Pt.  Huron,  13,519;  Sagi- 
naw,  46,215;  W.  Bay  City,  12,910;  Ypsilanti,  6,128.  WISCONSIN:  Appleton, 
11,825;  Ashland,  16,000;  Beloit,  6,276;  Chi ppewa Falls,  8,520;  Eau  Claire,  17,438; 
Fond  du  Lac,  11,942 ;  Green  Bay,  8,879;  Janesville,  10,631;  Kenosha,  6,529;  La 
Crosse,  25,053;  Madison,  13,392;  Manito woe,  7,525;  Marinette,  11,513;  Menomi- 
nee, 5,485;  Neenah,  5,076 ;  Oconto,  5,221 ;  Oshkosh,  22,753 ;  Portage,  5,130;  Racine, 
21,022;  Sheboygan,  16,341 ;  Stevens  Point,  7,888;  Watertown,  8,870;  Waukesha, 
7,475;  Wausaw,  9,251 ;  Superior,  13,000. 

UNION  STOCK  YARDS. 

Located  on  S.  Halsted  st. ;  in  the  former  town  of  Lake,  now  within  the 
corporate  limits,  about  five  and  one-half  miles  southwest  of  the  City  Hall. 
Take  S.  Halsted  st.  horse  car  for  yards  direct,  or  State  st.  cable  line  with 
transfer  at  Thirty-fifth  or  Forty -third  st.  Or  take  train  at  Van  Buren  st. 
depot,  via  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railway,  at  Union  depot  via  Pitts- 
burg  c/nd  Fort  Wayne  railroad,  or  at  Central  depot  via  Illinois  Central  rail- 
road. The  visitor  will  enjoy  a  drive  to  the  yards  by  way  of  Bridgeport,  a 
great  manufacturing  center,  or  by  way  of  Michigan  blvd.  to  Thirty-ninth  st., 
and  thence  west.  The  Union  Stock  Yards  were  organized  and  opened  in 
1865.  The  Stock  Yards  company  at  the  present  time  own  400  acres  of  land— 
320  acres  in  one  block  and  eighty  acres  in  outlying  lots.  The  larger  tract  is 
devoted  to  the  stock  yards ;  some  200  acres  being  devoted  to  yards,  etc.,  while 
the  balance  is  occupied  by  railroad  tracks  and  car  sidings.  Before  you,  as 
you  enter  the  main  arch- way,  is  a  town  with  twenty  miles  of  streets,  twenty 
miles  of  water-troughs,  fifty  miles  of  feeding-troughs  and  about  seventy- 
five  miles  of  water  and  drainage  pipes.  Besides  the  regular  water  works 
supply  there  are  a  number  of  artesian  wells,  having  an  average  depth  of 
1,230  feet.  The  plant  of  the  union  Stock  Yards  Company  proper  cost  about 
$4,000,000.  Present  capital  about  $23,000,000.  The  plants  of  the  various  pack- 
ing companies  cost,  it  is  estimated,  in  the  neighborhood  of  $10,000,000. 
[Statistical  information  concerning  the  immense  transactions  at  the  Stock 
Yards  is  given  in  the  "Appendix."] 

Development  of  the  Industry.— The  statistics  referred  to  above  will  show 
how  this  great  industry  has  been  developed.  The  Stock  Yards  to-day  are 
one  of  the  wonders  of  the  world.  Twenty  great  trunk  railroads,  fed  by 
hundreds  of  branches  which  stretch  like  a  mighty  octopus  over  the  land, 
deliver  and  carry  away  the  raw  and  manufactured  articles  which  arrive  at 
and  depart  from  this  spot.  During  the  early  morning  the  Western  roads 
are  busy  unloading  their  freight  of  cattle,  hogs  and  sheep,  while  in  the 
afternoon  the  Eastern  roads  are  equally  busy  taking  delivery  and  loading 
up  the  stock  that  is  going  to  Boston,  New  York  and  countless  other  points. 
At  the  packing  houses  tbe  work  goes  on  all  day — one  train  following  an- 
other carrying  away  the  finished  product  of  the  butcher  and  packer.  The 
Stock  Yards  Company  >own  all  the  railroad  tracks  (over  150 miles  in  all) 
and  do  all  the  switching  or  shunting  connected  with  the  business  of  the 
yards.  Every  railroad  company  has  a  direct  communication  with  the 
yards,  either  through  its  own  tracks  or  by  the  Belt  line;  at  any  rate,  they 
can  all  get  there  withoxjt  trouble,  and  no  delays  tiike  place.  The  yards  can 
accommodate,  at  their  fullest  capacity,  over  30,000  cattle,  200,000  hogs,  30,- 
000  sheep  and  4,000  horses,  and  while  at  times  they  ai*e  taxed  to  their  fullest 
limit,  yet  as  a  rule  the  stock  is  well  and  carefully  looked  after,  As  tho 


GENERAL   INFORMATION*.  401 

trains  coine  rolling  in,  the  company  takes  charge  of  the  stock;  ana  its  loca- 
tion, name  of  firm  to  whom  consigned  with  description,  etc.,  are  detailed 
in  the  office  of  the  company. 

How  Lire.  Stock  is  Eccflved.  -Practically  speaking,  all  stock  is  consigned 
to  commission  men,  who  at  once  take  charge  of  it.  Sometimes  the  cattle 
are  left  in  the  pens  where  they  are  placed  on  arrival;  but,  as  a  rule,  sales- 
men have  each  certain  localities  in  the  yards  and  endeavor  to  get  all  their 
cattle  located  in  the  same  place.  The  y;,rds  are  divided  into  pens.  The 
cattle  pens  are  in  divisions,  thus:  Division  A,  pen  1;  or  division  C,  pen  20; 
while  the  hog  pens  are  located  at  the  railroad  delivery  points.  Sheep  have  a 
separate  location  for  themselves.  The  cattle  pens  are  of  different  sizes, 
holding  from  one  animal  up  to  309  or  400  head.  As  a  rule,  local,  or  what  are 
termed  native,  cattle  come  in  small  lots,  generally  one  to  two  cars  at  a 
time;  while  range  cattle  generally  come  in  train-loads  of  twelve  to  fifteen 
cars.  Acar-load  averages  about  twenty  cattle,  weighing  1,200  pounds  each, 
or  abo\it  24,000  pounds  to  the  car,  The  hog  and  sheep  pens  are  covered  in. 
Hogs  weighing  250  pounds  each  run  aboxit  seventy  head  to  the  car;  while 
sheep  are  loaded  according  to  weight,  as  they  differ  so  much  in  quality. 
One  hundred  fair-sized  sheep  generally  make  a  load.  Each  pen  has  a 
water  trough,  while  in  those  devoted  to  cattle  and  sheep  hay-racks  are  also 
provided.  The  cattle  pens  especially  are  exceedingly  strong,  the  whole 
structure  being  of  wood.  The  floors  are  of  the  same  material,  as  it  is 
most  suitable  to  the  climate.  Alleys,  well  "macadamized,"  intersect  the 
yard  so  that  every  pen  is  easily  reached,  while  at  convenient  points  the 
weighing  scales,  the  feed-store  houses,  etc.,  are  placed.  On  delivery, 
the  Stock  Yards  company  becomes  responsible  to  the  various  railroad  com- 
panies for  the  freight  and  feed  that  are  due  for  each  shipment.  In  turn, 
the  owner,  through  his  commission  men,  becomes  bound  for  payment  to  the 
Stock  Yards  company.  As  it  would  be  impossible  to  collect  the  freight  as 
every  car  comes  in,  a  settlement  of  freight  and  feed  charges  is  made  twice 
a  week;  the  commission  men  being  obliged  to  put  up  a  bond  of  $10,000  to 
secure  the  amounts  that  may  accumulate.  In  this  way  matters  run  very 
smoothly.  If  the  owner  or  the  Battle  has  no  bond  up,  he  is  obliged  to  pay 
the  amount  due  before  the  stock  is  released;  but  so  perfect  is  the  system 
that  no  friction  of  any  kind  occurs,  and  the  business  in  this  respect  goes  on 
from  day  to  day  without  any  trouble.  Subjoined  are  the  regulations  and 
commissions  of  the  market  :  Diseased  maats  are  condemned.  Sales,  unless 
otherwise  stated,  per  100  Ibs,  live  weight.  Dead  hogs,  100  Ibs.  and  over,  %c. 
per  lb.:  less  than  10D  Ibr;.  of  no  value.  Broken-ribbed  and  bruised  cattle, 
docked  £3  per  head.  Public  inspectors  dock  pregnant  sows  40  Ibs.  and  stags 
(altered  boars)  80  (bs.  each.  Yardage  —  Cattle,  25c.  ;  hogs  and  sheep,  8c.  per 
head.  Peed—  Corn,  $1  por  bushel;  timothy  hay,  $30;  prairie  hay,  $20  per 
ton.  Commissions—  Catlle,  50c.  per  head  ;  calves  and  yearlings,  $10  per  car; 
hogs  and  sheep,  single  decks,  $0;  double  decks,  010  per  car;  public  inspec- 
tion of  hogs,  15c.  per  car.  The  charges  for  yardage  are  moderate,  but  the 
price  charged  for  feed  is  out  of  all  i-roportion  to  market  values,  and  there 
is  continual  complaint  upon  thH  latter  point.  Four  great  parties  meet,  as 
it  were,  in  communion  every  ^ay  at  the  yards  —  the  Stock  Yard  Company, 
with  its  array  of  employes  ;  the  owners  of  stock,  drifting  in  from  all 
points  of  the  compass;  the  commission  men,  with  their  corps  of  clerks  and 
assistants,  and,  lastly,  the  host  of  buyers  who  operate  there. 


an'l  Selling.  —  Buying  and  selling  goes  on  every  day  except 
Sunday,  while  Saturday  has  come  to  be  looked  upon  as  a  sort  of  settling  day 
for  the  week.  While,  of  course,  cattle  come  in  at  all  hours  of  the  day,  it  is 
the  object  of  the  railroads  to  land  them  in  the  yards  from  four  o'clock  to 
eight  in  the  morning.  A  very  large  number  of  the  cattle  come  out  of  first 
hands;  but  the  majority  a-e  consigned  by  dealers,  who  pick  them  up  in  small 
bunches  in  the  country,  except  in  the  case  of  range  cattle,  which  are  practi- 
cally consigned  by  the  owners.  The  hog  market  opens  early,  and  is  pretty 
well  over  by  ten  o'clock.  There  are  scattering  sales  after  that  hour,  but  the 
majority  of  the  work  is  finished  at  the  above  mentioned  time.  The  sheep 
market  is  confined  very  much  to  t.7a  morning  also,  while  trading  in  cattle,  as 


4S)2  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

a  rule,  opens  about  nine  o'clock  and  goes  on  more  or  less  up  till  three  P.  M., 
when  the  whistle  blows  and  business  is  suspended  for  the  day.  When  it  is 
considered  that  for  the  five  active  workingdays  of  the  week  there  are  received 
about  10,000  cattle  a  day,  over  and  above  hogs  and  sheep,  the  gigantic  nature 
of  the  business  can  be  estimated ;  but  a  man  needs  to  be  actually  upon  the 
spot  to  judge  even  approximately  of  how  business  is  carried  on.  The  Stock 
Yards  Company  employ  about  1,000 men;  there  are  about  120  commission 
men,  who  must  also  employ  about  1,000  assistants;  add  to  this  about  300 
buyers,  and  it  can  well  be  imagined  that  from  eight  o'clock  in  the  morning 
till  three  in  the  afternoon  the  Stock  Yards  present  a  very  active  scene.  There 
are,  moreover,  hundreds  of  owners  who  practically  become  interested  specta- 
tors of  the  work  as  it  progresses,  while  every  day'a  great  crowd  of  sightseers 
p\i  t  in  an  appearance.  The  office-work  is  mostly  confined  to  the  Exchange 
building,  where  the  Stock  Yards  Company,  the  commission  men,  the  rail- 
road companies,  the  buyers,  etc.,  have  suitable  offices.  A  substantial  bank 
p-lso  occupies  a  very  handsome  office  in  the  same  building.  As  soon  as  the 
cattle  are  delivered  to  the  commission  men,  their  work  begins.  Hay  is 
immediately  ordered  for  the  cattle ;  quantities  of  course  vary,  but  as  a  rule, 
prime  cattle  eat  about  fi-ve  pounds  each ;  common  cattle,  seven  and  a  half 
pounds,  and  range  cattle  get  an  allowance  of  ten  pounds  each.  The  water 
is  turned  into  troughs,  and  if  the  cattle  have  been  properly  handled  on  the 
road,  they  take  a  good  fill.  Very  often  cattle  have  to  be  sorted  and  classed, 
and  this,  as  a  rule,  is  done  before  the  water  is  turned  into  the  troughs.  As 
in  other  cattle  markets,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  supply  and  demand  regu- 
late to  a  great  extent  the  price,  and  when  the  buyer  appears  early  on  the 
scene  it  is  pretty  good  evidence  of  an  active  market. 

Quick  Work. — In  the  decimal  system  of  currency  and  weights,  the  process 
of  buying  and  selling  is  very  easy  from  a  financial  point  of  view.  The  com- 
mission man  asks,  say,  $t  per  hundred  fl>s.,  the  buyer  bids  $3.80  per  hundred 
Ibs.,  and  they  eventually  agree  upon  $3.90  per  hundred  as  the  price,  then  the 
remainder  of  the  work  is  very  simple.  Shortly  after  the  terms  are  agreed 
upon,  the  cattle  ai'e  driven  to  the  scale  and  weighed.  Before  they  are  run 
into  the  weighing  pen,  however,  they  are  examined  either  by  the  buyer  him- 
S3lf  or  his  agent,  to  see  that  there  are  no  broken-ribbed  or  bruised  cattle. 
Cattle  that  are  severely  bruised  are,  as  a  rule,  thrown  out  and  sold  separ- 
ately, while  animals  with  broken  ribs  are  docked  $5  per  head  as  stated 
above.  The  weighing  scale  in  general  use  is  known  as  the  "  Fairbanks 
Live  Stock  Scale,"  and  is  an  invention  that  has  been  of  great  value  to 
American  stockmen.  These  scales  have  a  capacity  to  weigh  100,000  fts., 
which  at  2,000 ft>s.  to  the  ton,  is  50  tons;  but,  as  a  rule,  they  seldom  weigh 
more  than  60,000  Ibs  at  a  time.  By  this  means  an  immense  number  of  cattle 
can  be  passed  over  one  scale  in  a  day.  The  weighing  beam  of  the  scale  is 
open  to  the  public,  and,  as  both  the  buyer  and  the  seller  have  access  to  the 
room  in  which  it  is  placed,  no  disputes  ever  arise  as  to  weights.  An 
official  ticket  of  weight  is  issued  by  an  employee  of  the  stock  yards, who  also 
superintends  the  weighing,  and  by  this  means  all  disputes  are  saved.  After 
the  weight  has  been  ascertained  the  cattle  are  run  off  the  scale,  and  they 
become  the  property  of  the  buyer.  The  commission  man  takes  possession 
of  the  scale  ticket  and  hands  it  to  his  bookkeeper,  who  calculates  the  amount 
due,  and  collects  immediately  from  the  buyer.  The  large  buyers  have 
arrangements  with  the  banks  to  cash  their  tickets  as  they  are  handed  in, 
and  thus  all  the  trouble  of  writing  cheques,  etc.,  is  saved. 

Classification  of  Cattle.— The  classes  of  cattle  coming  to  market  are 
pretty  well  defined.  We  have,  first,  the  "exporters;"  this  includes  cattle 
that  are  suitable  ior  the  eastern  markets,  as  well  as  good  enough  to  go  to 
England.  Second,  the  "dressed  beef"  steers,  suitable  for  the  dressed  beef 
business.  Third,  "butcher  stuff, "  composed  of  light  steers  and  the  better 
grade  of  cows,  Foiirth,  "canners,"  which  includes  everything  not  good 
enough  for  butchering;  and  then  as  an  extra  class  we  have  the  "range" 
cattle,  which  are  pretty  well  divided  among  the  last  three  classes  named. 
The  movement  of  cattle  is  most  entirely  eastward.  San  Francisco,  which  is 
a  large  market,  draws  quite  a  number  of  cattle  from  California  and  the 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  493 

adjoining  states,  but  otherwise  there  is  a  continual  movement  toward  the 
East.  The  movement  begins  at  the  Gulf  of  Mexico;  the  barren  plains  of 
Arizona,  the  sage  brush  valleys  of  Nevada  and  far  Montana,  all  contribute 
and  send  forward  their  consignments.  From  those  distant  points  the  work 
of  shipping  is  no  easy  matter.  The  various  lines  at  suitable  points  have 
feeding  yards,  where  hay  is  supplied  at  three  times  its  value.  Cattle  can 
be  run  from  300  to  500  miles  without  feed  and  water,  but  as  a  rule  the  feed- 
ing  stations  are  generally  placed  about  the  former  distance  apart.  Within 
the  last  year  or  two  "Palace"  stock  cars  have  been  introduced,  and  by  this 
means  cattle  can  be  run  practically  any  distance,  as  they  are  constructed 
to  allow  the  animals  to  be  fed  and  watered  without  unloading.  What  are 
known  as  the  "Street"  cars,  built  on  this  principle,  have,  up  to  this  time, 
been  the  best  produced,  and  they  are  likely  to  maintain  their  lead,  as  they 
can  be  divided  into  three  compartments,  which  to  a  great  extent  prevents 
bruises. 

DISPOSING  OP  THE  RECEIPTS. — The  cattle  having  reached  Chicago  are 
sold  as  described  above.  Those  which  are  brought  for  shipment  are  driven 
over  to  the  shipping  divisions,  where  they  are  loaded  up  and  forwarded  to 
their  respective  destinations.  The  dressed  beef  men  generally  allow  their 
cattle  to  remain  in  the  pens  overnight,  and  the  next  day  after  they  are  pur- 
chased they  are  driven  over  to  the  slaughter-houses.  The  alleys  in  the  yards 
have  become  so  crowded  that  during  the  last  few  years  viaducts  have  been 
constructed  overhead,  and  along  those  the  cattle  and  hogs  are  driven  to  the 
respective  packing-houses.  The  cattle  having  reached  the  point  where 
they  are  made  into  dressed  beef,  a  description  of  the  methods  by  which 
three-fourths  of  the  cattle  sold  in  Chicago  market  reach  the  consumer  may 
now  be  attempted.  The  dressed  beef  business  in  America  was  founded 
some  twenty  years  ago.  A  few  years  later  the  work  was  taken  up  by  the 
late  Mr.  George  H.  Hammond,  of  Detroit,  who  may  be  termed  the  father  of 
this  business.  He  was  a  man  of  fine  executive  ability,  and  he  built  up 
through  his  energies  a  magnificent  trade.  He  died,  unfortunately,  jxist 
when  he  had  reached  the  zenith  of  his  powers.  Other  parties  took  up  the 
business,  and  it  has  gradually  grown  (figuratively  speaking)  from  a  grain 
of  mustard-seed  to  a  very  large  tree.  Mr.  T.  Eastman,  one  of  the  largest 
live-stock  shippers  in  America,  branched  off  into  this  trade ;  Mr.  Nelson 
Morris,  well-known  to  every  cattle-man,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  also  took 
a  hand ;  in  1880  Mr.  G.  F.  Swift  began  upon  a  most  extensive  scale ;  while  two 
years  later  Messrs.  Armour  &  Co.  also  commenced  the  business.  We  have 
now  in  Chicago  four  immense  concerns— viz.,  Swil.  &  Co.,  Armour  <fe  Co., 
Hammond  &  Co.,  and  Nelson  Morris  &  Co.  These  firms,  along  with  Libby, 
McNeill  &  Libby,  buy  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  cattle  coming  into  our 
markets. 

Slaughtering  the  Cattle.— The  cattle  on  reaching  the  slaughter- 
house are  driven  into  large'pens  adjacent  to  it ;  thence  they  are  driven  along1 
narrow  passage-ways  and  are  put  into  separate  Compartments  by  them- 
selves. These  compartments  are  just  large  enough  to  hold  one  bullock. 
Over  them  is  a  wooden  foot-path,  along  which  a  man  can  walk;  the 
animals  are  either  shot  down  or  felled  from  this  point.  Between  the  com- 
partments and  the  slaughter-house  is  a  lifting-door  which  slides  up  mechan- 
ically. A  chain  is  passed  around  the  horns  of  the  animal  and  it  is  dragged 
into  the  main  slaughter-house,  after  which  the  animal  is  properly  bled. 
Lifting  pulleys  worked  by  steam  power  are  provided  for  hoistingeach  carcass 
while  being  dressed,  and  iron  runs  for  moving  the  carcasses  in  halves  or 
quarters  from  the  hanging  room  to  the  chill-rooms.  All  the  work  in  the 
slaughtering  department  is  done  by  well-trained  experts,  each  one  having  a 
single  division  of  labor  to  perform.  For  example,  the  hides  are  taken  off  the 
carcass  by  different  trained  experts  in  such  careful  manner  as  to  give 
them  a  value  of  about  one  cent  per  pound  over  the  common  butcher  s 
hides;  the  guts  are  thoroughly  cleansed  and  sold  for  sausage  casings; 
the  contents  of  the  entrails  are  converted  into  fertilizing  substances, 
which  are  sold  in  the  older  portions  of  the  country  where  the  lands 
have  been  long  worn  by  successive  crops;  the  livers,  hearts,  etc.,  are 


494  GtTTTVK   TO   OHTOAGO. 

shipped  with  the  beef  to  different  markets,  where  they  are  sold  to 
good  advantage;  the  bladders  are  dried  and  sold  to  druggists  and  other 
parties;  the  stomach  makes  tripe;  the  tongues  are  always  in  demand  at 
good  prices;  the  horns  are  sold  readily  to  the  comb  and  knife-haft  maker: 
the  shin-bones  are  usually  in  good  request  for  knife-handles,  and  backs  for 
tooth  and  nail  brushes ;  the  knuckle  bones  are  similarly  prepared  for  mak- 
ing acid  phosphate,  and  have  a  fair  commercial  vahie  for  this  purpose ;  the 
blood  is  all  utilized  for  different  commercial  purposes;  the  ox-tail  trade  is 
now  a  regular  part  of  the  traffic,  as  all  the  great  hotels  must  have  ox-tail 
soup  at  stated  times;  the  heads,  after  being  trimmed,  are  sold  for  glue 
stock;  the  fat  taken  from  the  inside  of  the  bullock  is  made  by  a  peculiar 
process  into  oleomargarine,  which  has  to  be  sold  under  its  proper  name,  and 
sells  to  fair  advantage ;  neatsfoot  oil  is  made  from  the  feet,  and  the  hocfs 
are  ground  and  go  in  with  the  fertilizing  substances,  so  that  every  part  of 
the  bullock  is  utilized.  From  the  main  slaughtering-house,  which  to  a 
stranger  is  a  sickening  sight,  the  carcasses  are  taken  along  the  iron  run 
ways  into  the  refrigerators.  There  they  cool  off  in  a  temperature  of  about 
36  o  -Fahr.  Passing  from  the  blood-stained  floors  of  the  butchering  depart- 
ment to  the  other  portions  of  the  house,  every  one  is  struck  with  the 
remarkable  cleanliness  of  the  establishment.  There  is  not  a  speck  of  dirt. 
To  this  point  the  greatest  attention  is  paid,  and  the  meat  and  other  products 
from  these  houses  are  handled  with  far  more  care  than  in  small  slaughter- 
ing-houses in  the  country.  From  the  coolers  the,  carcasses  are  run  out  to 
the  loading  platforms,  cut  into  quarters,  and  then  put  into  refrigerator 
cars,  which  take  the  meat  away  and  distribute  it  far  and  near.  A  trip 
through  the  big  slaughtering-houses  is  very  interesting.  The  wonder- 
f til  dexterity  of  the  butchers,  the  mechanical  inventions  to  help  the  work, 
the  methodical  system  employed,  the  extreme  cleanliness,  and,  above  all, 
the  rapidity  and  silence  with  which  everything  is  done,  strike  a  stranger 
very  forcibly,  and  an  impartial  person  who  visits  those  great  meat  manu- 
factories generally  comes  away  convinced  that  American  ingenuity  in  this 
respect  "beats  creation." 

Packing  Companies.— The  great  packing  companies  are  as  follows: 
Allerton  Packing  Co. ;  Anglo-American  Provision  Co. ;  Armour  &  Co. ;  Wash- 
ington Butchers'  Sons ;  Calumet  Canning  Co. ;  Chicago  Packing  and  Provis- 
ion Co.;  JohnCudahy;  Davis  Provision  Co. ;  Decker  &  Murath;  L.  B.  Dowd 
<fe  Co. ;  Horace  M.  Depee ;  Ellsworth  &  Bartlett ;  Fairbank  Canning  Co. ; 
Fowler  Brothers ;  Garden  City  Packing  &  Preserving  Co. ;  Henry  D.  Gilbert 
&  Co, ;  Guthman,  Leppel  &  Co. ;  G.  H.  Hammond  &  Co. ;  John  C.  Hately ; 
G.  Hunniford  &  Co. ;  Hutchinson  Packing  Co. ;  International  Packing  Co. ; 
Jones  &  Stiles;  Libby,  McNeill  &  Libby ;  Thomas  J.  Lipton;  Loss,  Collins  & 
Co.;  Michener  Bros.  &Co. ;  Miller,  Hendricks  &  Co. ;  Minnesota  Packing  & 
Provision  Co. ;  Moran  &  Healey ;  John  Morrell  &  Co. ;  Nelson  Morris  &  Co. : 
Noonan&Hoff;  North  American  Provision  Co. ;  Omaha  Packing  Co. ;  John 
O'Malley;  Simon  Ffaelzer;  E.  K.  Pond  Packing  Co.;  Samuel  Shoenman: 
William  H.  Silberhorn  Co.;  Swift  &  Co.,  and  Underwood  &  Co.  Not  all  of 
these  concerns  transact  their  packing  business  at  the  Union  Stock  Yards, 
but  all  are  closely  allied  to  the  great  market. 

"Big  Four."— The  visitor  will  hear  of  the  "Big  Four*'  packers.  These 
are  Armour  &  Co.,  the  Anglo-American  Packing  Co.,  Nelson  Morris  &  Co., 
and  Swift  &  Co. 

The  Exchange.— 3  \\K\,  inside  the  entrance  to  the  Union  Stock  Yards  is  the 
Exchange  building,  where  the  visitor  will  find  the  offices  and  counting  rooms 
of  the  men  who  practically  transact  the  live  stock  business  of  Chicago. 
These  are  modestly  styled  commission  men,  but  they  are  in  reality  mer- 
chants, and  many  of  them  are  engaged  very  extensively  in  the  cattle  traffic, 
independently  of  their  commission  business.  Others  of  them  are  packers 
themselves  and  buy  outright  from  shippers.  Others  purchase  for  packing 
houses  owned,  controlled  or  managed  by  them  elsewhere.  The  great  major- 
ity, however,  buy  and  sell  on  commission. 

Clay,  Robinson  &  Co.— A.  little  over  six  years  ago  the  firm  of  Clay,  Rob- 
inson <fe  Co.  came  into  existence.  The  individual  partners  are  John  Clay, 


496  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Jr.,  Chas.  O.  Robinson  and  Win.  H.  Forrest.  It  is  a  combination  that  has 
been  successful  from  the  first  and  they  have  gone  ahead  steadily  increas- 
ing their  buisness.  Originally  they  had  but  the  Chicago  office.  It  was  soon 
apparent  that  branches  must  be  established  at  Omaha  and  Kansas  City. 
At  the  former  point  they  have  their  own  office.  Through  it  they  transact  a 
business  that  rivals,  to  a  certain  degree,  that  which  passes  through  their 
hands  at  the  great  central  market,  of  which  we  display  a  well  taken  cut. 
At  the  latter  point  they  are  content  with  agents,  the  Cassidy  Commission 
Co.,  who  are  leaders  in  the  trade  there,  taking  care  of  their  business  at 
that  point.  They  handle  all  classes  of  live  stock,  and  they  have  gained 
their  present  reputation  by  hard  work.  Good  sales,  prompt  returns,  civil- 
ity to  buyers  and  customers  alike,  with  steady  perse'verance,  have  done 
wonders  in  the  past  and  will  certainly  have  their  effect  in  the  future.  At 
the  Stock  Yards,  as  at  any  other  business  point,  close  attention  to  details 
plays  an  important  part,  and  the  above  firm  have  got  their  system  of  post- 
ing their  customers  down  to  a  fine  point.  At  the  end  of  the  past  year  they 
had  10,000  correspondents  who  were  weekly  receiving  the  Live  Stock  Report, 
a  paper  published  by  them  and  which  has  become  a  household  word 
throughout  the  West.  It  is  a  condensation  of  the  week's  wdrk  at  the  yards, 
and  every  Friday  evening  it  goes  through  the  Chicago  mails  to  all  ends  of 
the  country.  The  Report  is  sent  free  to  any  shipper  of  stock  who  applies 
for  it.  Parties  using  it  generally  return  the  compliment  by  shipping  the 
firm  some  stock.  No  shipper,  breeder  or  feeder  should  be  without  this 
clever  little  paper,  for  not  only  does  it  treat  of  the  market,  but  its  pages 
are  adorned  with  short,  concisive  articles  referring  to  stock  matters  writ- 
ten by  the  best  authorities  in  the  country.  It  has  also  been  the  habit  of 
this  firm  to  issue  a  Christmas  souvenir.  In  1892  they  sent  out  a  calendar 
which  has  never  been  equaled  I  in  -the  West.  Send  for  it,  as  it  is  a 
work  of  art,  the  designs  being  all  specially  gotten  up  for  this  great  work. 
To  show  the  enterprise  of  this  firm  we  only  mention  the  fact  that  it  took 
over  seven  months'  work  to  design  and  prepare  the  above. 

Wood  Brothers.— The  firm  of  Wood  Bros.,  live  stock  commission  mer- 
chants, doing  business  at  the  Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  and  established 
in  the  year  1867,  when  the  live  stock  interest  of  Chicago  was  comparatively 
in  its  infancy.  With  the  growth  of  the  business  here,  the  drm  of  Wood  Bros, 
have  done  a  constantly  increasing  business,  and  at  the  present  time  are  the 
largest  handlers  of  live  stock  on  commission  in  Chicago.  They  are  also 
doing  a  leading  business  in  South  Omaha.  The  present  members  of  the  firm 
are  S.  E.  Wood,  James  Wood,  E.  A.  Wood  and  R.  Nash,  each  of  whom  have 
been  exclusively  engaged  in  this  line  for  over  twenty  years.  This  firm,  per- 
haps, has  a  more  general  business  than  any  firm  at  the  stock  yards;  in 
other  words,  they  receive  stock  from  all  sections  of  the  country  tributary 
to  the  Chicago  market,  and  make  a  specialty  of  every  class,  having  their 
business  so  systematized  that  each  class  of  stock  is  handled  by  separate 
and  expert  salesmen.  By  this  means  they  have  been  able  to  give  the  very 
best  results  to  their  patrons,  and  by  promptness,  enterprise  and  constant 
attention  to  all  the  details  of  their  business,  have  been  enabled  thus  to 
build  up  their  trade  to  its  present  proportions.  They  number  among  their 
patrons  some  of  the  largest  raisers  and  feeders  of  stock  in  the  United  States, 
and  in  the  year  1891  sold  for  one  company — the  Home  Land  &  Cattle  Co., 
of  St.  Louis — about  14,000  head  of  beef  steers,  and  about  an  equal 
number  for  the  same  parties  during  1892.  All  parties,  whether  shipping 
small  or  large  quantities,  will  receive  uniform  courtesy  and  attention,  and 
their  interests  will  be  carefully  protected. 

Sights  in  Packing  Town. — When  the  visitor,  all  new  to  the  wonders  of  the 
yards  and  packing  town,  gets  inside  of  the  main  entrance  his  ignorance 
betrays  him.  He  loiters  about  and  exposes  himself  to  the  guide.  The  guide 
is  a  walking  directory  of  the  stock  yards  and  will  place  his  entire  stock  of 
knowledge  at  your  disposal  for  twenty-five  cents.  He  is  one  of  the  few  per- 
sons who  have  mastered  the  names  of  all  the  "streets"  and  "avenues,"  for 
every  crooked  and  narrow  passageway  between  the  big  brick  buildings  is 
either  a  street  or  an  avenue.  The  main  thoroughfare  is  Packers  ave.  The 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  -191 

guide  Jeads-the  visitor  first  to  the  gallery  adjoining  the  Exchange  restaurant. 
If  he  does  not  get  a  few  exclamations  of  delight  and  surprise  out  of  the  visitor 
when  they  mount  the  gallery  then  he  feels  discouraged  and  loses  interest  in 
his  job.  This  gallery  overlooks  the  great  checker-board  within  the  squares 
of  which  there  are  swarms  of  cattle;  "herds"  is  not  the  word  to  use,  for 
there  are  too  many.  To  the  west  are  the  packing-houses,  palaces  of  refined 
butchery.  From  the  packing-houses  comes  an  odor,  a  plainly  perceptible 
odor,  which  is  rather  disagreeable  at  first.  This  packing  town  odor  has  been 
tin  justly  criticised.  It  is  unpleasant  only  on  shore  acquaintance.  To  any 
one  accustomed  to  it  there  is  only  a  pleasant  suggestion  of  rich,  ruddy  blood 
and  long  rows  of  tempting  "sides"  hung  up  to  cool.  The  stock-yards  atmos- 
phere is  healthful.  The  average  weightpf  a  packing-house  employe  is  about 
a  hundred  and  eighty  pounds.  The  various  packing-houses  may  be  visited 
during  working  hours,  and  there  is  no  attempt  made  to  hide  any  department 
from  the  inquisitive  eyes  of  the  stranger.  Everything  is  scrupulously  clean. 
A  visit  to  the  great  slaughter  and  packing  houses  increases  the  respect 
which  one  entertains  for  Chicago  pork  and  beef. 

WATER  WORKS. 

The  water  works  of  Chicago  are  among  the  wonders  of  the  city,  not 
alone  beause  of  their  magnitude,  but  because  of  the  magnificent  engineer- 
ing features  which  they  present  to  the  intelligent  or  curious  visitor.  The 
great  central  pumping  works  of  the  system  are  as  follows :  Foot  of  Chicago 
ave.,  North  side.  Take  N.  Clark  st.  cable  or  State  st.  car  to  Chicago  ave., 
and  walk  east  toward  the  lake.  These  works  are  at  the  southern  end  of  the 
Lake  Shore  drive  and  should  be  visited  by  all  strangers.  West  side  works, 
Cor.  Blue  Island  ave.  and  Twenty -second  st.  Take  Blue  Island  ave.  car. 
Central  pumping  station,  W.  Harrison  St.,  between  Desplaines  and  Halsted 
sts.  Take  Harrison  st.  or  S.  Halsted  st.  cars.  There  are  also  great  pumping 
stations  on  Fourteenth  st.,  at  Lake  View,  Hyde  Park  (Sixty-eighth  st.)  and 
at  Washington  Heights.  To  visit  the  different  "cribs"  situated  in  Lake 
Michigan,  during  the  summer  months,  take  excursion  boats  on  the  lake 
shore,  foot  of  Van  Buren  st.  The  fare  for  round  trip  is  25  cents.  The  area 
of  Chicago  is  about  181  square  miles,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  thickly 
populated,  requiring  good  facilities  for  an  abundant  supply  of  water.  This 
is  drawn  from  Lake  Michigan  by  a  number  of  separate  water  works,  all  of 
which  are  operated  upon  the  same  plan.  Owing  to  the  perfectly  level  plain 
upon  which  Chicago  is  built,  there  is  no  natural  elevation  available  for  the 
establishment  of  reservoirs.  The  water,  when  drawn  from  the  lake,  is 
pumped  directly  into  the  mains  against  a  stand-pipe  head  of  about  100  feet. 

Description  of  Water  Works.—  The  water  works  system  as  it  exists  at 
present  may  be  described  as  follows :  There  are  five  tunnels  under  the  lake, 
which  receive  the  wator  from  the  different  cribs— the  original  five  foot  tun- 
nel, supplying  the  North  side  pumping  works;  the  seven  foot  tunnel  sup- 
plying  the  West  side  pumping  works  (each  two  miles  under  the  lake,  the 
latter  extending  across  the  city) ;  the  Lake  View  tunnel,  the  Hyde  Park 
tunnel  and  the  new  four  mile  tunnel.  The  "cribs"  though  differing  in  size 
and  capacity  are  built  substantially  in  the  same  manner,  or  after  the  plan 
of  the  original  two-mile  crib,  off  Lincoln  park.  Within  the  masonry  of  this 
crib  is  an  iron  cylinder  nine  feet  in  diameter,  extending  down  thirty-one 
feet  below  the  bottom  of  the  lake,  and  connecting  with  two  distinct  tunnels 
leading  to  separate  pumping  works  on  shore.  Water  is  admittted  into  the 
crib  from  the  surface  of  the  lake,  its  flow  being  regulated  by  a  gate.  The 
North  side  or  Chicago  ave.  pumping  works  have  a  capacity  of  about  50,000,- 
000  gallons  daily.  The  West  side  or  Ashland  ave.  works  have  a  capacity  of 


498  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

about  61, 000,000  gallons  daily.  The  W.  Harrison  st.  pumping- works,  which 
also  draw  from  the  seven  foot  tunnel,  have  a  capacity  of  15,000,000  Callous 
daily.  The  Fourteenth  st.  works  have  a  capacity  of  about  50,000,000  gallons 
daily.  These  works  supply  the  World's  Fair  grounds  and  buildings.  At  the 
present  writing  the  capacity  of  the  Lake  View,  Hyde  Park  and  Washington 
Heights  pumping  stations  cannot  be  exactly  given,  as  they  are  undergoing 
many  alterations.  Besides,  connection  is  not  completed  with  the  under- 
ground system  of  tunnels.  The  new  four-mile  tunnel  has  a  capacity  of 
130,000,000  gallons  daily.  With  the  increased  pumping  facilities  the  city  of 
Chicago  may  be  supplied  with  200,000,000  gallons  of  fresh  water  daily  before 
the  close  of  1893. 

Four-Mile  Tunnel  and  "  Crib."— The  new  four-mile  tunnel,  as  has  been 
said  above,  gives  the  city  water  works  an  additional  supply  of  130,000,000 
gallons  daily.  The  water  supplied  is  absolutely  free  from  contamination, 
taken  as  it  is  from  a  point  in  the  lake  four  miles  from  the  shore,  and 
out  of  the  current  from  the  sewers  of  the  city,  or  the  Chicago  river, 
during  flood  periods.  The  tunnel,  considered  as  an  engineering,  feat,  is  a 
great  work,  and  it  was  accomplished  under  gigantic  difficulties.  Quick- 
sands were  encountered,  which  compelled  the  engineers  to  change  the 
course  of  their  burrowing  under  the  lake.  Two  headings  were  started,  one 
from  the  shore  and  the  other  from  the  four-mile  crib,  and  although  they 
both  curved  out  of  the  original  line  300  feet  to  avoid  sandy  soil,  the  two 
headings  met  two  and  a  half  miles  from  shore  and  came  together  with  a 
discrepancy  of  but  a  few  inches.  The  work  was  begun  in  July,  1888,  under 
the  administration  of  Mayor  Roche.  The  total  cost  of  the  tunnel  proper  up 
to  date  has  been  $1,100,000.  To  this  must  be  added  $365,000,  the  cost  of  the 
crib,  and  the  $148,000  awarded  for  extras,  making  a  total  cost  of  $1,625,000. 
The  actual  and  immediate  increase  in  the  daily  water  supply  was  about 
60,000,000  gallons.  The  new  Fourteenth  street  pumps,  which  were  started 
as  soon  as  the  tunnel  filled  with  water,  have  a  capacity  of  50,000,093 
gallons.  At  the  West  Side  station,  at  Harrison  and  Desplaines,  a 
new  pump  was  started,  on  account  of  the  increased  tunnel  cap- 
acity. The  tunnel  is  connected  directly  with  the  Harrison  street 
pumps  by  a  land  tunnel.  It  furnishes  sufficient  water  to  enable 
the  engineers  to  run  all  the  pumps  in  the  city  at  an  increased 
speed.  The  tunnel  capacity  of  the  city  is  now  50,000,000  gallons  above  the 
capacity  of  the  present  pumps,  and  at  least  two  new  pumping  stations  of 
the  largest  capacity  will  be  added.  The  four-mile  crib  is  circular  in  form 
and  in  the  center  of  it  is  a  well  seventy  feet  in  diameter.  This  well  is  con- 
nected with  the  tunnel  by  a  shaft  ten  feet  in  diameter.  The  ports  through 
which  the  lake  water  enters  the  well  are  five  feet  square  and  six  in  number. 
The  ports  are  thirty-six  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  lake,  and  it  is  believed 
that  they  will  be  safe  from  obstruction  by  ice.  The  crib  'is  supplied  with  a 
compressed  air  apparatus  which  makes  it  impossible  for  the  ice  to  get  into 
the  ports. 

Source  of  Water  Supply. — The  water  supply  of  Chicago  and  her  environs 
is  taken  from  Lake  Michigan,  which  is  a  part  of  the  chain  of  lakes  and 
rivers  composing  the  basin  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  To  form  some  idea  of  this 
inexhaustible  and  magnificent  reservoir  of  pure  water,  at  the  very  doors  of 
her  people,  it  is  only  necessary  to  give  a  few  pertinent  statistics.  The  chief 
geographer  of  the  United  States  geological  survey  gives  the  following  data : 
Area  of  basin  of  St.  Lawrence,  457,000  square  miles,  of  which  330,000  belong 
to  Canada,  127,000  to  the  United  States.  Lake  Superior — area,  31,200  square 
miles;  length,  412  miles;  minimum  breadth,  167  miles;  maximum  depth, 
1,008  feet ;  altitude  above  sea  level,  602  feet.  Lake  Huron — area,  21,000  square 
miles;  263  miles  long,  101  broad;  maximum  depth,  702  feet;  altitude,  581  feet. 
Lake  St.  Clair— 29  miles  long.  Lake  Erie— area,  9,960  square  miles ;  length, 
250  miles;  maximum  breadth.  60 miles;  maximum  depth,  210  feet;  altitude, 
573  feet ;  and  above  Lake  Ontario,  326  feet.  Lake  Ontario— area,  7,240  square 
miles;  length,  190  miles:  breadth,  51  miles;  maximum  depth,  738  feet;  alti- 
tude, 247  feet.  Lake  Michigan — area,  22,450  square  miles ;  maximum  breadth, 
84  miles;  length,  345  miles;  maximum  depth,  870  feet;  altitude,  581  feet. 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  499 

Temperature  of  Lake  Water, — The  average  temperature  of  the  water  in 
the  lake  is:  January,32.0;  February,  32.0;  March,  35.4;  April,  43.3;  May,  51.9; 
June,  54.9;  July,  65.9;  August,  60.2;  October,  50.6;  November,  40.3;  Decem- 
ber, 37.5. 

Water  Towers. — For  the  benefit  of  those  who  do  not  understand  the 
principles  of  water  distribution  in  a  great  city,  the  following  explanation  is 
given:  A  tunnel  from  the  crib  in  the  lake  is  built  on  an  incline  so  that  the 
water  pours  into  a  well  under  the  water  works.  In  getting  there  it  has  been 
allowed  to  fall  several  feet  below  the  level  of  the  lake.  When  the  pumping 
is  light,  of  course  the  water  rises  in  the  well  to  the  level  of  its  source — the 
lake— but  in  Chicago  the  demand  is  so  strong  that  the  pumps  keep  the  water 
in  the  well  below  several  feet  that  in  the  lake,  raising  the  water  from  a  dis- 
tance maybe  sixteen  feet  below  lake  surface.  After  the  pumps  have  thus 
raised  the  water  their  work  is  just  begun.  They  must  now  force  it  out  the 
mains  and  into  the  houses,  just  as  an  ordinary  well  pump,  with  the  valve  in 
the  bottom  of  the  well,  instead  of  up  near  the  pump  handle,  brings  the  water 
to  the  pump  spout.  The  use  of  the  tower  is  now  shown.  Take  away  a  sec- 
tion of  the  masonry  and  there  remains  an  upright  pipe.  A  description  of 
the  West  Side  Water  Works  tower  will  serve  as  an  illustration.  There  the 
stand-pipe  is  five  feet  in  diameter  and  about  167  feet  high.  It  is  made  of 
plate  boiler  iron  about  five-eighths  of  an  inch  thick,  and  looks  like  an  ordi- 
nary  engine  boiler,  except  in  length.  When  the  water  passes  the  valve  in 
the  pump  it  passes  through  the  main  pipe  close  by  the  base  of  this  tower, 
or  may  pass  under  the  tower.  An  opening  allows  the  water  to  run  out  of  the 
pipe  into  the  tower  stand-pipe.  At  the  West  side  works  there  are  four  of 
these  main  pipes,  all  opening  into  the  stand-pipe.  Now  comes  the  essential 
part,  which  is  very  simple  when  understood.  The  pumps  are  started,  say  at 
a  pressure  of  forty  pounds  to  the  square  inch  of  siirface.  The  water  is 
forced  out  along  the  mains  and  through  the  opening  into  the  tower  stand- 
pipe.  That  will  raise  the  water  about  two  and  one-third  feet  in  the  stand- 
pipe  for  each  pound  of  pressure,  which  is  about  ninety-three  feet  for  the 
forty  pounds.  The  weight  of  the  water  in  the  pipe  represents  that  power, 
and  stands  there  as  an  elastic  spring  or  cushion,  rising  and  falling,  equal- 
izing the  pressure  on  the  water  faucets  and  pipes.  If  every  one  having  fau- 
cets on  the  main  should  close  them,  the  water  pumped  in  the  main  would 
have  an  escape  through  this  pipe,  and  the  result  can  be  imagined;  the  pipe 
wouldn't  hold  it  very  long  if  the  pumps  were  not  stopped.  But  there  is  an 
indicator,  like  the  hands  on  the  face  of  a  clock,  which  shows  just  how  much 
water  is  being  drawn,  or  how  much  of  the  power  is  used,  and  the  engineer 
regulaters  his  pumping  accordingly.  After  the  above  explanation  it  may 
be  simply  stated  that  the  stand-pipe  in  the  water  tower  furnishes  an 
equalizer,  so  that  when  an  engine  is  running  at  a  given  rate  of  speed 
or  pressure,  the  turning  on  or  off  of  a  few  more  or  less  'faucets  by  con- 
sumers may  not  seriously  and  too  suddenly  affect  the  pressure  and  supply. 

WESTERN  INDUSTRY,  WEALTH  AND  TRADE. 

Many  of  the  greatest  houses  in  the  West,  in  the  country  and  in  the 
world  are  referred  to  under  this  heading.  For  the  convenience  of  visitors, 
they  are  alphabetically  arranged.  The  great  industries  of  Chicago  and  the 
West  will  attract  particular  attention  during  the  World's  Columbian  Expo- 
sition. Many  of  the  houses  mentioned  below  have  magnificent  exhibits  at  the 
World's  Fair.  This  list  includes  well  known  establishments  of  Toledo  and 
Cleveland.  , 

Adder  Using. — There  are  several  great  advertising  agencies  in  Chicago. 
Among  the  greatest  is  that  controlled  by  Mr.  Charles  H.  Fuller,  offices  in 
the  McCormick  block,  Dearborn  and  Randolph  sts.  Mr.  Fuller  carries  out 
contracts  for  advertising  in  a  single  or  in  ten  thousand  newspapers  ia  this 
and  foreign  countries.  His  specialty,  however,  is  high-class  mediums, 
Uaiiy,  weekly  and  periodical, 


500  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Allen,  Gassette  &  Opdyke. — Location,  110  Dearborn  st.  This  firm  was 
formed  by  the  consolidation  of  Norman  T.  Gassette  &  Co.  with  Allen,  Opdyke 
&  Allen,  both  established  houses  and  favorably  known  to  the  people  of  Chi- 
cago. The  consolidated  firm  does  a  general  real  estate,  loan  and  renting 
business.  Many  of  the  greatest  transactions  of  our  day  were  conducted  to  suc- 
cessful conclusions — the  building  of  the  great  Masonic  Temple  among  them — 
by  Norman  T.  Gassette  &  Co.  The  new  firm  has  all  the  advantages  of  an  estab- 
lished reputation,  the  energy  of  thorough  Chicagoans,  and  the  facilities 
which  come  with  the  consolidation  of  two  houses,  each  a  power  in  itself  in 
the  real  estate  and  loan  business. 

American  Radiator  Company. — General  offices,  show-rooms  and.  ware- 
house, 111-113  Lake  St.  This  company  is  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world, 
its  productive  capacity  being  ample  to  supply  all  the  radiators  used  in  the 
world.  Its  goods  are  in  use  in  the  most  important  office  and  public  build- 
ings and  finest  dwellings  throughout  the  United  States,  and  are  used  to  a 
considerable  extent  in  other  countries.  It  has  three  large  sets  of  works, 
two  being  located  at  Detroit,  Mich.,  and  one  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  their  build- 
ings covering  an  area  of  more  than  twenty-five  acres.  It  has  branch  ware- 
houses and  show-rooms  at  New  York,  Boston,  Minneapolis,  St.  Paul  and 
Denver.  Officers  and  directors  are  as  follows:  Joseph  Bond,  president ; 
John  B.  Dyar,  1st  vice-president;  John  B.  Pierce,  2d  vice-president;  Clar- 
ence M.  Woolley,  secretary;  Charles  H.  Hodges,  treasurer;  Clarence  Car- 
penter, Edward  A.  Sumner,  Henry  Bond,  Walter  S.  Russel,  directors.  The 
president,  secretary  and  treasurer  constitute  an  executive  committee  with 
headquarters  at  Chicago,  where  the  entire  business  of  the  company  is 
directed.  A  visit  to  their  large  show-rooms  at  above  address  will  prove  of 
great  interest  to  visitors  coming  to  this  city. 

Andrews,  A.  H.  &  Co.—  Located  at  215-221  Wabash  ave.,  in  the  heart  of  the 
business  center.  One  of  the  largest  commercial  outfitting  establishments 
in  the  woi-ld.  Also  the  leading  school  furnishing  house  of  Chicago.  Here 
may  be  seen  every  possible  design  in  commercial  office  fixtures  of  the 
better  class  in  desks  and  in  furnishings.  The  show-rooms  of  the  house  are 
elegantly  arranged.  The  designs  in  desks  are  in  many  cases  novel  as  well 
as  beautiful.  This  firm  has  furnished  the  fittings  for  some  of  the  leading 
banking  rooms  of  the  city.  The  beautiful  interior  of  the  Union  National 
Bank  was  designed  and  executed  by  A.  H.  Andrews  <fe  Co.  They  will  fur- 
nish the  fittings  of  the  Chemical  Bank  of  Chicago  on  the  World's  Fair 
grounds,  which  is  to  be  located  in  the  Administration  building.  It  is  to  be 
the  most  elegantly  furnished  bank  in  America.  Aside  from  desks  and  out- 
fitting departments  of  this  establishment,  here  are  also  to  be  found 
Andrews'  celebrated  folding  beds,  the  most  popular  in  America.  The 
stranger  is  advised,  by  all  means,  to  visit  A.  H.  Andrews  &  Company's 
house  before  leaving  the  city. 

Architectural  Iron  Works.—  The  immense  demand  during  recent  years 
for  "Architectural  Iron,"  brought  about  by  the  construction  of  what  have 
come  to  be  known  as  •'  Chicagoesque  "  buildings — the  great  steel-framed 
palaces  of  our  business  district — has  developed  wonderfully  a  peculiar 
character  of  foundry  work.  [See  "  Architecture  "  in  introduction  to  this 
volume,  also  "  Buildings."]  Some  of  the  greatest  iron  works  and  foundries 
of  the  country  have  been  kept  busy  during  recent  years  in  meeting  their 
demand.  One  of  the  greatest  of  these  is  the  Architectural  Iron  Works  of 
VIERLING,  MCDOWELL  <fe  Co.,  located  at  Twenty-third  street  and  Stewart  ave- 
nue, on  the  lines  of  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne  <fe  Chicago  and  Western 
Indiana  railroads.  Works  cover  about  two  acres  of  ground.  Have  substan- 
tial buildings  for  foundry,  pattern,  erecting  shops  and  office.  Over  two 
hundred  hands  employed,  and  handle  annually  over  twenty  thousand  tons 
of  pig  iron,  rolled  beams,  etc.  Take  State  street  or  Archer  avenue  car,  or 
Ft.  Wayne  train  at  Union  depot,  or  Western  Indiana  Railroad  at  Dearborn 
station.  Robert  Vierling,  president;  Louis  Viei'ling,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer, and  Alfred  Grossmith,  superintendent. 

Benedict,  Oeo.  H.  tfe  Co.— One  of  the  largest  engraving  firms  in  the 
United  States,  located  at  175  177  Clark  st.  Mr.  Geo.  H.  Benedict  is  the  sole 


GKXEKAL   INFORMATION.  501 

member  of  the  firm  (the  "Co/'  being  nominal)  and  who  gives  his  entire 
attention  to  the  details  of  the  business,  has  had  eighteen  years  experience 
in  the  various  branches  of  t  he  printing,  publishing  and  engraving  business. 
He  is  highly  spoken  of  by  the  trade  generally,  and  has  an  unbroken  record 
for  honesty,  square  dealing  and  success.  Mr.  Benedict  is  a  native  of  New 
York.  He  early  applied  himself  to  a  thorough  acquisition  of  his  trade  in  all 
its  branches,  and  although  still  but  a  young  man,  he  has  gained  for  his 
establishment a  most  enviable  reputation  for  the  artistic  beauty  and  gen- 
eral excellence  of  their  work,  as  well  as  the  prompt  and  reliable  manner  in 
which  they  execute  all  commissions  intrusted  to  them.  He  founded  his 
present  business  in  1886,  and  from  the  start  became  the  recipient  of  a  large, 
influential  and  wide-spread  patronage. 

Calkins,  T.  E.  Engraving  Co. — Among  those  who  have  taken  the  lead 
in  artistic  engraving  none  have  been  more  conspicuously  successful  than 
Mr.  T.  E.  Calkins,  who  began  "business  in  1875  and  now  occupies  commodious 
and  eligible  premises  at  room  24,  142  Dearborn  st.  The  style  of  Calkins  & 
Wackendorf  was  adopted  during  a  short  period,  in  the  year  1888-89,  when 
Mr.  Wackendorf  was  connected  with  the  firm,  but  from  the  inception  to  the 
present  time,  Mr.  Calkins  has  controlled  operations  with  skill  and  enter- 
prise. He  has  equipped  his  studio  with  every  known  appliance  pertaining 
to  the  art,  and  employs  a  staff  of  designers  and  engravers  whose  capacity 
is  shown  in  the  exquisite  work  done.  In  fine  wood-engraving,  whether  por- 
traits, views,  buildings,  vignettes  or  mechanical  pictures,  which  is  the 
leading  specialty,  the  results  achieved  mark  the  highest  advance  of  art. 
Mr.  Calkins  also  executes  designs  for  catalogue  covers,  lettering  for  busi- 
ness stationery,  ornamental  initials,  etc.,  and  promptly  fills  all  orders  for 
photo-engraving,  zinc-etching  and  electrotyping  in  the  most  satisfactory 
manner.  Mr.  Calkins  was  born  in  Michigan,  and  came  to  Chicago  in  1870,  is 
a  member  of  the  Union  League  Club,  and  although  a  young  man  has  earned 
a  high  place  as  a  practical  engraver,  and  a  leader  in  the  production  of 
works  of  high  art. 

Carpenter,  Geo.  B.  &  Co.— Location,  202  and  208  S.  Water  st.  The  business 
of  this  house  was  established  by  George  A.  Robb,  in  1840,  only  three  years 
after  the  incorporation  of  Chicago  as  a  city.  In  1845  Mr.  Payson  was  admitted 
to  the  firm,  and  the  name  was  changed  to  Payson  &  Robb.  Mr.  Payson 
retired  in  1850,  whan  Mr.  Gilbert  Hubbard  entered  the  firm,  the  style  of  which 
was  then  made  Hubbard  &  Robb.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Robb,  in  1857, 
George  B.  Carpenter  became  a  partner  in  the  firm;  Gilbert  Hubbard  &  Co.- 
succeeded,  and  during  twenty-four  years,  to  the  time  of  Mr.  Hubbard's 
death  in  1881,  the  house  advanced  to  its  present  position  in  the  trade,  and 
the  name  became  a  familiar  one  throughout  the  West.  In  January,  1882, 
following  the  death  of  Mr.  Hubbard,  the  business  passed  into  the  hands  of 
the  present  firm,  who  had  been  his  associates  for  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
and  Geo.  B.  Carpenter  <fe  Co.  have  since  cared  for  the  trade  upon  the  same 
principles  as  characterized  the  management  of  the  old  house.  From  1859, 
until  the  great  fire  of  1871,  the  concern  occupied  the  large  iron  front 
building  at  'No.  205  and  207  S.  Water  st.,  immediately  opposite  their  present 
location.  That  was  burned  to  the  ground  on  the  night  of  October  9th 
of  that  memorable  year,  but  before  the  ruins  were  cold  a  tent  was  set 
up,  and  Gilbert  Hubbard  <fe  Co.  resumed  business.  Of  course  the  great  fire 
of  1871  played  havoc  with  Geo.  B.  Carpenter  &  Co.,  as  it  did  with  so  many  of 
Chicago's  business  men.  After  dwelling  in  a  tent  a  short  time  the  business 
occupied  an  old  grain  warehouse  on  Market  st.  until  1875,  when  it  moved  to 
its  present  ample  quarters;  but,  owing  to  the  increase  in  their  business, 
these  quarters  were  found  to  be  insufficient,  so  much  so  that,  in  1887,  they 
erected  their  present  warehouse,  a  six-story  structure  with  a  capacity  of 
two  hundred  car  loads.  A  short  description  of  the  store — they  call  it  a  sample 
room  as  well  as  a  warehouse— would  110  doubt  be  interesting.  In  the  base- 
ment is  a  rigging  i-oom,  as  well  as  an  endless  stock  of  wii*e  rope,  cordage, 
waste,  naval  supplies,  etc.  On  the  main  floor,  besides  counting  and  sales- 
rooms, there  are  cordage  and  ship  chandlery  sundries.  The  second  floor 
contains  the  office  and  rubber  goods,  canvas  and  twines.  The  third  floor, 


503  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

known  as  the  machine  room,  contains  over  forty  of  the  latest  machines  for 
sewing1  canvas.  The  fifth  floor  is  the  sail  loft,  where,  besides  sails,  the 
heavier  canvas  goods  are  made  into  various  articles.  In  the  warehouse  the 
basement  and  main  floors  are  used  for  cordage,  the  second  floor  for  canvas, 
the  third  for  twines,  etc.,  and  the  fifth  for  lumbermen's  tools.  This  is  a  brief 
history  of  the  house.  From  small  beginnings  it  has  reached  its  present 
magnitude  and  is  constantly  winning  respect  as  well  as  growing  in  size  and 
strength.  The  public  is  always  interested  in  knowing  something  about  the 
men  who  are  back  of  a  great  business,  and  who  make  it  "go."  And  how 
accurately  the  business  reflects  the  character  of  the  men  who  are  behind 
it — reputable  business,  honorable  men. 

Chambers,  J.  B.  &  Co.— The  house  of  J.  B.  Chambers  &  Co.  was  estab- 
lished in  1857,  by  Mr.  Jerome  Bonaparte  Chambers,  a  native  of  Connecticut; 
coming  to  Chicago,  however,  from  Ithica,  N.  Y.,  where,  and  in  Elmira,  N.  Y., 
he  had  resided  for  several  years  with  his  family.  Mr.  Chambers  was  pos- 
sessed of  great  versatility  of  talent,  having  a  fine  and  imposing  figure,  an 
unusually  musical  voice,  which  he  could  use  to  good  effect  either  in  "talk- 
ing" on  the  stump  or  in  singing  popular  and,  especially  patriotic  songs,  in 
both  of  which  capacities  he  was  much  sought  for  during  his  residence  in 
New  York  state.  A  man '  'whose  word  was  as  good  as  his  bond,"  he  became 
very  successful  as  an  auctioneer,  in  which  business  he  embarked  in  Chi- 
cago, and  laid  the  foundation  for  the  fortune  which  he  subsequently  acquired. 
Abandoning  the  auction  business,  however,  some  twelve  years  ago,  the  reg- 
ular retail  business  of  their  house  having  reached  such  a  volume  as  to 
occupy  all  their  time  and  space.  As  an  auctioneer  he  was  unrivaled.  Mr. 
Chambers' motto  was :  "Pay  as  you  go,"  and  that  is  still  folio  wed  by  the  firm, 
who  buy  all  goods  for  spot  cash  and  consequently  offer  to  their  patrons  such 
bargains  as  cash  purchases  always  afford.  Mr.  John  A.  Farwell,  now  mana- 
ger of  the  house,  is  a  son-in-law  of  Mr.  Chambers,  and  was  at  one  time  comp- 
troller of  the  city  of  Chicago.  Mr.  Charles  E.  Graves,  who  has  grown  up 
from  boyhood  with  this  house,  and  is  an  excellent  judge  of  all  goods  in 
the  jewelry  line,  does  most  of  the  buying  and  is  considered  a  "diamond 
expert."  Col.  Wm.  B.  Heeler  has  been  with  the  firm  for  some  eighteen  years 
as  salesman,  coming  to  Chicago  from  Iowa,  an  old  friend  of  Mr.  Chambers, 
and  a  salesman  with  whom  it  is  a  pleasure  to  deal,  as  his  large  list  of  cus- 
tomers proves.  His  army  record  presents  no  flaw  and  his"patriotism  has  no 
bounds.  Purchasers  from  this  firm  can  always  rely  upon  statements  made 
as  to  quality  of  goods,  as  satisfaction  is  guaranteed. 

Chicago  Carette  Co.,  The.—  Location  of  offices  and  barns,  144,  146,  148,  150 
and  152  South  Green  st.  (West  side).  This  company  is  cnariered  under  the 
laws  of  Illinois,  with  $100,000  capital.  It  purchased  the  original  carette 
company  and  its  patents,  and  is  now  carrying  passengers  from  Lincoln 
Park  to  the  West  side  via  Rush,  State,  Adams  and  Monroe  sts.  The  new 
company  has  now  running  and  in  course  of  construction  over  fifty  of  these 
beautiful  vehicles,  which  they  will  run  during  the  World's  Fair,  and  will 
serve  not  only  the  Union  depot,  Illinois  Central  and  Michigan  Central 
depots,  but  several  of  the  other  general  passenger  stations.  The  company 
will  charter  their  carettes  to  private  parties  of  from  four  to  twenty-two  per- 
sons on  very  reasonable  terms.  Each  carette  seats  twenty-two  persons 
comfortably.  The  carettes  will  call  for  such  charter  parties  at  their  hotels 
or  residences,  convey  thencTto  the  World's  Fair  grounds  via  Michigan  and 
Grand  blvds.,  'uiere  await  the  pleasure  of  the  parties,  and  bring  them  back 
at  night,  for  a  much  smaller  fare  than  by  any  other  route,  besides  giving 
visitors  the  opportunity  of  viewing  the  magnificent  boulevards  of  Chicago, 
the  finest  in  the  world.  These  carettes  are  also  chartered  for  evening  par- 
ties, theatre  parties,  etc.  The  carette  is  a  newly  patented  vehicle,  which, 
for  strength,  beauty  and  durability,  cannot  be  equaled.  The  carettes  are 
nicely  upholstered,  contain  spring  seats  and  backs  covered  with  Wilton 
carpet.  The  interior  is  finished  with  white  natural  woods,  ash  and  cherry 
being  used  for  doors,  window  frames,  etc.  All  trimmings  are  of  bronze. 
The  style  and  finish  is  in  fact  the  most  improved  street  car  placed  upon  an 
improved  running  gear,  consisting  of  steel  axles  and  springs  made  from 


GENERAL,   INFORMATION".  503 

the  best  oil  tempered  Swede  steel,  allowing1  the  body  of  the  carette  to  hang 
low,  the  step  to  the  platform  being  about  twelve  inches  from  the  ground,  so 
that  passengers  can  get  off  and  on  without  difficulty  on  either  side  of  the 
street.  As  the  carettes  stop  at  the  curb,  passengers  thereby  avoid  the  dis- 
comforts of  muddy  streets  and  the  danger  from  passing  vehicles,  and  do  not 
need  tracks  to  run  on.  By  the  construction  above  described  the  utmost 
comfort  is  secured ;  there  is  no  jolting  and  swaying  so  common  and  annoying 
with  the  omnibus,  and  it  is  free  from  the  jar  of  the  cable  or  street  car. 
Each  carette  is  furnished  with  a  driver  and  a  conductor,  or  guide,  who,  for 
charter  parties,  will  describe  the  route,  take  care  of  wraps  and  parcels, 
reserve  seats,  etc.,  so  that  each  party  can  feel  it  has  its  own  carriage  for  the 
trip  and  can  come  back  to  the  city  without  crowding  or  hanging  on  to  the 
strap  of  a  street  or  railway  car,  avoiding  the  tremendous  rush  that  usually 
occurs  when  going  to  or  returning  from  great  gatherings  at  certain  times 
of  the  morning  or  evening.  Arrangements  will  be  made  in  advance  with 
parties  or  with  hotels,  railroads  or  societies,  church  parties,  etc.,  who  wish 
transportation  from  depots  or  hotels  or  to  the  World's  Fairgrounds,  or  any 
part  of  Chicago,  on  very  reasonable  terms.  Telephone,  main  5338,  or  tele- 
graph, address  "Carette,"  Chicago. 

Chicago  Cottage  Organ  (70.— In  writing  briefly  of  the  many  different 
kinds  of  trade  and  finance  in  Chicago  we  naturally  care  to  mention  only 
large  and  representative  firms  in  each  line.  Turning,  for  instance,  to  the 
department  of  pianos  and  organs,  one  readily  places  the  extensive  music 
house  of  the  Chicago  Cottage  Organ  Co.  at  the  head  of  the  list.  This  com- 
pany was  established  in  1880  and  came  rapidly  to  the  front,  and  now  is  truly 
a  metropolitan  concern  in  its  line.  Its  marked  success  in  a  comparatively 
short  space  of  time  has,  of  course,  been  due  to  the  energy  and  high  class 
business  methods  which  have  marked  the  career  of  the  firm.  That  Chicago 
has  attained  the  first  position  in  the  United  States  in  many  lines  of  business 
is  a  well  known  fact,  but  few  outside  the  piano  and  organ  trade  are  aware 
that  the  World's  Fair  city  has  for  some  years  possessed  the  largest  reed 
organ  factory  in  the  world.  But  so  it  is.  The  plant  of  the  Chicago  Cottage 
Organ  Co.  occupies  a  whole  block  at  the  corner  of  Twenty-second  and 
Paulina  streets,  and  embraces  three  immense  buildings,  besides  drying 
kilns,  small  buildings,  lumber  yards,  etc.  The  factory  has  several  acres  of 
floorage  and  gives  employment  to  hundreds  of  workmen,  who  turn  out  more 
than  18,000  organs  per  year.  To  dispose  of  these  instruments  require  fifteen 
to  twenty  salesmen  and  twice  as  many  office  employes,  besides  the  regular 
officers  of  the  company.  Already  nearly  150,000  of  the  Chicago  Cottage 
organs  have  been  sold,  and  the  demand  is  increasing  each  year.  This  sur- 
passes all  previous  records  in  manufacturingreed  organs,  and  shows  quite 
conclusively  that  these  Chicago  Cottage  Organs  are  the  best  in  the  market. 
No  trouble,  pains  or  expense  is  spared  to  make  them  so.  To  produce  these 
organs  requires  more  than  one  hundred  different  kinds  of  machinery — many 
of  which  are  of  special  design  and  construction.  In  addition  to  manufact- 
uring the  best  organs  in  the  world  the  Chicago  Cottage  Organ  Company  pur- 
chased the  "Conover"  piano  factory  in  New  York  (for  cash)  in  January, 
1892,  and  at  once  removed  the  same  to  Chicago,  and  are  now  receiving  from 
their  factory  in  Chicago  five  Conover  pianos  each  day,  thirty  Conover 
pianos  each  week  and  1,560  of  these  famous  pianos  the  first  year.  This  is  an 
unparalleled  success  in  the  production  of  a  strictly  high  grade  piano.  They 
also  purchase  and  pay  for  more  medium  grade  pianos  direct  from  the  manu- 
facturers than  any  other  firm  in  the  United  States.  Their  list  of  pianos  is 
one  of  the  best  handled  by  any  music  house  in  Chicago,  and  embraces 
instruments  to  suit  every  fancy  and  every  pocket-book.  It  would  be  impos- 
sible to  add  anything  to  its  completeness.  Their  elegant  and  modern 
wholesale  and  retail  warerooms  are  located  at  215  Wabash  ave.,  second  floor, 
in  the  very  heart  of  the  music  center,  and  one  of  the  most  fashionable 
thoroughfares  of  the  great  World's  Fair  city.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  add 
that  the  commercial  and  financial  standing  of  the  firm  is  very  much  of  the 
grade  of  a  National  bank.  The  members  are  well  known  in  Chicago  and 
Nevv  York  social  circles  as  honorable,  straightforward  citizens  and  busi- 


504  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO* 

ness  men.  They  are  full  of  energy,  ambition  and  enterprise,  in  which  they 
have  already  been  most  liberally  rewarded  by  their  present  high  standing 
in  the  financial  world  and  the  good  estimation  of  the  whole  community. 

Chicago  Rawhide  Manufacturing  Company,  The.—  Established  in  1878,  and 
was  incorporated  in  March  following.  Its  business  is  the  manufacture  of 
rawhide  belting,  lace  leather,  rope  and  other  rawhide  goods  of  all  kinds. 
Tne  process  by  which  it  manufactures  its  leather  is  known  as  the  KRUEGER 
patent,  of  which  the  company  is  the  sole  owner.  They  also  control  a  large 
number  of  other  patents,  necessary  to  the  business.  The  company  first 
commenced  the  manufacture  of  its  goods  at  38  and  40  W.  Monroe  st.  Their 
goods  immediately  found  favor  in  the  market,  and  in  a  short  time  the  busi- 
ness outgrew  the  space  occupied  at  the  above  location.  In  November,  1882, 
it  removed  to  its  present  location,  75  and  77  E.  Ohio  st.,  into  a  buildingSOxlOO 
feet,  five  stories,  prepared  especially  for  their  use.  Two  years  ago  an  addi- 
tion of  two  stories  was  made  to  the  building.  They  now  employ  a  large 
number  of  workmen,  and  business  is  constantly  on  the  increase.  All  goods 
manufactured  are  of  the  best  quality,  and  their  reputation  is  known  all 
over  the  world.  Their  trade  covers  the  whole  country,  as  well  as  many  for- 
eign countries.  They  have  recently  added  the  manufacture  of  rawhide 
hydraulic  packing  to  their  already  extensive  line  of  manufacture,  and 
have  been  for  many  years  making  rawhide  pinion  and  gears,  that  for 
results  are  unequaled  by  anything  in  the  market.  These  pinions  are  noise- 
less, and  wear  better  than  steel.  In  the  manufacture  of  their  goods,  nothing 
but  the  best  native  hides  are  used,  and  very  great  care  is  taken  to  produce 
the  best  goods  that  can  be  made.  The  present  officers  of  the  company  are : 
W.  H.  Emery,  president;  W.  H.  Preble,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  A.  B. 
Spurling,  vice-president.  These  gentlemen  are  'ill  well  known,  of  business 
ability,  and  thoroughly  understand  their  business.  The  company  has  the 
reputation  of  square  and  honest  dealings  in  all  respects,  and  can  be  relied 
upon  as  being  one  of  our  best  business  houses. 

Chicago  and  Aurora  Smelting  and  Refining  Company. — A  great  and  dis- 
tinctly representative  concern  whose  scope  of  activity  embraces  everything 
in  connection  with  the  working  of  lead,  silver  and  gold  ores  and  whose  trade 
extends  over  the  entire  country,  also  into  Mexico  and  Canada.  The  officers 
of  the  company  are :  J.  B.  Arnold,  president ;  Wm.  H.  Van  Arsdale,  vice-presi- 
dent; H.I.  Higgins,  second  vice-president;  H.  H.  DeLoss,  treasurer;  Jno. 
A.  Knapp,  secretary;  E.  F.  Eurich,  manager.  The  general  offices  of  the 
com  cany  are  located  in  The  Temple,  184  La  Salle  st.  Their  works,  compris- 
ing three  large  plants,  are  situated  at  Fortieth  and  Clark  sts.,  Chicago;  at 
Aurora,  Illinois,  and  at  Leadville,  Colorado.  The  company  transacts  an 
extensive  business  in  the  purchase  of  ores  and  bullion,  also  in  the  refining 
of  jewelers'  sweepings,  gold  and  silver  scrap,  and  residues  containing  gold 
or  silver.  They  are  general  dealers  in  lead  and  their  brands  of  "  Aurora," 
"  Aurora  Refined "  and  "Chicago  "  are  well  known  to  consumers  of  this 
metal.  They  are  among  the  largest  producers  of  blue  vitriol  (sulphate  of 
copper)  in  the  world,  their  product  amounting  to  over  1,000,000  pounds 
annually.  The  value  of  gold,  silver,  lead  and  blue  vitriol  produced  by  the 
company  during  the  year  of  1892  exceeded  $15,000,000.  Their  sales  of  fine  gold 
and  silver  for  use  in  the  arts  and  sciences  is  a  branch  of  their  business  which 
has  increased  enormously  in  the  past  few  years,  they  being  the  only  con- 
cern west  of  New  York  city  who  make  a  specialty  of  supplying  fine  gold  and 
silver  to  electroplaters,  jewelers,  silversmiths,  etc.  The  company  has  a 
capital  of  $2,000,000  and  its  operations  are  guided  by  men  of  wide  experience, 
thoroughly  conversant  with  both  the  scientific  and  practical  details  of  the 
business. 

Columbus  Buggy  Company. — The  city  of  Columbus  has  attained  special 
prominence  as  a  manufacturing  center,  and  foremost  among  its  important 
enterprises  is  that  of  the  Columbus  Buggy  Company,  whose  reputation  for 
high  grade  vehicles  is  unrivaled,  not  only  in  the  United  States,  but  through- 
out the  civilized  world.  Theirs  is  the  largest  factory  producing  light 
business  and  pleasure  vehicles  in  the  world.  This  result  has  been  attained 
by  strict  adherence  to  the  policy  of  making  only  fine  and  perfectly  reliable 


506  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

vehicles,  latest  in  style,  symmetrical  in  proportion,  commodious  in  size,  lux- 
urious in  trimming-,  beautiful  in  painting,  light  in  draught,  durable  in  con- 
struction,  in  the  production  of  which  a  vast  quantity  of  costly  and  intricate 
machinery  is  used,  reducing  to  a  minimum  the  cost  of  production,  by  means 
of  which  these  celebrated  vehicles  are  furnished  at  exceedingly  low  prices, 
within  the  reach  of  all.  The  Columbus  Buggy  Company  was  instituted  in 
1875,  by  Geo.  M.  Peters,  Clinton  D.  Firestone  and  Oscar  G.  Peters,  who  still 
own  and  control  the  business.  The  enterprise  and  progressive  methods  of 
these  gentlemen  have  resulted  in  the  immense  business  and  the  production 
of  the  finest  line  of  vehicles  furnished  to  the  public  at  prices  lower  than  any 
others  can  give  who  build  work  approaching  theirs  in  quality.  The  Col- 
umbus Buggy  Company,  in  order  to  successfully  prosecxite  their  business, 
have  found  it  necessary  to  establish  several  branch  houses,  which  are 
located  at  Chicago,  111. ;  Detroit,  Mich. ;  Kansas  City,  Mo. ;  Omaha,  Neb. ;  Des 
Moines,  Iowa;  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  and  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Cooper,  H.  N.  &  Co.— In  or-.r  mention  of  noteworthy  firms  and  individ- 
uals a  distinctly  prominent  place  must  be  accorded  to  Messrs.  H.  N.  Cooper 
&  Co.,  for  this  firm  stands  in  the  front  rank  of  responsible  houses  in  the 
development  and  sale  of  first-class  city  and  suburban  residence  property. 
They  have  taken  an  important  part  in  reclaiming  and  improving  that  por- 
tion of  the  lake  front  bounded  by  Pearson  st.  on  the  south,  Pine  st.  on  the 
west,  and  the  proposed  extension  of  Lincoln  Park  and  the  Lake  Shore  drive 
on  the  north  and  east.  They  are  now  agents  for  the  sale  of  residence  lots 
in  this  tract,  which,  with  its  projected  improvements,  and  the  building 
restrictions  which  will  be  placed  upon  it,  will  be  the  finest  residence  prop- 
erty in  the  city.  They  have  also  large  holdings  in  Chicago's  most  elegant 
residence  suburb,  La  Grange.  This  property  they  are  improving  by  build, 
ing  upon  it  elegant,  modern  cottages,  costing  from  $3,000  to  $10,000  each- 
Their  offices  are  suite  1112-14,  100  Washington  st.,  Chicago,  and  Fifth  ave., 
La  Grange. 

Cripple  Creek  Mining  Co.,  The.—  Mining  has  again  taken  its  place  as  one 
of  the  leading  industries  of  the  country,  and  capital  is  once  more  flocking 
totheWtst,  looking  for  investments  of  this  class.  This  state  of  affairs 
naturally  develops  more  property,  and  during  the  last  year  Colorado  has 
been  the  scene  of  more  activity  in  the  opening  and  development  of  its  mines. 
All  the  old  camps  are  doing  a  little  better,  and  several  new  ones  have 
claimed  the  attention  of  mining  men.  First  came  Creede,  a  noted  silver 
camp,  which  developed  in  a  short  time  three  or  four  of  the  best  silver  mines 
in  Colorado.  Next  came  Cripple  Creek,  at  the  foot  of  Pike's  Peak,  and  laid 
claim  to  the  first  place  as  a  gold  producer  in  Colorado,  and  from  present  in- 
dications it  will  retain  this  rank,  not  only  in  Colorado,  but  in  the  United 
States.  While  speaking  of  Cripple  Creek  it  might  be  well  to  note  that,  first, 
it  is  exclusively  a  gold  camp,  very  little  silver  being  found  anywhere  within 
its  region.  It  was  only  discovered  in  the  spring  of  1891  and  up  to  November 
of  that  year  it  had  a  population  of  but  200.  January,  1893,  gives  them  a 
population  of  something  like  15,000  people,  permanent  residents;  a  flour- 
ishing city  of  5,000  people ;  large,  magnificent  hotels,  business  houses  and 
electric  light.  Two  railroads  are  building  into  the  camp,  one  over  the  Mid- 
land route,  which  is  now  practically  completed,  and  the  other  from  Florence. 
This  has  all  tended  to  claim  the  attention  of  investors  all  over  the  United 
States  to  the  wonderful  camp  of  Cripple  Creek.  Within  the  last  twelve 
months  it  has  developed  something  like  forty  shipping  mines,  and  with  the 
advent  of  the  railroad  this  number  will  probably  be  increased  to  150.  It 
will  then  not  only  stand  first  place  as  a  gold  camp  but  first  place  among  all 
mineral  camps. 

Some  of  the  mines  of  this  camp  have  a  wonderful  history.  The  Gold  King 
was  owned  by  a  man  who  conceived  the  idea  that  he  would  rather  be  in  pos- 
session of  an  ordinai'y  plug  horse,  and  conseqiiently  exchanged  his  claim 
for  the  horse.  So  far  as  heard  frpm  the  hoi-se  has  not  increased  very  much 
in  value,  but  the  mine  has  run  up  to  $1,000,000.  The  Anaconda  property  was 
offered  for  $500  when  it  was  a  bare  claim;  now  it  has  a  capitalization  of 
$5,000,000, with  stock  advancing  every  day  and  will  probably  be  at  par  before 


508  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

long.  The  Chicago-Cripple  Creek  Gold  Mining  Co.,  whose  property  is  proba- 
bly the  best  located  in  the  camp,  and  whose  value  is  conceded  to  stand  well 
to  the  front,  if  not  first,  have  developed  all  their  property  within  the  last  ten 
months.  It  is  wonderful  what  a  change  can  be  made  in  that  time.  The  last 
mentioned  property  was  nothing  but  a  bare  prospect  ten  months  ago,  while 
now  it  is  a  magnificent  mine.  A  large  tunnel — big  enough  for  two  rail- 
road tracks  — extends  into  the  hill  something  over  500  feet.  Numerous 
large  bodies  of  ore  have  been  uncovered,  and  still  they  are  reaching  into 
the  depth  of  the  hill  for  more,  with  every  indication  of  success  The  officers 
of  this  company  are  mostly  Chicago  people  and  are  men  of  high  business 
standing,which  fact  has  tended  to  give  them  an  advantage  over  most  others. 
Their  office  is  at  416  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Chicago,  111.  The  Mollie  Gibson 
mine  is  another  property  in  Colorado  that  has  given  great  returns  on  the 
investment,  stock  going  from  five  cents  a  share  to  as  high  as  $12,  and  fifteen 
cents  a  share  has  been  paid  every  month  as  dividends.  The  Bassick  mine 
is  another  property  with  quite  a  history.  It  was  discovered  by  Mr.  Bassick 
eight  or  nine  years  ago,  and  he  did  not  have  enough  money  to  pay  the 
assay  test,  $1,  but  during  the  year  he  took  out  a  half  million  dollars  in  gold 
and  at  the  end  of  the  year  sold  the  mine  for  another  half  million  cash.  The 
parties  to  whom  the  Bassick  was  sold  took  out  a  million  and  a  half  the  next 
year,  and  then  they  got  into  litigation  and  the  mine  has  been  tied  up  since 
then  until  a  few  days  ago'.  A  syndicate,  headed  by  Hon.  Warner  Miller,  of 
New  York,  has  now  taken  charge  and  no  doubt  it  will  prove  to  be  equal 
to  what  it  was  in  the  past.  It  is  noticeable  that  there  is  a  greater  number 
of  conservative  business  men  quietly  taking  large  interests  in  mining  prop- 
erty than  was  to  be  seen  ten  years  ago.  The  large  amount  of  gold  taken  out 
of  California  in  '49  and  '50  was  the  means  of  making  gold  at  a  discount  for 
the  first  time,  and  it  is  asserted  with  many  grounds  for  belief  that  the  out- 
put of  Cripple  Creek  will  be  the  means  of  equalizing  the  values  of  gold  and 
silver. 

Cronkrite  &  .Co.,  B.  F. — Probably  no  firm  in  the  city  of  Chicago  have  more 
to  do  with  developing  that  section  of  the  South  side,  known  as  northern  Hyde 
Park,  than  the  firm  of  B.  F.  Cronkrite  &Co  .They  have  purchased,  improved 
and  marketed  for  themselves,  during  the  past  four  or  five  years,  a  block 
between  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  sts.,  Ellis  and  Lake  aves., known  as 
the  Reform  School  property,  which  to-day  is  covered  with  some  of  the  best 
improvements  on  the  South  side,  the  deal  altogether  aggregating  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  dollars;  a  block  between  Forty -third  and  Forty-fourth  sts., 
St.  Lawrence  and  Vincennes  aves.,  known  as  B.  F.  Cronkrite  &  Co's.  sub- 
division, which  is  likewise  covered  with  first-class  improvements,  represent- 
ing in  land  and  improvements  several  hundred  thousand  dollars;  a  block 
between  Seventy-sixth  and  Seventy -seventh  sts.,  Stony  Island  and  Jefferson 
aves.,  known  as  the  Oakland  subdivision,  which  to-day  is  covered  with  im- 
provements. This  property  was  handled  by  the  firm  for  a  syndicate,  the 
investors  receiving  from  this  transaction  313  per  cent  net  profits;  probably 
the  largest  profit  realized  from  any  land  transaction  on  the  South  side.  That 
magnificent  block  of  property  at  the  entrance  of  Washington  Park,  fronting 
the  Drexel  Fountain  lying  bet  ween  Fifty-first  and  Fifty-second  sts.,  was  sold 
and  handled  by  this  firm,  and  will  realize  the  owner  an  enormous  profit.  The 
above  are  but  a  few  samples  of  their  transactions  in  Hyde  Park,  where  they 
have  also  handled  large  quantities  of  choice  frontages  on  the  boulevards, 
and  best  residence  and  business  streets,  notably  in  the  Forty-third  st.  dis- 
trict. Neither  have  they  confined  their  operations  to  this  district,  for  at 
Longwood,  at  the  north  end  of  the  famous  Blue  Island  Ridge,  they  have  ex- 
pended large  amounts  in  street  improvements  and  buildings  in  what  is  known 
as  the  Forest  Ridge  subdivision,  recognized  as  one  of  the  finest  pieces  of 
property  in  the  southwestern  district,  and  at  Western  Springs  and  La  Grange 
they  have  handled  hundreds  of  acres  of  the  finest  property  on  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  R.  R.  They  have  established  the  Bryn  Maur  station  mid- 
way between  the  above  named  points,  where  active  operations  are  now  in 
progress.  The  firm  also  transacts-a  general  business  in  insurance,  represent- 
ing nine  of  the  best  insurance  companies  on  earth  from  their  Forty-third  st. 
office,  and  through  their  renting  department  handling  a  larger  list  of  bus- 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  509 

iness  and  apartment  buildings,  houses,  flats,  etc.,  than  any  other  agency. 
They  also  do  a  large  loan  business.  The  Drexel  Building  and  Loan  Associa- 
tion, which  was  organized  by  Mr.  Cronkrite,  and  which  is  one  of  the  best  in 
the  city,  being  located  in  their  South  Side  office.  In  the  above  lines  this  firm 
holds  a  leading  position  among  the  real  estate  men  of  the  city,  and  will  give 
prompt  and  faithful  attention  to  any  business  entrusted  to  them.  They 
respectfully  solicit  your  trade  and  correspondence. 

"  Crown  "  Pianos  and  Organs. — The  "  Crown  "  pianos  and  organs,  manu- 
factured by  George  P.  Bent,  323  to  333  South  Canal  St.,  Chicago,  have  won 
their  way  into  popularity  rapidly  and  are  regarded  among  the  higher  class 
of  performers  and  experts  as  being  superior  instruments  in  tone,  touch  and 
general  high  quality  of  workmanship  throughout.  The  factory  is  one  of 
the  largest  among  the  great  industries  of  Chicago,  employing  over  250 
skilled  mechanics  and  artisans.  The  annual  production  amounts  to  7,000 
organs  and  upward  of  1,000  pianos,  which  find  a  ready  market  throughout 
the  whole  country,  many  of  the  goods  going  into  the  extreme  East.  Mr. 
Bent  produces  sixty-four  distinct  styles  of  the  "Crown"  organs  and  thirty- 
two  distinct  styles  of  pianos.  Three  new  styles  of  organ  cases  have  just 
been  put  on  the  market,  and  four  new  styles  and  scales  of  pianos.  In  the 
pianos  the  very  heaviest  full  iron  plates  are  used  in  all  the  various  styles. 
The  new  scales  are  of  recent  design  and  embody  all  recent  improvements. 
In  the  manufacture  of  these  organs  and  pianos  the  first  object  sought  to  be 
attained  is  the  very  best  quality  of  tone  and  touch  possible  to  produce. 
The  second  object  is  to  provide  ornamental  and  tasty  cases  which  will 
please  the  eye  and  which  will  find  a  ready  sale  to  a  discriminating  public. 
The  very  best  materials,  as  well  as  the  most  handsome  that  money  will  buy, 
are  used  in  their  construction  throughout.  They  are  built  with  the  idea  that 
"the  best  is  the  cheapest,"  and  that  "the  best  is  none  too  good!"  Mr. 
Bent's  business  was  established  in  1870,  and  its  steady  and  constant  growth 
is  a  substantial  evidence  that  his  goods  meet  with  the  approval  of  trade 
and  public. 

Culver,  Belden  ^.—Located  59  Dearborn  st.,  Real  Estate  Board  build- 
ing. An  old  established  real  estate  agency.  General  real  estate  trans- 
actions; choice  North  Shore  residence  property  a  particular  specialty.  Mr. 
Culver's  personal  attention  is  given  to  the  best  interests  of  his  clients. 
Strangers  and  residents  seeking  investments  in  Chicago  or  Chicago  sub- 
urban realty  will  find  it  to  their  interests  to  confer  with  him.  As  to  the 
reliability,  conscientious  devotion  of  his  time  and  efforts  to  the  interest  of 
those  who  see  fit  to  emyloy  his  services,  one  has  only  to  refer  to  the  leading 
bankers  of  Chicago,  or  to  those  who  have  done  or  are  doing  business  with 
him. 

Cummins,  B.  F.  &  Co.— Originally  incorporated  as  the  Hill  Manufactur- 
ing Co.,  in  1887.  Location,  232  and  234  S.  Clinton  st.  Manufacturers  of  check 
perforators  and  perforating  ticket  daters,  ingenious  devices  for  the  protec- 
tion of  commerce  against  dishonesty  of  every  description,  or  more  particu- 
larly against  that  class  of  criminals  known  as  "check  raisers"  and 
"  forgers."  In  order  to  illustrate  the  necessity  for  such  devices,  it  should 
be  stated  at  the  outset  that  thousands  of  check  perforators  are  now  in  use 
in  this  country.  Catalogues,  price  lists,  etc.,  with  reference  to  these  ingen- 
ious and  invaluable  devices  for  the  protection  of  business  men  will  be  sent, 
by  making  application  to  the  B.  F.  Cummins  Co.,  232  and  234  S.  Clinlon  St.,  or 
83  Nassau  st.,  New  York. 

Curry,  Charles.— Reference  is  made  in  the  body  of  this  guide  to  the 
news  stand  conducted  by  Charles  Curry.  The  stranger  will  find  here  every 
thing  in  the  nature  of  first-class  current  literature,  works  of  fiction,  guide 
books,  the  illustrated  weeklies,  etc.,  that  he  may  want.  Mr.  Curry's  place 
011  Madison  st.  near  Fifth  ave.,  as  well  as  his  magnificent  store  in  the 
Central  Music  Hall  building,  are  well  patronized. 

Davis  &  Rankin  Building  and  Manufacturing  Company. — Location  of 
offices  and  warerooms  240  W.  Lake  st.  To'  the  city  of  Chicago  belongs  the 
credit  of  being  the  largest  and  most  important  dairy  market  in  the  universe 
and  it  is  also  entitled  to  the  distinction  of  having  within  its  limits  the  most 


510  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

extensive  establishment  in  the  known  world  for  the  manufacture  of  dairy 
and  creamery  machinery,  apparatus  and  supplies.  "Stately  oaks  from 
little  acorns  grow,"  a  trite  saying,  entirely  applicable  in  the  case  we  desire 
to  present.  Some  fifteen  years  or  more  ago  a  modest  office  was  erected  in 
an  obscure  Wisconsin  village  to  introduce  a  new  setting  can  and  air  the 
co-operative  notions  of  its  projectors.  From  this  has  grown  the  imposing 
block  at  the  corner  of  Peoria  and  Lake  sts.,  in  the  World's  Fair  metropolis, 
built,  owned  and  occupied  by  the  Davis  &  Rankin  Building  and  Manufactur- 
ing Company.  The  advent  of  the  Fairlamb  system  in  the  dairy  world  was 
the  beginning  of  a  peaceful  and  far-reaching  revolution  in  methods.  It 
marks  an  eventful  period  of  dairy  history  in  the  United  States.  With  the 
increasing  production  of  dairy  herds,  nurtured  by  intelligent  care  and 
greater  attention  to  proper  feeding  among  the  intelligent  dairymen  of  the 
country,  the  average  receipts  of  milk  at  creameries  kept  growing  gradually, 
and  the  imperative  necessity  of  a  centrifugal  separator  of  extreme  sim- 
plicity and  abundant  capacity  was  thus  brought  to  the  front.  Labor  and 
fuel  representing  the  inevitable  items  of  expense  in  the  operation  of  a 
creamery,  and  competition  being  directed  toward  means  of  decreasing 
cost  in  order  to  insure  greater  profits  while  adding  to  quality  of  the  product, . 
the  services  of  the  machinery  manufacturers  were  called  into  play  to  devise 
more  serviceable  and  labor-saving  implements.  Thus  the  improved  Alex- 
andra Jumbo  Cream  Separator  was  called  into  requisition  from  the  actual 
necessities  of  the  trade ;  and  the  firm  whose  originators  were  the  first  to 
recognize  the  immense  benefits  to  accrue  to  the  dairymen  from  systematic 
concentration  of  uniform  raw  material,  again  planted  the  second  mile  stone 
on  the  road  of  dairy  progress.  Profit  in  the  dairyman's  work  is  the  ultimate 
desideratum,  and  apparatus  which  will  secure  the  most  work  and  the  best 
work  at  the  least  expense,  assisting  the  skillful  man  to  attain  a  greater 
degree  of  superiority  for  his  products,  is  alone  to  be  sought  for.  An  active 
market  always  exists  for  gilt-edged  goods,  and  efficiency  in  producing  such, 
inures  to  the  lasting  benefit  of  milk  producers  and  creamerymen.  Proving 
their  faith  by  their  works,  and  imbued  with  the  desire  to  do  "everything 
well  or  not  at  all,"  the  Davis  &  Rankin  Building  and  Manufacturing 
Company  has  gradually  added  line  after  line,  until  their  stately  build- 
ing -is  almost  entirely  filled  with  men  and  machines,  and  the  plant 
covers  over  three  acres  of  floor  space.  There  exists  no  other  firm 
in  this  or  any  other  country,  whose  business  covers  the  whole  life 
of  a  butter  and  cheese  factory,  from  its  conception  and  organization  to 
its  operation;  there  is  no  other  firm  ranking  with  it,  both  in  the  magnitude 
of  its  business  and  the  high  mechanical  and  desirable  quality  of  its  work. 
To  persons  unfamiliar  with  the  work  of  such  a  modern  dairy  and  creamery 
supply  factory,  its  processes  are  fascinating.  They  cannot,  perhaps,  under- 
stand the  niceties  of  invention  gathered  about  the  transformation  of 
unshapely  material  into  fitting  forms  and  shapes,  but  they  can  follow  every 
piece  from  the  casting,  the  log  or  the  block,  slowly  going  through  various 
stages,  until  elaborate  and  perfect  machines,  tools  and  most  ingenious 
implements  are  entirely  finished.  In  such  an  establishment,  the  processes 
in  use  are  marvelous ;  for  with  a  display  of  enterprise  of  the  truly  Ameri- 
can variety,  keeping  abreast  of  the  times  in  everything  that  pertains  to 
mechanical  excellence,  its  management  has  been  one  of  the  best  patrons  of 
new  inventions  for  the  perfecting  of  its  work,  ever  on  the  alert  for  the  best 
talent  and  most  approved  machinery.  The  employes  of  the  Davis  <fe  Rankin 
Building  and  Manufacturing  Company  number  over  six  hundred  persons 
(less  than  a  dozen  being  women  and  boys),  who  are  all  skilled  and  proficient 
in  their  various  lines.  All  classes  of  visitors  to  the  World's  Fair  city  will 
find  much  to  interest  them  in  this  great  establishment,  but  the  thousands 
of  persons  who  are  interested  in  the  dairy  business — a  business  that  Ameri- 
can ingenuity  has  reduced  to  a  science,  will  find  it  incumbent  upon  them  to 
enquire  into  the  processes  which  the  Davis  &  Rankin  Building  and  Manu- 
facturing Co.  has  developed.  Take  W.  Lake  st.  cars  to  Peoria  st. 

Deering.  William  &   CoSs  Harvesting  Works.—  These  immense  works,  a 
bird's  eye  view  of  which  appears  opposite,  are  sitiiated  in  the  northwest 


5 


>  ^ 
DC 


513  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

part  of  the  city.  They  occupy  fifty-one  acres  of  ground  between  the  east 
bank  of  the  north  branch  of  the  Chicago  river  and  Clybourn  ave.,  from 
Fullerton  ave.,  one-half  mile  northward.  A  visitor  may  reach  the  works  by 
train  on  the  North- Western  railway  to  Deering  station,  which  is  only  a 
stone's  throw  from  the  office  of  William  Deering  &  Co.,  or  by  means  of  the 
Clybourn  ave.,  cable  line.  The  Deei-ing  Works  is  the  largest  plant  in  the 
world  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  harvesting  and  mowing  machinery 
and  binder  twine.  Between  3,000  and  4,000  workmen  are  employed  here  in 
the  manufacture  of  grain  and  grass-cutting  machinery  direct  .from  the  raw- 
materials.  Here  the  reliable  line  of  steel  harvesting  machinery,  which  has 
done  so  much  to  advance  the  agriculture  of  the  world,  is  turned  out  in 
quantities  which  must  appear  .well-nigh  incredible  to  the  general  mind.  In 
the  year  1892,  alone,  20,000  tons'of  steel,  23,000  tons  of  pig-iron,  31,000  tons  of 
coal,  6,000  tons  of  coke,  were  consumed  in  the  manufacture  of  machinery; 
10,000,000  feet  of  hardwood  lumber,  or  1,250  car  loads  were  used  in  the  man- 
ufactiire  of  the  few  minor  parts  of  the  harvesters  which  are  made  of  wood. 
It  required  6,000,000  feet  of  pine  lumber,  600  car-loads  or  twenty-four  ship- 
loads, to  crate  the  machines  made  in  1892.  If  the  cotton  duck  canvas,  used 
on  the  platforms  and  elevators  of  the  binders  made  in  1892,  was  stretched 
out,  it  would  make  a  strip  three  feet  wide  by  452  miles  in  length,  or  a  total 
surf  ace  measurement  of  7,364,680  square  feet. 

Specifically,  the  machines  made  by  Win.  Deering  &  Co.  are  "The  Deer- 
ing  Improved  Steel  Harvester  and  Binder;"  "The  New  Deering  Mower;" 
"  Deering  Giant  Mower;"  "Deering  Junior  Giant  Mower,"  "The  Deering 
One-horse  Mower,"  and  "The  Deering  Light  Reaper."  The  present  perfec- 
tion of  these  machines  is  due  to  the  tireless  labor  of  a  large  corps  of  me- 
chanical experts,  whose  time  is  devoted  entirely  to  experimental  work  in 
shop  and  field.  Some  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the  Deering  plant  can  be 
gained  when  it  is  stated  that  it  can  turn  out  one  complete  machine  for 
every  minute  of  every  hour  of  the  day. 

Ever  since  the  first  Deering  machine  was  made  in  the  little  factory  at 
Piano,  many  years  ago,  William  Deering  &  Co.  have  made  it  their  chief  aim  to 
manufacture  machines  that  would  outlast  all  competitors,  and  dp  perfect 
work  while  they  lasted. 

The  firm  is,  and  has  always  been,  an  extensive  advertiser,  and  its  pecu- 
liar method  is  what  might  be  called  an  educational  one.  The  millions  of 
pounds  of  literature  spread  broadcast  over  the  country  have  all  talked 
mechanism.  Not  content  with  bluntly  asserting  the  superiority  of  the  Deer- 
ing binders  and  mowers,  William  Deering  &  Co.  have  invariably  explained 
why  the  machines  made  by  them  excelled,  by  giving  a  thorough  explanation 
of  the  mechanical  principles  involved  in  every  part.  They  went  on  the 
principle  that  the  farmer  was  a  careful  buyer  and  a  good  deal  of  a  mechanic. 
By  making  machines  in  the  first  place  that  would  stand  scientific  study,  and 
by  explaining  all  their  mechanical  excellencies  to  prospective  buyers  in  a 
mechanical  way,  William  Deering  &  Co.  have  built  up  a  business  surpassing 
that  of  any  competitor.  The  belief  that  the  farmer  was  a  good  mechanic 
and  a  keen  reasoner,  led  this  firm  to  use  the  best  materials  obtainable  and 
to  follow  the  most  approved  mechanical  principles,  regardless  of  cost. 
Strength  and  capacity  were  two  essential  features  kept  always  in  mind  in 
.  the  manufacture  of  machines,  and  to  gain  these,  the  parts  that  bore  the 
greatest  strain,  or  received  the  greatest  wear,  were  made  stronger  than 
those  of  competing  makes.  The  machines,  from  top  to  bottom,  were  made 
to  do  work,  and  not  merely  to  look  .well  in  the  salesroom. 

To  make  machines  of  light  draft  that  would  save  the  horses  has,  from 
the  first,  been  another  aim  with  this  firm.  The  crusade  against  cruelty  to 
horses,  carried  on  by  William  Deering  &  Co.,  has  brought  the  farmers  to  a 
point  where  they  demand  from  manufacturers  machines  that  will  pull  easily, 
and  insist  that  in  every  way  the  life  and  comfort  of  the  most  faithful  and 
necessary  of  man's  servants  be  kept  constantly  in  mind.  William  Deering 
&  Co.  claim  that  they  have  met  this  demand,  and  substantiate  their  claim 
with  a  clear  explanation  of  the  mechanical  principles  involved. 


514  GUIDE   TO   CHICAOO. 

In  1856  the  Marsh  Brothers  invented  the  first  practical  harvester.  Up  to 
that  time  the  grain  had  been  cut  by  primitive  reaping  machines,  such  as 
the  Manny— far  inferior  to  our  present  mowers— and  thrown  loose  to  the 
ground.  The  Marsh  Brothers  invented  a  machine  which  elevated  the  grain 
by  means  of  canvas  elevators  over  the  main  wheel  to  a  platform  to  one  side, 
where  it  was  bound  by  two  men  who  rode  on  the  machine.  William  Deer- 
ing's  attention  was  called  to  the  new  invention;  he  at  once  saw  its  great 
value,  and,  starting  with  a  small  factory  at  Piano,  111.,  directed  his  remark- 
able energy  to  the  manufacture  and  general  introduction  of  the  new 
machine.  The  old  reaper  companies  at  first  ridiculed  this  innovation,  but 
as  soon  as  the  patent  had  expired  adopted  the  "A"  elevator  frame  and 
elevator  canvasses  once  so  heartily  denounced  by  them.  The  Marsh  har- 
vester, first  given  to  the  world  by  William  Deering,  now  forms  the  basis  of 
every  self-binding  harvester  made. 

As  the  world  well  knows,  William  Deering  was  the  manufacturer  of  the 
first  twine  binding  harvester  that  ever  cut  and  bound  grain.  This  important 
event  in  American  history  took  place  ill  1879,  at  the  little  town  of  Piano,  111. 
This  invention  should  be  ranked,  in  view  of  its  importance  to  civilization 
and  American  supremacy,  with  Fulton's  steamboat  or  Morse's  telegraph. 
Without  the  twine  binder  America  would  not  have  been,  as  it  now  is,  the 
first  agricultural  power  of  the  world. 

The  ten  years  following  the  close  of  the  Civil  war  were  marked  by  a, 
great  emigration  westward.  Farms  multiplied,  and,  thanks  to  the  Deering 
hand-binding  harvester,  crops  could  be  cut  with  comparative  ease  and  at 
a  profit.  But  binding  by  hand  was  slow  work  and  the  owners  of  large 
crops  could  not  keep  up  with  the  ripening  process.  Some  labor-sav- 
ing device  for  binding  was  a  crying  necessity.  Such  a  machine  was 
finally  built  by  Wm.  Deering  in  1879,  as  mentioned  above.  Though  this  first 
knot-tying  deviee  was  clumsy  and  complicated  compared  with  the  simple 
knotter  now  used  on  Deering  machines,  it  brought  about  a  mighty  revolu- 
tion in  agriculture.  At  first,  farm  laborers,  fearing  that  they  should  be 
thrown  out  of  employment  by  the  labor-saving  device,  stormed  and  threat- 
ened and  often  assaulted  farmers  who  had  the  boldness  to  buy  the 
machines.  To-day,  with  a  million  binders  in  the  field  and  wages  paid  to 
farm  hands  far  higher  than  they  were  then,  not  enough  farm  laborers  can 
be  found  to  handle  the  immense  harvests  of  the  great  West.  Instead  of  a 
curse  to  farm  labor,  the  binder  has  proved  to  be  a  mighty  blessing. 

In  1881,  two  years  after  he  had  given  the  world  the  first  twine  binder, 
Mr.  Deering,  realizing  that  the  little  town  of  Piano  was  not  a  fit  place  for  a 
large  manufactory,  moved  his  factory  to  its  present  site  in  Chicago.  In  the 
twelve  years  from  that  date  to  this,  his  business  has  rapidly  increased. 
The  original  Chicago  plant  was  increased  in  size  by  successive  additions 
from  its  original  twenty-five  acres  to  the  present  young  city  of  fifty-one 
acres,  built  solid  with  rows  of  two,  three  and  four-story  brick  structures. 
During  the  past  year  alone,  ten  acres  of  land  and  eight  buildings  and  addi- 
tions, with  a  floor  space  of  many  acres,  have  been  added  at  a  cost  of  $150,- 
000.  One  of  these  new  buildings  alone,  an  imposing  structure  450  feet  long, 
averages  100  feet  in  width,  and  is  four  stories  in  height.  It  is  surmounted 
with  an  attractive  clock-tower  on  its  Fullerton  ave.  front.  Over  sixty  acres 
of  floor  space  are  contained  in  the  buildings  now  included  in  the  plant. 
Deering  locomotives  shunt  their  hundreds  of  cars  a  day  over  their  private 
switch-tracks  that  wind  in  and  out  among  the  big  buildings. 
Nearly  a  half-mile  of  dock  is  busy  with  loading  and  unloading 
vessels  of  every  size.  Many  miles  of  telephone  wire  connect  the 
twenty-five  telephones  in  the  different  departments  with  the  main 
office  and  with  each  other.  A  fully  equipped  fire  department  is 
constantly  in  readiness  to  respond  to  flre  signals  which  may  be  sounded. 
An  electric  light  plant  turns  night  into  day  for  the  busy  season  when  it 
becomes  necessary  to  employ  a  night  shift  of  men.  One  of  the  notable 
features  of  the  Deering  plant  that  distinguishes  it  from  all  others  is  the  fact 
that  it  includes  departments  and  machinery  for  every  step  in  the  manu- 
facture of  farm  machinery.  William  Deering  &  Co.  make  their  machines 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  515 

instead  of  buying  the  parts  and  putting  them  together.  The  thousands  of 
tons  of  malleable  and  gray  iron  used  in  the  manufacture  of  the  Deering 
machines  are  made  in  the  Deering  Malleable  Iron  Works  and  the  Deering 
Gray  Iron  Works,  which  are  included  in  this  plant,  Instead  of  letting  out 
their  contracts  for  mower  knives  and  harvester  sickles  where  they  can  get 
them  cheapest,  Williafh  Deering  &  Co.  make  them  themselves  in  their  own 
knife  and  sickle  works.  The  Deering  Twine,  is  made  at  the  immense  Deer- 
ing Twine  Works,  consisting  of  several  mammoth  buildings  in  the  same 
plant.  These  departments  have  been  equipped  at  a  great  cost,  so  that  the 
various  parts  and  supplies  of  the  Deering  machines  could  be  made  under 
the  direct  personal  supervision  of  the  firm. 

Taking  all  together,  the  plant  of  William  Deering  &  Co.  is  one  of  Chica- 
go's proudest  boasts.  It  is  such  colossal  enterprises  as  these  that  make 
Chicago  what  it  is  to-day.  • 

Dunlap  Hat,  The.— To  no  article  of  wearing  apparel  probably  is  there 
more  importance  attached  by  gentlemen  than  their  hat,  which  may  be  truly 
characterized  as  being  a  crowning  ornament.  A  gentleman,  no  matter  how 
faultlessly  he  may  be  otherwise  attired,  would  cut  but  a  sorry  figure  in 
polite  society  were  his  head  covering  otherwise  than  stylish  and  becoming. 
The  mission  of  "Dunlap"  (he  of  "celebrated  hats"  notoriety)  seems  to 
have  been  to  create  that  which  would  "top  off"  and  give  the  finishing  touch 
to-the  well-dressed  man — and  well,  indeed,  has  he  fulfilled  that  mission,  as 
the  immense  patronage  bestowed  on  his  manufactures  will  attest.  In  a  late 
number  of  the  trade  journal  Hatter  and  Furrier,  we  note  his  spring  pi-o- 
ductions  are  thus  alluded  to— "The  Dunlap  Spring  Styles  are  things  of 
beauty,  and  as  the  poet  says,  '  a  thing  of  beauty  is  a  joy  forever.'  " 

Dunlap  Smith  &  Co.,  Real  Estate  and  mortgage  bankers,  are  situated  at 
the  N.  W.  Cor.  Dearborn  and  Monroe  sts.,  corner  under  First  National  Bank 
of  Chicago ;  entrance  is  at  170  Dearborn  st.  They  conduct  a  general  real  estate 
business  comprising  investments,  mortgages.loans,  fees,  99  year  leases,  rent- 
ing. The  firm  took  possession  of  their  present  quarters  May  1, 1890,  and  greatly 
enlarged  the  scope  of  their  business,  which  was  originally  established  by 
Mr.  Dunlap  Smith  in  1885.  The  firm  is  now  classed  as  one  of  the  leading 
firms  of  the  more  conservative  class  of  real  estate  and  mortgage  banking 
houses  in  the  city.  Dunlap  Smith  &  Co.  have  been  associated  with  many  of 
the  largest  real  estate  transactions  of  the  city  of  Chicago.  Among  them 
the  purchase  of  the  North  Waukegan  Harbor  and  Dock  Association  by 
which  that  association  acquired  1,400  acres  of  land  at  North  Waukegan,  ex- 
tending four  and  a  half  miles  along  Lake  Michigan.  The  sale  of  the  Alham- 
bra  property,  one  of  the  largest  single  ownerships  on  S.  State  st. ;  the  sale 
of  the  Brunswick  hotel  and  the  purchase  of  the  North  Shore  syndicate.  All 
of  which  have  proven  profitable  investments  to  the  purchasers.  They  have 
recently  enlarged  their  mortgage  banking  business  and  have  during  the  past 
year  loaned  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  for  the  Prudential  Insurance 
Co.,  and  other  Eastern  as  well  as  local  clients. 

Ellsworth,  &  Jones— Iowa  Farm  Mortgage  Loans.— Location  of  offices,  521 
Chamber  of  Commerce  bldg.,  Chicago;  First  National  Bank  bldg.,  Iowa 
Falls,  Iowa.  This  well  established  firm  has  had  an  experience  of  nearly  a 
quarter  of  a  century  in  placing  Iowa  first  farm  mortgages  without  the  loss  of 
a  dollar,  either  principal  or  interest — a  wonderful  record,  but  not  to  be 
doubted  when  it  is  considered  that  the  dealings  of  Ellsworth  &  Jones  have 
been  confined  to  the  best  paper  of  one  of  the  best  states  in  the  Union.  Loans 
are  made  only  after  careful  investigation  of  titles  and  personal  examina- 
tion of  farms  upon  which  loans  are  to  be  placed.  Investors  will  find  the  6, 
6V£  and  7  per  cent  Iowa  farm  mortgage  loans  wThich  this  firm  offers  to  be  gilt- 
edged  in  every  particular.  These  investments  have  proved  themselves,  by  the 
test  of  a  quarter  of  a  century,  to  be  of  the  highest  and  safest  class.  No 
state  in  the  Union  affords  such  a  sure  basis  for  intrinsic  land  security  as 
Iowa,  and  her  lands  are  rapidly  increasing  in  value,  and  are  equally  pro- 
ductive, with  any  in  the  world.  Iowa  lands  have  never  ceased  the  advance 
step,  and  in  a  few  short  years  wj.ll  be  along  side  of  her  sister  state,  Illinois, 


516  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Fowler,  E.  S.  &  W.  S.—  Located  at  38  Madison  st.  Familiarly  known  as 
Fowler's.  The  leading  manufacturing  opticians  of  Chicago.  This  house 
makes  a  specialty  of  scientific  testing  of  the  eye  and  grinding  glasses  to 
correct  any  defect  of  vision.  They  employ  experts  and  solicit  the  most 
complicated  cases.  The  stranger  visiting  Chicago,  if  troubled  with  any  dis- 
ease of  the  eye,  will  find  it  to  his  advantage  to  visit  this  establishment. 

Fraser  &  Chalmers.— It  is  here  in  point  to  call  attention  to  one  of  Chi- 
cago's industries,  the  works  of  Fraser  <fe  Chalmers.  This  firm  has  a  large 
plant  in  London,  England,  but  local  interest  will  turn  to  the  Twelfth  st. 
shops  by  which  their  capacity  will  be  increased  three-fold.  They  will  there 
have  best  facilities  for  shipment  by  seven  great  railroad  systems,  connect- 
ing directly  with  the  coal  and  iron  sections  of  the  South  and  East,  the  Lake 
Superior  copper  and  iron  regions,  and  the  mines  of  precious  metals  in 
Mexico,  Montana  and  the  West.  Some  fifteen  large  shops  will  be  or  are  in 
process  of  being  erected.  Of  these  may  be  noticed  the  foundry,  400x154  feet, 
having  also  a  large  annex,  in  all  to  be  equipped  with  six  cupolas  and  17 
cranes,  the  largest  of  25  tons  lift ;  the  pattern  storage  shops,  138  by  100  feet, 
four  stories  high,  and  fire-proof;  the  boiler  shop,  400x133  feet,  having  13  large 
cranes  and  three  hydraulic  riveters ;  a  dynamo  house  to  facilitate  the  most 
recent  applications  of  electrical  power;  the  machine  shop  255x160  feet;  erect- 
ing shop  210x100  feet  and  shipping  department,  240x150  feet,  all  under  one 
roof  with  a  gallery  40  feet  wide  around  the  building,  constituting  an  "  Expo- 
sition" in  itself.  In  addition  to  the  city  water  supply,  they  will  have  a  six- 
inch  artesian  well,  nearly  half  a  mile  deep,  capable  of  supplying  200,000 
gallons  daily.  The  comfort  of  employees  will  be  considered  in  such  arrange- 
ments as  commodious  bath  rooms,  while  in  the  large  office  building  will  be 
found  space  for  a  dining  hall,  a  kitchen,  and  an  engineering  library.  Fraser 
<fe  Chalmers  build  mining  and  metallurgical  machinery.  This  is  known  not 
only  throughout  the  civilized,  but  the  uncivilized  world  as  well.  It  is  known 
from  the  diamond  fields  served  by  Kaffirs  in  South  Africa  as  far  away 
north  as  the  mines  of  Alaska.  Upon  their  warehouses  and  offices  the  sun 
does  not  set.  They  are  at  New  York,  London,  Johannesburg  in  the  Transvaal ; 
Topeka,  Japan;  Shanghai,  China;  Lima,  Peru;  the  City  of  Mexico,  El 
Paso,  Spokane  Falls,  Salt  Lake  City,  Helena,  Denver,  and  so  we  swing  the 
earth  circle  back  to  the  glory  of  Chicago. 

Friedman,  J.  &  Co. — The  great  house  of  J.  Friedman  &  Co.,  which  to-day 
is  a  controlling  factor  in  western  tobacco  markets,  began  its  career  in  a 
humble  way.  Like  the  new  satellite  of  Jupiter,  its  birth  and  future  promin- 
ence were  merged  in  obscurity.  Like  all  undertakings,  it  commenced  in  a 
small  way,  giving  no  hint  or  indication  of  future  greatness.  In  the  early 
forties,  Jacob  Friedman  was  engaged  in  business  in  Connecticut,  purchas- 
ing tobacco  raised  in  that  state.  In  1849,  he  came  west  and  became  the 
pioneer  leaf  dealer  in  the  to-day  World's  Fair  city.  At  that  time  the  business 
was  known  as  E.  Frankenthal  «fe  Co.,  retailers  in  and  jobbers  of  cigars  and 
tobaccos;  and  as  Friedman,  Van  Etta  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  tobaccos.  In 
1870  Jacob  Friedman  purchased  the  interests  of  his  partners.  The  great  fire 
of  '71  entirely  destroyed  his  business,  but  with  dauntless  energy  and  an 
indomitable  courage,  although  then  at  an  advanced  age,  he  commenced  life 
over  again.  Like  a  phoenix  arising  from  the  flames,  he  built  anew  on  the 
smoking  ashes  of  the  old  foundations.  The  well  earned  reputation  of  his 
preceding  business  career  enabled  him  to  again  build  up  a  large  establish- 
ment. Through  the  sterling  virtues  of  mind  and  character  he  again  suc- 
ceeded. In  1883,  he  admitted  into  partnership  Mr.  Fred  Hauck  and  his  son, 
Monroe  J.  Friedman,  who  to-day  are  conducting  the  business.  It  is  written 
that  the  heritage  of  a  good  name  is  more  precious  than  rubies  and  dia- 
monds, and  so  when  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  passed  unto  the  silent 
shores  to  join  the  great  majority,  his  great  name  and  honorable  record 
became  for  his  partners  a  priceless  boon,  a  heritage  of  great  worth. 
There  has  never  been  the  slightest  demarkation  from  the  line  of  strict 
probity  so  sharply  drawn  by  the  founder  of  the  house.  Fairness 
has  always  been  with  them  the  paramount  consideration.  They  have 
established  the  policy  that  continued  merit  makes  a  lasting  name.  To-day 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  51? 

they  sell  their  goods  in  every  section  of  these  broad  United  States.  From 
ocean  to  ocean,  and  from  the  northern  lakes  to  the  gulf,  their  name  and 
fame  are  recognized  and  the  merits  of  their  goods  known.  They  even  carry 
coals  to  Newcastle,  selling  leaf  tobacco  in  New  York  state  itself,  in  the  very 
tramping  grounds  and  hitherto  considered  the  sole  property  of  eastern 
importers  and  packers.  Thus,  by  an  habitual  manner  of  an  honorably  con- 
ducted business,  which  has  characterized  their  career  throughout,  they 
have  increased  manifold  the  volume  of  their  transact:' ons,  and  it  has  become 
neceusary  to  build  additional  ramifications;  so  that  to-day  they  need  ware- 
houses in  Orfordville,  Warren,  Nora,  and  Port  Byron;  while  their  buyers 
make  periodical  visits  to  Havana,  to  buy  its  choicest  products.  They  are 
one  of  the  largest  importing  and  packing  houses  in  the  west.  So  marvel- 
ous and  unprecedented  has  been  their  growth  in  the  past,  that  it  may  not 
be  too  extravagant  a  prophecy  to  predict  that  the  day  will  eventually  come 
when  New  York  houses  will  look  upon  the  house  of  J.  Friedman  &  Co.,  as  a 
rival  for  all  eastern  patronage. 

Gendron  Iron  Wheel  Company. — Factory,  Toledo,  Ohio;  branches,  107 
Chambers  St.,  New  York;  62  to  70  South  Canal  St.,  Chicago;  Cor.  22d  st.  and 
Scott  ave.,  St.  Louis.  This  is  one  of  the  most  important  concerns  of  the  kind 
in  the  United  States.  Since  it  began  the  manufacture  of  safety  bicycles  in 
1889  its  reputation  has  been  very  widely  extended.  Up  to  that  time  a  very 
large  percentage  of  its  patrons  had  been  connected  with  the  children's 
vehicle  trade,  and  many  of  these  have  now  very  little  knowledge  of  the  real 
magnitude  of  the  Gendron  works.  The  main  factory  at  Toledo  is  220  feet 
front  by  100  feet  deep.  In  it  124,000  square  feet  are  devoted  exclusively  to 
manufacturing.  In  the  rear  of  this  are  a  number  of  smaller  buildings  used 
for  wood-drying,  drop-hammering,  tinning,  and  storing  heavy  raw  mater- 
ial. On  the  water-front  the  company  has  a  dockage  where  it  carries  on  an 
average  three  million  feet  of  hard  and  soft  wood  lumber.  The  company 
erected  in  1893  another  building  50x100  feet,  6  floors,  giving  it  30,000  square 
feet  of  space  additional.  It  has  also  in  Toledo  a  separate  warehouse  for 
storing  finished  goods,  30x120  feet,  four  floors.  At  New  York,  107  Chambers 
st.,  it  has  a  storage  capacity  of  25x160  feet,  five  floors.  In  Chicago,  62  to  70 
South  Canal  st.,  it  has  a  capacity  of  100x140  feet,  two  floors,  with  track 
facilities  in  the  rear.  Here  are  carried  samples  of  all  the  goods  manufact- 
ured by  the  company,  together  with  stock  sufficient  to  supply  the  western 
and  northwestern  dealers.  The  company  has  also  a  large  warehouse  and 
distributing  depot  in  St.  Louis.  This  establishment  is  represented  on  the 
road  by  sixteen  regular  salaried  traveling  salesmen.  Its  pay-roll  numbers 
on  an  average,  over  800  employes.  As  an  illustration  of  the  great  business 
transacted  by  the  Gendron  company,  the  following  figures  are  given:  It 
turned  out  during  the  year  1892,  5,500  safety  bicycles,  32,000  children's  carri- 
ages, 75,000  boys'  velocipedes,  30,000  girls'  tricycles,  90,000  iron  express  wag- 
ons, 30,000  toy  barrows,  27,000  doll  cabs,  24,000  pieces  of  finished  reed  furni- 
ture, 70,000  pieces  of  bamboo  novelties,  aggregating  a  total  output  of  $1,000,- 
000.  It  required  two  and  one-half  million  feet  of  pine  lumber  to  box  and  crate 
these  goods  for  shipment.  This  is  evidence  sufficient  of  the  fact  that  the 
manufactures  of  this  company  possess  superior  merit.  Its  business  is  grow- 
ing enormously  from  year  to  year,  even  in  the  face  of  the  sharpest  compe- 
tition. Visitors  to  Toledo  will  do  well  to  call  at  the  central  manufacturing 
and  supply  establishment  of  the  company.  The  sample  rooms  in  this  city 
are  also  well  worthy  of  a  visit. 

Gillette  &  Taylor. — Location,  Chamber  of  Commerce  building.  Thisfirm 
engages  extensively  in  bond  transactions,  municipal  and  others,  and 
negotiates  large  real  estate  mortgage  loans.  It  has  offices  both  in  Chicago 
and  London.  The  latter  office  is  located  at  54  Old  Broad  st.  The  house  is 
one  of  the  highest  standing. 

Gormully  &  Jeffery  Mfg  Co. — Makers  of  the  "Rambler"  bicycles  and 
the  "G  and  J"  Pneumatic  Tires.  R.  Philip  Gormully,  president  and  treas- 
urer; Thos.  B.  Jeffery,  secretary  and  superintendent.  Works  located  on  N. 
Franklin  and  Institute  place;  retail  salesroom  at  85  Madison  st. ;  has 
branch  houses  in  New  York,  Boston,  Washington  and  Coventry,  Eng.,  also 


518  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

distribtiting  depots  in  the  principal  large  European  cities.  Established  in 
1879.  This  concern  from  a  small  beginning1  now  ranks  as  one  of  the  leaders 
in  its  particular  line,  the  value  of  their  immense  plant  mounting  well  up 
into  six  figures.  It  is  the  second  oldest  bicycle  institution  in  this  country, 
was  the  first  in  the  West  and  also  the  very  first  in  America,  with  sufficient 
faith  in  what,  less  than  eight  years  ago,  seemed  a  very  precarious  industry, 
to  erect  and  equip  a  factory  specially  for  the  manufacture  of  bicycles.  It 
is  also  largely  through  its  efforts  that  the  trade  has  assumed  the  propor- 
tions of  to-day,  as  they  resisted  the  demand  for  payment  of  royalty,  which 
was  levted  by  the  holder  of  the  original  license,  and  after  a  long  and 
expensive  legal  fight,  ending  in  the  supreme  court  of  the  U.  S.,  they 
secured  a  verdict  on  each  and  every  point  raised.  The  decision  threw  the 
doors  open  and  the  bicycle  industry,  along  with  the  Gormully  «fe  Jeffery  Co., 
has  since  gone  on  and  flourished. 

Grant  Locomotive  Works.— Located  at  the  Cor.  of  Twelfth  st.  and  Robin- 
son ave.  Take  train  at  the  Grand  Central  depot,  Fifth  ave.  and  Harrison  st., 
via  the  Chicago  &  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  Capital  $800,000.  Mr.  Wm.  H. 
Fenner,  Jr.,  is  president  of  the  company,  which  purchased  the  famous  tract 
of  land  known  as  section  21,  Cicero.  The  locomotive  works  have  been 
erected  at  the  S.  W.  Cor.  Twelfth  st.  and  Robinson  ave.  The  capacity  of  the 
works  is  250  locomotives  per  annum.  The  plant  is  now  completed,  and  has 
already  commenced  to  turn  out  engines  The  works  is  the  first  locomotive 
manufacturing  establishment  west  of  Dunkirk,  N.  Y.,  and  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
The  section  is  bounded  upon  three  sides  by  Oak  Park,  Austin,  Moreland, 
Morton  Park  and  La  Vergne,  while  upon  the  remaining  side,  the  east,  lies 
Chicago.  The  works  will  be  a  little  over  six  miles  from  the  Court  House. 
The  land  itself  is  owned  by  the  Grant  Land  Association,  a  corporation 
organized  in  connection  with  the  locomotive  works  company,  and  the  title  is 
vested  with  David  B.  Lyman  and  Elbridge  G.  Keith,  trustees.  The  Wisconsin 
Central  railroad  runs  along  the  north  side  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  along  the  south  side  of  the  tract.  Both  roads  will  have  depots 
at  Forty-eighth  st.,  and  the  company  says  that  both  will  extend  their  tracks 
from  the  main  line  and  enter  the  heart  of  the  tract  at  Sixteenth  st.  The 
Twelfth  st.  and  Ogden  ave.  street  car  line  is  completed  to  within  a  short  dis- 
tance of  the  purchase.  One  feature  of  this  huge  project  deserves  special, 
notice.  It  is  the  purpose  of  the  gentlemen  at  the  back  of  this  addi- 
tion to  make  it  one  of  the  great  manufacturing  points  of  the 
vicinity.  To  aid  in  the  accomplishment  of  this  result  a  tract  of  sixty 
acres  has.been  set  apart  for  manufacturing  enterprises.  Only  first-class 
establishments  will  be  permitted  to  locate  there.  The  great  locomotive 
works  are  sure  to  be  a  sort  of  attraction  for  other  and  smaller  enterprises, 
and  beyond  question  this  addition  will  be  in  a  comparatively  short  time,  the 
rival  of  the  leading  manufacturing  centers  of  the  country.  The  character 
of  the  men  and  the  large  capital  at  their  command  is  a  guaranty  of  this 
fact.  The  new  addition  is  located  upon  section  21,  which  has  formed  the 
basis  of  some  interesting  recent  litigation.  It  is  about  thirty  feet  above 
Lake  Michigan.  The  natural  drainage  is  as  good  as  one  could  wish.  To 
give  the  reader  an  adequate  idea  of  the  immensity  of  the  locomotive  works, 
it  is  only  necessary  to  state  the  dimensions  of  the  different  buildings. 
These  are  as  follows:  Machine  shop,  110  by  370  feet;  erecting  shop,  80  by  285 
feet;  blacksmith  shop,  80  by  250  feet;  hammer  shop,  80  by  125  feet;  boiler 
shop,  100  by  250  feet ;  wood  shop,  70  by  230  feet ;  paint  shop,  70  by  170  feet ; 
pattern  shop,  60  by  130  feet ;  foundry,  80  by  260  feet ;  core-room,  50  by  60  feet : 
cupalo-room,  60  by  80  feet ;  boiler-room,  50  by  70  feet ;  dynamo- room,  50  by  60 
feet;  office  building,  45  by  130  feet.  The  total  square  feet  amount  to  195,260. 
With  a  mammoth  manufacturing  concern  like  this  as  a  foundation,  where 
is  the  chance  to  question  the  future  of  the  enterprise?  The  -importance  of 
the  Grant  Locomotive  Works  will  be  thoroughly  understood  when  the  great- 
ness of  Chicago  as  a  railway  point  is  taken  into  consideration.  Centering 
here  and  having  their  terminals  in  Chicago  are  60,000  miles  of  railway. 
Tributary  to  these  trunk  lines  and  connecting  with  them  are  35,000  miles 
more  This  wjlj  closely  identify  with  this  great  city  nearly  one  hundred 


520  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

thousand  miles  of  railway,  and  this  stupendous  mileage  makes  Chicago  the 
greatest  railway  center  in  the  world.  The  railway  corporations  having 
their  terminals  in  Chicago  own  12,000  locomotives. 

Gunning,  B.  J.  &  Co. — The  name  of  Robert  J.  Gunning  will  soon  become 
as  familiar  to  every  visitor  as  it  is  to  every  resident  of  Chicago  and  other 
great  cities.  This  city  is  the  headquarters  of  the  lirm  that  decorates  the 
dead  walls,  fences,  rocks  and  barn-sides  of  the  city,  town  and  country  with 
plain  and  ornamental  advertisements,  in  letters  running  from  six  inches  to 
six  feet  in  height.  The  R.  J.  Gunning  Co.  is  recognized  now  as  one  of  the 
greatest  advertising  houses  in  the  world.  It  has  bulletins  in  all  sections  of 
this  city,  and  commands  an  immense  patronage  from  the  leading  advertisers 
of  America  and  Europe. 

Henry  Dibblee  Company,  The. — The  business  of  the  Henry  Dibblee  Com- 
pany is  an  example  of  what  may  be  accomplished  in  special  lines  of  artistic 
interior  productions.  No  other  concern  in  America  combines  the  various 
important  branches  of  this  class  of  work  under  one  roof  and  management. 
The  department  for  fine  mantels  with  fittings  of  English  tiles,  foreign  mar- 
bles or  mosaics  and  the  metal  appurtenances,  are  unsurpassed,  if  equaled, 
by  any  one.  The  department  for  special  furniture  (to  order  only)  is  exciting 
the  admiration  of  every  one  investigating,  and  securing  many  valuable 
orders.  Among  the  recent  orders  may  be  mentioned  all  the  furniture  for  the 
Chicago  Athletic  Club,  the  Pennsylvania  State  building  at  the  World's  Fair, 
Chicago  Club,  and  others.  The  bank  and  office  equipment  department  is 
rapidly  coming  into  prominence  and  already  points  to  some  of  the  most 
completely  fitted  banks  and  offices  in  the  country,  executed  by  this  company. 
Among  others,  the  Michigan  Trust  Co.  Bank,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.;  Lyon, 
Gary  &  Co.,  bankers,  Chicago;  Inman  &  International  S.  S.  Co.'s  office,  Chi- 
cago; Kuh,  Nathan  &  Fisher's  office,  Chicago;  Ladies'  Home  Journal  office, 
Philadelphia,  and  others.  The  ceramic,  mosaic  and  tile  department  is  also 
one  of  the  important  and  interesting  features  of  the  business  of  this  com- 
pany. Some  of  the  best  examples  of  their  productions  in  this  department 
may  be  seen  in  the  grand  entrance  hall  of  the  Chicago  Athletic  club,  and 
the  entrances,  rotunda,  restaurant  and  other  rooms  in  the  new  Congress 
hotel  in  this  city,  and  many  other  buildings.  A  complete  description  of  this 
business  is  impossible  here,  but  a  visit  to  the  completely  equipped  and  man- 
aged building  and  business  of  this  company  will  well  repay  any  one.  We 
may  add  that  this  company  now  occupy  entire  the  six-story  building,  149  and 
150  Michigan  ave.,  opposite  the  new  Art  Institute. 

Hill,  F.  H.  Co. — The  manufacture  of  coffins  and  caskets  has  grown  to 
be  one  of  the  leading  industries  of  mighty  Chicago.  The  first  "ready-made" 
coffin  manufactured  in  the  city  was  made  by  J.  H.  Boyd  and  F.  H.  Hill, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Boyd  <fe  Hill,  which  company  was  first  organized  in 
1866  for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing  coffins  and  caskets.  The  firm  con- 
tinued until  1874,  when  Mr.  Boyd  withdrew  and  a  partnership  was  formed  by 
F.  H.  Hill  and  Mortimer  Goff ,  under  the  style  of  F.  H.  Hill  &  Co.  They  were 
first  located  at  Calhoun  place,  and  then  removed  to  292  South  Franklin 
street  and  erected  a  large  brick  building,  which  was  destroyed  in  the  great 
fire  of  1871,  and  partly  rebuilt  and  running  within  thirty  days  after  the  lire. 
In  1886,  a  consolidation  of  the  firm  of  F.  H.  Hill  &  Co.  with  the  Chicago 
branch  of  the  Cleveland  Biarial  Case  Co.  was  effected,  and  the  style  of  the 
corporation  changed  to  that  of  the  F.  H.  Hill  Co. 

Shortly  after  the  reorganization  it  became  apparent  to  the  management 
that  the  largely  increasing  business  would  soon  demand  more  extensive 
quarters  for  manufacturing,  shipping  and  accounting.  At  that  time  the 
factory  was  located  a  block  away  from  the  office,  sales-rooms  and  shipping 
department.  The  fact  was  soon  developed  that  no  adjacent  property  could 
be  secured  upon  which  to  erect  much  needed  additions  to  their  structure, 
which  was  then  teeming  with  men,  materials  and  machinery.  An  oppoi'tu- 
nity  to  secure  a  large  site  on  one  of  the  popular  boulevards  of  the  city,  at  a 
comparatively  low  figure,  presented  itself  just  at  this  time,  and  was  quickly 
taken  advantage  of  in  the  purchase  of  a  large  block  of  ground  at  the 
corner  of  Washington  boulevard  and  Morgan  street.  Preparations  were  at 


GENERAL   INFORMATION,  521 

once  begun  for  the  erection  of  a  factory  that  would,  in  the  estimation  of  the 
management,  anticipate  the  natural  increase  of  their  already  over-crowded 
business  for  the  next  quarter  of  a  century  at  least.  How  far  short  of  their 
increasing  wants  they  estimated,  may  be  surmised  from  the  fact  that  the 
company  is  already  in  a  quandary  as  to  where  they  can  erect  more  build- 
ings. 

The  present  structure  was  completed  and  occupied  in  April  of  the  year 
1889.  The  accompanying  illustration  gives  but  a  slight  conception  of  the 
beautiful  and  extensive  proportions  of  the  massive  building.  It  overlooks 
one  of  the  finest  localities  in  the  very  heart  of  the  magnificent  city  of  Chi- 
cago. It  is  six  stories  and  basement  in  height,  and  contains  over  three 
and  one-half  acres  of  flooring.  The  entire  frontage  on  the  two  prominent 
thoroughfares  is  of  fine  red  pressed  brick,  tastefully  ornamented  with  cut 
stone,  and  presents  an  imposing  appearance.  The  basement,  thoroughly 
cemented  arid  rendered  fire  proof,  is  occupied  by  a  Corliss  engine  of  two 
hundred  horse-power,  elevator  engines,  dynamos  for  five  hundred  incan- 
descent lights,  and  six  large  dry  kilns,  each  one  of  which  is  capable  of 
receiving  two  days'  supply  of  lumber  for  the  factory.  The  first  floor  is 
occupied  by  offices,  the  shipping  department,  hardware  and  machinery; 
the  second  floor  by  sample  rooms,  hearse  repository,  dry  goods,  robes  and 
linings,  and  cabinet-makers;  the  third  floor  by  cloth  casket  department 
and  cabinet-makers;  the  fourth  floor  by  stock  rooms  for  cloth  caskets;  the 
fifth  floor  for  finishing  department  and  stock  rooms,  and  the  sixth  floor  for 
flowing  rooms  and  furnishing  departments.  They  now  possess  and  occupy 
the  most  complete  factory  in  the  world  for  the  manufacture  in  the  shortest 
possible  time,  the  most  complete  lines  of  goods  consisting  of  fine  silk  plush, 
broadcloth  and  wood  coffins  and  caskets,  zinc  and  copper  linings,  robes 
and  linings.  From  Morgan  st.  a  wide  driveway  admits  teams  to  an 
open  court  where  all  loading  and  unloading  will  be  done  entirely  out  of 
sight  from  the  street.  The  heavily  stocked  lumber  yards  are  located  a 
block  to  the  north  on  Morgan  st.  During  the  first  year  of  the  business  of 
the  firm  of  Boyd  &  Hill,  they  employed  about  ten  hands,  and  their  gross 
sales  amounted  to  about  $15,000,  while  during  the  year  1892  about  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  men  were  given  constant  employment,  and  the  output  reached 
a  total  of  over  half  a  million.  Their  large  force  of  traveling  men  visit  all  the 
principal  towns  of  the  United  States,carrying  complete  samples  of  hardware, 
robes,  linings,  etc.  Telegraph  messages  are  received  directly  into  their 
office  over  special  wires,  by  their  own  operators,  and  the  office  is  kept  open 
at  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night. 

Thus  permanently  located  in  the  finest  coffin  factory  in  the  world, 
equipped  with  all  the  modern  machinery  and  manned  by  skilled  workmen 
of  many  years'  experience,  and  convenient  to  the  depots  of  all  the  leading 
railroads  of  the  city,  the  F  H.  Hill  Company  is  an  institution  that  in  itself 
may  well  defy  competition. 

Illinois  Steel  Company.— One  of  the  greatest  steel  and  iron  companies  in 
the  world.  Three  of  the  plants  of  the  company  are  located  within  the  cor- 
porate limits  of  the  city  of  Chicago — the  North  works,  the  South  works  and 
the  Union  works.  One  is  at  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  ninety  miles  north  of  Chicago, 
and  one  is  at  Joliet,  111.,  forty  miles  southwest  of  Chicago.  All  the  works 
are  connected  by  telegraph  and  telephone  service  with  the  central  office  in 
Chicago,  and  with  each  other.  The  works  within  the  city  are  easily  reach- 
ed by  street  or  steam  cars,  and  are  interesting  to  visitors. 

Irwin,  Green  &  Co. — This  is  one  of  the  oldest  houses  in  the  grain  commis- 
sion trade  in  Chicago.  Located  at  126  to  131  Rraltobldg.,  ad  joining  the  Board 
of  Trade.  D.  W.  Irwin  and  A.  W.  Green  and  C.  D.  Irwin  compose  the  firm. 
Established  by  D.  W.  Irwin  in  ia54.  Later  it  became  D.  W.  Irwin  «fc  Co.,  and 
coutimied  so  for  some  years.  Mr.  Green  has  been  with  the  house  over 
twenty  years.  C.  D.  Irwin  is  a  son  of  the  senior  member.  The  firm  has 
ridden  out  all  panics,  has  never  failed,  has  always  enjoyed  the  highest 
credit  among  bankers  and  the  trade  in  general,  and  does  a  large  receiving 
and  shipping  business,  besides  dealing  extensively  in  grain  and  provisions 
and  buying  and  selling  for  future  delivery  all  commodities  dealt  in  on  the 


522  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Board  of  Trade.  The  firm's  offices  in  the  Rialto  bldg.  comprise  a  fine  suite 
of  rooms,  are  convenient  to  the  Board  and  worthy  of  a  visit  from  the 
stranger. 

Jenkins,  Kreer  and  Company.— One  of  the  most  widely  and  favorably 
known  houses  among  the  dry  goods,  commission  merchants  and  manufact- 
urer's agents  in  this  market.  From  the  formation  of  the  house  in  1880  its 
standing  has  been  that  of  one  of  the  most  successful  of  its  kind  in  the  West. 
Originally  this  house  was  established  as  Klapp,  Jenkins  &  Co.,  which  con- 
tinued as  the  firm  title  until  1885,  when  Mr.  Kreer  entered  the  firm  and  the 
name  was  changed  to  Jenkins,  Kreer  <fe  Co.  Four  years  later  Mr.  Downs 
was  admitted  as  a  partner.  The  Chicago  Dry  Goods  Reporter  speaking  of 
the  firm  says :  The  extensive  experience  of  these  gentlemen  will  be  observed 
by  the  fact  that  all  three  have  been  connected  with  the  dry  goods  business 
in  Chicago  for  upward  of  twenty  years,  Messrs.  Kreer  and  Downs  in  the 
selling  department  and  Mr.  Jenkins  in  the  financial  department  of  the  trade. 
Thus  the  combination  is  peculiarly  fitted  for  the  successful  management  of 
manufacturers'  goods  and  the  careful  distribution  of  the  same.  Mr.  Kreer, 
formerly  many  years  in  the  dress  goods  department  of  Marshall  Field  <fe  Co., 
in  his  efficient  familiarity  with  dry  goods,  spends  much  time  with  the  East- 
ern finishers  and  manufacturers  whose  goods  this  house  represents.  It  is 
a  i-ecognized  fact  that  no  commission  house  East  or  West  represents  a 
larger  or  finer  line  of  cotton  buntings,  light  sheetings  and  cheese  cloths 
than  is  shown  by  this  house.  In  this  department  there  are  upward  of 
seventy  different  brands,  and  at  all  times  they  aim  to  carry  a  full  line  in 
Chicago  for  the  purpose  of  immediate  delivery.  They  also  have  numerous 
other  cotton  goods,  and  particularly  goods  made  by  the  Valley  Falls  Com- 
pany of  Rhode  Island,  being  the  sole  representatives  of  the  Oakwrood  staple 
ginghams,  which  are  now  so  well  known  to  the  trade.  Their  market  is  more 
extensive  than  would  appear  at  first  sight,  reaching  the  jobbing  points  of 
Michigan,  Indiana,  Ohio,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Missouri,  Kansas,  Iowa, 
Minnesota,  Wisconsin  and  the  states  of  the  Pacific  slope,  in  addition  to  the 
Chicago  mai'ket,  which,  in  itself,  is  very  large.  It  is  unnecessary  for  the 
Reporter  to  testify  to  the  high  esteem  in  which  this  house  is  held  by  the 
trade  at  large,  or  to  their  unimpeached  record  for  business  integrity.  They 
have  had  an  abiding  faith  in  Chicago,  not  only  as  a  distributing  point,  but 
as  the  future  home  of  a  large  constituency  of  selling  agents  and  direct  rep- 
resentatives of  mills.  That  their  judgment  has  been  correct  is  amply 
evidenced  by  the  large  number  of  great  Eastern  concerns  that  are  now 
looking  in  the  direction  of  Chicago.  And  when  this  market  has  attained  its 
true  greatness  and  dignity,  no  small  portion  of  the  credit  will  be  due  to  such 
houses  as  that  which  forms  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

Kaestner,  Charles  &  Company. — Established  1863.  General  machinists, 
founders,  mill  furnishers.  Office  and  works,  241  to  249  South  Jefferson  St., 
West  side.  Department  A — the  manufacturing  of  special  machinery  for 
breweries,  malt-houses,  elevators,  distilleries,  starch  and  glucose  works. 
Department  B — the  building  of  general  and  special  machinery  for  arrang- 
ing designs.  Department  C— grinding  mills  and  pulverizers,  for  wet  and 
dry  grinding  and  pulverizing  of  any  materials.  Department  D — painting, 
grinding  and  mixing  of  colors,  makers  of  machinery  and  equipments. 
Department  E — designing  of  and  erecting  manufacturing  buildings.  The 
building  is  six  stories  high,  with  a  basement,  and  has  a  floor  area  of  36,000 
square  feet.  The  works  contain  freight  and  passenger  elevators,  are  heated 
by  steam  and  lighted  by  electricity.  The  power  plant  is  the  most  modern. 
The  works  of  Charles  Kaestner  &  Company  are  deserving  of  a  visit  from  the 
stranger.  [See  Illustration.] 

Kimball,  W.  W.,  Company.— The  great  piano  and  organ  factories  of  the 
W.  W.  Kimball  Company  are  among  the  attractions  of  Chicago,  and  will 
interest  the  visitor  about  as  much  as  any  that  can  be  pointed  out.  The 
buildings  composing  the  factories  are  three  in  number,  each  being  a  coun- 
terpart of  the  other,  five  stories  high,  with  a  frontage  of  eighty  feet  and  a 
depth  of  250  feet.  Together  they  have  a  floorage  of  over  367,000  square  feet. 
They  are  located  on  the  Chicago  river,  and  near  the  junction  of  two  rail- 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  ^23 

roads,  with  a  private  switch  leading  into  the  premises.  The  grounds  com- 
prise over  seven  acres  of  land,  the  most  of  which  is  used  as  a  lumber  yard. 
The  company  have  some  4,000,000  square  feet  of  lumber  on  hand.  The 
six  large  dry-houses  hold  150,000  square  feet.  As  soon  as  the  lumber  is 
sufficiently  dried  it  is  placed  on  little  cars,  made  expressly  for  that 
purpose,  and  wheeled  directly  into  the  mill-room,  where  it  is  cut  up 
into  proper  shapes  for  both  pianos  and  organs.  For  this  purpose 
the  company  have  all  the  latest  improved  machines.  The  work  is 
divided  between  the  three  factories.,  the  organs  being  made  in  one, 
while  the  others  are  devoted  exclusively  to  pianos.  All  the  mill  work 
however,  is  done  in  the  organ  factory.  These  factories  give  employment  to 
800  men.  Each  factory  is  divided  by  a  thick  fire-wall  into  three  parts.  The 
company  is  now  shipping  about  120  pianos  every  week,  or  about  6,000  per 
annum,  and  about  14,000  organs  a  year.  Permission  to  visit  the  factories 
may  be  obtained  at  the  Wabash  avenue  salesroom.  The  new  Kimball 
building  on  Wabash  ave.  is  one  of  the  finest  edifices  for  the  purpose  in  the 
country.  It  has  a  frontage  of  eighty  feet,  is  seven  stories  high,  and  is  built 
of  chocolate-colored  brick,  with  brown-stone  trimmings.  All  the  walls  are 
deadened  and  all  the  floors  double,  wih  cement  filling  and  air-chambers 
between.  No  expense  has  been  spared  to  make  this  one  of  the  strongest 
and  most  durable  buildings  of  i  ts  kind.  The  ware-rooms  and  offices  occupy 
tne  first  floor;  Kimball  Hall,  with  two  rooms  adjoining  for  the  exhibition  of 
Concert  and  Baby  Grands,  occupies  the  second  floor.  The  hall  has  a  seat- 
ing capacity  for  about  600  people,  but  it  is  so  arranged  that  the  two  rooms 
devoted  to  the  sale  of  grands  can  be  used  to  enlarge  the  hall  by  means  of 
folding  doors,  which  will  double  the  seating  capacity.  The  five  floors  above 
'are  furnished  for  offices  and  studios,  front  and  back,  for  the  use  of  musi- 
cians, teachers,  artists,  etc.  There  are  upward  of  fifty  of  these  rooms,  the 
most  of  which  are  already  engaged.  The  hall  and  ware-rooms  are  venti- 
lated by  a  special  system  of  exhaust  ventilation,  by  means  of  which  every 
particle  of  air  can  be  changed  every  fifteen  minutes.  The  temperature  is 
controlled  by  an  electric  apparatus,  which  acts  automatically  and  can  be 
adjusted  so  as  to  furnish  any  degree  of  heat  required.  All  of  the  elevators 
are  run  by  steam  or  water  and  the  building  is  lighted  throughout  by 
incandescent  lights.  The  latest  improvements  of  all  kinds  in  every  depart- 
ment have  been  used,  and  every  detail  carefully  attended  to  in  order  to 
make  this  a  model  structure.  Location  of  building,  243  to  253  Wabash  ave., 
near  Jackson  st. 


Co.—  The  engraving  house  of  Manz  &  Co.,  183,  185  and  187  Monroe 
st.,  is  a  striking  example  of  Chicago  enterprise.  On  the  two  mammoth 
floors,  occupying  over  20,000  feet  of  floor  space,  are  to  be  witnessed  the 
various  processes  of  engraving  in  every  style.  This  hoxise  is  eminent  among 
engraving  establishments  for  the  foresight  of  the  management,  which 
eagerly  adds  every  valuable  new  appliance  to  the  mechanical  department; 
hesitates  not  at  securing  the  services  of  the  best  specialists;  rushes  work 
through  at  Chicago  speed,  and,  with  a  vigilant  and  sleepless  eye,  keeps  the 
standard  of  its  work  up  to  a  higher  point  than  any  other  house.  The  wood 
engraving,  the  wax  engraving  and  the  zinc  and  half-tone  etching  depart- 
ments of  Manz  &  Co.  are  continually  receiving  accessions,  either  in  men  or 
machines,  to  keep  up  with  the  constantly  increasing  demand.  Their  field  is 
not  merely  Chicago,  but  the  North  American  continent.  This  Chicago  house 
engraves  illustrations,  etc.,  for  firms  from  Maine  to  California.  The  eastern 
states  are  no  longer  supplied  solely  by  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  but  much 
of  their  work  is  executed  in  Chicago.  The  firm  of  Manz  &  Co.,  in  addition  to 
their  fame  as  high-class  engravers  in  wood,  wax  and  zinc,  are  perhaps  more 
widely  known  by  their  beautiful  half-tone  work.  In  this  class  of  engraving 
they  successfully  compete  with  plates  produced  by  any  firm  in  the  world. 

Mason  &  Davis  Co.  —  Foundry,  Grand  Crossing,  111.  ;  salesroom,  72,  74  and 
76  Lake  st.  A.  C.  Mason,  president;  F.  B.  Davis,  vice-president;  F.  M.Blair, 
secretary  and  treasurer.  Persons  desiring  the  best  range  in  the  market, 
whether  for  coal,  wood  or  gas,  or  for  both  coal  and  gas,  are  referred  to  this 
establishment,  as  per  advertisement.  See  index  to  advertisers. 


524  GUIDE   TO  CHICAGO. 

Mar  Donald,  Charlex.—  Located  at  55  Washington  st.  This  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  resorts  for  lovers  of  ou.Tent  literature  anl  hooks  of  the  latest 
issue.  Mr.  MacDonald's establishment  is  f amiliar  to  nearly  every  Chicagoan. 
Latest  publications  of  every  description  may  be  found  here.  These  include 
foreign  as/well  as  home  publications.  Mr.  MacDonald's  faculty  for  collecting 
popular  works  of  fiction  is  well  known.  One  may  feel  reasonably  certain  at 
all  times  to  find  the  very  latest  in  romances  on  his  tables.  The  stranger  is 
particularly  directed  to  this  establishment.  Publications  not  in  stock  will 
be  ordered  and  furnished  without  delay.  Mr.  MacDonald,  who  is  of  Scotch 
parentage,  is  still  a  young  man,  being  not  yet  thirty-one  years  of  age.  He 
is  a  native  Chicagoan  and  was  born  in  the  north  division  of  the  city  in  the 
year  1859.  He  began  his  business  career  in  April,  1873,  in  one  of  the  first 
great  buildings  erected  after  the  fire  of  '71. 

McCormick  Harvesting  Machine  Company. — Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  presi- 
dent; Eldridge  M.  Fowler,  vice-president;  E.K.Butler,  general  manager. 
Offices,  Cor.  Wabash  ave.  and  Congress  St.;  works  four  miles  southwest, 
on  the  south  branch  of  the  Chicago  river,  at  the  Cor.  Blue  Island  ave.,  acces- 
sible from  the  business  center  of  the  city,  via  Blue  Island  ave.  street  car 
line. 

That  guide  to  Chicago  would  be  lacking  in  completeness  which  should 
omit  from  its  pages  ac  least  a  cursory  description  of  this  mammoth  institu- 
tion; an  establishment  of  such  magnitude  in  itself,  and  of  such  world-wide 
scope  in  its  influences,  as  to  make  it  the  paragon  of  nineteenth  century 
business  enterprise.  The  signal  of  the  great  success  attained  by  this  com- 
pany was  sounded  when  the  click  of  the  first  McCormick  reaper  re-echoed 
from  the  hill-sides  of  old  Virginia  in  1831.  The  scale  since  then  has  ever 
been  an  ascending  one,  and  each  new  year  succeeds  the  old  to  find  the 
McCormick  a  full  giant's  stride  in  advance  of  the  position  it  occupied  when 
the  last  preceding  record  was  made  up.  Comparisons  need  not  be  given 
hereto  show  this  steady  progress  upward  and  onward,  but  in  a  general  way 
we  may  speak  of  the  McCormick  works  as  they  are  to-day.  Upon  approach- 
ing the  locality,  of  which  they  are  the  conspicuous  center,  their  magnitude 
is  at  once  apparent,  and  in  wondrous  contemplation  we  view  the  scene — the 
spacious  yards;  the  multiplicity  of  substantial  manufacturing  buildings; 
the  long  line  of  warehouses;  the  McCormick  railroad  engine,  plying  back 
and  forth  over  the  miles  of  track  within  the  enclosure  of  the  works;  the 
expanse  of  dock  frontage,  where  the  largest  lake  vessels  are  constantly 
loading  and  unloading  their  cargoes  at  the  very  doors  of  the  works — added 
to  this,  the  busy  buzz  and  hum  and  whirr  of  tireless  machinery,  the  clang- 
ing of  steel  and  iron,  the  industrial  music  of  a  thousand  hammers  in  a  veri- 
table "anvil  chorus,"  the  never-ending  "thud,  thump  and  thud"  of  the 
imported  raw  material  as  it  is  unloaded  from  car  or  steamer,  and  its  equally 
continuous  counterpart  in  acoustics,  resultant  from  the  inversion  of  the 
process,  whereby  the  completed  machines  are  consigned  to  other  cars  and 
other  steamers,  outward  bound  for  other  shores,  carrying  the  McCormick 
to  all  parts  of  the  world — t<J  every  clime  whose  summer  sun  ripens  golden 
grain.  All  this  it  may  well  be  imagined  prepares  one,  before  entering  the 
works  proper,  to  accept  the  truthfulness  of  the  assertion,  oft  reiterated 
and  never  disputed,  that  the  McCormick  works  annually  produce  more 
grain  and  grass-cutting  machines  than  any  other  establishment  in  the 
world. 

INSPECTION  OP  THE  WORKS.— On  a  tour  of  inspection  through  the  works 
what  do  we  see  and  learn?  Briefly,  that  the  floor  space  utilized  in  the  vari- 
ous departments  aggregates  more  than  forty  acres ;  that  2,000  skilled  mechan- 
ics are  employed  in  moulding  and  fashioning  the  individual  parts  of  ma- 
chinery for  their  final  splendid  consolidation  in  the  McCormick  harvesters, 
reapers  and  mowers;  that  in  the  prosecution  of  this  work  there  were  con- 
sumed during  the  year  ending  August  1,  189-2,  20,840  tons  of  special  bar  iron 
and  steel,  2,800  tons  of  sheet  steel  and  26,009  tons  of  castings,  besides  over 
10,000,000  feet  of  lumber  used  chiefly  in  boxing  or  crating  machines  for  ship- 
ment. Very  little  wood,  be  it  remembered,  enters  into  the  construction  of 
the  McCor  nick  product;  none — in  fact,  save  that  used  in  the  tongue,  and, 


.,i  M  ii  \i.   i\i  "KMATIOX.  535 

possibly,  one  or  two  minor  parts — a  portion  so  small  that  the  MiTormick 
harvesters  anil  mowers  are  rightly  termed  "Machines  of  steel."  To  faeili- 
tate  the  handling  of  their  enormous  output  the  Meforinick  works  are  most 
admirably  equipped  ih  ~re  being  covered  sheds  from  the  warehouse,  from 
which  fifty  cars  ca-..  oe  lulled  ami  dispatched  in  a  single  day.  This  seems 
like  a  large  number,  but  when  it  is  considered  that  two  days  will  suffice  to 
manufacture  these  fifty  carloads,  that  they  should  be  loaded  and  shipped  in 
one  day  is  not  a  great  achievement.  "\Vhat!"  you  exclaim,  "twenty-five 
carloads  of  McCormick  machines  manufactured  in  a  single  day?"  It  is  even 
so;  yea,  more  than  this:  for  many  months  of  the  year  the  busy  artisans  of 
these  great  works  succeed  in  turning  out  a  complete  machine  during  every 
minute  of  every  hour  of  every  day.  The  running  of  an  establishment  to 
this  incredible  capacity  is  possible  only  as  the  result  of  a  system ;  a  system, 
the  knowledge  of  whose  details  must  challenge  the  admiration  of  man.  In 
short,  so  thoroughly  systematized  are  all  departments,  and  so  felicitous  are 
the  operations  of  the  specially-designed  machinery  used,  that  the  managers 
are  confident  that  in  no  manufacturing  establishment  in  the  world  is  ma- 
terial worked  into  completed  forms  so  cneaply  and  so  expeditiously  as  in 
the  works  of  the  McCormick  Harvesting  Machine  Company. 

SECRETS  OP  SUCCESS. — The  unrivaled  success  of  the  McCormick  Company 
and  its  proud  position  in  the  industrial  and  commercial  world  is  such  that 
one  is  involuntarily  prompted  to  ask  the  secret  thereof;  to  learn  of  those 
seemingly-hidden  mysteries  whereby  such  pre-eminence  is  attained.  With 
the  McCormick  Company,  however,  these  secrets,  these  mysteries,  exist 
only  in  the  seeming.  There  are  two  fundamental  rules  for  an  enviable 
>uc<-ess  in  legitimate  business,  especially  that  branch  of  business  repre- 
sented by  the  transactions  of  the  buyer  and  the  seller:  First,  the  seller 
must  have  an  article  or  a  commodity  which  the  buyer  really  wants,  and, 
secondly,  the  buyer  must  be  accorded  uniformly  fair  and  honorable  treat- 
ment at  the  hands  of  the  seller.  Would  the  readerknow how  well  this  second 
requirement  is  observed  by  the  McCormick  Company,  he  is  respectfully 
referred  to  the  reputation  that  company  has  builded  in  the  past  half  cen- 
tury; to  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  agriculturalists  of  all  lands  with 
whom  they  have  had  business  relations.  As  to  the  conditions  precedent— 
the  production  of  an  article  which  is  wanted — it  is  not  probable  that  it  is  so 
nearly  fulfilled  by  any  manuf acturiug  establishment  in  the  world  as  by  the 
McC'ormick  Company,  and  if  we  have  digressed  from  those  topics  suggested 
by  a  visit  to  their  works,  we  return  now  to  speak  more  fully  of  this  particular 
feature,  with  which  one  is  most  favorably  impressed.  We  refer  to  theexperi- 
mental  department.  The  immediate,  success  of  the  McCormick  machines 
and  their  many  patented  improvements  that  appear  from  time  totime,  is  due 
to  the  fact  that  all  experimenting  is  done  by  the  manufacturers,  so  that 
when  a  machine  is  placed  upon  the  market  and  labeled  "McCormick  "  the 
public  knows  that  it  has  passed  the  experimental  stage  and  will  accomplish 
the  results  for  which  it  was  designed.  At  the  McCormick  works  new  ideas 
presenting  the  possibility  of  practicability  are  not  accepted  until  possibility 
has  been  reduced  to  certainty.  Entire  machines  are  built,  taken  into  the 
field  and  given  thorough  tests  under  all  conditions.  They  are  not  foisted 
upon  the  farmers  simply  because  they  9*tm  to  possess  merit.  All  doubts 
must  first  be  removed;  the  McC'ormick  Company  is  not  willing  that  its  ex- 
perimenting should  be  done  at  the  expense  of  its  patrons. 

A  Ci'RiosiTY. — One  of  the  curiosities  in  the  possession  of  the  McCormick 
Company  is  a  time-worn  and  weather-beaten  specimen  of  the  original 
Heaper,  as  invented  by  the  late  Cyruj  H.  McCormick,  the  first  practical 
machine  that  ever  entered  a  harvest  field,  and  the  admitted  "type  and 
pattern  after  which  all  others  are  modeled."  What  volumes  the  storm- 
buffeted  old  landmark  speaks  to  the  grey-haired  man  of  the  middle  west: 
Why,  to  watch  the  old  Mci'orrnick  Reaper  was  the  delight  of  hisearliest  boy- 
hood,  and,  stinding  in  its  august  presence  now,  he  lives  over  again  the 
sunny  days  of  life's  June,  the  while  the  dear  remembered  faces  of  father  and 
mother  come  back  to  him,  and  in  fancy  he  feels  the  "touch  of  a  vanished 
hand  "  hears  the  '•  sound  of  a  voice  that  is  still." 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  527 

EXPOSITION  EXHIBIT. — So  widespread  is  the  distribution  of  this  make  of 
grain  and  grass  harvesting  machines  that  it  has  been  well  said :  "The  sun 
never  sets  on  the  McCormick,"  and  the  company's  exhibit  at  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition  will  be  the  Mecca  of  the  pilgrims  of  every  land.  The 
display,  we  are  assured,  will  be  well  worthy  the  attention  it  will  receive. 

AT  THE  HEAD  op  ITS  CLASS. — But  we  must  pass  on.  Indisputably  at  the 
head  of  its  class,  manufacturing  more  than  one-third  of  the  world's  entire 
output  of  grain  and  grass-cutting  machines,  a  detailed  showingofthe  vast 
annual  product  of  the  McCormick  Harvesting  Machine  Company,  and  a 
recapitulation  of  its  widespread  business  interests,  would  be  an  undertaking 
beyond  the  scope  of  this  volume,  embracing,  as  it  necessarily  would,  a  com- 
pilation of  facts  and  figures  of  such  magnitude,  of  such  stupendous  propor- 
tions as  to  well  nigh  establish  an  abiding.faith  in  the  mystic  magic  of  the 
genii  of  old,  and  to  tear  the  veil  of  skepticism  from  the  wildest  prophecies  of 
the  seer  of  to-day.  What  has  here  been  touched  upon  must  be  accepted  only 
as  an  intimation  of  the  actuality.  To  the  reader,  the  compiler  of  the  GUIDE 
would  simply  say  in  conclusion:  "Go  and  see  for  yourself."  The  verdict  of 
the  world  accords  the  palm  to  the  McCormick  and  the  world's  verdict  is 
always  an  impartial  one. 

Mead  &  Coe.— Real  estate,  loans,  and  investments,  100  Washington  St., 
first  established  their  business  in  January,  1867,  which  places  them  among 
the  veterans  in  the  real  estate  field,  and  in  their  long  and  busy  career  have 
become  a  very  important  part  in  the  up-building  of  Chicago.  By  honest 
and  faithful  attention  to  all  matters  entrusted  to  their  care  they  have  built 
up  not  only  a  large  and  substantial  business,  but  also  an  enviable  reputa- 
tion for  sound,  conservative  judgment  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  its 
respective  branches.  The  different  department  of  sales,  renting  and  loans 
are  each  in  charge  of  an  efficient  manager,  who  devotes  his  entire  time  to 
his  particiilar  department,  so  that  each  transaction  receives  full  attention 
in  all  its  details.  Consequently,  it  is  not  surprising  that  the  name  of  the 
firm  is  connected  with  some  of  the  largest  transactions  in  the  market. 
Devoting  special  attention  to  the  care  and  management  of  property,  and 
investments  for  income,  they  have  under  their  charge  much  property 
belonging  to  their  clients  including  some  of  the  finest  central  office  property 
in  the  city,  such  as  the  sixteen-story  Title  and  Trust  Building,  the  new 
Hartford  building,  the  Royal  Insurance  building,  in  which  are  the  general 
offices  of  the  Royal  Insurance  Company,  also  the  Royal  Trust  Company 
Bank  of  Chicago,  of  which  Mr.  Coe  is  the  president;  the  Brother  Jonathan 
building,  the  La  Salle  block,  Portland  block,  University  Club  building, 
Briggs  House  hotel.  The  members  of  the  firm  are :  Aaron  B.  Mead,  Albert 
L.  Coe  and  George  W.  Cobb. 

Mid- Continent  Publishing  Company,  The.—Ot  this  city,  well  known  as 
manufacturers  of  progressive  school  apparatus,  was  organized  in  1889  by 
Edward  Owings  Towne,  and  began  the  publishing  of  books  for  the  trade 
in  a  small  way.  Business  grew  rapidly,  and  in  another  year  a  school  siipply 
department  was  added.  In  the  last  two  years  the  business  has  grown 
almost  entirely  into  the  manufacture  of  progressive  school  apparatus  and 
appliances  to  assist  in  teaching  by  means  of  object  lessons.  As  object 
lesson  teaching  is  the  approved  latter  day  method,  the  step  taken  by  the 
Mid-Continent  Publishing  Company  was  timely  and  far-sighted.  Their  high 
grade  school  supplies  are  being  adopted  by  schools  and  colleges  through- 
out the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  thinking  teachers  who  are  in  search 
of  the  most  advanced  ideas  will  find  them  embodied  in  the  goods  manufact- 
ured by  this  company. 

Monarch  Cycle  Company. — Few  have  any  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the 
arrangements  entered  into  by  the  Monarch  Cycle  Co.,  of  Chicago,  for  the 
manufacttire  of  bicycles.  The  works,  which  are  situated  on  N.  Halsted  St., 
occupy  an  enormous  block  of  seven  stories,  containing  about  100,000  square 
feet.  The  workshops,  which  are  very  spacious  and  well  lighted,  have  been 
especially  fitted  up  with  the  latest  and  most  improved  labor-saving  machin- 
ery for  the  manufacture  of  high-grade  bicycles,  and  there  are  few  factories  in 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  529 

this  country  that  can  compare  with  it.  The  machine  room,  where  the  parts 
are  prepai'ed  in  the  rough,  is  a  spacious  shop  about  200  feet  square,  and  is  a 
perfect  bee  hive  of  industry.  One  must  see  the  army  of  busy,  skilled 
mechanics,  as  they  carry  on  the  work  of  cycle  manufacturing  here  to  realize 
the  extent  of  the  trade  which  this  company  has  undertaken.  Each  man 
has  his  own  particular  work  to  do,  and  as  he  is  held  responsible  for  its  quali- 
ty there  is  little  possibility  that  his  task  will  be  carelessly  handled  or  slighted 
in  the  least;  particularly  as  it  is  subjected  to  careful  expert  examination  at 
every  stage.  This  feature  in  itself  is  a  great  security  to  the  patrons  of  the 
Monarch  Cycle  Co.  From  the  machine  room  we  pass  through  the  various 
other  shops,  viz:  the  wheel  room,  where  the  wheels  are  painted,  japanned 
and  baked;  the  burnishing  room,  where  the  metals  get  a  clean,  bright  face; 
the  nickel-plating  room,  where  handlebar,  cranks  and  other  bright  parts 
ai*e  coppered  and  nickeled ;  the  assembling  room,  where  the  bicycles  are 
finally  put  together  and  adjusted,  before  being  handed  over  to  the  eagle- 
eyed  inspector,  whose  special  function  it  is  to  examine  each  and  every 
machine  before  labeling  and  passing  it  to  the  shipping  department.  Mr.  J. 
W.  Riser,  the  courteous  general  manager — himself  an  enthusiastic  wheel- 
man— and  Mr.  L.  M.  Richardson,  the  assistant-manager,  have  taken  every 
precaution  to  insure  that  no  machine  leaves  the  works  until  it  is  submitted 
to  the  closest  scrutiny.  The  work  of  cycle  building  is  entrusted  only  to 
mechanics  of  tried  skill  and  experience,  and  only  materials  of  the 
highest  grade  are  used  in  their  manufacture.  All  that  enterprise,  exper- 
ience and  capital  can  produce  may  be  expected  of  the  Monarch  Cycle  Com- 
pany, and  we  have  no  hesitation  in  predicting  that  the  firm  will  always 
enjoy  a  very  high  reputation  in  the  cycle-building  trade.  During  the  sea- 
son of  1893  this  company  will  build  from  5,000  to  6,000  high-grade  wheels. 
They  employ  at  the  present  time  nearly  300  people,  and  will  produce  seven- 
ty-five bicycles  per  day  after  February  15th. 

Northern  Assurance  Company  of  London.— One  of  the  most  substantial  of 
England's  financial  institutions  is  "the  Northern  Assurance  Company  of 
London,  which  is  transacting  a  general  fire  insurance  business  in  this 
country  and  Canada,  as  well  as  throughout  the  world.  This  sterling  com- 
pany was  organized  in  1836,  at  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  and  its  management 
soon  found  it  necessary  to  have  headquarters  maintained  in  London,  as  well, 
to  properly  manage  the  large  business  it  rapidly  acquired  through  its  various 
sub-offices.  Since  it  was  founded  it  has  paid  to  its  policy  holders  in  losses 
the  enormous  sum  of  over  $38,000,000,  one-fifth  of  which  sum  has  been  paid 
to  claimants  in  the  United  States.  It  has  accumulated  funds  for  the  security 
of  its  fire  policies  of  over  $8,000,000,  with  liabilities  of  less  than  $3,000,000, 
leaving  a  surplus  exceeding  $5,000,000.  Its  reputation  for  prompt  and  equit- 
able settlements  is  thoroughly  established,  and  with  honest  claimants  it  has 
never  been  known  to  quibble  or  introduce  technicalities.  Bankers  and 
mortgagees  readily  accept  its  policies  for  as  large  insurance  as  the  com- 
pany is  willing  to  grant,  and  not  a  few  of  the  most  conservative  insist  upon 
its  policies  in  transactions  in  which  they  have  the  naming  of  the  insurance 
companies.  For  the  convenience  of  its  patrons  in  the  United  Stales  it  has 
established  agencies  in  all  the  cities  and  towns,  with  managing  depai'tments 
in  the  principal  cities.  The  company,  appreciating  the  importance  of  Chi- 
cago as  a  commercial  center,  has  established  here,  not  only  a  general  office 
for  the  transaction  of  its  large  business  throughout  theoiorthwestern  states 
and  territories,  but  a  local  office  as  well,  so  that  its  patrons  in  Chicago  may 
deal  direct  with  the  company.  All  losses  in  these  offices  are  paid,  without 
reference,  by  check  on  their  Chicago  bankers.  The  Northwestern  depart- 
ment is  located  at  226  La  Salle  St.,  and  is  under  the  management  of  Wm.  D. 
Crooke.  The  local  office  for  city  and  suburban  business  is  at  170  La  Salle 
St.,  in  charge  of  Charles  Nelson  Bishop,  as  city  manager.  The  insuring  pub- 
lic  can  have  no  better  security  than  a  policy  in  the  reliable  "  Northern  of 
London." 

Oakwood  Springs  Sanitarium,  Lake  Geneva,  Wis.— This  sanitarium  was 
founded  in  1883  by  Dr.  Oscar  A.  King  of  Chicago,  the  distinguished  professor 
of  nervous  and  mental  diseases  in  the  college  of  physicians  and  surgeons. 


Oakwood  Springs  Sanitarium. 


Within  the  Grounds. 


View  of  Lake  Geneva. 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 

OAKWOOD  SPRINGS  SANITARIUM  VIEWS. 

[See  "  Western  Industry."] 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  531 

Professor  King  is  its  president  and  superintendent.  His  office  is  at  70  State 
st.  The  Sanitarium  is  a  model  institution,  constructed  at  a  cost  of  $106,000, 
and  is  situated  in  a  fine  park  of  sixty-three  acres,  overlooking-  the  lake  and 
village  and  commanding1  the  most  delightful  and  extensive  views.  The  park 
is,  in  its  highest  point,  more  than  fifty  feet  above  the  lake,  and  presents  a 
charmingly  undulating  surface,  possesses  a  lake  of  twanty  acres,  and  is 
covered,  in  its  entire  area,  by  great  oaks  and  magnificent  forest  trees.  Its 
slopes,  while  nowhere  abrupt  and  everywhere  sufficiently  gentle  to  permit 
of  easy  ascent,  yet  lead  to  valleys  of  sufficient  depth  to  give  the  most 
delightful  variety  and  pleasing  effect  to  the  landscape.  Apartments  can  be 
taken  only  by  patients  actually  under  treatment.  They  are  arranged  so  as 
to  give  guests  all  the  quiet  and  privacy  of  their  own  homes.  This  sanitar- 
ium is  exclusively  for  the  treatment  of  diseases  of  the  brain  and  nervous 
system.  Cases  admitted  include  nervous  diseases  of  children,  impediments 
of  speech,  nervous  prostration,  motor  and  sensory  affections  of  the 
nervous  system,  neurasthenia  from  toxic  agents,  mild  cases  of  mental 
diseases,  and  gynecological  cases  when  complicated  by  nervous 
derangement.  The  arrangement  is  such  as  to  give  to  each  patient  a  room, 
or  a  suite,  as  may  be  required.  These  communicate  with  the  parlors 
and  halls,  so  as  to  afford,  in  all  suitable  cases,  the  utmost  freedom  and 
enjoyment  of  house  and  grounds.  .  Or,  when  desirable,  many  of  the  most 
pleasant  rooms  can  be  entirely  isolated  from  all  others.  By  these  plans, 
therefore,  it  is  possible  to  permit  the  greatest  freedom,  and  at  the  same 
time  protect  every  patient  in  the  house  from  annoyance  by  any  other. 
Cheerfulness,  comfort  and  safety  have  been  the  controlling  ideas  in  the 
architecture.  No  crowding  is  at  any  time  permitted,  and  the  number 
under  treatment  is  governed,  at  all  times  and  entirely,  by  the  best  interests 
of  the  patients  themselves.  MEDICAL  STAFF:  Oscar  A.  King,  M.  D.,  presi- 
dent and  superintendent,  professor  of  diseases  of  the  brain  and  nervous 
system,  and  of  clinical  medicine,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Chi- 
cago; physician-in-chief  to  department  for  nervous  diseases,  West  Side 
Free  Dispensary,  Chicago.  George  A.  Post,  M.  D.,  assistant  superinten- 
dent. The  attending  physicians  are  Chas.  Warrington  Earle,  M.  D.,  pres- 
ident Women's  Medical  College,  Chicago;  Frank  E.  Waxham,  professor  of 
diseases  of  children,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Chicago;  Henry 
Palmer,  M.  D.,  Janesville,  Wis.,  surgeon-general  of  Wisconsin,  and  profes- 
sor of  operative  and  clinical  surgery,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Chicago;  William  E.  Quine,  M.  D.,  Chicago,  111.,  professor  of  practice  of 
medicine,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Chicago.  Consisting  physi- 
cians :  Drs.  Lyman,  Brower  and  Jackson,  of  Chicago.  Lake  Geneva  is  two 
hours  from  Chicago  on  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  railway. 

Orcutt  Co.,  The.— Location  48  and  50  Wabash  ave.  This  is  one  of  the 
greatest  lithographic  establishments  in  the  world.  The  work  turned  out 
annually  is  familiar  to  the  American  public.  It  ranges  from  the  ordinary 
to  the  most  superb  grades  of  lithography.  The  Orcutt  company  makes  a 
specialty  of  the  finest  grade  of  color  work  and  has  facilities  for  handling 
large  orders  promptly.  The  World's  Fair  buildings  have  been  made  a  feat- 
ure during  the  past  year.  The  beautiful  lithographs  of  the  great  depart- 
ment, and  state  and  foreign  buildings,  bird's-eye  views,  etc.,  that  have 
charmed  the  eyes  of  millions  of  people,  are  all  from  the  artists,  engravers 
and -printers  of  this  company.  Some  of  these  are  splendid  imitations  of 
water  colors  in  ten  or  more  printings.  Strangers  should  visit  the  display 
rooms  of  the  Orcutt  company. 

Pettibone,  Mulliken  &  Company's  Works.— Situated  on  four  acres  of 
ground,  occupying  the  block  bounded  by  Hawthorn  ave.,  Eastman,  Dayton 
and  Rees  sts.,  having  450  feet  front  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fe  St.  Paul 
railway.  The  buildings  are  of  substantial  character,  built  of  brick,  and 
cover  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  property.  Pettibone,  Mulliken  <fe  Company 
are  manufacturers  of  Strom  Clamp  Frogs,  Channel  -Split  Switches,  Axel 
Automatic  Switch  Stands,  Pilot  Automatic  Switch  Stands,  Banner  Switch 
Stands,  Mark  Switch  Stands,  Samson  Head  Chairs,  Tie  Bars,  and  ordinary 
frogs,  crossings,  split  switches,  combination  slip  switches,  also  Alkins 


532  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

Forged  Steel  Rail  Braces,  Jenne  Track  Jacks,  Union  Track  Drills,  Perfec 
tion  Track  Drills,  Roller  Rail  Benders,  and  Union  Counterbalance  Hoists 
for  ore  docks. 

All  frogs,  crossings,  and  switches  are  worked  cold.  All  parts  of  the 
various  appliances  turned  out  are  made  to  templet ;  are  interchangeable, 
and  are  manufactured  by  special  machinery. 

The  Union  Counterbalance  Hoist  for  ore  docks  are  the  latest  improved 
appliances  for  raising  chutes  on  ore  docks.  This  hoist  has  been  placed  on 
several  large  docks  in  the  west.  The  specialties  manufactured,  such  as  the 
Jenne  Track  Jack,  the  Roller  Rail  Bender,  the  Union  and  Perfection  Track 
Drills,  and  the  Alkins  Forged  Steel  Rail  Brace  are  used  on  nearly  every 
railroad  in  the  United  States  and  many  foreign  roads.  The  Jenne  Track 
Jack  was  the  first  friction  track  jack  put  on  the  market. 

Pettibone,  P.  F.  Company. — Located  at  46  to  50  Jackson  st.,  convenient 
of  access  alike  from  the  wholesale,  retail  and  manufacturing  sections. 
This  house  does  a  large  business  in  counting  house  supplies,  printing  and 
blank  books.  Organized  in  1881  as  Brown,  Pettibone  &  Kelly,  it  has  had  a 
steady  and  substantial  growth.  Its  business  is  chiefly  with  consumers, 
city  and  country.  Its  trade  in  county  office  and  bank  stationary  supplies 
extends  widely  over  the  northwest.  The  manufacturing  departments  are 
equipped  with  the  best  modern  machinery.  Thei»-  patent  flat-opening 
blank  books  have  a  wide  reputation.  [See  cut  of  bu  ing.] 

Photo-Tint  Engraving  Company,  The. — The  Photo  Tint  Engraving  Com- 
pany, of  80  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago,  derives  its  name  from  a  modern  process 
of  engraving  which  is  made  direct  from  photographs  and  produces  a 
screen  or  tint  effect;  this  style  of  engraving  is  more  widely  known,  of  late, 
under  the  appellation  of  half-tone.  While  the  half-tone  engraving  is  com- 
paratively a  new  process,  having  only  been  adopted  for  commercial  use 
within  the  last  three  or  four  years,  yet,  in  this  period,  it  has  superseded 
the  wood  and  other  photo  processes  and  consequently  has  sprung  into  the 
first  rank  of  the  engraving  world.  Half-tone  engravings  are  made  on  hard 
metal,  type  high  and  ready  for  the  printing  press;  these  engravings  being 
very  fine,  it  is  necessary  in  order  to  obtain  the  best  results  to  print  them  on 
enamel  coated  or  hard  calendered  paper;  nevertheless,  owing  to  their 
popularity,  the  better  class  of  newspapers  are  adopting  them  for  illustrat- 
ing their  articles  and  advertisements,  for,  in  this  day  of  progression,  the 
latter  are  not  complete  without  an  accompanying  illustration.  The  live 
business  man,  to  secure  the  attention  of  readers,  finds  it  imperative  to 
illustrate  his  advertisements.  The  Photo-Tint  Engraving  Company  wras 
especially  established  for  the  above  class  of  work ;  but,  at  the  same  time,  it 
has  not  been  backward  in  gradually  forcing  itself  into  all  the  other 
branches  of  photo  and  wood  engraving,  and  now  stands  the  compeer  of  the 
oldest  and  best  concerns  in  the  country.  The  president  and  manager,  Mr. 
D.  C.  Bitter,  being  one  of  the  pioneers  in  photo-engraving  in  Chicago,  has 
lost  no  opportunity  to  take  advantage  of  all  improvements  and  methods  to 
produce  the  finest  work  possible,  and  thus  enhance  the  engraving  art. 

Pridmore,  W.  A.— Real  estate,  loans  and  investments.  City  office,  115 
Dearborn  st.,  rooms  123  and  124;  South  side  office  Cor.  Cottage  Grove  ave. 
and  forty-seventh  st.  Pays  special  attention  to  the  care  and  management 
of  Chicago  real  estate  and  makes  a  specialty  of  the  South  side.  Property 
sold,  buildings  rented,  taxes  paid  and  the  general  care  of  property  for  non- 
residents. Loans  placed  on  first  mortgages  upon  improved  city  real  estate 
at  current  market  rates.  Mortgages  for  sale  drawing  six  to  seven  per  cent 
interest.  South  side  office,  in  the  center  of  the  great  South  side,  the  most 
popular  portion  of  Chicago.  Conservative  investments  always  on  hand  in 
the  form  of  mortgages,  business  buildings  and  all  class  of  income  paying 
property.  Mr.  Pridmore  is  secretary  of  the  Chicago  and  Suburban  Building 
and  Loan  Association.  Correspondence  solicited  and  all  information  concern- 
ing Chicago  realty  cheerfully  given.  References  furnished  on  application. 

Produce  Cold  Storage  Exchange. — The  fire-proot  warehouses  of  thisenor- 
rnoxis  refrigerating  establishment  are  centrally  situated  on  the  west  bank 


GENERAL   INFORMATION.  533 

of  tiie  Chicago  river,  built  on  the  intervening  block  between  Lake  and 
Randolph  sts.,  thereby  insuring  first-class  dockage  and  railroad  facilities, 
and  are  most  conveniently  located  for  the  produce  houses  of  S.  Water  st., 
Market  st.  and  Randolph  st.  The  property  extends  over  an  entire  block  of 
382  feet  from  West  Lake  st.  to  West  Randolph  st.  The  width  of  the  eastern 
building  which  skii-ts  the  edg"!  of  the  river  and  the  railroad  tracks  is  75 feet 
and  the  western  building  is  85  feet  wide  running  from  W.  Water  st.  rail- 
road tracks  to  Cold  Storage  Place.  The  first  section  of  the  eastern  build- 
ing was  finished  and  opened  for  business  about  four  years  ago,  and  three 
sections  of  the  western  building,  11  stories  and  basement,  were  completed 
last  year.  The  warehouses  ai'e  splendidly  constmcted  for  cold  storage  bus- 
iness, substantially  built  of  iron  and  brick,  and  perfectly  finished  with  fire- 
proofing  by  the  Pioneer  Fire-Proof  Construction  Company.  All  the  walls 
and  rooms  are  carefully  insulated,  and  the  entire  establishment  is  fitted 
up  with  all  modei'n  appliances,  and  the  latest  improvements  in  mechanical 
refrigeration,  The  eastern  section  isi'efrigerated  by  Anhydrous  ammonia, 
made  on  the  premises  by  what  is  technically  known  as  the  absorption 
machine  process.  The  western  sections  are  operated  by  large  duplicate  De 
La  Vergne  Compressors.  The  operating  plants  of  the  eastern  and  western 
sections  are  interchangeable  and  are  connected  together  by  an  iron  conduit 
built  under  the  railroad  tracks.  The  cooling  pipes  running  through  the 
freezing  rooms  are  constructed  upon  what  is  known  as  the  direct  expansion 
plan,  superseding  the  unsatisfactory  and  old  fashioned  plan  of  cooling 
brine  or  chloride  of  calcium.  This  new  system  combined  with  an  improved 
method  of  air  circulation  and  ventilation  enables  the  company  to  guarantee, 
with  absolute  certainty,  a  dry  pure  atmosphere,  and  by  the  aid  of  improved 
regxilating  valves,  they  give  and  maintain  indefinitely,  any  degree  of  tem- 
perature required  from  50 o  above  to  20°  below  zero,  all  of  these  require- 
ments being  absolutely  necessary  to  insure  perfect  success  in  the  preserva- 
tion of  perishable  products. 

In  addition  to  the  complete  duplicate  refrigerating  plant  in  the  new 
power  house,  there  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  complete  warehouse 
electrical  plants  in  Chicago.  It  is  composed  of  two  large  Corliss  engines, 
three  Edison  and  Thomson-Houston  dynamos,  and  five  motors  for  operating 
the  elevators,  the  boiler  room,  coal  and  cinder  aconveyors,  and  other 
machinery.  Inside,  every  room  and  corridor  of  the  establishment  is  splen- 
didly equipped  with  incandescent  lamps,  and  the  outside  platforms  are 
fitted  up  with  arc  lights.  The  present  storage  capacity  is  one  million  cubic 
feet.  Additional  sections  will  shortly  be  erected  to  complete  plans  already 
laid  out,  making  the  total  capacity  about  three  million  cubic  feet.  When 
completed,  it  will  rank  as  the  largest  and  most  complete  refrigerating 
enterprisein  the  world.  The  total  cost  of  the  buildings  and  machinery  will 
be  about  two  and  a  half  million  dollars.  Under  a  careful  and  conserva- 
tive management  this  corporation  is  doing  a  large  and  increasing  business 
in  cold  storage,  bonded  storage,  and  dockage.  Their 'mammoth  ware- 
houses contain  immense  quantities  of  butter,  eggs,  cheese,  poultry,  meals, 
and  game,  drawn  from  all  parts  of  the  northwestern  territories ;  lemons, 
oranges  and  grapes  are  there  from  Messina,  Florida  and  California;  all 
kinds  of  dried  fruit  from  soxithern  Europe,  Turkey  and  Persia;  rice  from 
Japan;  beer,  ale,  stout  and  wines  from  Europe;  apples  from  Canada  and 
Maine,  and  fish  from  the  Pacific,  the  Atlantic,  Gulf  of -Mexico  and  the 
northern  lakes  of  Canada;  all  going  to  show  that  the  city  of  Chicago  is  fast 
becoming  the  great  central  distributing  market  of  the  universe.  The  gen- 
eral offices  of  the  corporation  are  located  in  the  main  bxiilding,  7  to  13  W. 
Lake  st..  and  the  officers  are  :  Geo.  M.  Moulton,  president;  E.  G.  W.  Rietz, 
vice-president;  Adolph  Loeb,  treasurer;  W.  W.  Hook,  general  manager: 
Chas.  M.^tratton,  secretary;  James  McGregor,  superintendent. 

n^i/n/igfon  Typewriter.  —  Wyckoff,  Seamans  &  Benedict,  proprietors; 
offices  in  all  the  large  cities  of  this  country,  and  .at  London  and  Manchester, 
England;  Chicago  office,  175  Monroe  street.  This  typewriter  is  in  use 
throughout  the  civilized  world.  Although  bearing  the  name  of  "Reming- 
ton." aside  from  the  fact  that  in  its  early  histoi-y  the  machine  was  taken  to 


534  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

the  then  well-known  Remington  firearms  and  sewing  machine  factory  at 
Dion,  N.  Y.,  and  from  there  first  placed  in  a  quiet  way  upon  the  market,  the 
name  had  nothing  to  do  with  its  invention,  and  very  little  to  do  witu  its  sub- 
sequent improvement.  The  successful  invention,  improvement  and  intro- 
duction of  the  Remington  typewriter,  and  the  resulting  success  of  all  other 
(though  competing)  writing  machines  of  to-day,  is  due  wholly  to  the  enter- 
prise, perseverance,  business  foresight  and  indefatigable  energy  of  the 
present  Remington  owners,  who  perfected  and  popularized  the  "Reming- 
ton"—W.  O.  Wyckoff,  C.  W.  Seamans  and  H.  H.  Benedict— the  men  who  have 
controlled  its  destiny,  shaped  it  to  its  present  perfection,  and  wholly  popu- 
larized its  use,  since  1879,  at  which  time  the  instrument  had  been  scarcely 
heard  of,  and  then  only  to  be  regarded  with  suspicion  and  disfavor.  These 
three  men  have  made  the  "typewriter"  and  "  typewriting "  what  it  is  to- 
day, and  to  them  more  than  to  any  other  men  (more,  even,  than  to  the  inven- 
tors themselves,  who  left  the  machine  in  a  very  crude  and  impracticable 
shape)  are  due  the  gratitude  and  grateful  remembrance  of  a  world  of 
writers  whom  they  have  so  munificently  served. 

Hice  &  Whitacre  Manufacturiny  Company.— Located  47  and  49  S.  Canal 
street.  Established  as  a  firm  1880.  Incorporated,  1887.  Manufacture 
and  handle  engines,  boilers,  steam  pumps,  power  transmitting  machinery, 
steam  and  hot  water  heating  apparatus.  Among  goods  of  their  own  manu- 
facture are  the  " Kriebel "  steam  engines  and  the  "Triumph"  steam  and 
hot  water  heaters.  They  are  also  agents  in  the  West  for  the  "  Gurney  "  hot 
water  heaters,  and  handle  a  large  line  of  stationary,  automatic  and  hoist- 
ing engines  outside  of  those  of  their  own  manufacture,  as  well  as  steel 
boilers  of  all  styles.  As  a  part  of  their  local  business  they  contract  for  the 
erection  of  complete  steam-power  plants.  Outside  of  Chicago  their  trade  in 
certain  lines  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  some  of  their 
goods  are  sold  for  export.  Their  shops  are  well  equipped  with  modern 
improvements  and  facilities,  including  the  latest  machinery,  while  a  large 
force  of  skilled  men  is  required  to  meet  the  demands  of  their  constantly 
increasing  patronage. 

Ritchie,  W.  C.  &  Co. — Among  the  industries  of  Chicago  which  have 
grown  with  the  growth  of  the  city,  that  of  paper-box  making  is  specially 
worthy  of  notice;  W.C.Ritchie  &  Company  being  the  most  successful  in 
that  line.  This  firm  is  the  successor  of  Ritchie  &  Duck,  which  was  formed 
September  1,  1866,  with  a  capital  of  only  $1,600,  and  sales  for  first  year  of 
$10,000.  Immediately  after  the  fire  of  1871  they  erected  a  temporary  building 
at  413  W.  Van  Buren,  and  in  October,  1872,  they  removed  to  154  and  155  Michi- 
gan ave.,  occupying  two  and  one-half  floors,  40x150.  By  purchasing  the 
property  and  adding  two  stories  to  the  building,  they  managed  to  take  care 
of  their  growing  trade  till  the  end  of  the  year  1891,  when  thej^moved  into 
their  present  quarters,  built  expressly  for  their  business,  at  the  S.  W.  Cor. 
Van  Buren  and  Green  sts.,  and  owned  by  the  senior  member  of  the  firm.  A 
cut  of  the  building  is  shown  on  another  page.  This  establishment  is  un- 
doubtedly the  most  complete  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States,  and  has  two 
acres  floor  space,  fully  equipped  with  all  the  improved  machinery  in  their 
line,  including  a  machine-shop  for  repairs.  As  they  pay  a  low  rent  and  take 
the  entire  product  of  a  straw  board  mill,  they  are  enabled  to  manufacture 
their  goods  with  the  least  possible  expense,  and  their  aim  is,  by  low  prices, 
to  increase  their  business  so  that  in  a  few  years  they  will  need  the  whole 
building.  Their  success  shows  them  to  be  wide-awake  Chicago  men. 

Sawyer- Goodman  Co. — The  Sawyer-Goodman  Company,  500  Lumber  st. 
and  107  Dearborn  st.,  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  widely  known  lumber 
companies  in  America.  Its  officers  were  pioneers  in  the  manufacture  of 
lumber  in  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  and  it  now  owns  large  areas  of  pine 
forests  in  those  states,  and  its  mills  are  of  the  largest  capacity  and  most 
modern  construction.  The  distributing  yards  in  Chicago  are  among  the 
most  extensive  in  the  city,  with  one  thousand  feet  of  dock  front  and  track 
room  to  load  fifty  cars  daily.  Having  ample  rooom  for  piling  in  these  great 
yards,  a  stock  of  lumber,  unsurpassed  in  extent,  is  constantly  on  hand,  from 
which  demands  for  pine  lumber  for  every  conceivable  purpose  can  in- 


536  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

promptly  filled ;  whether  from  the  wholesale  lumber  merchant  of  Chicago, 
to  supply  the  deficiencies  of  his  stock,  or  from  the  lumbermen  of  other  cities, 
or  more  especially  for  shipment  by  rail  to  the  more  remote,  but  no  less 
important  trade  of  the  retail  lumber  dealers  in  all  parts  of  the  country. 
This  company  also  mamifactures  and  supplies  from  its  mills  large  quanti- 
ties of  the  stock  handled  by  other  lumbermen.  The  combined  sales  of  its 
mills  and  Chicago  yards  have  exceeded  an  average  of  75,000,000  feet  annu- 
ally for  many  years.  To  the  stranger  in  Chicago  a  visit  to  these  yards  and 
docks  on  the  river  near  Twenty-second  st.  bridge  would  be  very  interesting, 
and  tourists  who  desire  to  see  something  of  this  most  important  industry 
would  be  well  repaid  for  a  visit  to  the  mills  of  the  company  at  Marinette, 
Wisconsin,  only  one  night's  ride  from  Chicago  by  palace  car.  The  president 
of  this  company  is  Hon.  Philetus  Sawryer,  of  Wisconsin,  the  well-known 
United  States  senator;  the  active  officers  in  Chicago  being  James  B.  Good- 
man, secretary,  and  Wm.  O.  Goodman,  treasurer. 

Staver  &  Abbott  Manufacturing  Co. — This  firm  is  the  consolidation 
of  the  H.  C.  Staver  Manufacturing  Company  and  the  Abbott  Buggy  Company, 
the  present  firm  having  been  organized  Nov.  1, 1890.  Though  comparatively 
a  young  firm  they  easily  stand  in  the  first  ranks  among  the  carriage  builders 
of  the  country,  not  only  in  volume  of  business,  but  for  the  high  grade  and 
excellence  of  their  product.  Their  factory,  located  at  Auburn  Park,  in  Chi- 
cago (Seventy-sixth  and  Wallace  sts.)  covers  six  acres  of  ground,  and  is  one 
of  the  best  equipped  establishments  of  its  kind.  Large  stocks  of  material, 
skilled  workmen,  the  latest  improved  machinery  combined  with  energy  and 
experience  make  them  leaders  in  their  branch  of  the  trade.  Their  city  re- 
pository is  at  381  385  Wabash  ave.,  where  they  have  a  seven-story  building, 
70x165  feet.  Their  general  offices  are  located  here.  They  have  a  very  large 
retail  trade  in  the  city  of  Chicago,  and  they  show  in  this  building  samples  of 
almost  every  known  style  of  vehicle  and  of  the  finest  grades.  In  this  build- 
ing, also,  they  have  their  harness  factory,  employing  a  large  number  of 
skilled  workmen.  Their  specialty  is  fine,  hand-made  harness,  and  they 
produce  every  style  from  the  light,  graceful  driving  or  track  harness  to  the 
elaborate  and  showy  coach  harness.  They  particularly  excel  in  this  line  of 
manufacture.  This  company  employs  from  four  to  five  hundred  men  and 
ship  their  products  to  every  continent  on  the  globe,  having  a  vei-y  fine 
export  trade  with  Europe,  South  Africa,  Australia,  South  America  and 
Mexico.  A  visitor  in  Chicago  who  maybe  interested  in  carriages  or  harness 
will  feel  well  repaid  for  looking  through  the  factory  and  repository  of  this 
house. 

Thayer  &  Jackson  Stationery  Co.— Location  245  and  247  State  st.  The 
business  of  this  well  known  company  was  established  in  November,  1873, 
under  the  name  of  Skeen  &  Stuart.  In  May,  1874,  the  establishment  moved 
to  77  Madison  street,  opposite  McVicker's  theatre,  which  location  they  main- 
tained for  seventeen  years,  largely  increasing  and  developing  the  business 
until  they  were  obliged  to  seek  larger  and  more  commodious  q\iarters.  In 
March,  1891,  they  removed  to  the  six  story  and  basement  building,  245  and 
247  State  st.,  near  Jackson  st.  In  1883,  the  firm  of  Skeen  &  Stuart  was  incor- 
porated under  the  name  of  the  Skeen  &  Stuart  Stationery  Co.,  with  Joseph 
C.  Skeen,  president,  Edwin  C.  Stuart,  vice-president,  Henry  E.  Thayer,  sec- 
retary, and  Dwight  Jackson,  treasurer.  In  October,  1890,  Messrs.  J.  C. 
Skeen  and  E.  C.  Stuart  having  retired  from  the  business  several  years  pre- 
viously, the  name  of  the  corporation  was  changed  to  the  Thayer  &  Jackson 
Stationery  Co.  Messrs.  Thayer  <fe  Jackson  have  been  actively  identified 
with  the  business,  in  its  vast  details,  since  the  early  establishment  of  the 
firm  in  1873.  Their  business  has  been  uniformly  successful  from  year  to 
year  since  its  organization.  They  have  determinedly  developed  a  large  and 
continually  increasing  trade  by  eai-ly  gaining  the  confidence  of  their 
patrons,  and  by  steadily  maintaining  a  high  standard  in  the  quality  of  their 
goods  and  the  character  of  their  workmanship.  The  house  has  now 
attained  a  reputation  second  to  none  other  in  Chicago,  or,  for  that  matter, 
in  the  country.  The  Thayer  &  Jackson  Stationery  Co.  make  a  specialty  of 
account  books  for  bankers,  manufacturers,  merchants,  railroads,  insurance 


[Engraved  for  The  Standard  Guide  Company.] 
EPOSITORY  OF  THE  STAYER  &  ABBOTT  MFG.  CO.,  AND  THE  COLUMBUS  BUGGY  C 

[381-385  Wabash  Ave.— See  "Western  Industry,"] 


538  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

companies,  etc.  Largest  assortment  of  high  grade  blank  books.  Special 
forms  to  order  on  short  notice.  Good  printing  is  one  of  the  favorite  claims 
of  this  house,  a  claim  that  is  fully  justified.  Everything  needed  for  office  or 
advertising  purposes  is  turned  out;  bank  and  commercial  work  of  every 
description  is  executed.  In  lithography,  the  company  has  unequaled  facili- 
ties for  the  production  of  checks,  drafts,  certificates  of  deposit,  stock  certifi- 
cates, bills  of  exchange,  investment  bonds,  etc.  Complete  office  outfits  of 
stationery  is  furnished.  In  a  word,  the  Thayer  &  Jackson  Stationery  Co.  is 
prepared  to  furnish  a  great  or  small  banking  or  mercantile  house  with 
everything  required  in  the  printing,  blank  book  or  stationery  line.  The 
company  occupies  the  six  story  and  basement  building  at  the  numbers 
given  above.  It  is  provided  with  freight  and  passenger  elevators,  steam- 
heating  apparatus,  electric  light  plant,  and  all  modern  improvements. 

Thomson  &  Taylor  Spice  Co. — It  has  ever  been  the  aim  of  Chicago  mer- 
chants to  be  in  the  front  rank  in  every  enterprise,  and  so  this  firm,  in  all  the 
various  departments  of  their  vast  business,  stand  at  the  head  of  all  estab- 
lishments in  their  line  in  the  known  world.  The  building  owned  by  this  com- 
pany occupies  88x130  feet  on  Michigan  ave.  and  Lake  St.,  and  is  eight  stories 
in  height.  It  is  an  ornament  to  the  wholesale  business  district  and  is  com- 
plete in  every  detail  for  the  transaction  of  business  in  their  specialties, 
which  comprise  green  coffees  of  all  grades,  colors  and  varieties;  roasted 
coffees  in  endless  variety  of  grades  and  drinking  quality ;  spices  of  all  kinds, 
whole,  in  original  packages  and  powdered  for  table  use.  Flavoring  extracts 
of  all  grades.  Fruit  juices  and  syrups  manufactured  from  fresh  fruit.  Teas 
of  all  the  various  grades  known  to  the  trade,  and  also  some  special  blends 
prepared  by  their  own  experts;  herbs  and  condiments  and  bakers'  supplies. 
This  firm  are  proprietors  of  the  celebrated  "gold  band"  brands  of  baking 
powder  and  extract,  and  package  coffee.  This  firm  import  their  own  goods 
and  merchants  buying  from  them  are  sure  to  be  as  near  headquarters  as  it 
is  possible  to  get.  They  are  always  pleased  to  show  visitors  through  the 
establishment,  showing  the  process  of  manufacture  of  their  various 
specialties. 

Vulcan  Iron  Works.—  The  Vulcan  Iron  Works  is  one  of  the  oldest  estab- 
lished in  the  city,  having  been  founded  in  1852,  employs  about  two  hundred 
men  and  having  a  capital  of  $200,000,  have  for  many  years  made  a  specialty 
of  the  manufacture  of  excavating  machinery  and  machinery  for  harbor  im- 
provements, such  as  steam  dredgers,  pile  drivers,  derricks,  and  for  swing- 
ing draw-bridges.  They  also  make  tug  boat  and  yacht  engines, 

Western  Bank  Note  and  Engraving  Company,  The. — The  pioneer  com- 
pany in  the  West,  was  organized  in  1864.  The  company  occupies  its  own 
fire-proof  building,  situated  at  the  Cor.  of  Michigan  ave.,  and  Madison  st. 
The  building  was  erected  in  1891  after  the  most  approved  plans.  It  is  eight 
stories  high  and  has  a  frontage  of  80x110  feet.  The  exterior  of  the  building 
has  a  severe  but  rich  aspect,  the  desire  being  to  avoid  the  ornate.  The  build- 
ing, is  absolutely  fire-proof  and  beautifully  finished  throughout  with  mar- 
ble corridors,  red  oak  casings,  the  finest  plumbing  and  swift  elevators.  The 
building  is  maintained  strictly  as  an  office  building  and  nothing  in  the  line 
of  manufacturing  is  permitted  among  the  tenants.  The  first  floor  is  devoted 
to  stores,  the  second,  third  and  fourth  to  offices,  and  the  rest  of  the  build- 
ing is  used  by  the  WESTERN  BANK  NOTE  AND  ENGRAVING  COMPANY  for  its  own 
purposes.  The  company  itself  does  a  general  business  in  the  finest  grades 
of  steel  plate  and  lithographic  engraving,  doing  a  very  large  business  in 
commercial  and  bank  stationary,  as  well  as  in  its  speciality — the  engraving 
and  printing  of  securities.  In  this  line  the  company  has  an  international 
reputation  and  its  work  elicits  the  highest  praise  wherever  seen.  The  securi- 
ties executed  by  this  company  are  accepted  for  listing  on  the  stock 
exchanges  of  New  York,  London  and  Chicago.  Their  work  comprises  issues 
of  bank  notes,  bonds,  stock  certificates,  drafts,  letter  heads  and  anything  in 
the  line  of  securities,  bank  or  commercial  engraving.  The  officers  of  the 
company  are  as  follows:  C.C.Cheney,  president:  C.  A.  Chauman,  vice- 
president  ;  C.  Heinemann,  secretary:  W.  S.  (lould,  treasurer. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION.  539 

Western  Refrigerating  Company,  The.— The  Western  Refrigerator  Com- 
pany was  established  in  1878,  and  incorporated  in  1882.  Officers:  E.  P. 
Baker,  president;  H.  W.  Griswold,  secretary.  This  is  one  of  the  largest 
cold  storage  warehouses,  or  rather,  group  of  warehouses,  in  the  world.  All 
perishable  articles  are  received  here  for  preservation  through  all  seasons 
of  the  year.  A  specialty  is  made  of  the  cold  storage  of  eggs,  fruit,  cheese 
and  butter.  In  order  to  illustrate  the  enormous  business  transacted  in  the 
egg  storage  line,  and  its  wonderful  growth,  the  number  of  cases  of  eggs 
received  for  storage  annually  during  the  past  eight  years  is  given.  Com- 
mencing with  20,000  cases  the  number  increased  to  30,000  the  following  year, 
51,000  the  next  year,  100,000  the  next  year,  102,000  the  next  year,  118,000  the 
next  year,  and  180,000  the  next  year,  and  in  1892  192,540  cases  were  carried. 
One  day,  May  5,  1891,  9,067  cases  of  eggs  were  received  for  storage.  This 
is  the  strongest  endorsement  that  could  be  given  by  the  customers  of  these 
warehouses  of  the  superiority  of  their  system  of  cold  storage.  Warehouse 
"A,"  located  at  220-222-224  and  226  Michigan  st.,  is  an  elegant  six-story  mer- 
cantile building  fitted  up  specially  with  all  the  requirements  for  cold  stor- 
age. Here  the  offices  of  the  company  are  also  located.  Warehouse  "B" 
is  a  seven-story  building  located  at  228  and  230  Michigan  st.  Warehouse 
"  C,"  which  contains  the  engine  house,  and  is  a  cold  storage  warehouse  for 
cheese,  is  another  handsome  six-story  building,  located  at  231  and  233 
Michigan  st.  Wai'ehouse  "  D"  is  for  the  accommodation  of  fruit.  This  is  a 
five-story  building  located  at  227  and  229  Michigan  st.  The  new  warehouse, 
"  E,"  containing  freezing  rooms  for  butter,  is  an  elegant  six-story  building 
located  at  235  and  237  Michigan  st.  Four  Linde  ice  machines,  with  a  refrig- 
erating capacity  of  200  tons  daily,  are  in  operation  in  the  engine-room  of  the 
building,  231  and  233  Michigan  st.  It  would  be  impossible  to  give  the  visitor 
an  adequate  idea  of  the  quantity  of  butter,  fruit  and  cheese  stored  by  this 
company  annually.  Arrangements  are  complete  for  the  addition  of  two 
more  large  warehouses,  and  to  increase  the  refrigerating  capacity  100  tons 
daily.  Visitors  are  always  welcome,  and  the  company  takes  pleasure  in 
showing  a  perfectly  constructed  cold  storage  plant. 

Western  Wheel  Works.— Factory,  Wells,  Schiller  and  Sigel  sts.,  North  side, 
main  office,  501  Wells  st.  The  largest  bicycle  manufacturing  establishment 
in  America.  The  factories  of  this  company  contain  25,000  square  feet  of  floor 
space  and  employ  one  thousand  men.  No  less  than  25,000  safety  bicycles 
were  made  and  sold  in  1891.  The  facilities  of  the  establishment  have  been 
doubled.  Among  the  most  popular  bicycles  manufactured  here  are  the 
Blackhawk,  Crescent  No.  2,  Escort,  Crescent  No.  1,  Juno,  Rob  Roy  No.  3, 
Rob  Roy  No.  2,  Rob  Roy  No.  1.  Here  are  also  manufactured  the  Cinch, 
Combination  Junior,  Boy's  Junior  and  Pet.  These  machines  have  a  market 
in  every  part  of  the  world,  and  owing  to  their  popularity  the  export  trade  is 
constantly  increasing.  They  are  everywhere  considered  among  the  most 
reliable  and  popular.  Some  of  the  makes  mentioned  have  been  ridden  by 
champions  in  prize  contests  throughout  the  country.  Eastern  agents,  R.  L. 
Coleman  &  Co.,  35  Barclay  st.,  New  York. 

White,  W.  ,/.,  Chewing  Gum  Factory. — W.  J.  White's  chewing  gum  manu- 
factory is  situated  in  the  western  suburbs  of  the  city  of  Cleveland  at  the 
intersection  of  the  L.  S.  &  M.  S.  and  Nickel  Plate  Railroads.  It  is  a  large 
five  story  brick  structure,  60  by  135  feet,  and  affords  employment  to  300 
people.  Mr.  White's  connection  with  the  chewing  gum  business  dates  back 
to  1876  when  he  started  with  a  limited  capital,  manufacturing  at  his  home 
small  quantities  of  paraffine  gum,  selling  the  same  to  retail  trade,  he  having 
previoiisly  been  in  the  confectionery  business;  gradually  increasing  and 
enlarging,  meeting  with  fair  success,  until  the  fall  of  1886  when  he  made  his 
first  batch  of  the  now  well  known  Yucatan  chewing  gum,  it  being  the  first 
brand  of  peppermint  flavored  gum  ever  placed  upon  the  market.  This  at 
first  met  with  but  poor  success,  but  by  means  of  judicious  advertising, 
great  push  and  energy  he  succeeded  in  establishing  upon  a  firm  basis,  and 
from  the  beginning  of  1887  his  business  began  to  increase  at  a  phenomenal 
rate,  until  to-day,  all  within  seven  years,  from  the  time  that  he  first  manu- 
factured Yucatan  chewing  gum,  it  is  without  doubt  the  largest  business  of 


540  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

its  kind  in  the  world,  and  Yucatan  chewing  gum  is  now  known  in  nearly 
every  part  of  the  civilized  globe.  Mr.  White's  success  in  this  line  of  business 
is  due  to  no  element  of  luck  whatever,  but  simply  to  good  hard  work,  excep- 
tional business  ability,  indomitable  energy  and  faith  in  the  ultimate  suc- 
cess of  his  business.  Starting  without  a  dollar,  meeting  with  the  most 
strenuous  opposition  from  wealthy  firms  already  established  in  the  busi- 
ness he  has  worked  and  pushed  along,  allowing  nothing  to  interfere  until  he 
has  seen  his  efforts  crowned  with  a  success  such  as  perhaps  has  not  been 
equaled  by  that  of  any  other  manufacturing  business  in  the  United  States, 
as  it  is  rarely  ever  that  a  man  starting  as  he  did  has  fixed  himself  so  firmly 
in  the  commercial  world  at  as  early  an  age,  being  now  only  forty-two  years 
of  age.  Mr.  White  is  interested  not  alone  in  the  chewing  gum  manufactur- 
ing business,  but  also  in  a  large  number  of  other  business  enterprises,  own- 
ing and  operating  several  large  steamships,  largely  interested  in  banking, 
a  large  stockholder  in  numerous  other  manufacturing  enterprises,  and 
being  the  proprietor  and  sole  owner  of  the  Two-Minute  stock  farm,  one  of 
the  largest  and  best  equipped  farms  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States,  and 
also  another  large  farm  at  Spencer,  la.  Mr.  White  is  the  inventor  of  nearly 
all  of  the  machinery  which  he  used  in  the  manufacture  of  his  chewing  gum, 
and  holds  patents  on  the  same,  which  enables  him  to  manufacture  goods 
beyond  all  fear  of  competition  from  other  large  concerns. 

MR.  WHITE'S  YACHT.— The  steam  yacht  "Say  When"  owned  by  W.  J. 
White,  Cleveland,  O.,  was  originally  built  for  Mr.  Monroe  of  New  York,  and 
was  purchased  by  Mr.  White  in  1890.  She  is  built  of  mahogany,  and  is  fur- 
nished with  a  Quintruple  Expansion  Herschoff  Engine,  the  Roberts  Safety 
Water  Tube  Boiler,  a  dynamo,  and  complete  electric  plant.  She  is  138  feet 
overall,  14.6beam,  and  without  doubt  the  finest  yacht  to  be  found  anywhere 
on  fresh  water.  She  carries  a  crew  of  11  men,  can  furnish  sleeping  accom- 
modations for  18  persons,  and  more  if  necessary,.  She  is  luxuriously  fitted 
up  with  plush  and  velvet,  and  supplied  with  all  modern  conveniences.  She 
is  also  one  of  the  fastest  yachts  afloat,  her  ordinary  jogging  gait  being 
from  15  to  18  miles  an  hour,  and  she  has  made  26%  miles  per  hour.  Mr. 
White  has  made  a  number  of  alterations  in  her  since  purchasing  her,  and 
indeed  she  is  to-day  an  entirely  different  boat  from  what  she  was  when  he 
purchased  her,  being  fast,  perfectly  seaworthy,  and  at  the  same  time 
probably  the  handsomest  yacht  that  can  be  found  on  the  chain  of  Great 
Lakes.  [See  Illustration.] 

Tost  Mfg.  Co.,  The.— Toledo  is  coming  to  the  front  as  a  bicycle  manu- 
facturing center,  no  less  than  four  large  concerns  being  devoted  to  this 
branch  of  business.  The  Yost  Mfg.  Co.  of  this  city,  who  are  building  the 
popular  Falcon  bicycles,  have  a  large  and  interesting  plant.  Equipped 
with  machinery  of  latest  design,  which  is  built  with  special  reference  to 
economy  in  manufacture,  this  firm  has  succeeded  in  building  a  high-grade 
wheel  and  placing  it  at  a  price  within  the  reach  of  the  masses,  a  feat  which 
no  other  concern  has  heretofore  successfully  attempted.  A  visit  to  their 
works  is  one  of  the  features  of  this  charming  city.  Located  in  the  western 
suburbs,  with  electric  cars  from  the  city  running  past  their  works,  in  close 
proximity  to  the  Exposition  Grounds,  a  scene  rarely  met  with  in  an  institu- 
tion of  this  kind,  is  presented.  Groves  of  maple  trees  and  well  kept  lawns 
interspersed  with  beds  of  fragrant  flowers,  are  encircled  by  an  asphalt  rid- 
ing track.  It  is  a  favorite  resort  for  the  cyclers  of  this  city,  famous  for  its 
well  paved  streets  and  numerous  wheelmen. 


PRRT  III. 


APPENDIX. 

BANKING  BUSINESS. 

Bank  Clearings.— The  clearings  of  Chicago  banks  for  the  year  1802,  by 
months,  compared  with  those  of  1891,  were  as  follows: 


1892. 


January $    394,056,126  $  345,552,662 

February 368,897,462  293,225,064 

March 404,246,598  333,991,989 

April.... 384,131,581  347,709,049 

May 423,430,778  391,093,736 

June 446,596,216  374,708,912 

July 423,1^7,025  363,129,767 

August 428,891,016  361,884,576 

September 438,982,594  398,157,726 

October 465,469,612  421,521,165 

November 465,060,301  401,965,053 

December 492,811,871  423,945,524 

Totals $5,135,771,186  $4,456,885.230 

The  following  shows  the  bank  clearings  from  1866  to  1892  inclusive : 
1866....  ...$    453,798,648.11        1880...  ...$1,725,684,894.85 

1867 580,727,331.43       1881 2,249,329,924.73 

1868 723,292,144.91        1882 2,393,437,874.35 

1869 734,664,949.91       1883 2,517,371,581.24 

1870 810,676,036.28       1884 2,259,680,391.74 

1871 868,936,754.64       1885 2,318,579,003.07 

1872 993,060,503.47       1886 2,604,762,912.35 

1873 1,047,027,828.33       1887 2,969,216,210.60 

1874 1,101,347,918.41       1888 3,163,774,462.68 

1875 1,212,817,207.54       1889 3,379,925,188.67 

1876 1,110,093,624.37       1890 4,093,145,904.00 

1877 1,044.678,475.70       1891   4,456,885,230.00 

1878 967,184,093.07       1892 5,135,771,186.00 

IKT't 1 ,257,756,124.31 

Banks.— Condition  of  1892: — The  condition  of  the  Chicago  National  banks 
at  three  important  stages  during  1892  is  shown  in  the  following  table : 

Opening  of       Middle  of        Close  of 
1892  1892  1892 

Capital $33,368,680  $35,577,000  $35,777,000 

Surplus  and  Profits 18,064,831  19,146,264  20,535,518 

Deposits .-.  173,748,170  212,755,525  200,030,484 

Loans 137,711,724  162,216,811  156,935,275 

Cash  on  Hand 36,148.586  42.099,925  39,024,584 

Clilcago  Stock  Exchange.—  Transactions  on  the  Chicago  Stock  Exchange 
for  the  past  four  y ear s  sh o w s_t he  growth  of  operations : 

1891          I          1890          | 1889 

Stocks  (shares) $1,175,031          $    710,000      $1,097,663      I    $     150,100 

Bonds 11,198,000  9,435,000         18,268,600      |      18,530,000 


541 


54? 


GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 


BUILDING  AND  REAL  ESTATE  TRANSACTIONS. 

Buildings  Erected  in  1892.— Nearly  sixty  miles  of  solid  frontage  was  im- 
proved in  1892  arid  the  records  of  all  previous  years  were  far  outclassed. 
The  figures  for  the  year  by  divisions  of  the  city  are  given  as  follows: 


Buildings. 


Frontage. 


Cost. 


South  Side 

North  Side 

West  Side 

Hyde  Park 

Lake 

Lake  View. . . . 


Total . . . 


1,106 
550 
3,620 
3,204 
2,759 
1,577 

12,816 


31,715 
15,276 
92,664 
85,366 
60,711 
30,198 

315,930 


$14,214,500 
4,423,400 
14,603,700 
22,217,600 
6,534,000 
3,410,100 


$64,403,300 


There  has  been  a  steady  increase  in  building  operations,  as  indicated  by 
the  issue  of  permits  since  1881. 

Building  Operations  Since  1881.— The  following,  showing  estimates  of 
building  operations  since  1881,  based  on  permits,  is  self-explanatory:  1881, 
$13,467,000;  1882,  $15,842,000;  1883,  $17,250,000;  1884,  $20,689,000;  1885,  $19,624,000; 
1886,$21,324,000;  1887,819,778,000;  1888,  $20,360,000;  1889,  $25,065,000;  1890,  $47,322,- 
000;  1891,  $55,360,000;  1892,  $65,403,000. 

Great  Buildings  of  1892.— The  following  list  includes  the  more  important 
down-town  buildings  which  were  in  course  of  erection  during  1892,  with 
architects'  estimates  of  their  cost: 

Illinois  Central  Depot $1,000,000 

Auditorium  Annex 1,000,000 

Marshall  Field  Building 800,000 

Columbus  Building 800,000 

Monadnock  Addition 800,000 

Old  Colony  Building 600,000 

Hartford  Building 600,000 


Y.  M.  C.  A.  Building 


Isabel  Building 400,000 


Ludington  Estate  Building 
Mailer's  Market  Street  Bldg 

Boyce  Building 

Mayer  Estate  Building 

Teutonic  Building 

Kultchar  Building 

Kedzie  Building 


400,000 
300,000 
250,000 
250,000 
200,OuO 
175,000 
100,000 


600,000 

Real  Estate  Sales,  1892. — The  following  table  shows  the  real  estate  trans- 
fers during  1892  having  a  consideration  of  $1,000  and  upward: 


Months. 


January 1,289  $  8,608,301 

February ,366  9,336,614 

March ,487  17,573,028 

April... ,119  155it,587 

May ,795  13,003,784 

June ,444  9,ou8,868 

July ,916  19,971,468 

August ,355  9,274,918 

September ._ ,417  8,289,751 

October ,931  15,268, 191 

November ,482  12,939,863 

December ,682  13,782,676 

Total...                                                                                            ..    19,283  $153,169,049 
Same  1891 20,800     140,338,847 

Seal  Estate,  Recorded   Transfers:— Folio -ving   are    the   recorded    real 
estate  transfers  for  four  years,  1889  to  1892,  inclusive : 

|  City. Outside.       |     Aggregate. 

1892...  $154,403,913  $26,488,451  $180,892,364 

1891 145,251,467  36,270,802  181,522,269 

1890 183,878,461  43,608,498  227,486,959 

1889....  108,107,711  25,267,238  133,374,9*9 


Sales. 


Consid- 
eration. 


APPENDIX.  543 

1892  less    than  1891 ..$629,905 

IS!*:.'  h>ss  lhan  1890       $46,594,595 

1892  in  excess  of  1889 ...   47,517,415 

CITY  AND  COUNTY   FINANCES. 

City  Finances,  1892. — The  report  of  the  Comptroller's  office  showed  a 
balance  in  the  city  treasury  at  the  close  of  the  year  of  $2,200,000.  The 
amount  011  hand  at  the  same  time  in  1891  was  considerably  larger,  owing  to 
the  sale  of  $1,000,000  worth  of  World's  Fair  bonds,  the  proceeds  of  which  were 
not  entirely  transferred  to  the  credit  of  the  World's  Fair  Exposition.  In  the 
year  $666,000  worth  of  water  bonds  were  taken  up,  and  a  $1,500,000  reissue 
was  made.  In  the  water  rate  office  the  total  collections  for  1892  exceeded 
those  of  the  preceding  year  by  $265,005.97.  For  1892  the  total  receipts  were 
$2,596,292.17,  of  which  $818,987.57  was  paid  in  on  account  of  meters.  The 
figures  for  1891  were :  Total  collections,  $2,331,286.21,  of  which  $736,867.99  was 
paid  into  the  meter  department.  The  increase  is  the  largest  on  record. 
The  total  collections  from  licenses,  etc.,  by  the  city  collector  in  1892  were 
$5,000,023.14.  By  far  the  greater  portion  of  these  receipts  came  from  saloon 
licenses,  brewers,  etc.  The  total  receipts  for  the  year  1891  were  $3,842,777.33, 
making  a  total  increase  for  the  year  1892  of  $1,158,145.81.  During  1892  the 
saloon  licenses  passed  the  7,000  mark,  but,  as  many  of  the  owners  went  out 
of  business,  it  leaves  the  total  number  of  existing  saloons  somewhat  less 
than  7,000. 

Cook  County  Finances,  1893.— The  equalized  value  of  all  classes  of  prop- 
erty in  Cook  county  is  $270,737,416,  as  compared  to  $282,676,167  in  1892.  The 
amount  receivable  from  the  tax  levy  of  75  cents  on  each  $100  is  $2,030,530.75, 
as  compared  with  $2,121,530.25  last  year.  This  amount  is  divided  as  follows : 
Interest  and  principal  on  bonded  indebtedness,  $236,300;  for  salaries  and 
election  expenses,  $732,688;  total  amount  for  supplies,  repairs,  etc.,  $609,500; 
total  amount  for  miscellaneous  purposes,  $215,125 ;  total  amount  for  contin- 
gent purposes,  $36.317;  total  amount  for  building  purposes,  $200,000.  Total 
amount  to  be  realized  by  taxation,  $2,030,530.  The  estimated  receipts  from 
the  various  county  offices  for  the  year  are  as  follows:  From  county  treas- 
urer and  ex-officio  collector,  $285,000;  from  recorder  of  deeds,  $200,000;  from 
county  clerk  and  clerk  of  county  court,  $175,000;  from  clerk  of  probate 
court,  $90,000;  from  clerk  of  criminal  court,  $2,000;  from  clerk  of  circuit 
court,  $110,000;  from  clerk  of  superior  court,  $75,000;  from  sheriff,  $33,000; 
from  coroner,  $1,000.  Total  receipts  from  all  sources  outside  of  tax  levy, 
1001,000 

COMMERCE  OF  CHICAGO. 

Approximation   of  Total    Value  of  Trade.— [Estimates  of   The   Chicago 
Tribune.}    The  following  is  an  approximation  to  the  total  value  of  our  trade 
during  1892: 
Produce  trade ...  ...  $      507,000,000 

Wholesale 574,000,000 

Manufactures 586,300,000 

Total $  1,667,300,000 

These  three  departments,  however,  overlap  each  other,  especially  the 
last  two,  as  material  manufactured  here  is  sold  at  wholesale  by  the  manu- 
facturer. Following  up  the  same  plan  as  in  former  years  in  estimating  for 
this  doubling  up  there  should  be  deducted  from  the  above  $129,000,000.  The 
statement  then  stands  as  follows: 

Total  trade  1892. ...  $1,538,000,000 

Total  trade  1891 ...  1,459,000,000 


Increase $     79,000,000 

Or  54  per  cent. 

The  following  are  The  Tribune's  totals  for  a  series  of  years.    The  figures 
in  the  twenty-first  line  are  for  the  twelve  months  from  October  11,  1871,  to 


544 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 


1887. 


October  11,  1872,  the  series  having  been  interrupted  by  the  great  fire.    The 
totals  are  in  gold  for  each  year. 
1892 $1,538,000,000 

1,459,000,000 

1,380,000,000 

1,177,000,000 

1,125,000,000 

1,103,000,000 
997,000,000 

1885...  959,000,000 

1884  933,000,000 

1883...  1,050,000,000 

1882 1,045,000,000 

1881  1,015,000,000 

1880 900,000,000 

Industries  of  Chicago.— A  summary  of  the  leading  industries  of  Chicago 
for  1892  shows:  Number  of  firms,  3,433;  capital  employed,  $229,225.000;  num- 
ber of  workers,  186,085;  wages  paid,  $114,338,700;  value  of  product,  $586,335,800. 
The  production  shows  a  gain  of  $19,323,800,  or  nearly  3l/2  per  cent  over  the 
total  for  1891,  which  was  nearly  5%  per  cent  over  the  total  for  1890. 

Wholesale  Business  of  Chicago.— Following  is  a  statement  of  the  whole- 
sale and  jobbing'business  of  Chicago  for  1892  as  compared  with  1891. 

1891. 


10Y»  

1878  

$  7M,UUU,UOO 
650,000,000 

1877  

595,000,000 

1876  

587,000,000 

1875.  

566,000,000 

1874  

575,000,000 

1873  

514,000,000 

1871-72... 

437,000,000 

1870  

377,000,000 

1869  

336,000,000 

1868  

310,000,000 

1860  

97,000,000 

1850  

20,000,000 

Dry  goods  and  carpets  

$106,300,000 
Q9  370  000 

$  98,416,000 
56  700  000 

Lumber  

43  000  000 

39  000  000 

Manufactured  iron  
Clothing 

20,000,000 
26  000  000 

17,000,000 
23  600  000 

Boots  and  shoes  

30  250  000 

°7  500  000 

8  300000 

7  600  000 

Crockery  and  glassware  

6500000 

6  000  000 

8  800000 

8  000000 

Millinery 

7  750  000 

7  000  000 

Tobacco  and  cigars.  
Fresh  and  salt  fish  and  oysters.  
Oils                                        

12,650,000 
6,050,000 
5  000  000 

11,500,000 
5,500,000 
4  500  000 

Dried  fruits 

4  700000 

4  300000 

5  175  000 

4  500  000 

Furs 

2  180000 

1  750  000 

Carriages.                        .          

2,300,000 

2Jooo'ooo 

Pianos,  organs,  and  musical  instruments  

8,970,000 
720  000 

7,800,000 
625  000 

Books,  stationery  and  wall  paper  

25,000,000 
30000  000 

22,000,000 
28  000  000 

Paper  stock..                             

5000,000 

5  500,000 

23  575  000 

20  500  000 

Coal.. 

30,000,000 

26,000,000 

Hardware  and  cutlerv  • 

22,000,000 

19,995  000 

Wooden  and  willow  ware  ... 

3,eso,ooo 

3,500,000 

Liquors  
Jewelry,  watches  and  diamonds  
Leather  and  findings..                ..   . 

16,500,000 
28,750,000 
3,000,000 

15,000,000 
25,000,000 
2,750,000 

6350,000 

6000,000 

Iron  ore..                             . 

5,175,000 

4,500,000 

Miscellaneous. 

7,000,000 

6,000000 

Totals  

$574,015,000 

•$517,166,000 

Total  for  1890 

Totalforl889 

The  inci-ease  for  1892  was  about  11  per  cent. 


.$4P6. 806,000 
.  448,165,000 


APPENDIX. 


545 


GRAIN,  PRODUCE,  LIVE  STOCK,  ETC. 

Board  of  Trade,  Clearings  for  1892, — Following  were  the  clearances  and 
balances,  showing  the  speculative  business  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  for  1892: 


Date. 

Clearings. 

Balances. 

$5,008  981  25 

$1,922  446  2,1 

February                   ..... 

4,306,538.75 

1,475,823  86 

March 

6  828,849  37 

2  982,947  50 

April                      ..                                    .            

6,397,897.50 

2,393,557.69 

May 

6,197,545.00 

2,018,275  10 

June                             ...                 ... 

8,219,169.50 

2,583,090.51 

July 

4,484  628.75 

1,608,593  12 

August           .             .         

5,482,440.00 

1,903,899.02 

September 

5,859,702.50 

1,764,509  05 

October              .            .  .        ....   

6,230,763.75 

2,120,308.05 

November 

4,825,675.00 

1,734,692  66 

5,453,801.25 

2  285  786  21 

Totals 

$  69  295  992.62 

$24  793  928  86 

Totals  for  1891  

104,083,529.67 

32,430,827.57 

Breadstuff 8  Shipped  from  Chicago. — Breadstuffs  were  shipped  from  Chi- 
cago in  1892  as  follows:  Barley  (bushels),  1,344,779;  Corn  (bushels),  44,298,- 
080;  Corn  Meal  (barrels),  11, 655;  Oats  (bushels),  19, 692,560;  Rye  (bushels),  968,- 
701;  Wheat  (bushels),  32,893,543;  Wheat  flour  (barrels),  2,459,639. 

Grain,  Flour  and  Produce. — The  following  table  exhibits  the  receipts  and 
shipments  of  flour,  grain,  live  stock  and  produce  at  Chicago  for  1891  and  1892 : 


RECE 

IPTS. 

SHIPM 

ENT8. 

1892. 

1891. 

1892. 

1891. 

Flour,  brls 

5,919,343 

4,516,617 

5,710,620 

4,048  129 

Wheat,  bu  

50,234,556 

42.931,258 

48,833,795 

38,990,169 

Corn,  bu         .         .... 

78,510,385 

72,770,304 

66,101,220 

66,578,300 

Oats,  bu  . 

79,827,980 

74,402,813 

67,332,322 

68  771  614 

Rye,  bu  

3,633,308 

9,164,198 

2,775,600 

7,572,991 

Barley,  bu. 

16,989,218 

12,228,480 

10,428,281 

7  858  108 

Grass  seed,  Ibs                

53,228,779 

68,166,134 

60,670,735 

55,152,971 

Flax  seed,  bu 

9,473,824 

11,120,138 

8,802,220 

9  990  798 

Broom  corn,  Ibs  

17,711,940 

20,685,354 

15,139,989 

15,750,529 

Cured  meats,  ibs 

179,965,327 

266,898,958 

743,859,554 

751,684,862 

Canned  meats,  cases 

92,998 

41,744 

1,428,331 

1  253  480 

Dressed  beef,  ibs 

149,496,436 

105,061,775 

121,234,243 

877  295,885 

Beef,  pkgs. 

10,460 

2,460 

117,111 

138  074 

Pork,  brls  

16,934 

13,970 

294,781 

278,553 

Lard,  Ibs.  .   . 

68,371,502 

74,021,945 

398,915,558 

62,109,099 

Cheese,  Ibs. 

64,252,364 

63,922,939 

47,665,127 

52,341  235 

Butter,  Ibs  

131,196,828 

127,765,048 

140,494,105 

140,737,620 

Dead  hogs,  No. 

•5,272 

9,911 

53,281 

122  185 

Live  hogs,  No  

7,731,271 

8,600,805 

2,898,288 

2,962,514 

Cattle,  No  

3,581,079 

3,250,359 

1,106,932 

1,066,264 

Sheep,  No 

2  152900 

2,153,537 

481,902 

688205 

Hides,  B>s       

110,082,233 

110,891,894 

219,711,358 

198,571,824 

Wool,  Ibs. 

28,088,364 

35,049,604 

44,396,698 

57.189607 

Coal,  tons  

5,529,468 

5,201,633 

912,060 

830,564 

Lumber,  M, 

2,263,874 

2,945,408 

1,060,017 

365,949 

Shingles,  M.  . 

395,206 

303,805 

140,227 

99,850 

Salt,  brls.     .                        ... 

124,372 

1,345,513 

644,300 

795,069 

Hay,  tons 

232,557 

192,308 

30,019 

28,935 

546 


GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 


Grain,  Flour  and  Produce  Received,  1892,   Value  of.— The  following  are 
the  totals  for  1892  and  corresponding  tables  for  1891 : 


1892. 

1891. 

Flour  .  .  . 

$    19,700,000 
36,900,000 
32,900,000 
24,740,000 
2,467,000 
8,300,000 
1,200,000 

$    19,800,000 
36,000,000 
39,700,000 
24,240,000 
7,300,000 
7,400.000 
1,600,000 

Wheat  

Corn  •  

Oats  

Rye  

Barley  .            

Millstuffs,  etc,  

Total  breadstuffs  

$  126,207,000 

30,825,000 
5.800,000 
6,100,000 
6,000,000 
9,685,000 
1,980,000 
850,000 
1,200,000 
1,560,000 
750,000 
1,700,000 
2,300,000 
1,375,000 
4,000,000 
4,200,000 
720,000 
11,625,000 
3,000,000 
253,836,000 
9,900,000 
191,000 
5,169,000 
18,000,000 
55,000,000 

$  136,040,000 

22,900,000 
6,040,000 
6,580,000 
7,375,000 
11,900,000 
2,085,000 
790,000 
1,270,000 
1,450,000 
750,000 
1,730,000 
2,290,000 
960,000 
3,180,000 
5.250,000 
600,000 
7,590,000 
3,300,000 
239,435,000 
6,600,000 
138,000 
4,665,000 
24,000,000 
91,000 

Butter  

Cheese  . 

Hides  and  pelts  

Wool  . 

Flax  seed   

Other  seed         .... 

Broom  corn  

Salt 

Potatoes  

Other  vegetables 

Tallow  and  grease  

Hav      .   . 

Apoles...  

California  fruits 

Other  fruits  

Hops                  .   . 

Eggs  

Poultry  and  game           .     ... 

Live  stock 

Beef  

Pork,  barrelled 

Lard  

Meats  (hog)  . 

Dressed  hogs  

Total  

$  507,000,000 

$  499,600,000 

Total  1890 $471,385,000 

Total  1889 388,000,000 

Total  1888 371,000,000 

Total  1887 350,000,000 

Total  1886 322,000,000 

Total  1885 337,000,000 

Total  1884 356,000,000 

Total  1883 400,000,000 

Total  1882 • 382,000,000 

Total  1881....                                                                                                        .  367,000,000 

Total  1880.    ...                 312,000,000 

Grain  Elevators,  Capacity  of. — The  present  capacity  of  the  grain  eleva- 
tors of  Chicago  is  30,075,000  bushels;  of  New  York,  27,000,000;  of  Duluth,  21,- 
000,000;  of  Buffalo,  15,000,000;  of  Toledo,  7,357,000;  of  Milwaukee,  5,430,000;  of 
Detroit,  3,100,000:  of  Port  Huron,  1,670,000. 

Stock  Yards  Transactions. — Chicago  leads  the  markets  of  the  world  in 
the  volume  of  its  live-stock  transactions.  The  receipts  of  cattle  for  1892 
showed  an  increase  of  nearly  half  a  million  head  over  1891.  The  following 
table  shows  the  receipts  and  shipments  for  1892: 


APPENDIX. 
RECEIPTS  FOR    1892. 


547 


MONTHS. 

Cattle. 

Calves. 

Hogs. 

Sheep. 

Horses. 

286  683 

7821 

977  338 

156  861 

6  338 

267  013 

6  076 

675  568 

168  235 

9  926 

March                             .... 

271  165 

9,366 

632  594 

187656 

10,532 

April                     

245,537 

12,634 

557,931 

176,435 

9,744 

May 

264,849 

14,924 

737,239 

194,292 

8,669 

June       

265,717 

20,761 

701,962 

191,498 

7,231 

July 

305,315 

26,332 

488  820 

158,942 

4,399 

318,551 

22,874 

515  741 

183  599 

6  166 

September  ....            

385,466 

26,093 

568,798 

190,938 

7,5S9 

October 

345,230 

23,905 

547496 

200,198 

7,372 

November  
December                     

326,950 
286,750 

14,744 
12,195 

646,313 
676,284 

178,968 
158021 

4,566 
4,531 

Total  

3,569,226 

197,718 

7,726,080 

2,145,163 

87,013 

SHIPMENTS  FOR  1892. 


•^anuary  

102,499 

2,399 

305,602 

21,400 

5,302 

February 

107,371 

1,464 

333,329 

44,330 

8,472 

107,191 

365 

315,095 

52  150 

9  582 

April                         

101,033 

2,035 

239,517 

50,817 

8  749 

May 

90,566 

1,608 

249728 

48649 

7  346 

75,045 

1,850 

231,035 

54  077 

5  897 

July 

83,531 

5,011 

205,993 

41,195 

4,046 

August  
September  

82,435 
103,513 

1,907 

4,778 

165,950 
210,103 

27,740 
37,361 

4,955 
6  139 

October 

91  712 

4,210 

240  116 

40,114 

5  515 

November  

83,356 

2,659 

211,393 

37,408 

4,169 

December 

90997 

4,920 

217  532 

30,143 

4  164 

Total  

1,119,250 

31,206 

2,92*1,343 

485,392 

74,336 

It  took  310,560  cars  to  receive  the  stock,  while  99,600  were  used  in  the 
shipments.  In  1891  304,706  were  used  to  bring  the  stock  to  the  yards,  and 
97,499  to  ship  the  stuff  out. 

MARINE  INTERESTS. 

Arrivals  and  Clearances  of  Vessels.— The  arrivals  and  clearances  of 
vessels  in  the  district  of  Chicago  for  1892  were  as  follows:  Arrivals, 
10,411,  tonnage,  5,903,387;  clearances,  10,263,  tonnage,  5,809,249.  The  arrivals 
and  clearances  of  Chicago  harbor  exceed  those  of  any  other  port  in  the 
United  States  by  about  25  per  cent.  They  are  nearly  as  many  as  those  of 
Baltimore,  Boston  and  New  York  combined,  and  that  they  are  a  fraction  of 
over  60  per  cent  as  many  as  all  the  arrivals  and  clearances  in  Baltimore, 
Boston,  New  York,  New  Orleans,  Philadelphia,  Portland  and  San  Francisco. 
Chicago  has  also  fully  25  per  cent  of  the  entire  lake-carrying  trade,  as  com- 
pared with  the  total  arrivals  and  clearances  in  Buffalo,  Detroit,  Duluth, 
Erie,  Huron,  Grand  Haven,  Milwaukee,  Ogdensburg,  Sandnsky  and 
Marquette. 

('ttifofjo  Marine  Traffic  Compared  with  Other  Ports.-  The  following  shows 
the  arrivals  and  tonnage  of  the  principal  European  and  American  ports,  for 
1892,  where  obtainable:  London,  Eng.,  arrivals  (no  data),  tonnage,  13,141,- 


548  GUIDE   TO   CHICAGO. 

455;  Liverpool,  Eng.,  arrivals  (no  data),  tonnage,  8,438,378;  New  York 
arrivals,  8,157;  tonnage,  6,489,777;  CHICAGO,  arrivals,  10,469;  tonnage,  5,851,- 
698;  Antwerp,  arrivals,  (no  data),  tonnage,  4,106,678;  Hamburg,  arrivals, 
(no  data),  tonnage,  5.202,825;  Marsailles,  arrivals  (no  data),  tonnage, 
3,579,889;  Boston,  arrivals,  3,103,  tonnage,  1,464,678;  Philadelphia,  arrivals, 
2,143,  tonnage,  1,435,701;  New  Orleans,  arrivals.  1,407,  tonnage,  959,966. 

Investments  in  Lake  Vessels.— There  are  $50,000,000  invested  in  lake  ves- 
sels. It  is  estimated  that  the  traffic  of  1892  paid  a  profit  of  about  eight  per 
cent. 

Vessels  Built  in  Chicago.— Eight  vessels,  steel  and  wood,  total  tonnage, 
5,585.55,  value,  $549,000,  were  built  in  the  port  of  Chicago  in  1892.  Three  steel 
vessels,  the  Cadillac,  the  Maritana,  and  the  Thomas  Maythorn,  were  of 
1,068.17,  2,429.95,  and  1,972.83  tons  respectively. 

Vessels  Owned  in  the  District  of  Chicago. — Propellers,  63;  tonnage, 
20,286.00;  side-wheelers,  5;  tonnage,  738.57;  tugs,  77;  tonnage,  1,613.99;  canal 
boats,  21;  tonnage,  11,646.40;  steam  yachts,  36;  tonnage,  236.53;  sailing 
schooners,  128;  tonnage,  38,741.69;  sailing  sloops,  9;  tonnage,  80.75;  sailing 
yachts,  13;  tonnage,  234.96.  Total  vessels,  372;  total  tonnage,  63,579.29. 

MISCELLANEOUS  STATISTICS. 

Births.— The  number  of  births  in  Chicago  in  1892  was  about  27,000. 

Coroner's  Inquests,  1892. — Total  number  of  inquests,  2,301.  Following 
are  the  causes  of  death  and  the  number  of  victims  of  each:  Natural 
causes,  25;  heart  disease,  34;  suicides,  294;  drowned,  131;  fall  from  build- 
ings, 80;  consumption,  9;  exposure,  8;  fall  from  wagon,  52;  fall  from  scaf- 
fold, 35;  apoplexy,  5;  poison  (accidental),  25;  railroad  (accidental),  397;  fall 
from  stairs,  19;  elevator  accidents,  39;  street  car  accidents,  18;  grip  car 
accidents,  31;  convulsions,  17;  burns  and  scalds,  62;  old  age  and  debility,  4; 
asphyxiation,  48;  machinery  accidents,  61:  homicide,  98;  shot  (accidental), 
22;  run  over  by  wagons,  58;  intemperance,  22;  pneumonia,  9;  falling  lumber 
pile,  8;  boiler  explosion,  5;  suffocation,  11 ;  falling  walls,  14;  siinstroke,  12; 
kicked  by  horse,  10:  struck  by  lightning,  3;  burned  in  private  buildings,  8; 
fell  from  derrick,  3;  electric  car  accidents,  2;  gored  by  bull,  1 ;  new  building 
accidents,  16;  not  ascertained,  8.  The  greatest  number  of  deaths  was 
among  the  laboring  classes,  the  aggregate  sum  being  362.  The  number 
with  no  occupation  reached  217.  The  mechanics'  ranks  were  depleted  by 
148  men.  Two  paupers  and  one  pickpocket  are  on  the  list.  Seven  police- 
men passed  away  by  violence.  Of  the  397  victims  of  railroad  trains  thir- 
teen were  passengers  and  eighty-nine  employes.  The  victims  were  killed 
as  follows:  Crossing  streets,  93;  collisions,  4;  falling  off  train,  8;  walking 
on  track,  179;  jumping  off  trains  while  in  motion,  18;  not  ascertained,  2; 
elevated  railroad  accidents,  4.  Of  the  total  of  294  persons  who  committed 
suicide,  12  were  under  20  years  of  age,  66  under  30,  75  under  40,  61  under  50, 
41  under  60,  23  under  70,  9  under  80,  and  one  over  80;  228  were  male  and  66 
female;  291  were  white  and  3  colored;  157  were  married,  82  single,  6  widows, 
18  widowers,  and  1  divorced. 

Fire  Losses,  1892. — The  annual  report  of  the  chief  of  the  fire  department 
for  1892  showed  that  the  fire  losses  during  the  year  were  less  than  those  of 
any  year  since  1886.  Then  there  were  one- fourth  as  many  fires  and  the  pop- 
ulation of  the  city  was  only  693,861.  In  1892  there  were  4,798  fires  and  the 
loss  was  $1,621, 141. 

Insane  and  Paupers  of  Cook  County. — It  cost  Cook  county  $300,000  to  care 
for  the  insane  and  paupers  in  1892.  The  expenses  of  the  insane  asylum  and 
poorhouse  since  the  great  fire  have  been  as  follows :  1871-72,  $69,951 ;  1872-73, 
$118,429;  1873-74,  $163,086;  1874-75,  $139,575;  1875-76,  $189,744;  1876-77,  $194,345; 
1877-78,  $142,499;  1878--79,  $122,930;  1879  80,  $125,155;  1880  81,  $147,334;  1881-82, 
$162,540;  1882  3,  $149,524;  1883-4,  $153^5;  1884  5,  $205,056;  1885 -6,  $240,934;  1886 
7  to  Jan.  1,  1888,  $226,746;  1888,  $170,302;  from-.Tan.  1  to  Sept.  1,  1889,  $94,639; 
1890,  $291,596;  1891,  $395,221.  In  1892  appropriations  were  made  for  the  office 
of  general  superintendent  of  county  offices  at  Dunning  to  the  extent  of 


APPENDIX.  549 

$225,340.  The  salaries  paid  in  the  Insane  Asylum  were  $49,257;  in  the  Poor- 
house  $22,858. 

Internal  Revenue  Collections. — The  internal  revenue  collections  in  Chi- 
cago for  1892  footed  up  $11,006,999.74.  This  sum  was  collected  as  follows: 
From  spirits— $6,126,746,  or  6,807,496  gals,  at  90c  per  gal.  Beer— $2,628,053.35, 
841, 138%  brls.,  at  7l/2  per  cent  discount,  $213,085.40.  Tobacco— $523,833.47,  at 
6c  per  pound,  8,730,5573i:  pounds.  Snuff — $17,765.55,  at  6c  per  pound,  296,092!  2 
pounds.  Cigars— $607,979.77,  at  $3  per  1,000,  202,659,930  cigars.  Cigarettes— 
$2,239.49,  at  50c  per  1,000,  4,461,000  cigarettes.  Oleomargarine— $569,666.38,  at 
2c  per  pound,  or  33,483,319  pounds.  Special  Tax— $423,035.29.  See  specified 
list  below.  Lists— $7,689.44  penalties,  fines,  etc, 

Imports,  Value  of. — The  value  of  imported  merchandise  entered  for  con- 
sumption at  the  port  of  Chicago  in  1892  was  $17,388,493;  the  duties  collected 
thereon,  $7,490,578.91. 

Marriage  Licenses.— There  were  17,068  marriage  licenses  issued  by  the 
county  clerk  during  1892.  Of  the  applicants  for  licenses  25  men  were 
between  65  and  70  years  of  age ;  750  girls  were  under  18;  400  young  men  were 
under  20;  the  vast  majority  were  between  the  ages  of  21  and  30. 

Pensions  Paid  in  Chicago.— During  1892  nearly  $13,000,000  in  pensions 
were  paid  by  the  government  agent  in  Chicago.  The  following  table  shows 
the  work  done  in  this  office :  Disbursements  from  January  1, 1892,  to  January 
1,  1893— Army  pensions,  $11,708,774.73;  navy  pensions,  $678,442.20;  Total  $12,- 
387,216.93.  Total  number  of  pensions  enroll  close  of  December,  1891,  61,366; 
total  number  of  pensions  on  roll  close  of  December,  1892,  71,750;  number  of 
original  pensions  allowed  during  the  year,  12,352 ;  number  dropped  for  death 
and  other  causes,  2,365;  number  of  general  law  pensioners  on  roll  Decem- 
ber, 1891,  42,100;  number  of  navy  pensioners  on  roll  December,  1891,3,386; 
number  of  army,  act  June  27,1890,  pensioners,  December,  1891,  14,916;  num- 
ber of  army,  act  June  27,  1890,  pensioners,  December,  1892,  25,337;  number  of 
navy,  act  June  27,  1890,  pensioners,  December,  1892,  4,155;  1812  survivors,  4; 
1812  widows,  239;  Mexican  war  survivors,  943;  Mexican  war  widows,  550. 
One  revolutionary  war  widow,  Sarah  Dabney,  Barry  111.,  ninety-two  years 
old,  $12  per  month. 

Population,  1892 — School  Census. — The  school  census  for  1892  discovered 
the  population  of  Chicago  to  be  1,438,010;  of  Cook  county,  outside  Chicago, 
96,633;  total  for  city  and  county,  1,534,643.  The  following  shows  the  popula- 
tion by  wards  and  divisions,  in  Chicago  proper.  The  wards  are  numbered 
from  one  to  thirty-four:  1,48,757;  2,  34,951;  3,  34,938;  4,  34,762;  5,  45,267;  6,  52,503; 
7,49,264;  8,39,905;  9,45,032;  10,56,477;  11,42,585;  12,60,788;  13,42,572;  14,49,310; 
15,56,783;  16,64,340;  17,31,446;  18,40,109;  19,54,172;  20,30,296;  21,  38,663;  22, 39.706; 
23,  45,870;  24, 40,474 ;  25,  30,333 ;  26, 36,802 ;  27, 14,702 ;  28, 12,645 ;  29, 38,207 ;  30, 69^49 ; 
31,3<±,543;  32,38,385;  33,38,194;  34,45,980;  South  division,  515,736;  Westdivision 
6*5,428;  North  division,  276,846.  Total  for  city,  1,438,010.  The  school  census 
reveals  that  out  of  a  total  of  359,350  children  of  school  age  in  the  county,  an 
increase  in  two  years  of  41,746,  there  are  but  175,128  enrolled  in  the  public 
schools,  an  increase  in  same  period  of  24,227.  [See  introduction  to  "Guide."] 

Post  Office  Statistics.— The  statement  of  the  postmaster  of  Chicago  of  the 
business  done  during  1892  contained  the  following  interesting  figures: 
Total  number  of  employes— Carriers,  875;  substitute  carriers,  111;  clerks, 
9a5;  substitute  clerks,  48;  total,  2,019.  Executive  division— Statement  of 
postal  receipts  for  the  year  1892:  From  sale  of  postage  stamps,  $2,887,901.50; 
from  sale  of  postal  cards,  $283,548.43;  from  sale  of  envelopes,  $720,614.73; 
from  sale  of  newspapers  and  periodicals,  $308,666.46;  from  sale  of  postage- 
due  stamps,  $29,994.67;  for  box  rent,  $10,365.32;  from  sale  of  waste  paper, 
etc.,  $2,044.29;  total,  $4,253,135.40.  Increase  of  1892  over  1891,  $559,257.82;  per 
cent  of  increase,  15.14.  Disbursements — Domestic  orders  paid,  1,210,962, 
$9,029,302.37:  postal  notes  paid,  713,457,  $1,154,694.08;  international  money 
orders  paid,  20,922,  $249,805.01 ;  money  orders  repaid,  982,  $13,770.84;  remitted 
to  New  York,  $639,000.00;  im-idtMiial  expenses,  15.434. 10;  by  balance,  $18,693- 
.22;  total,  1.9nl,H23,  .fll,010,fl99.71  '.total  number  of  transactions,  2,168,924;  per- 
centage of  increase  over  1891,  13.10;  average  number  of  transactions  per 


550  GUIDE    TO   CHICAGO. 

day,  6,929.  Mailing  division— First  class— Total  number  of  letters,  postal 
cards  and  sealed  packages,  3,354,286  pounds,  167,714,300  pieces ;  total  number 
of  packages  sent  out  of  mailing  division,  4,406,836;  increase  over  1891,  16,- 
425,772  pieces.  Mailing  division— Second  class— Total  number,  31,324,393 
pounds,  78,310,982  pieces;  increase  over  1891,  7,052,796  pounds.  Third  and 
fourth  class— Circulars,  1,428,233  pounds,  42,847,012  pieces;  books,  transient 
newspapers,  catalogues  and  merchandise,  9,626,690  pounds,  33,693,415 
pieces;  total,  45,733,602  pounds,  322,555,709  pieces.  Increase  over  1891, 
3,498,924  pieces  and  1,143,983  pounds. 

Public  Schools,  Cost  of.— The  estimated  revenue  of  the  public  schools 
for  1893  was  $6,701,918.61.  This  amount  is  derived  from  the  tax  levy  of 
$5,300,125;  cash  on  hand,  $816,318.64,  and  school  revenue  funds,  $585,474.97. 
The  amount  estimated  in  1892  for  each  branch  of  the  service  was:  Buildings 
and  grounds,  $1,977,882.86;  school  management,  $1,765,500;  janitors  and  sup- 
plies, $467,000;  high  schools,  $263,900;  evening  high  and  manual  training 
schools,  $35,000;  compulsory  education,  $20,000;  annexation,  $80,500;  judi- 
ciary, $250;  school  census,  $10,000;  music,  $25,000;  drawing,  $30,000;  physical 
culture,  $28,000;  German,  $100,000.  The  last  four  items  are  accounted  "fads" 
by  those  opposed  to  ornamental  branches  in  the  schools. 

Salaries  of  County  Officers,  1892.— County  attorney,  $4,000;  general  sup- 
erintendent at  Dunning,  $2,500;  warden  at  the  county  hospital,  $2,000; 
county  agent,  $2,000;  chief  jury  clerk,  $1,200;  engineer  at  jail,  01,500;  engin- 
eer at  Dunning,  $1,200;  engineer  at  county  building,  $1.500;  engineer  at 
county  hospital,  $1,200;  county  physician,  $2,000;  custodian  coiinty  build- 
ing, $1,500;  assistant  county  attorney,  $1,800;  committee  clerk,  $1,500. 

Vital  Statistics.— The  close  of  the  year  1892  showed  that  Chicago  had 
been  in  a  much  more  wholesome  condition  than  in  1891.  Duringl892the  total 
deaths  wrere  26,009,  against  27,754  in  1891.  During  January,  February,  June 
and  July  the  death  rates  showed  an  increase  over  that  of  corresponding 
months  of  1891.  The  two  former  months  the  city  was  suffering  from  a 
typhoid  epidemic,  and  during  June  and  July  excessive  heat  and  bad  drink- 
ing water  combined  to  increase  the  number  of  deaths.  During  the  year  the 
number  of  deaths  from  typhoid  fever  were  1,479,  nearly  500  less  than  during 
1891.  According  to  the  classification  arranged  by  the  health  department, 
the  diseases  make  the  following  showing:  Zymetic,  7,084;  constitutional. 
3,693;  local,  12,519;  development,  1,148;  violence,  1,565.  Total,  26,009.  Special 
dieases  are  charged  as  follows:  Typhoid,  1,479;  diphtheria,  1,002;  scarlet, 
fever,  370;  phthisis,  2,157;  convulsions,  1,549;  heart  disease,  1,111 ;  bronchitis. 
1,287;  pneumonia,  2,370;  enteritis,  609 :  gastro-enteritis,  616;  gastritis,  239: 
peritonitis,  411;  Brighfs  disease,  248;  nephritis,  315;  old  age,  424.  Under  the 
head  of  violence  the  following  classification  is  made:  Accidental,  1,242; 
homicide,  79;  suicide,  244.  For  twelve  months  the  comparative  death  rate 
has  been  figured.  It  is  calculated  on  the  basis  of  a  population  of  1,400,000, 
while  the  school  census  shows  1,438,010.  The  schedule  is  as  follows :  Janu- 
ary,26.68;  February,  21.84;  March,  20.43;  April,  20.09;  May,  19.35;  June,  18.24: 
July,  24.13;  August,  21.77;  September,  17.00;  October,  15.61;  November,  15.46: 
December,  18.57. 

RAILROAD  EARNINGS,  ACCIDENTS,  ETC, 

Earnings  of  Railroads  Centering  in  Chicago  for  1892.— Following  were 
the  gross  earnings  of  the  principal  railroads  centering  in  Chicago  for  1892, 
inclusive  of  the  last  reports  made  by  each  company :  Atchison  system,  $43,- 
330,940;  Baltimore  &  Ohio  system,  $21,686,968;  Burlington,  $33,345,223 ;  Burling- 
ton &  Northern,  $1.576,392;  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois,  $3,704,940;  Chicago* 
Erie,  $2,044.280 ;  St.  Paul,  $29,200,658 :  Northwestern,  $27,234,653 ;  Chicago,  Peoria 
&  St.  Louis,  $1,162,983;  Rock  Island.  $15,789,980;  Chicago  Great  Western, 
$4,506,374;  Chicago  &  West  Michigan,  $1,783,993:  Elgin,  Joliet  <fe  Eastern  $701.- 
602 ;  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk,  $3,285,604;  Illinois  Central,  $15.253,405;  Louis- 
ville, New  Albany  &  Chicago,  $2,928,251 ;  Pennsylvania,  $56,889.638;  Wabash, 
{12,6341,039;  Wisconsin  Central,  $5,200,900. 


552  APPENDIX. 

Railroad  Accidents  in  Illinois. — The  number  of  persons  killed  by  railroad 
accidents  in  Illinois  during  1892  was  720;  injured  2,440.  Of  these  25  of  the 
killed  and  205  of  the  injured  were  passengers;  218  of  the  killed  and  1,727  of 
the  injured  were  employes,;  477  of  the  killed  and  508  of  the  injured  were 
others.  Couplings  and  uneeuplings  killed  45  and  injured  669;  falling  from 
trains  and  engines,  killed  42  and  injured  186;  overhead  obstructions,  killed 
Sand  injured  12;  collisions,  killed  32  and  injured  171;  derailments,  killed  10 
and  injured  53;  other  train  accidents,  killed  97  and  injured  116.  There  were 
killed  at  highway  crossings  97  and  injured  130;  killed  at  stations,  70  and 
injured  123 ;  killed  in  other  ways  352  and  injured  980, 

Eailroads  in  Illinois. — The  capital  of  the  railroads  doing  business  in 
Illinois  is  as  follows:  Capital  stock,  $875,359,740;  funded  debt,  $1,034,036,059; 
current  liabilities,  $68,003,791 ;  total,  $1,977,399,590.  The  total  of  capital  stock, 
funded  debt  and  current  liabilities  per  mile  of  road  is  $55,259.  Fifteen  oper- 
ating and  eleven  leased  or  subsidiary  roads  paid  dividends  during  the  year 
1892  of  $25,327,515.47.  From,  the  income  account  of  the  entire  lines  it  appears 
that  the  gross  earnings  from  operation  were  $306,618,011.79;  the  operating 
expenses,  $206,049,930.79;  the  income  from  operation,  $100,568,081.02;  total 
income  from  other  sources,  $13,858,227.21;  total  income,  $114,426,308.23; 
expenses  assignable  to  fixed  charges,  $80,086,358.33;  net  income  of  fifty-four 
roads,  $36,616,701.29;  net  deficit  of  twenty-seven  roads,  $2,276,751.39.  The  total 
earnings  of  the  passenger  departments  in  Illinois  were  $21,091,833.60;  of  the 
freight  departments  $52,082,468.20;  total  revenue  and  earnings  from  all 
sources,  $81,793,012.43.  The  number  of  passengers  carried  during  the  year  in 
Illinois  from  whom  revenue  was  received  was  36.282,537.  The  amount  of 
freight  carried,  earning  revenue,  was  59,441,336  tons.  The  gross  operating 
earnings  per  mile  of  road  was  $7,772.93;  the  expenses  per  mile  of  road 
$5,128.39;  and  the  net  earnings  per  mile  of  road,  $2,644.54.  The  railroads  of 
Illinois  paid  in  taxes  for  1892,  $3,357,662.96.  The  total  number  of  railroad 
employes  in  Illinois  for  the  year  was  66,680,  and  their  aggregate  annual 
salary  was  $40,072,676.88.  On  the  entire  lines  of  road  there  were  211,946 
employes  who  were  paid  $128,310,961.56.  The  entire  lines  are  equipped  with 
7,768  locomotives  and  263,348  cars  of  all  kinds.  There  is  quite  an  increase 
shown  during  the  year  in  train  brakes  and  automatic  couplers.  During 
the  year  there  was  consumed  in  Illinois  2,966.019  tons  of  fuel  in  running 
72,650,657  miles,  or  an  average  of  81.65  pounds  per  mile. 


[FOR  WORLD'S  FAIR  INFORMATION,  SEE  "  FLINN'S  HAND  BOOK  or 
THE  WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION."] 


&6o. 


No.    59    DEARBORN    ST. 

CHICAGO. 
Loans  and  Investments  on  Real  Estate  Security  exclusively. 

INVESTMENTS. 


CHICAGO  CITY  MORTGAGES  FOR  SALE. 

For  the  convenience  of  investors  we  carry  from  $200,000  to 
$500,000  of  choice  mortgages  at  all  times.  These  loans  are  made 
by  us  after  careful  investigation  of  the  titles,  ttfe  value  of  the 
securities  offered  and  responsibility  of  borrowers.  In  transact- 
ing a  business  of  over  $80,000,000,  no  title  approved  by  us  has 
ever  been  successfully  attacked. 

IN  ANY  AMOUNT. 

These  loans  vary  in  amount  from  $500  to  $50,000,  and  bear 
from  5  per  cent,  to  7  per  cent,  interest,  payable  semi-annually 
at  our  office  or  at  such  place  as  investor  may  elect.  The  standard 
rate  on  ordinary  amounts,  say  $3,000  to  $10,000,  being  6  per 
cent.;  smaller  loans,  6%  per  cent,  and  7  per  cent.;  large  loans, 
on  exceptionally  strong  security,  5  per  cent,  and  5%  per  cent. 

AT  PAR  AND  ACCRUED  INTEREST. 

These  securities  are  ready  for  delivery,  and  are  on  sale  at 
par  and  accrued  interest.  No  commission  is  charged  the  buyer, 
the  income  named  being  net. 

INVESTORS'  INTERESTS  CARED  FOR  WITHOUT  CHARGE. 

We  collect  all  interest  and  remit  to  any  part  of  the  country 
free  of  charge.  We  see  that  all  insurance  policies  pledged  as 
collateral  security  are  renewed  at  expiration,  and  that  the  in- 
vestor is  protected  in  case  of  failure  on  the  part  of  the  borrower 
to  pay  taxes.  In  other  words,  we  act  as  financial  agents  for  the 
investor  without  charge.  Parties  buying  mortgages  securing 
building  loans,  where  the  buildings  are  not  fully  completed,  are 
guaranteed  completion  free  of  mechanic's  Hans. 


PRINCIPAL  AND  INTEREST  PAYABLE  IN  GOLD. 

553 


CELEBRATED  HATS 

The   Dunlap   Silk   Umbrella. 

CHICAGO -Palmer  House. 
(Branch,  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York  City.) 

SEND   FOR   FASHION    PLATE. 


Corn  Exchange  Bank 

"The  Rookery,"  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Quincy  Sts. 

CHICAGO. 

CHARLES  L  HUTCHINSON,  President. 

ERNEST  A.  HAM  ILL,  Vice-  President, 

FRANK  W.  SMITH,  Cashier. 

CAPITAL,    ......      $1,000,000 

SURPLUS,  -  $1,000,000 


S.  A.  KENT,  J.  H.  D  WIGHT,  BYKON  L.  SMITH, 

CHAS.  H.  W  ACKER,  CHAS.  COUNSELMAN, 

EDWIN  G.  FOREMAN,  B.  M,  FREES,  CHAS.  H.  SCHWAB, 

EDWARD  B.  BUTLER,  CHAS.  L.  HUTCHINSON, 

ERNEST  A.  HAMILL, 

554 


AMERICAN    CONSERVATORY 

CHICKERING     HALL 
Cor.  Wabash  Ave.  and  Jackson  Street,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

JOHN  J.   HATTSTAEDT,   Director 


All  branches  of  Instrumental  and  Vocal  Music,  Harmony,  Composition, 
Instrumentation.  Dramatic  Art,  Elocution,  Delsarte.  Normal  Department 
for  the  Training  of  Teachers,  Forty  Instructors. 

Normal  Session,  July  6th  to  August  2d,  SEND  FOR  CATALOGUE, 

Patronize  home  industry  and  protect  the  labor 
of  America  by  using 

Merrick's  Spool  Cotton 

It  is  Six  Cord,  Soft  Finish,  Full  Measure,  and  is  equally  well  adapted 
for  Hand  and  Machine  Sewing.  For  sale  by  Carson,  Pirie,  Scott  &  Go's 
retail,  and  dry  goods  houses  generally. 

MERRICK  THREAD  CO.,  205  Fifth  Avenue 


Vierling,  McDowell  &  Co. 

MANUFACTURERS   OF 

Architectural  Iron 


GENERAL    FOUNDRY,   STAIR    AND     BEAM    WORK 

ENGINEERS    FOR    FIREPROOF    BUILDINGS. 

Office  and  Works:   23d  St.  and  Stewart  Av.  ...CHICAGO. 

Robert  Vierling,  President.         Louis  Vk'i-line,  Sec'y  and  Treas.         Alfred  Grossmith,  Supt. 


ftourjee  Conservatory  of  flTmeic,  Chicago. 

MUSIC  is  taught  in  all  its  departments,  Instrumental  and  Vocal, 
including  Pianoforte,  Organ,  Violin,  Orchestration,  Chorus  Practice  and 
Art  of  Acting. 

SCHOOL  OF  MODERN  LANGUAGES.    HENRY  COHN,  Principal. 

SCHOOL  OF  ELOCUTION,  DELSARTE  AND  PHYSICAL  CULTURE. 

MDME.  CARTCCA  LE  FAVRE,  Directress. 

SCHOOL  OF  TUNING  PIANOS  AND  ORGANS.  The  department  includes 
Piano,  Reed  and  Pipe  Organ  Tuning  and  Repairing,  with  facilities  for 
practice  at  Factory.  JOHN  GORDON,  Principal . 

Pupils  received  at  any  time .    Send  for  circular. 

H.  TOURJEE,  DIRECTOR,  247  STATE  STREET. 

JLearn   Watchmaking 

JEWELRY  WORK 
ENGRAVING    AND  OPTICS 

For  terms  call  or  address 


Chicago  Watchmakers'  Institute 

1521-23  MASONIC  TEMPLE 


'fc^J* 


m 


THE  PLANKINGTON,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

The  Largest  and  Most  Complete  Hotel  in  the  Northwest.  Four 
hundred  and  fifty  rooms  from  $2.50  to  $5.00  per  day.  Tourists  and 
commercial  travelers  will  find  the  Plankington  one  of  the  most 
elegant  and  comfortable  hotels  in  the  United  States. 

A.  L.  CHASE,  Manager. 

550 


S.  E.  WOOD  E.  A.  WOOD 

JAS.  WOOD  R.  NASH 

WOOD  BROTHERS 
Commission  Merchants 


FOR  THE   SALE   OP  ALL  KINDS  OP 


LIVE    STOCK 

Address,  UNION  STOCK  YARDS 
....CHICAGO,   ILL.... 


Branch.  House 

Union  Stock  Yards  Telephone  No.,  8  Yards  548 

South  OmaZiu.  Neb.  Established  1837 

MORGAN   PARK 

Chicago's  Leading  Suburb 

The  location  of  the  preparatory  department  of  the  University 
of  Chicago. 

The  aristrocratic  residence  and  educational  center  of  the  South 
Side.  Business  property  near  the  station  and  choice  residence  lots 
in  all  parts  of  Morgan  Park. 

Acres  a  Specialty 

LOANS  NEGOTIATED,   HOUSES  BUILT 
B.  F.  CLARKE 

Salle  Street 


. 

at  Morgan  farlc 

Room  4IO 

C/iicag-o,  U.  S.  A. 

557 


THE   RELIC   HOUSE 

900  North  Clark  Street 


BUILT  OF  MATERIAL   TAKEN 

FROM  THE  CHICAGO   FIRE 

The   only    interesting    relic    remaining    of    the    fatal 
October  pth,   1871. 


Refreshments  of  all  kinds  served 
toy  polite  waiters,  etc.,  etc. 


WIVC.     IvINDKVEA.NN,     Proprietor 


J.  JL.  <&  S. 

REAL  ESTATE  AND  LOAN 

-  BROKERS  - 


REAL  ESTATE  IN  VESTMENTS,  CAR*  AND  MANAGEMENT  OF 

PROPERTY,   99  YEAR   LEASES   NEGOTIATED. 


West  Side,  Solatia    Side    and  Central    Business  Prop- 
erty a  Specialty. 


ROOM    615,    CHfVMBBR    OF    GOMMBRGE,. 

S.  E.  COR.  LA  SALLE  AND  WASHINGTON  STS. 
558 


6%    IOWA    7°/0 

FARM   MORTGAGES 


ARE 


Interest  and  principal  net  to  lender.     Twenty-one  years 

business  and  no  loss.     The  highest  references. 

Send  for  descriptive  phamphlet. 


Ellsworth  &  Jones 


52O-521 

of  Commerce  Building 


WESTERN  OFFICE: 
First  Nat'l  Bank  B2c*&. 
Jowa  Falls,  Iowa. 


GEO.  H.  FISHER,  Prest. 

E.  D.  SCHEBLE,  Vice  Prest. 


J.  F.  VOGEL.  Sec'y  and  Treas. 
P.  GENDRON,  Supt. 


GENDRON  IRON  WHEEL  Co. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Bicycles     Tricycles 

Velocipedes 

Goat  Sulkies 

Toy  Barrows 

Baby  Carriages 

Express  Wagons 

Doll  Cabs 

Reed  Furniture 

Bamboo  Novelties 

Sample  Room:          Factory  and  Home  Office:     Eastern  Office  &  Wareroom: 

CHICAGO,  ILL.  TOLEDO,  OHIO.       NEW  YORK. 

68  and  70  S.  Canal  St.  5 18  to  540  Super  lor  St.     358-360  Broome  St. 

Bet   Madison  &  Washington  St. 


ADVANCED  IDEAS  IN  SCHOOL  APPARATUS. 


Mid-Continent  Publishing  Co. 

PATENTEES  AND  MANUFACTURERS  OF 

HIGHGRADESCHOOLSUPPLIES 

And  Superior  Apparatus  for  Object  Lesson  Teaching. 

OWNERS  AND  MANUFACTURERS  OF 
Alford's  Columbian  Tellurian, 

Kane's  Dustless,  Self-Erasing-  Blackboard, 

Jeffer's  Primary  Reading  Apparatus, 
King's  Historical  Portfolio, 

Lugen's  Unequaled  Map  Cases. 

PUBLISHERS  OF  BOOKS,  MAPS  AND  CHARTS. 

MID-CONTINENT  PUBLISHING  CO. 
46-48-50  Jackson  St.  CHICAGO. 

J.  D.  ALX.EN  K.  H.  OPDYKE 

W.  K.  GASSETTE  W.  G.  ALLEN 


ALLEN,  GASSETTE  &  OPDYKE 


Real  Estates-Renting  Agents 

MORTGAGE    BANKERS 


1IO  Dearborn  Street 


Telephone,  Main  1519  ....CHICAGO 

560 


CREENEBAUM  SONS, 

Bankers, 

83  and  85  Dearborn  Street, 

CHICAGO. 

LOANS  ON  REAL  ESTATE  A  SPECIALTY, 

FIRST  CLASS  INVESTMENT  SECURITIES, 

MORTGAGES,  BONDS,  ETC.,  FOR  SALE, 

REAL  ESTATE  SOLD,  BOUGHT  AN  D.MAN  AGED, 

DEALERS  IN  FOREIGN  EXCHANGE. 

A  General  Banking  Business  Transacted. 
Mason  &  Z)avis   Co. 


COMBINATION  COAL  AND  GAS  RANGE 

561 


WROUGHT 

STEEL 
RANGES 

...FOB... 

COAL,  WOOD 
OR   GAS 

And  Combination 
Ranges  for  both 
Coal  and  Gas 

OFFICE  73  LAKE  ST. 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 


PHILKTUS  SAWYER,  President.  JAMES  B.  GOODMAN,  Secretary. 

EDGAR  P.  SAWYER,  Vice-President .  WM.  O  GOODMAN,  Treasurer. 


SAWYER-GOODMAN  Co. 

LUMBER 

MANUFACTURERS 
AND  DEALERS 


Lumber  and  5hinofe  Miffs  at  flenekaune,  Wis, 

MOUTH  OF  THE  MENOMINEE  KIVER 

WHOLESALE  YARDS, 

500  Lumber  Street,   CHICAGO. 


The  situation  of  our  Chicago  Yards  enables  us  to 
make  very  PROMPT  SHIPMENTS  over  any  road  connected 
with  railroad  system  of  Chicago.  We  desire  to  call 
especial  attention  to  SHINGLES  of  our  own  manufacture. 
The  grades  are  uniformaly  good,  and  deservedly  enjoy 
a  high  reputation.  A  large  proportion  of  our  stock  is 
always  in  excellent  shape  for  pound  shipments.  We 
now  have  in  pile  a  large  and  finely  assorted  stock  of  DRY 
LUMBER,  which  we  offer  to  the  trade  at  market  rates- 
We  have  No  SPECIALTIES,  and  aim  to  furnish  anything 
and  everything  usually  handled  by  lumber  dealers. 

GENERAL,  OFFICE 

107  DEARBORN  ST.,  CHICAGO 

Menominee  River  Pine  Lands  and  Stumpage  for  Sale 


flNDREWS'"GEM"  FOLDING  BED 

The    only  Bed   made  with   Special  Provisions  for  Ventilation, 
Cleaning  and  Easy  Moving,  also  Weightless. 

NO  BUGS.      NO  DIRT.      NO  BREAKAGE.     ELEGANT  DESIGNS.     MODERATE 
PRICES.      OCCUPIES  SMALL  SPACE. 


OPEN  FOB  DUSTING.     NO.  1. 

Made  in  Birch,  Oak,  Walnut  or  Mahogany. 
Catalogue. 


ADVANTAGES  OVER  ANY 
AND  ALL  OTHERS. 

1.  Any  lady  or  child  can  easily 
open  it,  as  represented  in  cut  1,  for 
cleaning. 

2.  Or  they  can  take  it  apart  for 
moving. 

3.  While  its  length  when  opened 
is  GREATER  than  any  other  bed, 
when  closed  its  HEIGHT  is  8  inches 
less. 

4.  It  is  the  BEST  ventilated  of  all 
Folding  Beds. 

5.  It  has  in  its  base  a  very  large 
box  extremely  useful  night  or  day. 

6.  It  is  fitted  with  our  adjustable 
cable  spring,  ur  equaled  for  com- 
fort, simplicity  and  durability. 

We  are  Sole  Manufacturers 
aart  Guarantee  Satisfaction. 


See  samples  and  get  our 


Bank  Fittings. 
Commercial  Furniture. 
Office  Desks. 

Fine  Brass  and  Wire  Work. 
School  Supplies. 


Church  Chairs 

LARGEST  VARIETY, 

.  .  .  Plain  or  Upholstered. 

$50,000.00~vvorth  like 
cut  furnished  Chi- 
cago Auditorium. 

Pulpit,  Pulpit  Chairs,  &c. 


WE  MAKE  PIANO,  DUET  AND  OFFICE  CHAIRS,  DESKS,  Etc. 


Andrews  Metal  Ghair 


Attractive,  Light,  Comfortable  and 
INDESTRUCTIBLE. 

Brass,  Nickel,  and  Copper  Finished;  Highly 
Polished.  CHEAPEST  CHAIR  ever  matlr, 
quality  and  durability  considered. 

Enameled  any  Color, 

A.  H.  ANDREWS  &,  Co. 

2ir>  Wabash  Av.,  Chicagp. 
563 


0-0 


The  Union  Pacific 


"THE   OVERLAND    ROUTE 


SHORT   LINE. 

QUICKEST  TIME, 

FINEST  SCENERY, 

UNION  DEPOTS. 

Through  PULLMAN  PALACE 

Sleepers  and  Diners. 

Coi  ONIST  SLEEPERS. 


FREE  CHAIR  CARS 


Ask  for  Our  1893 

Garfield  Beach,  Great  Salt  Lake.  WESTERN    RESORT    BOOK. 

"THE   OVERLAND    FLYER." 


Leave 
Chicago 

10:30  P.  M. 

Leave 
Omaha 

2:15  P.  M. 

Arrive 
Denver 

7:40  A.  M. 

Arrive 
Ogden 

ItOO  A.  M. 

•  Salt  Lake 

3:00  A.  M. 

Arrive 
Portland 
7:25  A.  M. 
San  Francisco 

9:15  A.  M. 

Sunday. 
Monday. 
Tuesday. 
Wednesday. 
Thursday. 
Friday. 
Saturday. 

Monday. 
Tuesday. 
Wednesday. 
Thursday. 
Friday. 
Saturday. 
Sunday. 

Tuesday. 
Wednesday. 
Thursday. 
Friday. 
Saturday. 
Sunday. 
Monday. 

Wednesday. 
Thursday. 
Friday. 
Saturday. 
Sunday. 
Monday. 
Tuesday. 

Thursday. 
Friday. 
Saturday. 
Sunday. 
Monday. 
Tuesday. 
Wednesday. 

For  tickets  or  any  additional  information  call  on  your  nearest  Ticket  Agent, 
or  address, 

W.  T.  HOLLY,  CITY  PASSENGER  AND  TICKET  AGENT, 

No.  191  South  Clark  Street,  CHICAGO. 


S.  H.  CLARK, 

President, 


E.  DICKINSON,  .  E.  L.  LOMAX, 

Gen'l  Manager.  Gen'l  Pass.  &  Tkt.  Agt. 

OMAHA.  NEB. 
564 


ESTABLISHED  1840. 


OEO.  B.  GflRPENTER  &  GO., 


SHIP  CHANDLERS  &  SAILMAKERS. 


DEALERS  IN 


TWINES  &  CORDAGE. 

GOTTON  DUCK, 

STEEL  &  IRON  WIRE  ROPE, 

GflftlNS,  BLOCKS,  Etc., 

RfllLROflD, 

MILLS 

VESSEL  SUPPLIES. 

202  to  208  So.  Water  St.,      -     CHICAGO. 


=GOING  TO  CALIFORNIA— 

PURCHASE  TICKETS  OF  THE 

Southern  Pacific  Company 

WHICH  OFFERS  A  CHOICE  OF 

3*  ROUTES  "^ 

To  CALIFORNIA  and  all  Points  on  the  PACIFIC  COAST. 

From  NEW  ORLEANS,  through  SAN 
ANTONIO,  EL  PASO  and  YUMA,  to 

Los  ANGELES,  SAN  DIEGO,  SAN  FRANCISCO  and  other  points. 
A  Favorite  Route. 

CfW  ft^nW  From  OGDEN,  through  TRUCKEE,  over 
tlJBi  UVrlSEtH  the  sierra  Nevada,  to  SACRAMENTO, 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  and  all  California  Points.  The  Short  and 
Direct  Route. 

From  PORTLAND,    southward, 


through  Oregon,  over  the  Siskiyon 
mountains,  and  through  Northern  California.  Famous  as  a 
Scenic  Route. 

SUPERIOR  EQUIPMENT- COMFORTABLE  TRAVELING 

An  Interesting  and  Beneficial  Trip. 

CALIFORNIA   INVITES  AM,  TO  PROFIT  BY  HER  MANY 

ADVANTAGES.        ,.,..• 

UNEQUALED  OPPPORTUNITIES  FOR 

Health  Seekers,  Pleasure  Hunters,  Home  Builders, 


For  complete  information,  guide  books,  maps,  pamphlets  and  all  sorts 
of  descriptive  literature,  inquire  of  or  address, 

W.  G.  NEIMYER,  GENERAL  WESTERN  AGENT, 

204  Clark  Street,  CHIC  \GO,  ILL. 
E.  HAWLEY,  ASSISTANT  GEN'L  TRAFFIC  MANAGER, 

343  Broadway,  NEW  YORK. 
W.  C.  WATSON,  GEN'L  PASS.  AGT.  (Atlantic  System), 

NEW   ORLEANS. 

T.  H.  GQODMAN,  GEN'L  PASS.  AGT.  (Pacific  System), 

SAN  FRANCISCO, 


V.  A.  /<\ey«r.  O-  A. 

— i —     EXTENSIVE  DEALERS  IN  CHOICEST  ~ 


•IHIIIIKE  CITY  M  SUBURBAN  PROPERTIES 

Our  holdings  embrace  the  most 
Desirable  Acreage,  flanufacturing 
Sites  and  Residence  Lots  in 


North 
5outb 


BrooKfield  Junction 

MILWAUKEE'S  FOUR  GREAT  GROWING  SUBURBS. 
The  actual  cash  expenditures  in  buildings  and  other 

improvements 

at  these  points  in  1892,  was: 

South  Milwaukee,  (twelve  months)    -    $1,009,000.00 
Cudahy,  (six  months)     =      =      -  522,000.00 

North  Milwaukee,  (three  months)       -        373,000.00 

The  Brookfleld  Territory  will  be  opened  for  business  in  the  Spring  of  1893. 

South  Milwaukee,  six  miles. 


DISTANCES 


Cudahy,  three  miles. 


North  flilwaukee,  one  and  one-half  miles. 


Brookfield  Junction,  twelve  miles. 

THESE  ARE  THE  COMING  GREAT  MANUFACTURING  POINTS. 


South  Milwaukee  and  Cudahy  each  have  the  shipping  facilities 
of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway,  and  North  Milwaukee  has 
the  four  great  railroads  which  center  in  the  city,  and  is  soon  to 
have  Electric  railway  connection  with  the  city. 

Brookfield  Junction  is  the  central  junction  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railway.  Investments  at  any  of  these  points 
are  sure  to  bring  handsome  returns. 

Call  upon  or  write  us  for  information  regarding  any  feature 
desired.  Special  inducements  to  manufacturers  who  wish  to 
locate  substantial  works.  Our  city  properties  embrace  anything 
desired  in  choicest  residence  or  business  sites. 

Rooms  605-606-607  Pabst  B/dg.         A\EYER   &  FIJMCK, 
/A.ILWAUKEE,  V/IS. 


W.  C.  RITCHIE.  F.  C.  SWETT. 

W.  E.  RITCHIE.  T.  L.  SMKDES. 

W.  C.  RITCHIE  &  CO. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

PAPER  BOXES 

AND  PAPER  CANS 

ESTABLISHED    1866. 

S.  W.  Cor.  Green  and  Van  Buren  Streets, 
CHICAGO. 


In  our  factory  recently  built  at  the  corner  of  Green  and  Van 
Buren  streets,  we  have  greatly  increased  our  facilities  for  the  manu- 
facture of  everything  in  our  line. 

We  make  a  specialty  of  HIGH  GRADES  OF  SMALL  BOXES  USED 
BY  THE  JEWELRY  AND  DRUG  TRADE,  and  of  FINELY  FINISHED  AND 
ATTRACTIVE  BOXES  FOR  THE  BETTER  CLASS  OF  CONFECTIONERY 
TRADE. 

We  have  added  to  our  capacities  for  turning  out  our  Specialties 
in  ROUND  WORK,  such  as  PAPER  CANS,  AXLE  GREASE  BOXES, 
MAILING  CYLINDERS,  ETC. 

In  the  general  line  of  paper  boxes,  such  as  SHOE  BOXES,  CANDY 
BOXES,  NECKWEAR  BOXES,  SHIRT  BOXES,  SOAP  BOXES,  MILLINERY 
BOXES,  SUIT  and  CLOAK  BOXES,  etc.,  we  are  ready,  as  we  have  al- 
ways been,  for  all  comers.  We  will  gladly  furnish  estimates  at  low- 
est prices  in  any  line  of  paper  boxes. 

By  our  increased  room  and  enlarged  capacities  we  can  hold  out 
SPECIAL  INDUCEMENTS  TO  LARGE  CONSUMERS,  and  can  guarantee 
that  all  orders  will  be  executed  with  promptness. 


WEST"  GG1, 

569 


•FOR    A- 


MULTUM  IN  PflRVO  TRIP 


Northern  Pacific  Railroad 

"TO  THE  PORTALS   OJP  THE  SU2VSET." 


Rolling  Plains,   Sculptured   Bad   Lands,   Indian   Life,   Mining 

Camps,  Lofty  Mountains,  Dancing  Rivers,  Growing 

Cities,  Thriving  Villages,  Yellowstone 

Park,  Alaska. 


CHICAGO        SUPERIOR         DULUTH 
ST.  PAUL       MINNEAPOLIS 

BUTTE,     HELENA,     MISSOULA,     SPOKANE, 
SEATTLE,   TACOMA,   PORTLAND. 


BY    USING    THIS    LINE    YOU 

IN    PRINCELY    FASHION 

Luxurious  Pullman  Sleeping  Gars 

AND  UNEQUALED  DINING  CARS 


J.    M.    HANNAFORD,  CHAS.   S.    FEE, 

Gon.  Traffic  Manager.  Qen.  Past  and  Ticket  Agent. 


ST.   PAUL,  MINN. 

570 


MICHIGAN  ^^  CENTRAL 


"THE 
NIAGARA  FALLS  ROUTE" 

AND   THE   ROUTE   OF  THE   FAST 
VESTIBULED    TRAIN 


THE  NORTH  SHORE  LIMITED 


AND    OTHER    FAST    TRAINS 

Between  CHICAGO  AND  NEW  YORK,  BOSTON  AND  NEW  ENGLAND  POINTS, 

— VIA — 

New  York   Central   and   Hudson    River  and   Boston   and   Albany 
Railroads. 


IT  IS  THE  ONLY  LINE  RUNNNG  DIRECTLY  BY  AND  IN  FULL  VIEW  OF  THE 

WORLD'S   COLUMBIAN   EXPOSITION 
AND  THE  GREAT   CATARACT    OF    NIAGARA. 


IT  IS  SOLIDLY  CONSTRUCTED, 

MAGNIFICENTLY  EQUIPPED, 

VIGILANTLY  OPERATED, 

And  spares  no  Pains  nor  Expense  to  secure 

The  Comfort,  Convenience  and  Safety  of  its  Patrons. 


L.  D.  HEUSNER.  CITY  PASSENGER  AND  TICKET  AGENT, 

67  Clark  Street,  Corner  Randolph,  Chicago. 

ROBERT  MILLER,  GenM  Supt.      O.  W.  RUGGLES,  Gen'l  Pass.  &  Ticket  Ayt. 
^        DETROIT.  CHICAGO. 


Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  R'y 


A  VERY   POPULAR  TRAIN 

On   the   CHICAGO,    ROCK    ISLAND   &    PACIFIC    RAILWAY 
leaves  Chicago,  daily,  at  10  p.  M.     It  is  called 

"THE    BIG    FIVE" 

Is  only  one  day  out,  and  passengers  arrive  at  Denver, 
Pueblo  or  Colorado  Springs  early  the  second  morning. 
The  "  ROCK  ISLAND"  has  become  a  popular  Colo- 
rado Line,  and  the  train  above  referred  to  is  Vestibuled, 
and  carries  the  "  ROCK  ISLAND'S"  Excellent  Dining  Car 
Service, 

JNQ,  SEBASTIAN,   G.  T.  &  P.   A., 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 


W.  H.  EMERY,  Prest. 


A.  P.  SPURLINO,  Vice  Prest 


W.  H.  PRKBLE,  Sec'y  and  Treas. 

THE  ONLY  MANUFACTURERS  OF  RAWHIDE  BELTING 
IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


ESTABLISHED  1878. 


INCORPORATED  1879. 


in  (Hi 


ii  Co. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


XXX. 

Chicago  Rawhide 

co. 

—  FOR  — 

BawHide  Belting,  Bore 


,  Lace  LeatHer 


ROPE,  LARIATS,   FLY  NETS, 

MABBS  HYDRAULIC  RAWHIDE  PACKING. 

Picker  Leather,  Stock  and  Farm  Whips,  Washers,  Home    Straps,  Home 
Strings,  Halters  and  other  Rawhide  Goods  of  all  kinds, 

BY  KRUEGER'S  PATENT. 

75  &77  Ohio  Street,  near  Market, 


TELEPHONE,  NORTH  4O3. 


CHICAGO. 


WE  MAKE  ENGRAVINGS  of  views,  buildings,  machin- 
ery,  merchandise, specialties, portraits, animals, etc. 

WE  MAKE  DESIGNS  for  cards,  headings,  covers,book 
illustrations,  advertising  features. 

WE  MAKE  HALF-TONE  PLATES  direct  from  photo- 
graphs or  brush  drawings  of  any  subject. 

WE  MAKE  ZINC  ETCHINGS  from  pen-and-ink  or 
crayon  drawings,  reproductions  from  prints  of  all 
black  and  white  line  subjects. 

WE  MAKE  WOOD  ENGRAVINGS  for  mechanical 
and  general  catalogue  illustration. 

WE  MAKE  METAL  ENGRAVINGS  for  labels  and 
color  work. 

WE  MAKE  WAX  ENGRAVINGS  of  mechanical  and 
architectural  diagrams,  railroad,  town,  county  and 
state  maps,  real  estate  plats,  intricate  rule  work  and 
fine  script. 

WE  MAKE  ELECTROTYPES  from  cuts  or  type  forms. 
In  fact  we  are  prepared  to  make  anything  in  the  line 
of  a  plate  or  illustration  for  use  on  the  printing  press, 
by  the  method  best  adapted  to  each  particular 
subject.  Our  facilities  are  complete.  Sample  sheets 
and  estimates  furnished.  Correspondence  solicited. 

GEO.  H.  BENEDICT  &  CO. 

Engravers  and  Electrotypers 
'Phone,  Main  1700  175=177  So.  Clark.  St.,  CHICAGO 

574 


Union  National  Bank 

OF   CHICAGO. 

Northeast  Cor.  La  Salle  and  Adams  Sts. 


Paid-up   Capital,   $2,000,000,    Surplus   and 
Undivided  Profits,  $900,000. 

A  REGULAR   BANKING    BUSINESS  TRANSACTED. 


Accounts  of   Banks  and  Bankers,  Mercantile  and  Manufacturing 
Firms  or  Corporations  received  on  Favorable  Terms. 


FOREIGN  EXCHANGE  BOUGHT  AND  SOLD. 


Commercial  and  Travelers'  Credits,  available  in  Europe  and  the 

United  States  issued.    Telegraphic  Transfers  made  with  all 

principal  European  and  Domestic  points. 


J,  J.  P,  ODELL,  President.  DAVID  KELLEY,  Vice  Prest. 

AUGUST  BLUM,  Cashier.  W-  0,  HIPWELL,  Asst,  Cashier, 

DIRECTORS. 

DAVID  KELLEY,  of  Kelley,  Maus  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Wholesale  Hardware. 

J.  H.  BARKER,  of  Haskell  &  Barker  Car  Co.,  Michigan  City,  Ind. 

S.  K.  MARTIN,  of  S.  K.  Martin  Lumber  Co.,  Chicago. 

O.  C.  BARBER,  President  Diamond  Match  Co . 

H.  N.  MAY,  of  Corbin,  May  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Wholesale  Grocers. 

D.  B.  DEWEY,  LatePres.  Am.  Ex.  Nat.  Bank 

S.  B.  BARKER,  of  S.  B.  Barker  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Lumber. 

H.  H.  GETTY,  of  Martin  Ryerson  &  Co. 

J.  J.  P.  ODELL,  President. 


Collections  on  all  accessible  points 
carefully  made  and  promptly  accounted  for  on  equitable  terms. 

CORRESPONDENCE    SOLICITED. 

575 


KOR 


see 

Place  your 

business  with 

that 

a  house  which 

designs  and 

you 

engraves  all 

always 

styles  of  work. 

Save  your 

send 

time  and 

your 

save  your 

money. 

orders 

EST'D  1867. 

to 

MflNZ  &  60. 


.  .  Engravers  .  . 


183-185-187  -^.      .-^    , 

MONROE    STREET  CHICAGO 


HALF  TONE. 


ZINC  ETCHING. 


WOOD  ENGRAVING. 


MAP  WORK. 


THE 


TlirouQH  Gar  Route 

Between  Chicago  and  Principal  Points  in 


ILLINOIS,  IOWA,  WISCONSIN,  NORTHERN  MICHIGAN,  MINNESOTA, 

THE  DAKOTAS,  NEBRASKA,  COLORADO,  WYOMING, 

UTAH,    IDAHO,    NEVADA,    OREGON, 

CALIFORNIA. 


SOLID  VESTIBULED  TRAINS 

Between  Chicago  and  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  Council 
Bluffs,  Omaha,  Denver  and  Portland. 


THROUGH   SLEEPING  CARS 


Between  Chicago  and  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  Dulnth, 
Council  Bluffs,  Omaha,  Sioux  City,  Denver,  Portland, 
and  San  Francisco 


FREE   RECLINING  CHAIR  CARS 

Between  Chicago  and  Council  Bluffs,  Omaha,  Denver 
and  Portland. 


SUPERB  DINING  CARS 

Between  Chicago  and  Milwaukee?,  St.  Paul,  Minnea- 
polis, Council  Bluffs,  Omaha,  Denver,  Portland  and 
California  points. 

All  agents  sell  tickets  via. 

THE  NORTH-WESTERN. 

Chicago    Ticket   offices :-2O8   CLARK   STREET 

and  Passenger  Station,  corner  Wells 
and  Kinzie  Streets 

W.  H.  NEWMAN  J.  M.  WHITMAN  W.  A.  THRAIX 

Third  Vice -President          General  Manager         Gen.  Pass,  and  Ticket  Agt. 


THIS  PICTURE 

CUTS  NO 

MATERIAL 

FIGURE 

.  .  IN  .  . 

THIS  AD. 


WHAT  WE  WANT  TO  CALL  YOUR  ATTENTION  JO  IS  THIS 

WHEN    YOU    WANT  AN 

—  BNGRfWlNG— 


FOR  YOUR 

Letter  Head,  Portrait,  Machinery,  Illustrations  for  Books,  Cat- 
alogues, in  either  Half-tone,  Pen  and  Ink,  Wood 
or  Wax  Engraving,  consult  us. 

With  years  of  experience  we  are  prepared 

to  do  the  most  intricate  as  well  as  sim-        SA  TISFAC  TION   GUARAN  TEED. 


pie  work. 


PHOTO  TINT  ENGRAVING  CO. 


8O    Dearborn    Street, 


CHICAGO. 


57H 


579 


..  l  ri E . . 

HOTEL  PFISTER 

MILWAUKEE,  WIS. 


AN  ABSOLUTELY 

FIRE-PROOF 

HOTEL 

And  one  of  the  most  penect  in  construction,  appoint- 
ments and  cuisine  in  the  world. 


It    is   located   on    the   east  side    of  Milwaukee, 
within  a  few  blocks  of  the  lake,  and  com- 
mands a  view  of  the  beautiful  bay, 
and  of  the  entire  city. 


All  things  considered,  The  Pfister  has  no 
superiors  and  but  few  equals  in  the  United  States. 

The  Pfister  will  open  for  business  about 
April  ist,  1893. 

S.  H,  BROWN,  Manager. 

&81 


WHAT  IS  BETTER  THAN  A  FIRST-CLASS 
MINING   INVESTMENT? 


pnipnir  PRPCI/  has  i ncreased  its  population  from  200 
I/nil  fLL  UnCLr\  to  15,000  in  one  year.  Two  railroads 
are  now  building  into  the  Camp. 


Cripple  Grot  Gold 


Has  one  large  cross-cut  tunnel,  1,500  x  3,000  feet,  extending  through 
the  richest  hill  in  the  Camp.  Two  large,  rich  veins  are  known  to 
extend  across  our  property  which  we  will  cut  before  tunneling  many 
more  feet. 

We  have  uncovered  three  (3)  veins  of  pay  ore,  one  of  which  is 
fifteen  feet  wide,  and  runs  over  $26.00  per  ton,  which  is  success- 
fully treated  by  the  MCARTHUR-FORREST  process,  at  a  cost  of  $5.00 
per  ton,  which  will  be  reduced  to  $2.00  by  using  our  own  mill. 

When  the  railroad  is  completed  we  will  be  the  largest  producer 
in  Cripple  Creek. 

We  declared  a  dividend  of  one  cent  a  share  in  December,  and 
do  not  anticipate  it  will  be  long  until  this  dividend  can  be  paid  each 
month,  and  probably  increased  to  two  cents  a  share. 

The  Treasury  Stock  can  now  be  had  for  thirty-five  cents  a  share 
(par  value,  $1.00),  full  paid  and  non-assessable. 

Write  the  Company  for  information,  or  remit  them  at  once,  and 
your  stock  will  be  forwarded  immediately.  ADDRESS, 

GEO.  B.  MECHEM,  SECRETARY. 

416  Chamber  of  Commerce,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
DI  RECTORS. 

CAPT.  WM.  P.  BLACK,  of  Black  &  Fitzgerald,  Attorneys,  Chicago. 

W.  A.  KNAPP,  Banker  .Chicago,  TREASURER. 

H.   WADSWORTH,   of  Thomson-Houston   Electric  Light  Co.,  Chicago, 

VICE-PRESIDENT. 

HARRY  G.  WILSON,  Banker,  Chicago. 
JAMES  C.  THOMAS,  of  The  Werner  Co.,  Chicago. 
R.  W.  CORWIN,  Pueblo. 
J.  W.  O.  SNYDER,  Pueblo. 
GEO.  B.  MECHEM,  Chicago 

:.*:; 


ESTABLISHED  1863 


CHAS.  KAESTNER  &  Co, 

Architects  and  Engineers 


Breweries,  Malt  Houses 

Distilleries  and   Elevators 

A   SPECIALTY 


We  carry  in  stock  for  immediate  delivery, 
Engines,  Boilers,  Pumps  and  Heaters,  also, 
a  full  stock  of  Wood  Pulleys,  Shafting, 
Hangers,  etc. 


Exclusive  agents  for  Chandler  &  Taylor's 
self  contained  engines.     A  full  line  of  power  transmitting  machinery. 


GENERAL   AND   SPECIAL    MACHINERY 

BUILT  AND    DESIGNED    TO    ORDER 

241   TO  259  SOUTH  JEFFERSON  STREET 

..CHICAGO,  ILL.... 

584 


1871    CHICAGO  ATHEN^UM    1893 

"The  People's  College" 

ATHEN/EUM  BUILDING  18  to  26  Van  Buren  Street- 

Now  in  its  twenty-second  year,  enjoys  a  wide  reputation  for  its  broad 
educational  scope  and  thoroughness  of  instruction.  It  employs  thirty- 
three  teachers,  and  gives  to  goung  men  and  women  the  best  advantages  for 
a  business,  academic  or  preparatory  Technical  Course. 

THE   ATHENAEUM    COMPRISES 

BUSINESS,  GRAMMAR  AND  SHORTHAND  SCHOOLS  — ARCHITECT- 
URAL AND  MECHANICAL  DRAWING  — MATHEMATICS  — CIVIL 
ENGINEERING— ELECTRIC  MECHANICS  -FRENCH  —  GERMAN 
—  SPANISH  — LATIN  AND  GREEK— WOOD  CARVING— DRESS 
CUTTING,  FITTING  AND  MAKING  — ELOCUTION- ORATORY- 
PARLIAMENTARY  PRACTICE— MUSIC. 

B^~A  fine  Library  and  reading  room  FREE  to  all  our  pupils;  also  a 
spacious  Gymnasium,  under  an  experienced  director,  are  maintained. 

ADDRESS   SUPERINTENDENT   FOR   CATALOGUE. 


323-333     SO.  CANAL     STREET. 

CATALOGUES  FREE.-DEALERS  WANTED.-CALL  OR  WRITE 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


